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Cataloging for the 21st Century – Course 3 CONTROLLED VOCABULARY & THESAURUS DESIGN Instructor’s Manual Original course design by Rich Gazan University of Hawaii at Manoa Association for Library Collections & Technical Services Program for Cooperative Cataloging Available from LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGER'S LEARNING WORKSHOP THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR DOUBLE SIDED COPY Instructor Manual Cataloging for the 21st Century—Course 3 Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Table of Contents Course Introduction and Background Session 1 Types of Controlled Vocabularies Session 2 Vocabulary Terms & Lists Session 3 Term Selection/Format & Synonyms Session 4 Hierarchies Session 5 Associative Relationships & Thesauri Session 6 Display & Navigation Session 7 Planning & Maintenance Session 8 Resources & Future Directions Exercises Sample Front Matter Resources Bibliography Cataloging for the 21st Century i Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR DOUBLE SIDED COPY Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Course Introduction and Background Suggested activities for getting started (before beginning slide content): • Introduce instructor(s) and their professional background. • Ask each participant to introduce him/herself, his/her institution and position. Very brief, as there will be more sharing opportunities to come. • Go over with participants the contents of their manuals. • Point out the table of contents, course packet, examples, exercises and bibliography. • Discuss the planned timing for the two days, for sessions, exercises, breaks, lunch, etc. Possible icebreaker questions: •In one minute, describe either the best or worst web site you’ve used? Make sure to explain what about the web site made it deserve this rating. •Briefly describe your position within your organization. •In one or two minutes, tell us about something you enjoy collecting. If you can’t think of anything you currently collect, tell us about something you would like to collect if you had the time and money. Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-1 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Cataloging for the 21st Century: The five CE course components 1. MARC/AACR2 cataloging of electronic resources 2. Overview of basic concepts of 21st century bibliographic control, including specific metadata standards and applications 3. Thesaurus design principles, building a controlled vocabulary, and examination of selected controlled vocabularies 4. Digital library design, with a project-based component 5. Philosophy and approach to asset management for the 21st century, including evaluation skills 2 Background for this course: The third of five courses developed as as part of: Bibliographic Control of Web Resources: A Library of Congress Action Plan Action Item 5.3: Continuing Education (CE) Continuing Education Implementation Group (CEIG) Most organizations have, or are looking at developing, a collection of digital resources, often called a digital repository or digital library. The digital library often contains metadata, or information about objects or groups of objects in the repository. One component of the metadata usually includes (or should include) different sets of controlled terms. The Cataloging for the 21st Century courses support each area of development, from controlled vocabularies, to metadata, and finally the entire digital library. This course builds off of the basics of bibliographic control, metadata can be made more powerful through development of a controlled vocabulary, to conflate related terms and express hierarchical relationships between terms. This course is then built upon by the digital library design course, where they need to have all of the available organizational tools, including controlled vocabularies, available to design a digital library system. Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-2 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Cataloging for the 21st Century: CE course series objectives To equip catalogers to deal with new types of resources and to recognize their unique characteristics To equip catalogers to evaluate competing approaches to and standards for providing access to resources To equip catalogers to think creatively and work collaboratively with others inside and outside their home institutions To ensure that catalogers have a broad enough understanding of the current environment to be able to make their local efforts compatible and interoperable with other efforts To prepare catalogers to be comfortable with ambiguity and being less than perfect To enable practicing catalogers to put themselves into the emerging digital information environment and to continue to play a significant role in shaping library services 3 Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-3 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Goals for this course Understand this course as the third in a series of five courses for Cataloging in the 21st Century and see thesauri within a larger context of vocabulary control Understand and apply fundamental concepts of controlled vocabulary and thesaurus design, and why they are important Understand and apply diverse types of term relationships to structure descriptive terms Understand and apply both basic rules and best practices from existing thesauri to the construction and maintenance of thesauri and controlled vocabularies Develop a basis for exercising individual judgment for making thesaurus and controlled vocabulary decisions 4 These are some general overall goals for the 2-day workshop as a whole and what participants should take with them. Recommended Activity: Are there other general goals that participants have? What are they here for? What do they want to take with them? What do they want to get out of this 2-day workshop? Instructors may write student goals on a flip-chart and revisit them at the conclusion of the workshop at the end of Day 2. Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-4 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Course overview Session 1. Types of Controlled Vocabularies Session 2. Vocabulary Terms & Lists Session 3. Term Selection/Format & Synonyms Session 4. Hierarchies & Taxonomies Session 5. Associative Relationships & Thesauri Session 6. Display & Navigation Session 7. Planning & Maintenance Session 8. Resources & Future Directions 5 The course consists of 8 sessions to be covered over two days. One of the best ways to learn something is to do it, so part of this course is actually building parts of an actual thesaurus. We will be flexible with the schedule, adjusting it to explore areas this group is most interested in. However, if the schedule says it’s time for a break, or if you need one, make sure you let us know. Mention the ANSI/NISO standard if you have not already! Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-5 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Why Controlled Vocabularies? Goal of information retrieval systems: Efficient access to information Core problems: Within a domain: different terms with same meaning Between domains: same term with different meanings Other problems: Scalability: almost all IR research is based on small test collections or user communities User needs vary with time and subject domain Basic disconnect between indexer and user experience 6 As this is likely to be a cataloging group, you can ask them why subject headings are used rather than keyword search alone. Keyword searches are not sufficient for retrieval as the collection grows larger -- a problem of scalability. Another scalability problem -- Q.: How many words does the average U.S. high school graduate know (not including proper names, numbers, foreign words, etc.)? 45,000 Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-6 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Course Introduction and Background Who Controls Vocabularies? Information professionals Computer scientists, information scientists, librarians, linguists Designers vs. maintainers Which are you? What is your own interest in Controlled Vocabularies? 7 We need to stress the idea of a designer vs. maintainers. For the longevity of a thesaurus it is important to have a mixture of these types of people. Those who develop or maintain controlled vocabularies: Taxonomist Lexicographer Ontologist Thesaurus Builder Information Architect Those who apply terms from a controlled vocabulary: Indexer Cataloger Metadata Specialist Those who seek information using a controlled vocabulary (searcher, user). Each has a different view and need for words in retrieving information. Go around the room and have everyone say what their interest in this course is. Cataloging for the 21st Century Introduction-7 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR DOUBLE SIDED COPY Instructor Manual Session 1: Types of Controlled Vocabularies Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Types of Controlled Vocabularies Cataloging for the 21st Century 1-1 Course 3: Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Instructor Manual Session 1: Types of Controlled Vocabularies The Goal The goal of a controlled vocabulary is to facilitate
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