Copyright © 2012 Lloyd Walter Grant All Rights Reserved. the Southern
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Copyright © 2012 Lloyd Walter Grant All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHURCH PLANTER PROFILES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Lloyd Walter Grant May 2012 APPROVAL SHEET THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHURCH PLANTER PROFILES Lloyd Walter Grant Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ J. D. Payne (Chair) __________________________________________ Timothy K. Beougher __________________________________________ Adam W. Greenway Date______________________________ To Kerri, my wife, who has sacrificed much so I could complete this program, to Zach, Josh, TJ, and Mikellie, for being wonderful gifts of God, and to those involved in church planting, thank you for serving our Lord, advancing the gospel, expanding, and extending His kingdom. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii PREFACE . ix Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose . 1 The Importance of Church Planting to the Great Commission . 4 The Need for Theological Analysis Related to Church Planting . 11 The Need for Leadership for Church Planting . 18 Methodology . 25 Conclusion . 28 2. HISTORY OF CHURCH PLANTER ASSESSMENTS . 29 The Development of Formal Assessment in World War I Germany . 29 Deployment of Assessment by British and American Military. 33 Assessment in Business . 37 Assessment in Education . 40 Assessment in Missions . 41 Assessment in Church Planting . 44 Prominent Profiles . 46 Lessons Learned about Assessment . 70 Conclusion . 76 iv Chapter Page 3. THE QUALIFICATIONS OF CHURCH LEADERS AND APOSTLES . 78 Qualifications of Church Leaders from the Pastoral Epistles. 78 Characteristics of the Office of Apostle . 113 Were There Apostles Beyond the Twelve in the New Testament? . 137 Potential Characteristics of Biblical Church Planting Apostles . 147 Validity of Apostles Today . 151 Conclusion . 161 4. THE MISSIONARY NATURE OF THE CHURCH AND LEADERSHIP . 162 The Theological Nature of the Church . 163 The Missional Church . 190 Missionary Nature of the Church and Leadership . 198 Conclusion . 206 5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROFILES . 208 The Ridley Profile . 209 The Thompson Profile . 218 The Wood Profile . 224 Additional Theological Analysis . 231 Conclusion . 242 6. CONCLUSION . 243 Answers to Research Questions . 243 Suggested Changes to Profiles . 250 Suggestions for Further Research . 252 Conclusion . 253 v Chapter Page Appendix OTHER CHURCH PLANTER PROFILES . 254 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 259 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Exact parallels between 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1 . 103 2. Conceptual parallels between 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1. 104 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Church planter performance wheel . 51 2. Church leader inventory . 62 3. Wood’s profile for first seven years . 69 4. Church planter performance wheel . 211 5. Church leader inventory . 219 6. Wood’s profile for first seven years . 226 viii PREFACE During the middle of my Master of Divinity program at Western Seminary, I began to pray about further education. That prayer was in part answered through completing the Master of Theology program at Western, but I still sensed the need or desire for further education. After praying for fourteen years, I told God that I was done praying. There were seemingly too many obstacles in the way. One year later, God began to open doors, and all the obstacles that I saw as barriers, God removed. I began the Ph.D. program awed by God’s goodness. This dissertation represents the conclusion of the doctoral program, but it does not represent the conclusion of being overwhelmed by God’s goodness. Participating in this cohort program has allowed me to begin relationships with men who have blessed me. I consider it an honor to have them as friends and co-laborers for Christ. These men have challenged me, encouraged me, loved me, and included me in their lives. I am grateful to God for them. The professors, especially Chuck Lawless and Timothy Beougher, helped me think with greater precision and write with improved clarity. Their passion for Christ and His mission has marked my life that I pray will be passed on to others. My supervisor, J. D. Payne, helped me see past my fears and hesitations to engage in God’s wonderful mission task of church planting. His encouragement was the stimulant that began this dissertation, and his support and correction helped bring it to completion. I believe I am a more useful servant because of these three professors’ investment in my life. ix Though my name appears on the title page, I am certainly not the only one who has worked and sacrificed in its production. Our four children, Zach, Josh, TJ, and Mikellie, allowed me to be away from home to study in Louisville and allowed me considerable time to do homework. My wife, Kerri, has carried additional responsibilities throughout this program. She has encouraged and admonished me when I felt like throwing in the towel. She has listened to me ramble and wrestle with ideas, and most of all she has prayed for me. Kerri is a vivid reminder of Proverbs 18:22. I am looking forward to the adventures God has in front of us. I have been blessed by God in many ways. I am humbled that He would invite me into a relationship with Him, and then call me to serve Him. I pray that the rest of my life will be an expression of 2 Corinthians 5:15. May my life point to Him, for from Him, and through Him, and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever. Amen. Lloyd W. Grant Sioux City, Iowa December 2011 x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Church planting has been an important tool God has used to further the Great Commission. A key component in church planting has been church planters. The furtherance of the Great Commission is, in part, influenced by the selection of church planters. This dissertation has been written to help with the selection of church planters. Specifically, the dissertation seeks to theologically analyze current church planter profiles, hoping that the analysis contributes to improvements to those profiles and the assessment processes which utilize the profiles. The cause of Christ has benefited from the use of these profiles over the last twenty-five years. This first chapter is an introduction to the theological analysis. The chapter begins with a statement of the purpose of the dissertation and the research questions that guided the analysis. The chapter also provides three overviews to introduce the reason for such a study. First, the importance of church planting to the Great Commission is discussed. Next, the need for theological analysis related to church planting is denoted. Third, the need of leadership for church planting is examined. In addition, the chapter reviews the research methodology deployed. Purpose The purpose of this dissertation is to do a theological analysis of three prominent church planter profiles. The analysis will seek to answer the following five questions: 1. How do the church planter profiles correspond to the qualifications Paul listed for church leaders in the Pastoral Epistles? 1 2. Are there unique traits of church planters that would correspond with characteristics displayed by apostles in the New Testament, and as such might be described as apostolic functions? 3. Are the right characteristics, skills, and gifts being assessed for, or are there other issues that need to be addressed? 4. How do the profiles address the need for the church planter to have a spiritually vital relationship with God? 5. How do the profiles reflect or assess the potential church planter with respect to the missionary nature of the church? Though a very long list of church planter profiles could be studied, this dissertation will be limited to three profiles. Those three profiles are the profile developed by Charles R. Ridley; the profile developed by J. Allen Thompson; and, the profile developed by a team led by H. Stanley Wood.1 The second chapter of the dissertation includes background information about each of these profiles. The Ridley Profile was selected for this study for three reasons. First, this profile was one of the first profiles developed for church planters. Second, it is perhaps the most widely used profile in church planter assessments and whether or not people use the label “Ridley’s 13 Characteristics,” this profile is what many people refer to when they speak of church planter assessments.2 It is common for networks or organizations 1Charles R. Ridley, How to Select Church Planters: A Self-Study Manual for Recruiting, Screening, Interviewing and Evaluating Qualified Church Planters (Pasadena, CA: The Fuller Evangelistic Association, 1988). J. Allen Thompson, “Church Planter Competencies as Perceived by Church Planters and Assessment Center Leaders: A Protestant North American Study” (Ph.D. diss., Trinity International University, 1995). J. Allen Thompson, Church Leader Inventory: A PCA Qualitative and Quantitative Study (Seattle: International Church Planting Center, 2007). H. Stanley Wood, ed., Extraordinary Leader in Extraordinary Times, Unadorned Clay Pot Messengers, vol. 1 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006). 2Ed Stetzer and Warren Bird, Viral Churches: Helping Church Planters Become Movement Makers (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010), 96. Ed Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches (Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 2006), 82. 2 that are developing their own assessment processes to start with Ridley’s original work.3 Third, when people speak of Ridley and his involvement in church planter assessments, they refer to Ridley with terms such as premier expert or guru.4 The Thompson Profile was also selected for three reasons. First, Thompson was involved with church planting in the Presbyterian Church of America when they called upon Thomas Graham to help them develop an assessment process.