SYSTÉMATIQUE ET PHYLOGENÈSE DES SPARIDAE DU GENRE DIPLODUS RAF., (Pisces, Teleostei) *

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SYSTÉMATIQUE ET PHYLOGENÈSE DES SPARIDAE DU GENRE DIPLODUS RAF., (Pisces, Teleostei) * Pour tout renseignement, abonnement aux revues périodiques, achat d’ouvrages et de cartes, ou demande de catalogue, s’adresser h : SERVICE CENTRAL DE DOCUMENTATIC)N BE L’ORSTOM 70-74, route d’Aulnay, 93l&I BONQY (France) - Tout paiement sera effectué par virement postai ou ckéque bancaire barre, au nom de: R&gie avance SSC ORSTOM, 70, route ~Y’Aulnay, 93WO BONDY, CPTE 9752-54, CCP PARK - Achat au comptant possible h la bibliothèque de I”ORSTOM, 24, rue Bayard, 75008 PARIS. I - CiiHIEW” OR BIOLOGIE ENTOMOLOGIE MEDICALE ET PARA§ITOLOGIE OCEANC9GR/WiIE HYDROBIOLOGIE PEDOLOGIE HYDROLOGIE SCIENCES HUMAINES Erance- 100 F. séries trimestrielles Abonnement : Etranger 130 F. GEOLOGIE - série semestrielle II - BULLETIN AWALYTIQUE D’EWTBMBLOGIE MED!CALE ET VÉTÉRINAIRE 12 numéros par an France 80 F. Abonnement : (14 fascicules) Etranger 90 F. MOLLUSQUES, CRUSTACI%, PBISSBNS MARINS EN COLLECTION AU CENTRE ~C~~~~~~A~~I~U~ DE POINTE-NOIRE ÇOLLIGNOW J., ROSSIGNOL M., ROUX M. Hors collection, ORSTBM Paris, 22,5 x 28, 372 p, 45 F LES EUPHAUSIACES DU PACIFIQUE BQUATORIAL ET §UD TROPICAL ZooP;éographie,écologie, biologie et situation trophique. ROGER C. TRAVAUX ET DOCUMENTS DE L’O.R.S.T.0.M. N” 45 0. R. S. T. 0. M. PARIS 1975 . ...* « La loi du 11 mars 1957 n’autorisant, aux termes des alineas 2 et 3 de l’article 41, d’une part, qua «les «copies ou reproductions strictement réservées a l’usage privé du copiste et non destinees B une «utilisation collective» et, d’autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans un büt d’exemple et «d’illustration, «toute representation ou‘reproduction integrale, ou partielle, faite sans le consentement de «l’auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicites (alihéa ter de l’article 40). « Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procedé que ce soit, constituerait donc une «contrefaçon sanctionnee par les articles 425 et suivants du Code Pénal». ..a. @ 0.RS.T.O.M. 1975 ISBN Z-7099-0377-6 Reynaldo de la PAZ ** SYSTÉMATIQUE ET PHYLOGENÈSE DES SPARIDAE DU GENRE DIPLODUS RAF., (Pisces, Teleostei) * * Ce texte constitue l’essentiel du Mémoire présenté à l’université de Paris VII, le 8 octobre 1973, pour I’obtcntion du Doctorat de Troisième Cycle. ** Instructor of Zoology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, D-505 ; Boursier du Gouverncmcnt ~K\W çais (1970-1973). RÉSUMÉ Ceci est la première révision globale du genre Diplodus. Dix-neuf (19) taxons sont formellement reconnus, rangésen espècesprincipales et secondaires,et classesselon les principes de la systématiquephilo- génétique (sensu Henning, 1966). Les différencestaxinomiques ont été testéessur ies variations statistiques affectant les caractéresméristiques et métriques, par les param&res t et F. Les similitudes taxinomiques sont reconnues d’aprésles caractéristiquesde la coloration et de la denture, révéléespar l’analyse de stades ontogénétiquescorrespondants. La phylogénie du groupe est reconstituée d’aprèsl’évolution de la coloration et de la denture. Une structure phylogénétique du type mosaïqueest supposéepour laquelle on invoque le principe d’hétérochro- nie (de Beer, 1929) comme mécanismeévolutif. Du point de vue chronologique, il.est supposeque le genre a eu son origine et sa différenciation primaire dans la région Méditerranée-Atlantique oriental. Toutes les autres espècesdu genre (désignéesici comme espècessecondaires) qui se trouvent dans les régions de l’Atlantique central et occidental, de l’Océan Indien et de la Mer Rouge, sont présuméesdérivées de l’espèce polytypique D. sargus par ségrégationgéographique. SUMMARY This is the first global revision of the ,genusDiplodus. Nineteen (19) taxa are formally recognized, arranged into principal and secondary species-groupsand classified in accordancewith the principles of phylogenetic systematics(Henning, 1966). Taxonomie differenceswere tested in terms of statistical varia- tions affecting the meristic and metric characters,using t and F parameters.Taxonomie resemblencesare recognized in terms of the coloration and denture bauplan, asrevealed by ontogenetic correspondence. The phylogeny of the group is reconstructed from the inferred evolution of coloration and denture. The phylogenetic structure is of the mosaic type, for which the evolutionary mechanism invoked is de Beer’s (1929) principle of heterochrony. From the chorological standpoint, it is suggestedthat the genus had its origin and primary differentiation in the Mediterranean-EastAtlantic region. Ail other known species of the genus (here considered as ((secondaryspecies») occurring in outlying regions (West and Central Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Red Sea) are believed to be descendedfrom the polytypic speciesD. sargus : speciation by colonization. 5 TABLE DES MATIERES Résumé .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 9 1 - DIPLODUS ANNULARIS (Linné, 1758) et DIPLODUS BELLOTTII (Steindachner, 1882). 1 - Historique ......................................................................................................................... 11 2 - Liste des exemplairesexaminés ....................................................................................... 12 3 - Coloration ......................................................................................................................... 14 4 . Denture .............................................................................................................................. 15 5 - Caractèresméristiques ..................................................................................................... 17 6 - Proportions du corps ....................................................................................................... 20 7 - Discussionet Conclusion ................................................................................................. 22 II - LES DIPLODUS DU GROUPE VULGARIS-PRAYENSIS 1 . Systématique ..................................................................................................................... 25 2 - Liste des exemplairesexaminés ....................................................................................... 28 3 . Coloration ....................................................................................................................... 29 4 . Denture ............................................................................................................................. 32 5 - Caractèresméristiques ....................................................................................................... 32 6 . Proportions du corps ....................................................................................................... 33 7 . Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 34 III - LES DIPLODUS DU GROUPESARGUS 1 - Systématique ................................................................................................................... 37 2 - Liste ,desexemplaires examinés ........................................................................................ 44 3 - Coloration ...................................................................................................................... 47 4 - Denture ............................................................................................................................ 49 5 - Caracteresméristiques ..................................................................................................... 53 6 - Proportions du corps ....................................................................................................... 54 . 7 - Le principe d’hétérochronie (De Beer, 1929) et le polymorphisme du Sargue : discussion 55 8 . Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 56 7 IV - DIPLODUS X . ..... 57 1 - Liste des exemplairesexaminés I.........~...........,................................................................ 59 2 - Coloration .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. t . .. .:: ,.......:. .. l..;.........................:. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 3 - Denture . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..*.................................................. 59 4 - Caractèresméristiques . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..~~...............~....~..............................60 5 - Proportions du corps .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 6 - Conclusion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. : .. .. .. .. .. ...’. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 V - DIPLODUS PUNTAZZO (Cetti, 1777) 1 - Liste des exemplaires examinés ...................................................................................... 63 ....................................................................................................................... 64 2 - Coloration : ” 3 . Denture .......................................................................................................................... 64 4 - Analyse des variations des caractèresnumériques et des.proportions du corps ..... ......... 66 5 -
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