DOCSLIB.ORG

Visual and Acoustic Communication in the Brazilian Torrent Frog, Hylodes Asper (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Author(S): Célio F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Visual and Acoustic Communication in the Brazilian Torrent Frog, Hylodes Asper (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Author(S): Célio F Herpetologists' League Visual and Acoustic Communication in the Brazilian Torrent Frog, Hylodes asper (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Author(s): Célio F. B. Haddad and Ariovaldo A. Giaretta Source: Herpetologica, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Sep., 1999), pp. 324-333 Published by: Herpetologists' League Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3893226 . Accessed: 24/01/2014 11:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Herpetologists' League is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Herpetologica. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 186.217.234.230 on Fri, 24 Jan 2014 11:44:35 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 324 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 55, No. 3 OKADA, Y. 1931. The Tailless Batrachians of the Jap- borea (L.). Pp. 295-4336. In D. H. Taylor and S. I. anese Empire. Imperial Agricultural Experiment Gutmann (Eds.), The Reproductive Biology of Am- Station, Nishigahara, Tokyo, Japan. phibians. Plenum Press, New York, New York, U.S.A. RYAN, M. J., A. S. RAND, AND L. A. WEIGT. 1996. UEDA, H. 1994. Mating calls of the pond frog species Allozyme and advertisement call variation in the distributed in the Far East and their artificial hy- tuingara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Evolution brids. Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Am- 50:2435-2453. phibian Biology, Hiroshima University 13:197-232. SAS INSTITUTE. 1988a. SAS User's Guide: Basics. ZHAO, E-M., AND K. ADLER. 1993. Herpetology of Version 6 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Car- China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and olina, U.S.A. Reptiles. Contributions to Herpetology 10:1-522. 1988b. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 6 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, U.S.A. SCHNEIDER, H. 1977. Acoustic behavior and physiology Accepted: 24 September 1998 of vocalization in the European tree frog, Hyla ar- Associate Editor: Richard Howard Herpetologica, 55(3), 1999, 324-333 C 1999 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc. VISUAL AND ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION IN THE BRAZILIAN TORRENT FROG, HYLODES ASPER (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) CELIO F. B. HADDAD13 AND ARIOVALDOA. GIARETTAA2 'Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, Sio Paulo, Brasil ABSTRACT: We studied the signaling, territorial, and courtship behaviors of the diurnal frog Hylodes asper. Visual and acoustic communication were used during intraspecific interactions in- volving males, females, and subadults. Hylodes asper has a complex visual communication system, of which foot-flagging is the most distinctive display observed in the repertoire of visual signals. The splash zone produced by the waterfalls and torrents creates a high, nearly constant, humidity near the streams, reducing the risk of desiccation which enables the diurnal activity of H. asper Although the ambient sound pressure levels (SPL), measured at the calling sites, are similar to the SPL of the advertisement calls, the high-pitched calls of H. asper are spectrally different from the noise produced by the water current. Thus, the ambient noise produced by the water current may not interfere significantly with the acoustic communication of this species. The noise and the nearly constant and high humidity produced by the torrents and waterfalls, along with the availability of light, probably favored the evolution of contrasting colors and visual communication in H. asper. Males of H. asper excavate underwater chambers that are probably used to shelter the eggs and to prevent the clutch from being drifted downstream. Key words: Hylodes asper; Anura; Hylodinae; Visual communication; Acoustic communication; Reproductive mode; Atlantic Forest; Southeastern Brazil AMONG amphibians, vocalization is munication by acoustic signals is effective highly developed in anurans, most species in several circumstances, including situa- of which have vocal structures capable of tions where vision is limited (Gerhardt, producing a variety of sounds that attract 1983). Acoustic communication must have mates, advertise territories, or express dis- been favored by the pump breathing tress (Duellman and Trueb, 1986). Com- mechanism (Duellman and Trueb, 1986) and by the nocturnal activity observed for the majority of anuran species. The 3 PRESENT ADDRESS: Departmento de Zoologia, In- evo- stituto de Biociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, lution of visual communication in some C.P. 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brasil. species of frogs has apparently been fa- This content downloaded from 186.217.234.230 on Fri, 24 Jan 2014 11:44:35 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions September 1999] HERPETOLOGICA 325 vored by the availabilityof ambient light h of observations, from March 1988- (Lindquist and Hetherington, 1996, and March 1994, from 0530-2000 h. The study references therein). Diurnal species of an- was conducted at Paranapiacaba, Munici- urans commonly use visual displays, ap- pio de Santo Andre (23047'S, 46018'W, 800 parently for communication (e.g., Durant m above sea level), and Picinguaba, Mun- and Dole, 1975; Wells, 1980), with limb icipio de Ubatuba (23023'S, 44?50'W, 50- signals being the most distinctive behavior 100 m above sea level), State of Sao Paulo, described (e.g., Davison, 1984; Harding, Brazil, in streams with waterfalls and ex- 1982; Heyer et al., 1990; Pombal et al., tensive rapids. 1994). The apparentuse of limb signals for Focal animal and all occurrence sam- visual communication in anuranshas been plings were used for behavioral records observed for the following genera: Brachy- (Lehner, 1979). Experimental manipula- cephalus (Brachycephalidae), Atelopus tions were restricte to the manual inser- (Bufonidae), Dendrobates (Dendrobati- tion of a mirror (15 x 10 cm) next to res- dae), Litoria (Hylidae), Hylodes (Lepto- ident males, to test the importance of vi- dactylidae), Taudactylus (Myobatrachy- sion during the territorial interactions. De- dae), and Staurois (Ranidae) (see revision scriptions of the behaviors are based on in Lindquist and Hetherington, 1996). In individuals observed and videotaped in the addition to these genera, leg signals are field. Individuals were not marked, but performed by males during territorial in- some of them were recognized in succes- natural teractions in two nocturnal species in the sive days by distinctive markings and color patterns. We recorded advertise- genus Phyllomedusa (Hylidae) (P. distinc- ment calls in a Nagra E tape recorder us- ta: Castanho, 1994; P. burmeisteri: obser- ing a Sennheiser ME 80 micro phone; oth- vations by C. F. B. Haddad). er vocalizations were recorde in a Sony The subfamily Hylodinae comprises TCM-74v tape recorder using a Sony car- frogs distributed among the genera Cros- dioid microphone. The sonograms were sodactylus, Hylodes, and Megaelosia. A produced in a Macintosh computer cou- great number of species in this subfamily pled to the MacRecorder Sound System is diurnal, and males of most species in the 2.0.5, using 8 bit resolution, 22 kHz sam- genera Crossodactylus and Hylodes have pling frequency, and FFT with 256 points. loud bird-like voices (Vielliard and Car- For the statistical analysis of the results, doso, 1996; Weygoldt and Carvalho e Sil- we used the Mann-Whitney rank sum test, va, 1992); Megaelosia is apparentlyvoice- with a = 0.05 (Zar, 1996). less (Giaretta et al., 1993). Although some species of Hylodinae are common along RESULTS small forest streams in south and south- Hylodes asper was acoustically active in eastern Brazil, little is known about their all months, showing a peak in activity dur- reproductive behavior (Heyer et al., 1990; ing the rainy season (October-March). Weygoldt and Carvalhoe Silva, 1992). Hy- During the night, males, females, and ju- lodes asper, which has a distribution from veniles of H. asper were observed resting south to southeastern Brazil, occurring in crevices or on branches and leaves up from Santa Catarina to Rio de Janeiro to 1.0 m above the ground, near streams. (Frost, 1985), is known for displayingboth Tadpoles were observed performing feed- acoustic signals and apparentvisual signals ing activities during the day and at night near mountain streams (Heyer et al., 1990; in the streams. Males started to emit ad- Hodl et al., 1997). In the present study, vertisement calls during sunrise and we describe the signaling, territorial,nest stopped during sunset. The communica- tion of H. and courtship behaviors of this asper is based on visual and building, acoustic signals, as described below. diurnal frog. Visual Communication Performed by MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated Males The behaviors of H. asper were studied During the day, males defended during 18 visits, totaling 45 days and 112 emerged rocks and logs as territories, used This content downloaded from 186.217.234.230 on Fri, 24 Jan 2014 11:44:35 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 326 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 55, No. 3 We quantified the foot-flagging behavior of 11 calling males and observed that both left and right legs are used with similar frequencies (the right leg was used 71 times and the left leg was used 89 times); however, they were not used with regular alternation. The males may call without any observable movement of the limbs (n = 58 calls for 11 observed males). Some- times the foot-flagging display (26 obser- vations for eight males) and the move- ments of the toes (27 observations for two males) were performed by males that were not calling. We observed subtle, but ap- ment call. Note the inflated vocal sacs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • February Newsletter
    Systematic Innovation e-zine Issue 129, December 2012 In this month’s issue: Article – The Steak/Sizzle Paradox Article – Where To Innovate Plus Two “Ho, Ho, Ho, It’s Christmas” Patent of the Month – Bubble Launched Electro-Spinning Jets Best of The Month – No Man’s Land Investments – Atmospheric Photochemical Accelerator Generational Cycles – Protective Parenting In Extremis Biology – Rock Skipper Frog Short Thort News The Systematic Innovation e-zine is a monthly, subscription only, publication. Each month will feature articles and features aimed at advancing the state of the art in TRIZ and related problem solving methodologies. Our guarantee to the subscriber is that the material featured in the e-zine will not be published elsewhere for a period of at least 6 months after a new issue is released. Readers’ comments and inputs are always welcome. Send them to [email protected] 2012, DLMann, all rights reserved The Steak/Sizzle Paradox This month takes us back to our occasional series of articles looking at high-level organizational contradictions. We became minded to look at this one – the fight between steak and sizzle – following a series of comments from prospective new clients with a desire to do some ‘easy’ ‘innovation stuff’. Our initial response to the queries was, ‘sorry, we can’t help you’ (there is nothing quite so liberating as saying ‘no’ to someone!). Upon reflection, it provoked us to start re-using our old ‘innovation is hard, dummy’ aphorism. Another couple of weeks of incubation and we’re now left with the thoughts presented here. A really good way of presenting these kinds of high level contradiction is through the classic 2x2 management matrix.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Amolops from Thailand (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae)
    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 23: 727–732 (2006) 2006 Zoological Society of Japan A New Species of Amolops from Thailand (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) Masafumi Matsui1* and Jarujin Nabhitabhata2 1Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2National Science Museum, Technopolis, Klong 5, Klongluang District, Pathun thani 12120, Thailand We describe a new species of torrent-dwelling ranid frog of the genus Amolops from western to peninsular Thailand. Amolops panhai, new species, differs from its congeners by the combination of: small body, males 31–34 mm, females 48–58 mm in snout-vent length; head narrower than long; tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth in short, oblique patches; first finger subequal to second; disc of first finger smaller than that of second, with circummarginal groove; no wide fringe of skin on third finger; toes fully webbed; outer metatarsal tubercle present; supratympanic fold present; dor- solateral fold indistinct; axillary gland present; horny spines on back, side of head and body, and chest absent; large tubercles on side of anus absent; glandular fold on ventral surface of tarsus absent; nuptial pad and paired gular pouches present in male; white band along the upper jaw extending to shoulder absent; larval dental formula 7(4-7)/3(1). This new species is the second anu- ran discovered which has a disjunct distribution around the Isthmus of Kra. Key words: Amolops, new species, Southeast Asia, tadpole, taxonomy, zoogeography Ranong), which we describe below as a new species. INTRODUCTION Oriental ranid frogs related to Amolops Cope, 1865 MATERIALS AND METHODS (sensu lato) are characterized by their peculiar larvae, which A field survey was conducted in western and peninsular Thai- inhabit mountain torrents using an abdominal, suctorial disk land between December 1995 and January 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Unesp INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO       
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” unesp INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ZOOLOGIA) LEVANTAMENTO DA HERPETOFAUNA DO PARQUE NATURAL MUNICIPAL NASCENTES DE PARANAPIACABA, SANTO ANDRÉ, SP Vivian Carlos Trevine Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Setembro - 2011 Vivian Carlos Trevine Levantamento da Herpetofauna do Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Orientador: Prof. Dr. Hussam El Dine Zaher Rio Claro 2011 Vivian Carlos Trevine Levantamento da Herpetofauna do Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro,Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Comissão Examinadora ____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Rio Claro, 30 de agosto de 2011. Se um dia eu enxerguei mais longe, foi por estar de pé sobre ombros de gigantes. Isaac Newton AGRADECIMENTOS A Hussam Zaher pela oportunidade de trabalhar no MZUSP, pela orientação, paciência e por todo o apoio no desenvolvimento do mestrado. A Célio F. B. Haddad por possibilitar o financiamento das viagens de campo (proc. Fapesp 2008/50928-1), imprescindível para a realização deste trabalho, e também pela hospitalidade em Rio Claro e acesso à coleção CFBH.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Length of Hylodes Cf. Ornatus and Lithobates Catesbeianus Tadpoles
    Body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles, depigmentation of mouthparts, and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis are related Vieira, CA.a,b, Toledo, LF.b*, Longcore, JE.c and Longcore, JR.d aLaboratório de Antígenos Bacterianos II, Departamento Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil bMuseu de Zoologia “Prof. Adão José Cardoso”, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083‑970, Campinas, SP, Brazil cSchool of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469 USA d151 Bennoch Road, Orono, Maine 04473 USA *e‑mail: [email protected] Received November 28, 2011 – Accepted March 16, 2012 – Distributed February 28, 2013 (With 1 figure) Abstract A fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which can cause morbidity and death of anurans, has affected amphibian populations on a worldwide basis. Availability of pure cultures of Bd isolates is essential for experimental studies to understand the ecology of this pathogen. We evaluated the relationships of body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to depigmentation of mouthparts and determined if dekeratinization indicated an infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. A strong association existed for both species, one from South America (Brazil: São Paulo) and one from North America (USA: Maine). We believe it prudent not to kill adult amphibians if avoidable, thus obtaining tissue for isolating Bd from tadpoles is reasonable because infected specimens of some species can be selectively collected based on depigmentation of mouthparts. Keywords: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, depigmentation, Hylodes cf. ornatus, Lithobates catesbeianus, tadpole. Tamanho do corpo, despigmentação das partes bucais e presença de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis estão relacionados em Hylodes cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Ecology and Conservation of Frogs in Urban Habitats of South Africa
    Frogs about town: Aspects of the ecology and conservation of frogs in urban habitats of South Africa DJD Kruger 20428405 Thesis submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Zoology at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof LH du Preez Co-supervisor: Prof C Weldon September 2014 i In loving memory of my grandmother, Kitty Lombaard (1934/07/09 – 2012/05/18), who has made an invaluable difference in all aspects of my life. ii Acknowledgements A project with a time scale and magnitude this large leaves one indebted by numerous people that contributed to the end result of this study. I would like to thank the following people for their invaluable contributions over the past three years, in no particular order: To my supervisor, Prof. Louis du Preez I am indebted, not only for the help, guidance and support he has provided throughout this study, but also for his mentorship and example he set in all aspects of life. I also appreciate the help of my co-supervisor, Prof. Ché Weldon, for the numerous contributions, constructive comments and hours spent on proofreading. I owe thanks to all contributors for proofreading and language editing and thereby correcting my “boerseun” English grammar but also providing me with professional guidance. Prof. Louis du Preez, Prof. Ché Weldon, Dr. Andrew Hamer, Dr. Kirsten Parris, Prof. John Malone and Dr. Jeanne Tarrant are all dearly thanked for invaluable comments on earlier drafts of parts/the entirety of this thesis. For statistical contributions I am especially also grateful to Dr. Andrew Hamer for help with Bayesian analysis and to the North-West Statistical Services consultant, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Publications Plant Health Inspection Service 2012 Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) Christina A. Olson Utah State University, [email protected] Karen H. Beard Utah State University, [email protected] William C. Pitt National Wildlife Research Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Olson, Christina A.; Beard, Karen H.; and Pitt, William C., "Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)" (2012). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 1174. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/1174 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)1 Christina A. Olson,2 Karen H. Beard,2,4 and William C. Pitt 3 Abstract: The greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, is a direct- developing (i.e., no aquatic stage) frog native to Cuba and the Bahamas. It was introduced to Hawai‘i via nursery plants in the early 1990s and then subsequently from Hawai‘i to Guam in 2003. The greenhouse frog is now widespread on five Hawaiian Islands and Guam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Amphibians of São Paulo State, Brazil Amphibians of São Paulo Biota Neotropica, Vol
    Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Santos Araújo, Olívia Gabriela dos; Toledo, Luís Felipe; Anchietta Garcia, Paulo Christiano; Baptista Haddad, Célio Fernando The amphibians of São Paulo State, Brazil amphibians of São Paulo Biota Neotropica, vol. 9, núm. 4, 2009, pp. 197-209 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199114284020 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no. 4 The amphibians of São Paulo State, Brazil amphibians of São Paulo Olívia Gabriela dos Santos Araújo1,4, Luís Felipe Toledo2, Paulo Christiano Anchietta Garcia3 & Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad1 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, CP 199, CEP 13506-970, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia “Prof. Adão José Cardoso”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, Rua Albert Einstein, s/n, CEP 13083-863, Campinas, SP, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 4Corresponding author: Olívia Gabriela dos Santos Araújo, e-mail: [email protected] ARAÚJO, O.G.S., TOLEDO, L.F., GARCIA, P.C.A. & HADDAD, C.F.B. The amphibians of São Paulo State. Biota Neotrop. 9(4): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v9n4/en/abstract?inventory+bn03109042009.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hylodes Magalhaesi: Leptodactylidae) Infected by Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis: a Conservation Concern
    Copyright: © 2006 Toledo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4(1):17-21. Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI: 10.1514/journal.arc.0040017 (7300KB PDF) A Brazilian anuran (Hylodes magalhaesi: Leptodactylidae) infected by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: a conservation concern L. F. TOLEDO1,5, C. F. B. HADDAD1, A. C. O. Q. CARNAVAL2,3, AND F. B. BRITTO4 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Unesp, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Caixa Postal 199, CEP 13506-970, BRAZIL 2The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA 3Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 4Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Unesp, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Caixa Postal 199, CEP 13506-970, BRAZIL Abstract.—Several studies have associated the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis with anuran population declines worldwide. To date, the fungus has been found in Africa, the Americas, Australia, and Europe. However, it has never been reported to occur in the Atlantic forest or Brazil. Based on morphologi- cal, histological, and molecular data, we encountered evidence of B. dendrobatidis infection in a high-altitude stream-dwelling Brazilian anuran species, Hylodes magalhaesi (Leptodactylidae). One population (Municipality of Camanducaia, State of Minas Gerais) was surveyed from 2001 to 2005. Tadpoles lacking teeth were observed and collected in 2004. Histological and molecular analyses identified infection by B. dendro- batidis. Although infected tadpoles seem nowadays to co-exist with the disease, our results are alarming due to the highly endangered situation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest and its fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Giant Torrent Frog, Genus Megaelosia, from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Espı´Rito Santo, Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)
    Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 453–460, 2003 Copyright 2003 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles A New Species of Giant Torrent Frog, Genus Megaelosia, from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Espı´rito Santo, Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) 1 2 3 JOSE´ P. P OMBAL JR., GUSTAVO M. PRADO, AND CLARISSA CANEDO Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil ABSTRACT.—Herein is described a new species of leptodactylid frog from Pedra Azul, Municipality of Domingos Martins, State of Espı´rito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The new species is a member of the genus Megaelosia, and is characterized by large size; fold of fifth toe not reaching outer metatarsal tubercle; snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view; tympanum moderately small; finger tips with scutes fused to the subunguis and toe tips with a pair of scutes free of the subunguis; dorsal skin texture smooth; skin of the flanks without large granules; belly and throat predominantly gray with many, small yellow blotches; and distinct bilateral vocal sacs in males. The tadpole is described. The new species is the northern limit for the genus Megaelosia, and reinforces the high endemism and richness of the anuran fauna from Santa Teresa region, State of Espı´rito Santo, Brazil. The subfamily Hylodinae Gu¨ nther, 1859 MATERIALS AND METHODS (Leptodactylidae) is composed of three genera: Specimens used in the description or examined Crossodactylus Dume´ril and Bibron, 1841; Hylodes for comparisons are housed in the Adolpho Lutz Fitzinger, 1826; and Megaelosia Miranda-Ribeiro, collection, deposited in Museu Nacional, Rio de 1923 (Lynch, 1971; Frost, 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Métodos De Amostragem Da Herpetofauna: Algumas Dicas E Orientações Para Estudantes E Profissionais Com Pouca Ou Nenhuma Experiência De Campo
    MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM DA HERPETOFAUNA: ALGUMAS DICAS E ORIENTAÇÕES PARA ESTUDANTES E PROFISSIONAIS COM POUCA OU NENHUMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE CAMPO. Pedro Costa Diniz¹ Ricardo Oliveira Latini² RESUMO Em pesquisas e muitos estudos de fauna são necessárias coletas de dados em campo para a geração de informações, sobretudo os diagnósticos de espécies. A definição e execução de métodos de amostragens da fauna são de extrema importância para a coleta de dados e para a geração de informações que visem à conservação de espécies e a minimização das ameaças à diversidade biológica. Muitos estudos, não apresentam resultados confiáveis, o que pode estar associado à baixa qualidade de profissionais disponíveis no mercado e uma grande demanda de trabalhos de campo. Outro fator que pode influenciar bastante, é a feitura de estudos e pesquisas totalmente relacionadas à inventário e monitoramento de fauna, sendo feita por profissionais que não se encaixam no perfil, mas que podem exercer a mesma função de um biólogo, tais como engenheiros florestais, engenheiros ambientais, zootecnistas, entre outros. Esse trabalho visa descrever alguns métodos de amostragem da herpetofauna, apresentando dicas e informações que contribuam com a execução de pesquisas em campo. Para isso foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e compilados os métodos disponíveis nos artigos triados. Foram selecionados e descritos sete métodos de amostragem da herpetofauna. Inicialmente, foram apresentadas algumas informações gerais que dizem respeito à etapa prévia às atividades de campo e, em seguida, uma descrição dos métodos de amostragens geralmente utilizados para a realização de estudos da herpetofauna. É esperado que os resultados apresentados nesse estudo contribuam com o planejamento e execução de estudos da herpetofauna por profissionais e estudantes 1 - Graduando em Ciências Biológicas pelo Centro Universitário Metodista Izabela Hendrix.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Signaling in Anuran Amphibians
    .. Hödl, W. and Amezquita, A. (2001). Visual signaling in anuran amphibians. In: Anuran communication, (M.J. Ryan, ed.). .. Smithsonian lust. Press, Washington. Pp. 121-141. 10 WALTER HÖDL AND ADOLFO AMEZQUITA Visual Signaling in Anuran Amphibians lntroduction cation. social behavior, or natural history. visual signaling was either not considered or was treated as a minor subject Acoustic communication plays a fundamental role in an- (Wells 1977a, 1977b; Arak 1983; Duellman and Trueb 1986; uran reproduction and thus is involved in evolutionary Rand 1988; Halliday and Tejedo 1995; Stebbins and Cohen processes such as mate recognition. reproductive isolation. 1995; Sullivan et al. 1995). The most detailed review ofthe speciation. and character displacement (Wells 1977a. 1977b. subject is now more than 20 years old (Wells 1977b). Never- 1988;Rand 1988;Gerhardt and Schwartz 1995;Halliday and theless some authors have discussed the possible evolution- Tejedo 1995;Sullivan et al. 1995).Visual cues. however. have ary link between visual signaling and the reproductive ecol- been thought to function only during dose-range inter- ogy of species, such as reproduction associated with streams actions (Wells 1977c; Duellman and Trueb 1986). Visual sig- (Heyer et aI. 1990; Lindquist and Hetherington 1996. 1998; naling is predicted to be predominantly employed by diur- Hödl et al. 1997;Haddad and Giaretta 1999) or reproduction nal species at sites with an unobstructed view (Endler 1992). within feeding territories (Wells 1977c). Diurnality. however. is not common for the majority offrog Our aim in this review is (1) to propose a dassmcation of species. Thus vocalizations. which are highly efficient for reported behavioral patterns of visual signaling in frags; (2) communicating at night or in dense vegetation, are by far to describe the diversity of visual signals among living an- the best studied anuran signals (Duellman and Trueb 1986; uran taxa; and (3) to apply a comparative approach to explor- Fritzsch et aI.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List 8(1): 102-111, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution
    Check List 8(1): 102-111, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Frogs and toads of the Pedra Azul–Forno Grande PECIES S Biodiversity Corridor, southeastern Brazil OF Rachel Montesinos 1*, Pedro L.V. Peloso 2, Diogo A. Koski 3, Aline P. Valadares 4 and João Luiz Gasparini 5 ISTS L 1 Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Caixa Postal 74524. CEP 23851-970. Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. 2 Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology) and Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, 10024, NY, USA. Brazil. 43 CentroAssociação Universitário Educacional Vila de Velha Vitória – UVV. (AEV/FAESA), Rua Comissário Instituto José SuperiorDantas de de Melo, Educação. 21, Boa Rodovia Vista. CEP Serafim 29102-770. Derenzi, Vila 3115. Velha, CEP ES, 29048-450. Brazil. Vitória, ES, Vitória, ES, Brazil. *5 CorrespondingUniversidade Federal author: do [email protected] Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ecologia e Oceanografia. Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras. CEP 29075-910. Abstract: We conducted a long-term amphibian survey at the biodiversity corridor Pedra Azul-Forno Grande, in the mountain region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sampling was conducted from April 2004 to October 2009 and we registered 43 species. Two species (Dendropsophus ruschii and Megaelosia apuana) are included in the state list of threatened species and Scinax belloni is included in the IUCN/GAA list. We provide color photographs for most species found in the region.
    [Show full text]