DOCSLIB.ORG

Advanced Power Electronic Interfaces for Distributed Energy Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Advanced Power Electronic Technical Report NREL/TP-581-42672 Interfaces for Distributed March 2008 Energy Systems Part 1: Systems and Topologies W. Kramer, S. Chakraborty, B. Kroposki, and H. Thomas NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Advanced Power Electronic Technical Report NREL/TP-581-42672 Interfaces for Distributed March 2008 Energy Systems Part 1: Systems and Topologies W. Kramer, S. Chakraborty, B. Kroposki, and H. Thomas Prepared under Task No. WW2C.1000 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) managed by Midwest Research Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC36-99GO10337. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission and pursuant to an M&O Contract with the United States Department of Energy (DOE). Neither Midwest Research Institute, nor the DOE, nor the California Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Midwest Research Institute, or the DOE, or the California Energy Commission. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of Midwest Research Institute, the DOE, or the California Energy Commission, or any of their employees, or the United States Government, or any agency thereof, or the State of California. This report has not been approved or disapproved by Midwest Research Institute, the DOE, or the California Energy Commission, nor has Midwest Research Institute, the DOE, or the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste List of Acronyms AC Alternating current ACE Area control error ACRDI Active clamp resonant DC-link inverter A/D Analog to digital AIPM Advanced integrated power module APEI Advanced power electronics interface BESS Battery energy storage system CAES Compressed air energy storage CAN Controller area network CCHP Combined cooling, heating, and power CHP Combined heat and power CPU Central processing unit CVT Continuously variable transmission DBC Direct-bonded copper DC Direct current DE Distributed energy DER Distributed energy resource DFIG Doubly-fed induction generator DG Distributed generation DSP Digital signal processing EMI Electro-magnetic interference EPS Electric power system ERCOT Electric Reliability Council of Texas FESS Flywheel energy storage system FOC Field oriented controlled FPGA Field-programmable gate array GTO Gate turn-off thyristors HC Harmonic compensator HFAC High-frequency AC HFLC High-frequency link converter IC Internal combustion IEEE Institute of electrical and electronics engineers IGBT Insulated-gate bipolar transistor IM Induction machine IPEM Integrated power electronics module ISO Independent system operator MCFC Molten carbonate fuel cell MCT MOS-controlled thyristors MPP Maximum power point MPPT Maximum power point tracking NEC National electrical code NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory PAFC Phosphoric acid fuel cell PCB Printed circuit board iii PCC Point of common coupling PDM Pulse density modulation PE Power electronics PEBB Power electronics building block PEM Proton exchange membrane PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PI Proportional-integral PIER Public interest energy research PLL Phase-locked-loop PM Permanent magnet PR Proportional resonant PV Photovoltaic PWM Pulse-width modulation RPLI Resonant-phase leg inverter RPM Revolutions per minute RPS Renewable portfolio standards SCR Silicon controller rectifier SKAI Semikron advanced integration SMES Superconducting magnetic energy storage SOC State-of-charge SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell SPWM Sine pulse-width modulation UC Ultra-capacitors UL Underwriters laboratories V2G Vehicle-to-grid VAR Volt-amperes reactive VFD Variable frequency drive VRB Vanadium redox battery VSI Voltage source inverter ZVS Zero voltage switching iv Executive Summary Several distributed energy (DE) systems are expected to have a significant impact on the California energy market in the near future. These DE systems include, but are not limited to: photovoltaics (PV), wind, microturbine, fuel cells, and internal combustion engines (IC engines). In addition, several energy storage systems such as batteries and flywheels are under consideration for DE to harness excess electricity produced by the most efficient generators during low loading. This harvested energy can be released onto the grid, when needed, to eliminate the need for high-cost generators. Inclusion of storage in the distributed generation system actually provides the user dispatchability of its distributed resources which generally are renewable energy sources, like PV and solar, having no dispatchability by their own. In the future, using hybrid electric vehicles along with the utility grid in the form of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and vehicle-to-grid systems (V2G) will be a very promising option to be included in the DE classification. All of these DE technologies require specific power electronics capabilities to convert the generated power into useful power that can be directly interconnected with the utility grid and/or that can be used for consumer applications. Because of the similar functions of these power electronics capabilities, the development of an advanced power electronic interface (APEI) that is scalable to meet different power requirements, with modular design, lower cost, and improved reliability, will improve the overall cost and durability of distributed and renewable energy systems. This report presents a summary providing a convenient resource to understand the current state-of-the art power electronic interfaces for DE applications. It also outlines the power electronic topologies that are needed for an advanced power electronic interface. This report focuses on commercially available DE systems and is organized into eight application-specific areas: • Photovoltaic Systems • Wind Systems • Microturbine Systems • Fuel Cell Systems • Internal Combustion Engine Systems • Battery Storage Systems • Flywheel Systems • Plug-In Vehicles. Different power electronics topologies are discussed for each of these DE systems and a generalized topology is selected for understanding the control design. An interesting section on plug-in hybrid vehicles is also included in the report that can help to explain the new vehicle technologies that are viable to be included in the DE framework. Figure ES-1 shows a general block diagram of general power electronics interface for use with DE systems and can be subdivided into four major modules. These include: the source input converter module, an inverter module, the output interface module, and the controller module. The blue unidirectional arrows depict the power flow path for the DE sources whereas the red arrows show the bidirectional power flows for the DE storages. The input converter module can be either used with alternating current (AC)
Recommended publications
  • Primary Energy Use and Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles

    Primary Energy Use and Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles

    Article Primary Energy Use and Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles Efstathios E. Michaelides Department of Engineering, TCU, Fort Worth, TX 76132, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The global market of electric vehicles has become one of the prime growth industries of the 21st century fueled by marketing efforts, which frequently assert that electric vehicles are “very efficient” and “produce no pollution.” This article uses thermodynamic analysis to determine the primary energy needs for the propulsion of electric vehicles and applies the energy/exergy trade-offs between hydrocarbons and electricity propulsion of road vehicles. The well-to-wheels efficiency of electric vehicles is comparable to that of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Heat transfer to or from the cabin of the vehicle is calculated to determine the additional energy for heating and air-conditioning needs, which must be supplied by the battery, and the reduction of the range of the vehicle. The article also determines the advantages of using fleets of electric vehicles to offset the problems of the “duck curve” that are caused by the higher utilization of wind and solar energy sources. The effects of the substitution of internal combustion road vehicles with electric vehicles on carbon dioxide emission avoidance are also examined for several national electricity grids. It is determined that grids, which use a high fraction of coal as their primary energy source, will actually increase the carbon dioxide emissions; while grids that use a high fraction of renewables and nuclear energy will significantly decrease their carbon dioxide emissions. Globally, the carbon dioxide emissions will decrease by approximately 16% with the introduction of electric vehicles.
  • A Review of Energy Storage Technologies' Application

    A Review of Energy Storage Technologies' Application

    sustainability Review A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration Henok Ayele Behabtu 1,2,* , Maarten Messagie 1, Thierry Coosemans 1, Maitane Berecibar 1, Kinde Anlay Fante 2 , Abraham Alem Kebede 1,2 and Joeri Van Mierlo 1 1 Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.A.K.); [email protected] (J.V.M.) 2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-485659951 or +251-926434658 Received: 12 November 2020; Accepted: 11 December 2020; Published: 15 December 2020 Abstract: Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar are frequently hit by fluctuations due to, for example, insufficient wind or sunshine. Energy storage technologies (ESTs) mitigate the problem by storing excess energy generated and then making it accessible on demand. While there are various EST studies, the literature remains isolated and dated. The comparison of the characteristics of ESTs and their potential applications is also short. This paper fills this gap. Using selected criteria, it identifies key ESTs and provides an updated review of the literature on ESTs and their application potential to the renewable energy sector. The critical review shows a high potential application for Li-ion batteries and most fit to mitigate the fluctuation of RESs in utility grid integration sector.
  • Bundled Procurement Plan

    Bundled Procurement Plan

    Rulemaking: 13-12-010 (U 39 E) Exhibit No.: Date: May 20, 2021 MAY 20, 2021 COMMISSION APPROVED VERSION PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY BUNDLED PROCUREMENT PLAN ORDER INSTITUTING RULEMAKING TO INTEGRATE AND REFINE PROCUREMENT POLICIES AND CONSIDER LONG-TERM PROCUREMENT PLANS PUBLIC VERSION BUNDLED PROCUREMENT PLAN PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 2014 BUNDLED PROCUREMENT PLAN ORDER INSTITUTING RULEMAKING TO INTEGRATE AND REFINE PROCUREMENT POLICIES AND CONSIDER LONG-TERM PROCUREMENT PLANS TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Sheet No. I INTRODUCTION 1 A. PG&E’s Procurement Goals 1 B. Overview of PG&E’s Planning, Procurement and 4 Scheduling/Bidding Activities 1. Planning 4 2. Procurement 5 3. Scheduling/Bidding 5 C. Overview of PG&E’s Bundled Procurement Plan 6 1. Section II – Statutory and Loading Order Requirements 6 2. Section III – Procurement Standards of Conduct 6 3. Section IV – Compliance Filings and Requirements and 6 Cost Recovery 4. Section V – Pre-Approval, Approval, and Filing 6 Requirements 5. Section VI – Process for Updates to the Bundled 6 Procurement Plan 6. Appendices 7 II STATUTORY AND LOADING ORDER REQUIREMENTS 7 A. Compliance With AB 57 7 B. Compliance With the Loading Order 8 1. Energy Efficiency 10 a. PG&E’s Long-Term Commitment to Energy 10 Efficiency b. PG&E’s 2013-2014 Programs 10 c. Post-2014 Programs 11 2. Demand Response 12 a. PG&E’s Adopted 2012-2014 Demand Response 13 Programs b. Regulatory Initiatives and 2015-2016 Bridge 14 Funding c. New Demand Response Programs and Pilots 14 -i- PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 2014 BUNDLED PROCUREMENTPLAN ORDER INSTITUTING RULEMAKING TO INTEGRATE AND REFINE PROCUREMENT POLICIES AND CONSIDER LONG-TERM PROCUREMENT PLANS TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Title Sheet No.
  • 2017 2030 a Forward Looking Primary Energy Factor for A

    2017 2030 a Forward Looking Primary Energy Factor for A

    A forward looking Primary Energy Factor for a greener European Future What is the Primary Energy Factor and why does it exist? The Primary Energy Factor (PEF) connects primary and final energy. It indicates how much primary energy is used to generate a unit of electricity or a unit of useable thermal energy. It allows for comparison between the primary energy consumption of products with the same functionality (e.g. heating) using different energy carriers (particularly electricity vs. fossil fuels). Electricity is a final energy carrier, produced from different primary energy sources like fossil fuels (gas, coal), nuclear and renewables (hydro, wind, solar). Currently a PEF of 2.5 is used as a “conversion factor" to express electricity consumption/savings in primary energy consumption/savings, regardless of the type of energy source used to produce it (also when the electricity comes from renewables). The current conversion factor implies that 1 unit of electricity requires an input of 2.5 units of primary energy. This assumes all power generation in the EU to have a 40% efficiency (100 / 2.5 = 40) – even non-dispatchable renewables from which energy is harnessed without the combustion of fuel. A PEF of 2.5 is too high and does not reflect the reality of power generation. The need to update the PEF to 2.0 The Commission has decided to review the PEF value and methodology in the Energy Efficiency Directive to better reflect the EU energy mix, in particular today’s share of renewable energy in electricity generation and its strong increase in the near future .
  • Modeling and Control of Distributed Energy Systems During

    Modeling and Control of Distributed Energy Systems During

    MODELING AND CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS DURING TRANSITION BETWEEN GRID CONNECTED AND STANDALONE MODES A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Md Nayeem Arafat August, 2014 MODELING AND CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS DURING TRANSITION BETWEEN GRID CONNECTED AND STANDALONE MODES Md Nayeem Arafat Dissertation Approved: Accepted: __________________________ __________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Yilmaz Sozer Dr. Abbas Omar __________________________ __________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Tom Hartley Dr. George K. Haritos __________________________ __________________________ Committee Member Dean of Graduate School Dr. Malik Elbuluk Dr. George R. Newkome __________________________ __________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Ping Yi __________________________ Committee Member Dr. Alper Buldum ii ABSTRACT Distributed generation systems (DGs) have been penetrating into our energy networks with the advancement in the renewable energy sources and energy storage elements. These systems can operate in synchronism with the utility grid referred to as the grid connected (GC) mode of operation, or work independently, referred to as the standalone (SA) mode of operation. There is a need to ensure continuous power flow during transition between GC and SA modes, referred to as the transition mode, in operating DGs. In this dissertation, efficient and effective transition control algorithms are developed for DGs operating either independently or collectively with other units. Three techniques are proposed in this dissertation to manage the proper transition operations. In the first technique, a new control algorithm is proposed for an independent DG which can operate in SA and GC modes. The proposed transition control algorithm ensures low total harmonic distortion (THD) and less voltage fluctuation during mode transitions compared to the other techniques.
  • Energy and the Hydrogen Economy

    Energy and the Hydrogen Economy

    Energy and the Hydrogen Economy Ulf Bossel Fuel Cell Consultant Morgenacherstrasse 2F CH-5452 Oberrohrdorf / Switzerland +41-56-496-7292 and Baldur Eliasson ABB Switzerland Ltd. Corporate Research CH-5405 Baden-Dättwil / Switzerland Abstract Between production and use any commercial product is subject to the following processes: packaging, transportation, storage and transfer. The same is true for hydrogen in a “Hydrogen Economy”. Hydrogen has to be packaged by compression or liquefaction, it has to be transported by surface vehicles or pipelines, it has to be stored and transferred. Generated by electrolysis or chemistry, the fuel gas has to go through theses market procedures before it can be used by the customer, even if it is produced locally at filling stations. As there are no environmental or energetic advantages in producing hydrogen from natural gas or other hydrocarbons, we do not consider this option, although hydrogen can be chemically synthesized at relative low cost. In the past, hydrogen production and hydrogen use have been addressed by many, assuming that hydrogen gas is just another gaseous energy carrier and that it can be handled much like natural gas in today’s energy economy. With this study we present an analysis of the energy required to operate a pure hydrogen economy. High-grade electricity from renewable or nuclear sources is needed not only to generate hydrogen, but also for all other essential steps of a hydrogen economy. But because of the molecular structure of hydrogen, a hydrogen infrastructure is much more energy-intensive than a natural gas economy. In this study, the energy consumed by each stage is related to the energy content (higher heating value HHV) of the delivered hydrogen itself.
  • NASA Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology NRA Overview

    NASA Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology NRA Overview

    NASA Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology NRA Overview David J. Anderson NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135 216-433-8709, [email protected] Abstract. The focus of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Development program is aimed at developing nuclear power and technologies that would improve the effectiveness of space science missions. The Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology (RPCT) NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is an important mechanism through which research and technology activities are supported in the Advanced Power Conversion Research and Technology project of the Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems Development program. The purpose of the RPCT NRA is to advance the development of radioisotope power conversion technologies to provide higher efficiencies and specific powers than existing systems. These advances would enable a factor of 2 to 4 decrease in the amount of fuel and a reduction of waste heat required to generate electrical power, and thus could result in more cost effective science missions for NASA. The RPCT NRA selected advanced RPS power conversion technology research and development proposals in the following three areas: innovative RPS power conversion research, RPS power conversion technology development in a nominal 100We scale; and, milliwatt/multi-watt RPS (mWRPS) power conversion research. Ten RPCT NRA contracts were awarded in 2003 in the areas of Brayton, Stirling, thermoelectric (TE), and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power conversion technologies. This paper will provide an overview of the RPCT NRA, a summary of the power conversion technologies approaches being pursued, and a brief digest of first year accomplishments. RADIOISOTOPE POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY (RPCT) OVERVIEW The objective of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Development program is to develop nuclear power conversion technologies that would improve the effectiveness of space science missions.
  • Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource

    Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource

    INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric Power -- what is it? It=s a form of energy … a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water … winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Reclamation=s 58 powerplants throughout the Western United States produce an average of 42 billion kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the residential needs of more than 14 million people.
  • Total Energy Consumption by Fuel, EU-27

    Total Energy Consumption by Fuel, EU-27

    EN26 Total Primary Energy Consumption by Fuel Key message Fossil fuels continue to dominate total energy consumption, but environmental pressures have been reduced, partly due to a significant switch from coal and lignite to relatively cleaner natural gas in the 1990s. The share of renewable energy sources remains small despite an increase in absolute terms. Overall, total primary energy consumption increased by an average of 0.6 % per annum during the period 1990-2005 (9.8 % overall) thus counteracting some of the environmental benefits from fuel switching. Rationale The indicator provides an indication of the environmental pressures originating from energy consumption. The environmental impacts such as resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutant emissions and radioactive waste generation strongly depend on the type and amount of fuel consumed. Fig. 1: Total energy consumption by fuel, EU-27 1800 1600 1400 1200 Renewables Nuclear 1000 Coal and lignite Gas 800 Oil 600 400 Million tonnes of oil equivalents 200 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Data source: EEA, Eurostat (historic data) 1. Indicator assessment Total primary energy consumption in the EU-27 increased by 9.8 % between 1990 and 2005. Over the same period, the share of fossil fuels, including coal, lignite, oil and natural gas, in primary energy consumption declined slightly from 83 % in 1990 to 79.0 % in 2005, although fossil fuel consumption increased in absolute terms (by more than 4 %). The use of fossil fuels has considerable impact on the environment and is the main cause of greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Wide-Area Time-Synchronized Closed-Loop Control of Power Systems

    Wide-Area Time-Synchronized Closed-Loop Control of Power Systems

    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-10-2016 Wide-Area Time-Synchronized Closed-Loop Control of Power Systems And Decentralized Active Distribution Networks Mehmet Hazar Cintuglu Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001202 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Power and Energy Commons, and the Systems and Communications Commons Recommended Citation Cintuglu, Mehmet Hazar, "Wide-Area Time-Synchronized Closed-Loop Control of Power Systems And Decentralized Active Distribution Networks" (2016). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3031. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3031 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida WIDE-AREA TIME-SYNCHRONIZED CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS AND DECENTRALIZED ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING by Mehmet Hazar Cintuglu 2016 To: Interim Dean Ranu Jung College of Engineering and Computing This dissertation, written by Mehmet Hazar Cintuglu, and entitled Wide-Area Time- Synchronized Closed-Loop Control of Power Systems and Decentralized Active Distribution Networks, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Kemal Akkaya _______________________________________ Berrin Tansel _______________________________________ Arif Sarwat _______________________________________ Ismail Guvenc _______________________________________ Mark J.
  • Causes, Effects and Solutions for Poor Electrical Quality of Supply in Power Systems

    Causes, Effects and Solutions for Poor Electrical Quality of Supply in Power Systems

    QualityEskom of supply The means to safe, reliable and sustainable operations Causes, effects and solutions for poor electrical quality of supply in power systems Provision of electricity supply These effects via the network can, in turn, cause severe disturbances within businesses and other neighbouring electricity customers. Most renewable energy sources, process equipment and electro-technologies have elements of instant or In today’s global society the importance and necessity of electricity as part of continuous uncontrollability at various levels, which influence the quality of the everyday life can’t be underestimated. Electricity is the driving force behind power supply if not addressed via technical solutions or by means of responsible various fields of human activity: engineering, communication and transport, connection methods. entertainment, health and more importantly it fuels technological development and transformation. It is almost impossible to imagine life without electricity. What is quality of supply It is therefore important to have a look at electricity power quality. Wikipedia describes electric power quality as follows: “Electric power quality, or simply power The misconception is that good power quality means a perfect wave form and/ quality, involves voltage, frequency, and waveform. Good power quality can be or uninterruptable power supply. defined as a steady supply voltage that stays within the prescribed range, steady AC frequency close to the rated value, and smooth voltage curve waveform Both of these are desirable, but only accounts for two dimensions of the (resembles a pure sine wave). Without the proper power, an electrical device (or power supply. A power supply performance as defined in the aforementioned load) may malfunction, fail prematurely or not operate at all“.
  • Power Electronics and Industrial Drives (4 Semesters) Regulations 2010 Sathyabama University Faculty of Electrical Engineering

    Power Electronics and Industrial Drives (4 Semesters) Regulations 2010 Sathyabama University Faculty of Electrical Engineering

    SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY (Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956) Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai - 119. SYLLABUS MASTER OF ENGINEERING PROGRAMME IN POWER ELECTRONICS AND INDUSTRIAL DRIVES (4 SEMESTERS) REGULATIONS 2010 SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS – 2010 Effective from the academic year 2010-2011 and applicable to the students admitted to the Master of Engineering / Technology / Architecture /Science (Four Semesters) 1. Structure of Programme 1.1 Every Programme will have a curriculum with syllabi consisting of theory and practical such as: (i) General core courses like Mathematics (ii) Core course of Engineering / Technology/Architecture / Science (iii) Elective course for specialization in related fields (iv) Workshop practice, Computer Practice, laboratory Work, Industrial Training, Seminar Presentation, Project Work, Educational Tours, Camps etc. 1.2 Each semester curriculum shall normally have a blend of lecture course not exceeding 7 and practical course not exceeding 4. 1.3 The medium of instruction, examinations and project report will be English. 2. Duration of the Programme A student is normally expected to complete the M.E/M.Tech./M.Arch/M.Sc Programme in 4 semesters but in any case not more than 8 consecutive semesters from the time of commencement of the course. The Head of the Department shall ensure that every teacher imparts instruction as per the number of hours specified in the syllabus and that the teacher teaches the full content of the specified syllabus for the course being taught. 3. Requirements for Completion of a Semester A candidate who has fulfilled the following conditions shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirement for completion of a semester.