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Africa, South Africa, & Genocides

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Africa, South Africa, & Genocides Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________ Regents Review Ms. Carey Africa Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. Mention Africa in polite company, and those around you may grimace, shake their heads sadly,and profess sympathy. Oh, all those wars! Those diseases! Those dictators! Naturally, that attitude infuriates Africans themselves, since the conventional view of Africa as a genocide inside a failed state inside a dictatorship is, in fact, wrong. The bane [misfortune] of Africa is war, but the number of conflicts has dwindled. Most of the murderous dictators like Idi Amin of Uganda are gone, and we’re seeing the rise of skilled technocrats who accept checks on their power and don’t regard the treasury as their private piggy bank. The Rwandan cabinet room is far more high-tech than the White House cabinet room, and when you talk to leaders like Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, you can’t help wondering about investing in Liberian stocks. — Nicholas d. Kristof, New York Times, Upfront Magazine, April 19, 2010 (adapted) Which statement is best supported by this passage? (1) The number of wars in Africa has grown. (2) African countries lack skilled technocrats. (3) Dictatorships are on the rise in Africa. (4) Some positive political changes are taking place in Africa. _______________________________________________________________________ A goal of both the Boxer Rebellion in China and the Mau Mau movement in Kenya was to (1) promote laissez-faire capitalism (2) end foreign control (3) develop modern industries (4) create a totalitarian state Which conclusion can best be supported based on the 2003 data shown on this map? (1) The Western Hemisphere has been hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS crisis. (2) China and Japan have more people living with HIV/AIDS than India and Thailand. (3) The number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the Middle East is declining. (4) Southern Africa faces serious population issues due to the number of people living with HIV/AIDS. _______________________________________________________________________ Early exploration of Africa by Europeans was hindered by the (1) lack of natural resources in Africa (2) alliances between African kingdoms (3) isolationist policies of European monarchs (4) many different physical features of Africa Which region was most affected by decisions made at the Berlin Conference of 1884? (1) Latin America (2) South Asia (3) East Asia (4) Africa After World War II, the boundaries of newly independent African countries were most often based on (1) existing ethnic settlement patterns (2) divisions imposed under European imperialism (3) mandates created under the United Nations (4) locations of oil resources Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three? (1) Rival tribal groups fought wars. (2) The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries. (3) Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented. (4) African economies became dependent on the sale of cash crops and raw materials. Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19th century over the control of land in South Africa? (1) German and French (2) Indian and Belgian (3) British and Boer (4) Ethiopian and Italian Much of which area of the world came under European colonial control in the 19th century? (1) Japan (2) Southwest Asia (3) Africa (4) Latin America Which statement best reflects an effect of imperialism in Africa? (1) Land was distributed equally between social classes. (2) Territorial divisions were primarily established using tribal boundaries. (3) Natural resources were exploited for the benefit of European powers. (4) Timbuktu became the center of great learning. Which situation was a result of the 1884 Berlin Conference? (1) Africa was divided without regard to ethnic groups. (2) Monarchies were restored throughout Europe. (3) The slave trade with South America was eliminated. (4) The League of Nations was formed. The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant because it (1) promoted Belgium as a world power (2) established rules for the European division of Africa (3) called for a war against England (4) ensured ethnic harmony in the Middle East What was a major reason European nations competed for control of Africa during the second half of the 1800s? (1) Africa had a wealth of natural resources. (2) Slave labor was needed in the Americas. (3) African nations offered religious and political freedom. (4) Europeans needed land for their excess population. In the struggle to gain independence for their countries, both Kwame Nkrumah and Ho Chi Minh relied on (1) nationalist sentiments (2) trench warfare (3) collective security agreements (4) nonviolent resistance Base your answer to the following question on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies Which claim is best supported by the evidence included in these maps? (1) Egypt and Ethiopia are no longer part of Africa (2) By 1980, most African countries became independent (3) By 1950, most of Africa was controlled by Russia or the United States (4) The Union of South Africa was renamed Namibia One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Kwame Nkrumah, and Ho Chi Minh are similar is that each leader (1) opposed the role of the Roman Catholic Church in politics (2) established the first democratic government in his country (3) fought to free his country from European control (4) embraced the principles of civil disobedience _______________________________________________________________________ Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies . … Once thought of as a model for other young African democracies, Nigeria has buckled under the weight of persistent enmities [hostilities] among four major tribes—the Moslem Hausas and Fulanis in the North, the Yorubas in the West and the clever Ibos in the East. In January 1966, five years after independence, a group led by Eastern army officers toppled the Northern dominated regime of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa and exposed the raw nerves of those ancient rivalries. Northerners countered with a coup that installed [General Yakubu] Gowon, and their pent-up fury exploded in the massacre of thousands of Ibos living in the North.… --- Time, June 9, 1967 41 This passage illustrates the impact ethnic loyalties can have on (1) maintaining colonial control (2) sustaining nonalignment (3) building national unity (4) preserving traditional religions _______________________________________________________________________ One way in which Miguel Hidalgo, Ho Chi Minh, and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that they all were (1) leaders of independence movements (2) communist dictators (3) enlightened despots (4) advocates of liberation theology Which area of the world was most directly affected by the decisions made at the Berlin Conference? (1) Africa (2) China (3) India (4) South America The primary goal of both the Indian National Congress in India and the Mau Mau movement in Kenya was to (1) establish military rule (2) colonize lands overseas (3) remove foreign control (4) achieve social equality The original goal of Pan-Africanism was to (1) demand democratic reforms (2) encourage ethnic rivalry (3) promote a united Africa (4) divide Africa into separate countries Base your answer to the following question on the poem below and on your knowledge of social studies. Colonizer’s Logic These natives are unintelligent — We can’t understand their language. Chinweizu (Nigeria) — Voices from Twentieth-Century Africa: Griots and Towncriers The “logic” of the colonizers described in this Nigerian poem reflects their: (1) utopian plan (2) educational goals (3) militaristic behavior (4) ethnocentric attitude _______________________________________________________________________ Which description of trade patterns best represents the relationship between Africa and Europe during the late 19th century? (1) Trans-Saharan trade caravans led by Europeans were the most profitable. (2) South Africa was of no interest to European traders. (3) Raw materials were shipped from Africa to European industries. (4) Rivers were the key highways connecting Europeans to much of the African interior. Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta were leaders of movements that were attempting to achieve: (1) nuclear disarmament (2) self-determination (3) pan-Africanism (4) collective security Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________ Regents Review Ms. Carey South Africa/Apartheid The South African government’s policy of racial separation between 1948 and 1994 was called (1) Pan-Africanism (2) democratization (3) apartheid (4) suffrage Which country is most closely associated with the terms pass laws, homelands, and white minority rule? (1) El Salvador (2) South Africa (3) Iran (4) Israel The gathering at Amritsar (1919), the rallies in Soweto (1976), and the demonstrations in Tiananmen Square (1989) directly resulted in (1) rejection of Western ideas (2) promises of economic reform (3) movements toward democracy (4) violence against the protestors Which leader is most closely associated with Desmond Tutu and F. W. de Klerk? (1) Jomo Kenyatta (2) Kwame Nkruhmah (3) Nelson Mandela (4) Jawaharlal Nehru In the second half of the 20th century, what was one action taken by both Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu? (1) protesting against apartheid in South Africa (2) supporting the white government of Rhodesia (3) sending troops to liberate captives in Sudan (4)
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