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2 Religions and Religious Movements
ISBN 978-92-3-103654-5 Introduction 2 RELIGIONS AND RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS H.-J. Klimkeit, R. Meserve, E. E. Karimov and C. Shackle Contents Introduction ....................................... 62 RELIGIONS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN ENVIRONMENT ............. 67 Turkic and Mongol beliefs, the Tibetan Bon religion and shamanism ......... 67 Religion among the Uighurs, Kyrgyz, Kitan ...................... 69 MANICHAEISM AND NESTORIAN CHRISTIANITY ............... 71 Manichaeism ...................................... 71 Nestorian Christianity .................................. 75 Zoroastrianism ..................................... 78 Hinduism ........................................ 82 THE ADVENT OF ISLAM: EXTENT AND IMPACT ................ 83 NON-ISLAMIC MYSTIC MOVEMENTS IN HINDU SOCIETY .......... 88 The Hatha-yoga movement ............................... 89 The bhakti movement .................................. 90 Birth of the Sikh religion ................................ 91 Introduction (H.-J. Klimkeit) Although cultural and religious life along the Central Asian Silk Route was determined both by various indigenous traditions, including Zoroastrianism, and by the world 62 ISBN 978-92-3-103654-5 Introduction religions that expanded into this area from India and China as well as from Syria and Per- sia, we can detect certain basic patterns that recur in different areas and situations.1 Here we mainly wish to illustrate that there were often similar geopolitical and social conditions in various oasis towns. The duality of such towns and the surrounding deserts, steppes and mountains is characteristic of the basic situation. Nomads dwelling in the steppes had their own social structures and their own understanding of life, which was determined by tra- ditions that spoke of forefathers and heroes of the past who had created a state with its own divine orders and laws. The Old Turkic inscriptions on the Orkhon river in Mongolia are a good case in point. -
Manichaean Networks
The Manichaean Church in Kellis Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Jason D. BeDuhn Dylan M. Burns Johannes van Oort Editorial Board A. D. Deconick – W.-P. Funk – I. Gardner S. N. C. Lieu – H. Lundhaug – A. Marjanen – L. Painchaud N. A. Pedersen – T. Rasimus – S. G. Richter M. Scopello – J. D. Turner† – F. Wursy Volume 100 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nhms The Manichaean Church in Kellis By Håkon Fiane Teigen LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Teigen, Håkon Fiane, author. Title: The Manichaean church in Kellis / by Håkon Fiane Teigen. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2021] | Series: Nag Hammadi and Manichaean studies, 0929–2470 ; volume 100 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021008227 (print) | LCCN 2021008228 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004459762 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004459779 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Manichaeism. | Manichaeans—Egypt—Kellis (Extinct city) | Kellis (Extinct city)—Civilization. Classification: LCC BT1410 .T45 2021 (print) | LCC BT1410 (ebook) | DDC 299/.932—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021008227 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021008228 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. -
Studies and Sources in Islamic Art and Architecture
STUDIES AND SOURCES IN ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE SUPPLEMENTS TO MUQARNAS Sponsored by the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. VOLUME IX PREFACING THE IMAGE THE WRITING OF ART HISTORY IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY IRAN BY DAVID J. ROXBURGH BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KÖLN 2001 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roxburgh, David J. Prefacing the image : the writing of art history in sixteenth-century Iran / David J. Roxburgh. p. cm. — (Studies and sources in Islamic art and architecture. Supplements to Muqarnas, ISSN 0921 0326 ; v. 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9004113762 (alk. papier) 1. Art, Safavid—Historiography—Sources. 2. Art, Islamic—Iran– –Historiography—Sources. 3. Art criticism—Iran—History—Sources. I. Title. II. Series. N7283 .R69 2000 701’.18’095509024—dc21 00-062126 CIP Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Roxburgh, David J.: Prefacing the image : the writing of art history in sixteenth century Iran / by David J. Roxburgh. – Leiden; Boston; Köln : Brill, 2000 (Studies and sources in Islamic art and architectue; Vol 9) ISBN 90-04-11376-2 ISSN 0921-0326 ISBN 90 04 11376 2 © Copyright 2001 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. -
Manichaean Art and Calligraphy Art and Calligraphy Played A
Manichaean Art and Calligraphy Art and calligraphyplayed a central role in Manichaeismfrom its inception in S. Baby- lonia in the third century until its final disappearancefrom South China in the sixteenth century. Mani, the founder of the sect, had anticipated the problems which his disciples might encounter in presenting his very graphic teaching on cosmogony to an average audienceby providing them with visual aids in the form of a picture book (Greek/Coptic: Ev'xwv,Middle Persia/Parthian:Ardahang, Chinese: Ta-men-ho-it'u).1 Since Mani had in- tended that the unique revelation he had receivedfrom his Divine Twin should be literally understood, an actual pictorial representationof the myth would serve to guard against al- legoricalinterpretation. The importancegiven to artisticendeavours in the early history of the sect is evident from accounts of its missionary activities. The first Manichaeanmis- sionariesto the Roman Empire were accompaniedby scribes (Middle Persian: dibtrin)and those who went with Mar Ammo to Abar.cahr(the Upper Lands) had among them scribes and a miniature painter / book illuminator (nibegan-nigär).2We also learn from a letter to Mar Ammo from Sisinnios,the archego.rof the sect after the death of Mani, that duplicate copies of the Ardahangwere being made at Merv in Khorasan.3The early Manichaeansalso devel- oped a special Estrangela script from the Aramaic script which was in use in and around Palmyra which gave the Manichaeantexts a unique appearance.This script was used for texts in Syriac, Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian and Old Turkish. No copies of the Ardahanghas survived the systematicdestruction of Manichaeanbooks by the sect's many opponents. -
Manichaeism As a Test Case for the Theory of Reception Timothy Pettipiece
Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 15:02 Laval théologique et philosophique A Church to Surpass All Churches Manichaeism as a Test Case for the Theory of Reception Timothy Pettipiece La théorie de la réception Résumé de l'article Volume 61, numéro 2, juin 2005 En vue de tester la viabilité de la théorie de la réception pour l’étude du manichéisme, cette étude examine comment l’effort manichéen d’établir des URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/011816ar liens culturels et linguistiques dans les milieux où s’exerça la mission DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/011816ar manichéenne n’a pas suffi à assurer le maintien de la Religion de Lumière. Le fait que Mani considérait sa révélation comme supérieure aux autres a au Aller au sommaire du numéro contraire empêché sa réception par les cultures chez lesquelles elle voulait être accueillie. Éditeur(s) Faculté de philosophie, Université Laval Faculté de théologie et de sciences religieuses, Université Laval ISSN 0023-9054 (imprimé) 1703-8804 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Pettipiece, T. (2005). A Church to Surpass All Churches : manichaeism as a Test Case for the Theory of Reception. Laval théologique et philosophique, 61(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.7202/011816ar Tous droits réservés © Laval théologique et philosophique, Université Laval, Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des 2005 services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. -
New Light on Manichaeism Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies
New Light on Manichaeism Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Stephen Emmel & Johannes van Oort Editorial Board H. W. Attridge – R. Cameron – A. D. DeConick W.-P. Funk – I. Gardner – C. W. Hedrick S. N. C. Lieu – P. Nagel – B. A. Pearson S. G. Richter – J. M. Robinson – K. Rudolph M. Scopello – W. Sundermann – G. Wurst VOLUME 64 New Light on Manichaeism Papers from the Sixth International Congress on Manichaeism Organized by The International Association of Manichaean Studies Edited by Jason David BeDuhn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Manichaeism (6th : 2005 : Flagstaff, Ariz.) New light on Manichaeism : papers from the sixth International Congress on Manichaeism ; organized by the International Association of Manichaean Studies / edited by Jason David BeDuhn. p. cm. — (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean studies) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-17285-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manichaeism—Congresses. I. BeDuhn, Jason. II. Title. III. Series. BT1410.158 2005 299’.932—dc22 2008050516 ISSN 0929-2470 ISBN 978 90 04 17285 2 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
5988 Aram 16 07 Durkin
ARAM, 16 (2004) 95-107 D. DURKIN-MEISTERERNST 95 THE PARTHIAN mwqrˆnyg bˆsˆÌ (Turfan Collection, Berlin, M4a I V 3-16).1 DESMOND DURKIN-MEISTERERNST (Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften) The Turfan fragment M4a I V 3-16 contains a hymn in Parthian. Though short it is preceded and followed by captions, which would suggest that it is complete. MÜLLER published it in 1904 and LIDZBARSKI 1918 conjectured on the basis of the metrics, the structure of the text and a particular play of words that it must have had an Aramaic original, which he reconstructed. The text poses a number of interesting problems and puzzles, which now, more than 80 years after Lidzbarski’s perspicacious article, we can view in the light of more material than was available then.2 But does this bring us nearer to solutions? We will here look at 1: the text, structure and meaning of the hymn, 2: the title, and 3: the speaker, the language and the possible origin of the text. 1. THE TEXT, STRUCTURE AND MEANING OF THE HYMN Transliteration of the text3: 3/ nysˆrˆd mwqrˆnyg bˆsˆ 4/ ˆbjyrwˆng {snwhrg hym 5/ cy ˆc bˆbyl zmyg 6/ wyspryxt hym °° wyspryxt 7/ hym ˆc zmyg bˆbyl ˆwd 8/ pd rˆstyft br ˆwystˆˆd 9/ hym °° °° srˆwg hym ˆbjyrwˆng 10/ cy ˆc bˆbyl zmyg frnft 11/ hym °° frnft hym ˆc zmyg 12/ bˆbyl kw xrwsˆn xrws pd 13/ zmbwdyg °° °° ˆw {smˆ yzdˆn 14/ pdwhˆm hrwyn bgˆn hyrzydw 15/ ˆw mn ˆstˆr pd ˆmwjdyf† °° 16/ hnjft mwqrˆnyg bˆsˆÌ 1 W.Sundermann kindly read a draft of this article and discussed many points with me. -
Was the Religious Manichaean Narrative a Mythical Narrative? Some Remarks from the Perspective of Andrzej Wierciński's Defini
Studia Religiologica 49 (2) 2016, s. 119–131 doi:10.4467/20844077SR.16.008.5229 www.ejournals.eu/Studia-Religiologica Was the Religious Manichaean Narrative a Mythical Narrative? Some Remarks from the Perspective of Andrzej Wierciński’s Definition of Myth Mariusz Dobkowski Abstract Many specialists in Manichaeism wrote after World War II about the religious Manichaean narra- tive as a myth or a mythology. In this paper I examine whether the Manichaean narrative actually meets the criteria of definition of myth. This question is also worth asking because some scholars emphasise the monosemic character of the mentioned narrative. The definition of myth which I use is that of Andrzej Wierciński (1930–2003), a Polish anthropologist of religion. Among my reasons for choosing this is because it includes as many as nine features of myth and also refers to scien- tific narrative, which by its nature has one level of meaning. I refer this definition, above all, to Manichaean evidence in the Coptic language, but when the need arises I also invoke other sources, both polemical and apologetic. Key words: Manichaeism, myth, Andrzej Wierciński The main reason why I decided to address this issue is the observation that since the mid-twentieth century almost all scholars specialising in Manichaeism have univer- sally talked about the doctrine of “the religion of Light” as a myth or a mythology. For example, in 1949 Henri-Charles Puech wrote these words about the doctrine of Manichaeism in his monograph on this religion: “en fait, malgré toutes ses ambi- tions, dans Manichéisme comme dans tout gnosticisme, cette science qui se croit pure Raison se résout en mythes”.1 Then, in 1998 Manfred Hauser titled his extensive es- say, which reconstructs religious Manichaean narrative on the basis of the discovery from Medinet Madi, “The Manichaean Myth According to The Coptic Sources”.2 And finally, in the most recent monograph on “the religion of Light”, by Nicholas 1 H.-C. -
Not to Hide a Light Under a Bushel: Manichaean Missionary Practices in the Roman West
Not to Hide a Light Under a Bushel: Manichaean Missionary Practices in the Roman West By Kenneth Lai Religious Roots of Europe University of Helsinki 19 October 2017 Lai 2 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Faculty Theology Writer Kenneth Wenchen Lai Title of thesis Not to Hide a Light Under a Bushel: Manichaean Missionary Practices in the Roman West Discipline Religious Roots of Europe (RRE) Type of thesis Month and year Number of pages Master’s October 2017 112 Abstract The details of the mission of Manichaeism—a religion that rose out of a Jewish-Christian milieu in Roman Babylonia in the 3rd century CE—emerge from both polemical sources and genuine Manichaean sources, the latter of which have been greatly expanded in the past century with a number of discoveries. This thesis presents a comparative study that critically evaluates the sources for and identifies the practices of the Manichaean mission in the Roman West between the 3rd century CE, when the religion was founded, and the 6th century CE, when the religion was persecuted off the face of the Western Roman Empire. By comparing the corpus of Augustine (who was himself a Manichaean for 9 years) and Manichaean sources, the thesis identifies a total of eight Manichaean practices that can be tied to the Roman West: (1) the undertaking of polemical treatises and doctrinal debates; (2) the command of a broad range of languages; (3) exegesis of the New Testament to unearth Manichaean beliefs; (4) the comparison of Old and New Testament passages (= disputations) to demonstrate the falseness of the Old Testament, which no true Christian should believe in; (5) missions in the guise of merchant trade; (6) the appeal to similarities with the disciples of Jesus; (7) sensationalist appeals to the appearances of poverty and association with women; and (8) the donation of children by lay Manichaeans to become missionaries. -
Manichaeism and Its Spread Into China
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 4-2002 Manichaeism and its Spread into China Jennifer Marie Dan University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Dan, Jennifer Marie, "Manichaeism and its Spread into China" (2002). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/529 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Appendix E - UNIVERSITY HONORS PROGRA_lYI SENIOR PROJECT - APPROVAL College: I\("t~~ bc.\4rl~ Depanment: C \ Q ~ ~ i. Co :. r have reviewed this completed senior honors thesis with this student and certify that it is a project commensurate with honors level undergraduate research in this field. - \ '""' ) .A, ' Signed: ___1._----_-- ---=1.:....'..,:/_• ....:'-::..,./ _.::::---:....-_________• Faculty Mentor General Assessment - please provide a short paragraph that highlights the most significant features of the project. Comments (Optional): This project pursues Jennifer's recondite interest in the ancient dualistic religion of Manichaeism, known to most of us only through St. Augustine. Jennifer shows a command of appropriate bibliography and strong synthetic ability in presenting a picture of Mani and of his teachings. Jennifer further describes precisely the spread of Manichaeism to China along the Silk Road. -
I Cristiani Religioni
O P E R A O M N I A VOLUME I JULIEN RIES I CRISTIANI E LE RELIGIONI di fronte e attraverso Jaca Book EDITORIALE Ogni volta che abbiamo deciso Un’Opera Omnia in questi quarant’an- ni di storia della Jaca, è stata sempre una grande emozione. L’emozione piena per vero la si ha non nel decidere la riedizione di un classico antico o scomparso da alcuni decenni, ma nel caso in cui si propone a un autore di organizzare lui stesso la sua Opera Omnia. Così fu con de Lubac e Balthasar, che risposero alla proposta prepa- rando lo schema di ciò che volevano mantenere e conservare della loro opera. A dire il vero de Lubac prima aprì un armadio e disse: «È qui», poi disse che si sarebbe messo a lavorare. Con Julien Ries l’idea è nata in modo del tutto naturale dopo anni di lavoro e collaborazione, sino a sbocciare quasi come un evento inevitabile. L’antropologia del sacro, la storia delle religioni, il dialogo interreligioso e la teologia delle religioni sono una delle ragioni d’essere del lavoro edito- riale di Jaca Book, che Ries ha accompagnato per anni. Ma Ries non è stato solo autore negli ambiti sopra citati; è stato anche un grande editore e organizzatore di seminari e colloqui con rispettive pub- blicazioni. Le edizioni di «Homo Religiosus», create da Ries a Louvain-la- Neuve e proseguite fino ad oggi con pubblicazioni presso Jaca Book e Brepols, restano un pilastro per gli studi di storia delle religioni e di antro- pologia del sacro. -
The Merchant's Tale
on e The Merchant’s Tale nanaivandak, 730–751 The country of Samarkand is about 500 miles in circumference and broader from east to west than from north to south. The capital is six miles or so in circumference, completely enclosed by rugged land and very populous. The precious merchandise of many foreign countries is stored here. The soil is rich and produc- tive and yields abundant harvests. The forest trees afford thick vegetation and flowers and fruit are plentiful. Shen horses are bred here. The inhabitants’ skill in the arts and trades exceeds that of other countries. The climate is agreeable and temperate and the people brave and energetic. Xua nza ng, Buddhist Records of the Western World, AD 6461 It was the year 751 by the western calendar, 134 by Islamic reckoning, the second year of the reign of al-Saffah, the first of the Arabic Abbasid cal- iphs and the Byzantine Carolingian emperors, and the ninth in the Tianbao (Heavenly Riches) reign period of the Tang-dynasty emperor Xuanzong in China. The merchant Nanaivandak was from Samarkand, a city-state for- merly independent but now, since the advance of the Arab-led armies east of the Amu Darya (Oxus river), under the rule of the caliphate.2 He had traveled for nearly a year from Samarkand, over the towering Pamir mountains, and along the fringes of the Taklamakan desert to Chang’an, the capital of Tang- dynasty China.3 Nanaivandak’s family hailed from the town of Panjikant, about forty miles east of Samarkand in the region known as Sogdia.4 The Arab armies coming from the west referred to Sogdia as “the land beyond the Oxus,” or Transoxania.