The Thesaurus Delineates the Standard Terminology Used to Index And

DOCUMENT RESUME

EC 070 639 AUTHOR Oldsen, Carl F.; And Others TITLr Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education, Second Edition. Special Education IMC/RMC Network. INSTITUTION Special Education IMC/RMC Network, Arlington, Va. SPONS AGENCY Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jul 74 NOTE 42p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$1.95 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Exceptional Child Education; *Handicapped Children; *Information Retrieval; *Instructional Materials; Instructional Materials Centers; National Programs; *Reference Books; *Thesauri

ABSTRACT The thesaurus delineates the standard terminology used to index and retrieve instructional materials for exceptional children in the Special Education Instructional Materials Center/Regional Media Centers Network. The thesaurus is presentedin three formats: an alphabetical listing (word by word rather than, letter by letter), a rotated index, and a listing by category.The alphabetical listing of descriptors provides definitions for all terms, and scope notes which indicate the scope or boundaries of the descriptor for selected terms. Numerous cross referencesare provided. In the rotated index format, all key words excluding prepositions and articles from single and multiword formlt, each descriptor has been placed in one or more of 19 categorical groupings. (GW) b4:1 R Special Education c. Network Instructional Materials Centers -7CEIMRegional Media Centers

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INSTRUCTIONAL THESAURUS FOR SPECIAL EpucATIo

SECOND EDITION July, 1974

Printed & Distributed by the CEC Information Center on Exceptional Children The Council for Exceptional Children 1920 Association Drive Reston, -Virginia 22091

Member of the Special Education IMC /RMC Network US Office of EducationBureau of Education for the Handicapped Special Education IMC/RMC Network

Instructional Materials Thesaurus

for

Special Education

Second Edition

July,1974

Thesaurus Committee

Joan Miller Virginia Woods Carl F. Oldsen, Chairman

Appreciationis extended to the following persons who assisted on a timely basis: Alexanwr Barnes, Carol Breuer, Sharon Milzareck, William Nelson, Carolyn Rude, Hugh Summer; and those individuals and agencies who have contributed their expertise in the continued development of this Thesaurus.

I i.IFORMATION CENTER STAFF: Mary L Gardner, Production Manager; Madeline Carver, Production Assistant The work presented or reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant from the Bureau ofEdraz.Qn for the Handicapped, US Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Ho-ue.rer,the. opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the US Office ofEd. ;41:0,1 and no official endorsement by the US Office of Education should be inferred. Instructional Materials Thesaurus

for Special Education

Second Edition

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Introduction

Preface iii How to Use the Thesaurus V

Sample Entry VI Alphabetical Arrangement 1 Rotated Arrangement 19

Categorical Arrangement & CategoryTitles 29

Training Terms 34

Descriptor Application Form 35 Introduction

The Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (BUD in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare WHEW) provided the basis for the development of the Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education. The thesaurus represents an effort to provide a useful tool for indexing and retrieving information relative to instructional materials used in the education of exceptional children and youth, including both handicapped and gifted. Although development of the thesaurus began in 1966 at the Michigan State University and University of Texas Special Education Instructional Materials Centers (SEIMC), BEII gave impetus to the formal development of a standardized thesaurus in the fall of 1971 through the Special Education Instruc- tionalMaterials Centers (1MC)/Regional Media Centers (RMC) Network and itsaffiliated centers: the Educational Media and Distribution Center, the National Center for Media and Materials forthe Handicapped, the American Printing House for the Blind Instructional Materials Reference Center, Regional Resource Centers and associate centers. At that time interested Network Centers wrote a series of Delphi papers that defined three major areas of workininformation systems development:thesaurus, common cataloging format, and classification-shelving system..

A committee was appointed to work in the area defined asthesaurusand met regularly during 1972 in order to consider input from all Network-related centers, to investigate known and suggested sources for a thesaurus and finally, to construct a thesaurus. The thesaurus prototype wasThe Thesaurus for Special Education Instructional Materials,which had been derived from thesauri used at the Michigan State University SEIMC, the New York State Education Depart- ment at Albany SEIMC, and the University of Texas SEIMC. The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Information Center was responsible for editing and distributing the prototype thesaurus. In January 1973, the Thesaurus Committee producedThe Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education, FirstEdition, which was given tacit approval by the Network Directors with the suggestion that the thesaurus be given wide distribution for comment and consideration. Accordingly, the thesaurus was sent to over three hundred agencies, centers, and state departments of special education for perusal. Comments returned expressed a high degree of acceptability and indicated interest in its further development and refinement.

In July, 1973, the Thesaurus Committee reconvened in order to further develop and refine the first edition of the thesaurus. A major change was incorporated at this time which resulted in limiting the Thesaurus to terms which describe child-use materials. The change thereby better reflected the revised Eitifi work scope. Work continued throughout 1973 and early 1974 to provide adequate definitions for all terms and to restructure the category listings resulting in this second edition.

A Thesaurus by its very nature is never finished and it is so for this one also. However, the compilers have made a sincere attempt to provide a useful tool and wish to solicit your comments as may be appropriate to increase its value through time and subsequent use. PREFACE

The Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education, Second Edition represents an attempt by the Special Education Instructional Materials Center (IMC)/Regional Media Centers (RMC) Network to clarify and standardize terminology used to index and retrieve instructional tnaterials for exceptional children and youth. This Thesaurus is for use by anyone who delivers instructional services to an exceptional child and who wants access to materials within the network that meet a specific instructional need of the child. Those materials used by the teacher and/or child interacting in the process of educational diagnosis, instruction, and evaluation are defined to be instructional materials. The terminology used to index and retrieve instructional materials consists of descriptors, which are words that designate a material or an attribute of the use of a material. Generally these descriptors are common nouns or function as nouns. Although many of the descriptors are selected from the Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, non-ERIC approved terms are also included when necessary to cover concepts relevant to instructional materials indexi'ig and retrieving. The second edition of the thesaurus contains primarilyinstructionalmaterialsdescriptors, although some professional materials terms designating materials to be used by the instructor only are entered in orderto fully index or retrieve a specific child-use material. Selection of descriptors reflecta choice of terms used most frequently in the field of special education, maintaininga teacher orientation since teachers are intended to constitute the majority of the thesaurus audience. Although the Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education is nota true thesaurus due to its selective nature, it will be referred to as a thesaurus.

The thesaurus is presented in three formats: an alphabetical listing (word by word, not letter by letter), a rotated index, and categories. The alphabetical listing of descriptors provides definitions for all terms and may also include a scope note which delineates the scope or boundaries of she descriptor. Numerous cross references are provided to alert indexers or searchers to other potentially useful, related terms. These cross references occur in four separate forms: see also, use, use for, and includes. See also is followed by a related descriptor; use refers to an approved descriptor instead of a similar word; use for designates the appropriate descriptor, and includes indicates those concepts that have been subsumed under the descriptor for expediency. See sample thesaurus entry on page vi.In order to avoid a cumbersome thesaurus format, cross references are provided only when terms may not occur automatically to the user. For example, the descr.ors Activity Books and Class Activities are cross referenced to each other because the two twscriptors are related in meaning and because one descriptor may not automatically bring to mind the other descriptor; however, the two descriptors Abacus and Mathematics are not cross referenced to each other since it is thought that the user will, in all probability, make the connection on his own.

The rotated index form and the categories are designed to further help the thesaurus user in making descriptor connections on his own. In the rotated index form, all key words, excluding prepositions and articles from single and multi-word descriptors, are listed alphabetically as headings. Descriptors file alphabetically under each of their component words, allowing for grouping of related terms which may be separated when alphabetized only under the first word in the phrase. For example, Physical Sciences is listed twice in the rotated arrangement, once under Physical with all other descriptors containing the word physical in any position, and once under Sciences, with all other descrir tors containing the word Sciences in any position.

Thy: nineteen categorical groupings of descriptors follow the rotated index and represent non- exclusive listings designed to aid the user by snowing him at a glance the related terms found in th.thesaurus. Each descriptor has been placed in one or more applicable categories. The category groupings are not meant to limit descriptor usage in any way but to expand the user's gasp of related terms.

The division of the thesaurus into these three sections is intended to help the indexeror searcher adequately index and/or retrieve information relative to instructional materials used in the education of exceptional children and youth. However, itis recognized that not all terms necessary to appropriately identify and retrieve these materials can be structured intoa selected thesaurus. Procedures are provided, therefore, to supplement descriptors withterms called identifiers.Identifiers may he needed by a particular center to providegreater specificity in such areas as foreign countries. nationalor ethnic groups, occupations, historical periods, or parts of speech. Guidelines for the creation of identifiers have been establishedto insure, as much as possible, a standardization of identifiersso that two indexers who create an identifier for the same name or concept will do so in a similarmanner. Suggested guidelines for insuring consistency in the creation of identifiers include the following:

I.Spell out the term in full; do not use an acronym orany variant spelling. For example, spell out Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; do notuse WISC.

iii 2. When entering an individual'sproper name, enter the last name first, followed by the first name. For example, enter Sigmund Freud in the followingmanner: Freud, Sigmund.

3. Eliminate commas, hyphens, periods, apostrophes,or other punctuation except where necessary for clarity. (This rule reflects thesaurus printing regulations.)

4.Omit initial words such asa, an or the in a multiword identifier, so that the identifier will be listed in an index under the first majorword of the term.

5. Although numerous nationalor ethnic groups are already included in the thesaurus, for creation of additonal ethnic terms, use the plural noun form. For example,use Romans or Poles, do not use Romanor Polish.

6. When describing an occupation, describe theperson who performs the occupation; do not describe.

Persons using the Thesaurus may becomeaware of changes that would add to the compre- hensiveness of this document.

A sample Descriptor Justification/Modification Form (DJ MF)has been included on page 35 of this document in order to provide a standardmeans for communicating these suggestions for change to the appropriate office. To establish generalneed for a change three DJMF's from independent sources are required. These forms must have similaror correlating information.

iv INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE THESAURUSWHEN

INDEXING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR SYSTEM ENTRY

Descriptors from the Instructional Materials Thesaurus oJr Special Education (1.M.T.S.E.) shail he assigned for each material indexed for system entry using the following general instructions:

1. Assigning Descriptors

a. Terms from the following areas must be assigned to each material. I.Content area(s): at least one general curriculum/content term should be assigned to the material (use Curricular-Category 3) 2. Skill areas appropriate within content areas: Determine Major skill(s)areas developed through use of the material and index only those which receive major emphasis. (Use Sensorimotor SkillsCategory 17 and SkillsCategory 18) 3. Grade, instructional and interest level: assign instructional level indicated by ublisher where possible. If material is applicableover a grade range, assign terms such as primary, intermediate, etc. as well as specific grade levels within those ranges. Where interest level differs from instructional level, both should he indicated. (Use Educational Levels/Interest Levels Category 4) 4. Input/Output Modes: Assign terms indicating the appropriate input andoutput modes required by the material. (Use Learning Modes Category I S) 5. Instructional Approaches, Teaching Methods: Index the particular approach the material presents for the content and skill area taught. For example, Develop- mental Approach,LinguisticallyBased,etc.(Use Instructional Approaches/ Teaching Methods Category 13) 6. Handicapping Conditions: Assign terms onlyifpublisher has specified that material was designed for that population. (Use Exceptionalities/Dysfunctions Category 8) 7. Format Terms: Assign one or more terms indicative of the format of the material i.e. puzzles, kits, etc., plus any terms which designate special physicalor organizational characteristics of the material i.e. large type, braille, left handed, etc. (Use Form/Format Nonprint Category 9, Form/Format Print Category 10, Instructional MaterialsCategory 14, Equipment Category 7) b. Terms from the remaining categories listed belowmay be assigned as needed to accurately index a material:

Behavioral lerms Category 1 Cognitive Prt,:esses Category 2 Educational Programs Category 5 Employment Preparation Category 6 Groups (Minority) Category 11 Human Development Category 12 Prevention/Rernediation/TherapyCategory 16 Tests/Evaluation Category 19

2. Cautionary Instructions

a. The indexer should not make judgments regarding applicability of the materialto content or skills areas other than those specified by the publisheror indicated as appropriate by available evaluation data. b. Where grade level indicated by publisherseems inappropriate, indexer may add cautionary note regarding, use. c. Where no grade level is specified by publisher, indexer shouldassign level based on information gained from valuation data and professional examination ofthe material. 3. Use of Identifiers

a. An identifier is a word not designated as a descriptor within the Thesaurus, but which may be necessary to appropriately index and retrieve an instructional material. Instruc- tions for creating identifiers are found in the Preface of the IMTSE. b. An identifier may be used to supplement descriptors inany category 1-19 in order to more clearly identify a material. c. The Descriptor Application/Modification Form contained in the IMTSE provides the methods for submitting an identifier for considerationas a descriptor. Sample Thesaurus Entries

"Term" Citizenship Study of duties, rights, and privileges of "Definition" people. See also Law k4ee also"

*Civics "Identifies" ifse"

Position Words se for material teaching position words "Usl for" and concepts.

Fantasy Fiction characterized by highly fanciful or supernatural events. Includes fables, fairy tales, folk tales and leg

"Includes" ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF DESCRIPTORS

Abacus Alphabetizing Art A device usedinperforming Sequential alphabeticalarrange- Study of any of the art forms. mathematicalcalculations by ment of information. See alsoArtPrints,Crafts, sliding counters along rods or in *Alphabetizing Skills Graphic Art.,Painting. Photog- grooves. Includes manuals which raphy, and Sculpture. Use Alphabetizing. teach use of the abacus. Art Prints Alphabets Abbreviations Reproductions of works of art. Materials which teach recogni- Shortened forms of words. Art Therapy *AbilityTests tion and information of letters of the alphabet. See alsoInitial Use of art materials in the treat- Use Performance Tests. Teaching Alphabet. ment and rehabilitation of the Abstract Reasoning American History handicapped,particularly the emotionally disturbed. The art of arriving at conclusions Field of study concerned with through the use of symbols or the recording atid critical inter- Articulation generalizations rather than con- pretation of past events in the Production of speech sounds. crete factual information. growth of the United States. *Assessment *Accident Prevention Anatomy Use Evaluation. Use Safety Education. PhyAological study of the human *Assistive and Adaptive Devices Achievement Tests body. See also Physiology. Use Adaptive Devices. Evaluative instruments designed *Animal Stories Associative Learning to measure knowledge,skills, Use Animals. understandings, in a given field. The establishment of functional Animals relationships between ideas, ob- Activity Books Animal stories or science materi- jects or experiences. Materials containing suggested als regarding anLnals. Association Tests classroom activities.See also Class Activities. Anthologies Any test designed to measure the nature or speed made in response Adaptive Devices Collections of selected writings of one or more authors. See also to stimuli. Materials to which modifications Astronomy have been or will be made to al- Adventure Stories,Literature, low use by the handicapped. Mystery Stories, and Poetry. Study of the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere. Addition Antonyms Attention Span Materials which teach the con- Words opposite in meaning. cept of addition. Materials designed to increase *Anxiety the period of concentration *AdultEducation on a Use Emotional Adjustment. particular task. Use Basic Adult Education. Attitude Tests Aperture Cards Adventure Stories A test to measure the emotional Stories dealing with danger and Cards with openings designed for or mental set or pattern of likes risk taking. mounting microfilm reproduction or dislikes of a particular group *Affection of documents. See also Micro- or individual. forms. Use Emotional Adjustment. Attitudes *Aggression Aphasia Materials which attempt to im- Includesacting outbehavior. Inability to comprehendor pro- part a social more'. See also Dis- Iie Emotional Adjustment. duce language. criminatory,andRacialAtti- tudes. Agriculture Application Forms Written materials which teach Audio Equipment Material dealing with farming Devices which provide auditory and farming communities. procedures utilized in filling out forms necessary for obtaining input or output. See also Audio- Alcoholism employment. visual Aids, Phonographs, and Materials providing information Tape Recorders. Aptitude Tests regarding the use of alcohol and Audio Tapes its effects. Evaluative instruments designed Magnetic tapes on which sound to indicate an individual's poten- *Alexia is recorded. tial ability for performance ofa Use Aphasia. particular type of activity. See Audiotape Flashcards Algebra also Interest Scales. A card to which a segment of magnetic Materials which teach thecon- *Arithmetic tapeisaffixedand cepts involved in algebra. Use Mathematics. which includes space for printed or braille messages or pictures.

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for SpecialEducation Audiovisual Aids Auditory Sequencing Bilingual Education Materials having auditory and Ability to identify and organize Teachingof regularschool visualcomponents. Seealso auditory stimuliin a temporal courses in both the t;ational lan- Audiotape Flashcards, Cap- order. See also Serial Orderiiii, guage and a second language. tioned Films, CaptionedFilm- Auditory Stimuli L..gaphies strips,Kinescope Recordings, Utilization of the learner's sense Account of a person's life writ- Kits, Projection Equipment, of hearing as the primary sensory ten by someone else. Realia, Video Tapes, and Film stimulus mode. Biology terms. Auditory Tests study of ;ife and life processes Auditory Any test designed to assess abili- including both plant and animal Materials which utilize the learn- ty to hear. Includes audiometric life. See also Anatomy, Botany, er's hearing as the primary sen- tests. Environmental Education, and sory learning mode. Auditory Training Insects. Auditory Acuity Instruction and practice in the Black History Materials intended to increase development and use of hearing Materials concerned with the his- the ability to respond to pure skills and auditory discrimination tory, traditions, and culture of tone audiometry within normal to enable an acoustically handi- the Negro. limits and to hear faint sounds at capped person to make maxi- Blacks all necessary pitches and fre- mum use of his residual hearing. Persons belonging to the Negro quencies. Auditory Visual Integration race. Auditory Attention Span Materials designed to increase Blends Materials designed to increase the ability to associate, organize, the ability Fusion of two or more letter to screen auditory and sequence meaningful units sounds in a word without the sensory impulses for a certain of auditory and visual input. length of time. identity of either sound being Autobiographies lost. See also Phonics. Auditory Closure Account of a person's life writ- Blind Materials designed to increase ten by himself. A person whose visual acuity in the ability to complete or recog- Balance the better eye is 20/200 or less nize the missing part when the auditory unit is incomplete. Attaining or maintaining a state after correction, or whose field of equilibrium. See also Kines- of vision is restricted to an angle Auditory Discrimination thetic Perception and Perceptual subtending an arc of 20 degrees Materials designed to increase Motor Learning. or less, or has no useful vision. the ability to identify and accur- *Basal Reading Series See also Visually Handicapped. ately choose between sounds of Use Developmental Reading. *Blind Deaf differentfrequency,intensity, Base Numbering Systems Use Deaf Blind. and pattern. Body Image Auditory Figure Ground Discrimi- Presents the concept and manipulation of number systems other conceptualreprrtientationof nation than base ten. one's own body :lerived from Materials designed to increase internal and external sensations, the abilityto isolate a single Basic Adult Education emotions, and fantasies related sound when more.hanone Organized educations; activities to orientation, movement, and sound is produced. des.bned to teacii basic skills. behavior. See also Self Concept. *Auditory Imagery li.cludes Continuing Education *Books and Adult Education. Use Auditory Memory. Use Activity, Braille, Children's, Behavior R ,iting Scales or Comic Books,Curriculum Auditory Learning Evaluative instruments provid- Guides, Dictionaries, Encyclo- Instructionwhichutilizesthe ing specific c. ?.stions regarding pedias, Manuals, Reference learners sense of hearing as the how an individual behaves in a Materials, Resource Guides, primary sensory stimulus mode. variety ofsituations,togettvir Talking Books, TeacherEdi- Auditory Memory with a framework specifying the tions, Textbooks, Workbooks, Materials designed to increase alternativesofresponse.See or Worktexts. the ability to recall auditory sti- also Rating Scales. *Boy Scouts muli correctly. Behavioral Objectives Use Scouting. Auditory Motor Integration Objectivesindicatingdesired Braille Materials designed to increase changesinbehaviorresulting A system of writing of printing the ability to associate, organize, from learning. for the blind which employs var- and sequence meaningful units Bibliographies ious standardized arrangements of auditory and motor input. Materials listed in 3 prescribed of raised dots. Auditory Perception manner. Braille Books Awareness of the elements of the Bibliotherapy Books transcribed into braille. environment throughauditory Technique of using reading mate- *Braille Materials sensation. rials to promote mental health. Use Tangible Apparatus.

2 July 1974 Braille Writing Devices list. *Cognitive Processes Instruments for the production Chemistry Use Abstract Reaso:ang, Memo- or embossing of braille dots or Study of composition, structure, ,y, and Convergent, Divergent, raised line drawings. properties, and reactions of mat- and Logical Thinking. *Brain Damage ter. Color Keyed Materials Use Minimal Brain Dysfunction. Child Care Format term indicating materials

Calendars . Materials which teach skills and which use color as a means of Chart which aids in the teaching attitudes necessary in caring for teaching certain concepts. of concepts of the days, months. children. Includes child rearing. Color Concepts weeks of the year. See also Sea- Child Development Understanding and naming of soils.Time Perspective,and Physical, emotional, social and colors and color matching. Time Telling. cognitive growth of the child. Comic Books Capitalization See also Cognitive. Emotional, Pictorial representation oflife Materials designed to teach the Language, Percept, ..;, Personali- situations and presentation of rules for beginning words with ty, Physical, and Social Develop- information in comic strip for- uppercase letters. See also ment. mat. Handwriting terms and Spelling. *Children's Books *Commuuication Skills Captioned Films Use Adventure Stories, Autobio- SeealsoLanguageDevelop- 8mm or16 mm films subtitled graphies,Biographies,Comic ment, Nonverbal Communica- with written dialogue, descrip- Books, Fantasy, Mystery Sto- tion, Speech, and Verbal Com- tion, or expl.mation. ries, Nursery Rhymes, and Sci- munication. ence Viction. Captioned Filmstrips Community Helpers Choral Reading 35 mm filmstrips subtitled with Materials about workers in the written dialogue, description, or Materials designed for oral, dra- community. matic reading by a group. explanation. Community Resources Citizenship *Cardinal Concepts Materials about organizations in Use Number Concepts. Study of duties, rights, and privi- the community-- including peo- Cards leges of people. See also Law. ple, places, and things. See also Aperture, Flash, arid Civil Liberties *Comprehension StoryCards,andAudiotape Refers to individual, human, or Use Listening or Reading Com- Flashcards. civil rights. prehension. Career Education *Claw; Activities Compressed Speech Development of career aware- Use Activity Books. Separating and transmitting ness rather than vocational Classification voice communicated words at skills. The act of ordering phenomena accelerated rates. Includes com- *Careers into groups, families, or systems pressed,frequencycontrolled Use Job, and Vocational terms on the basis of designated char- and time controlled speech. or Occupations. acteristics. Computations Cartoons Classroom Observation Tech- Manipulationofmathematical Pictorial representation of a life niques facts to solve problems. situation. Procedures which use systematic Computer Assisted Instruction *Cartridge Films observation to record and mea- Utilization of the computer asa sure Use Film Cartridges. ne, vehiclefordeliveringinstruc- *Cassettes *Closed Circuit Television tion. See also Programmed In- struction. Use Film or Tape Cartridges, or Use Televised Instruction. Conservation (Concept) Tape Cassettes. Closure Cerebral Palsy The processofcompleting a The concept that a factor such as quantity, weight, or volume re- Abnormal alteration of move- behavior or mental act. Clothing mains constant despite other re- ment or motor function arising lated changes. from a defect, injury, or disease Materials which show the influ- of the central nervous system. ence on dress by geography and *Conservation Education Charts culture. Use Environmental Education or Outdoor Education. Generic term for any systematic Cluttering arrangement of facts in graphic A speech disorder characterized Consonants or pictorial form. See also Expe- by essive rapidity of speech Any letter that is not a vowel. rience Charts. and indistinct enunciation. See also Final, Initial, and Medi- Checklists Cognitive Development al Consonants. List of items used to observe and F'rocess of human intellectual Consumer Education evaluate on which one may show growth. Study of intelligent and effective presence, absence, and frequen- *Cognitive Measurement methods of buying and using cy of occurrence of items on the Use Intelligence Tests. goods and services, competent

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 3 money management, and rela- to one culture than to another. Developmental Approach tionship of consumer to the eco- Curriculum Guides A sequence of instructional ac- nomic system. Teacher resourcematerialsin tivities designed to systematical- Context Clues which a particular courseof ly develop the skills and abilities Clues to the meaning of a word study is outlined with appropri- consideredessentialateach gained fromadjacentwords, ate activities and instructional grade level. the sentence, or the paragraph. materials. *Development& Programs See also Reading Comprehen- *Curriculum Materials Use Sequential Approach. sion. Use Instructional Materials. Developmental Reading Continents Cursive Writing Refers to reading instruction de- Refers to materials concerned Handwriting form characterized signed to develop systematically with the characteristics, bounda- by letters made with rounded the skills and abilities considered ries, population, location, etc., angles joined within the word to essential at each grade level; i.e., of the seven major land masses. give the appearance of flowing basal reading instruction. *Continuing Education lines. See also Handwriting. Diagnostic Tests Use Basi,! Adult Education. Custodial Mentally Handicapped Examination to determine spe- *Contracep rm IQ 0-25. cific strengths and weaknesses as a basis for remedial measures. Use Sexducation. Daily Living Skills See also Prognostic Tests. Convergent Thi, king Functional activities of daily life. Dictionaries Thoughtprocessinvolving z: See also Self Care Skills. search for the one right, best, or Materials produced in dictionary Deaf format. conventional answer to a prob- A person whose audiometric lem. assessment in the better -:ar indi- Dictionary Skills *Coordination cates a loss of approximately 80 Materials which explain the use Use Fine or Gross Motor Skills. decibels or more. of or present singular exercises for developing skill in the use of Core Vocabulary Deaf Blind the dictionary. That number of words (usually Having both hearing and vision Digraphs 100-300 words) which allows an so deficient as to be nonfunction- individual to communicate with- al for the ordinary purposes of Two letters which written togeth- in his environment. See also Pro- life. See also Multiply Handi- er represent a single sound, con- tective Vocabulary. capped. sonant or vowel. Correspondence Deaf Interpreting Dioramas Materials which teach' the cor- Process of acting as interpreter Three dimensionalrepresenta- rect form for various letters. to facilitate communications tion composed of various sym- bolic and real materials designed Counting between deaf and hearing persons. to produce a natural scenic ef- Assigning to every member of a fect. set a numeral in an ordered se- Decimals Diphthongs quence. Materials in mathematics which Two vowels which together rep- Crafts teach the concept of numbers subdivided into tenths or hun- resent one sound. Creative work done by hand with *Direction Following the aid of simple tools or ma- dredth units. Use Following Directions. chines. *Deductive Methods Creative Activities Use Logical Thinking or Scien- Directionality tific Method. inunder- Activities which involve original- Conceptsinvolved ity, expressiveness, and imagina- Delinquents standing the basic directions in the environment. See also Later- tion. Minors who have committed ality, Left to Right Progression, *Creati ie Writing. offenses against the law. See also Behavior. and Position Words. Use Writing Skills. Demography *Discovery Learning *Creativity The statistical study of human Use Experiential Method. Use creative activities. populations especially with ref- Discriminatory Attitudes erence to size, density, distribu- Cued Speech Materials concerned with an irra- Method of language learning for tion, and vital statistics. tional attitude of hostility direct- the deaf utilizing manual config- Dental Health ed against an individual, group, urations as a supplement to lip- Materials which present factual race, or their supposed charac- reading. information concerning the teristics. Use for prejudice. See Culture Free Tests health and hygiene of the teeth also Racial Attitudes. and mouth. Tests of generalabilityfrom *Discussion Groups Deserts which have been eliminated all Use Group Discussion. Regions rendered barren or par- items involving language, infor- Divergent Thinking mation, or skills based upon ex- tially barren by environmental periences that are more common extremes, especially low rainfall. Creative, imaginative, and flexi-

4 July 1974 ble thinking in which emphasis is Echolalia foreign language. upon variety,originality, and Enrichment abundance of ideas or answers, Involuntary and senseless repeti- rather than upon finding a single tion of words heard spoken by An educational method provid- correct solution. See also Crea- another person. ingadditionalexperiencesor tivity and Convergent Thinking. *Ecology new learning opportunities. frequently used to stimulate gifted Division Use Environmental Education. Economics students. Materials which teach the con- Environmental Education cept of division. Branch of social science dealing Study of ecological balances and Doman Delacato Method with the production, distribution, man's interrelationship with and Method of treatment which in- and consumption of goods and services. effect upon his environment. volvesneurologicalpatterning Seealso Consumer Education. Equipment based onexternallyimposed muscular activity. Educable Mentally Handicapped Hardwarematerialsgenerally used with a software component. *Dominance IQ50-75. *Education See also Audio Equipment, Au- Use Laterality. diovisual and Electromechani- Dramatics Use BasicAdultEducation, cal Aids, Mobility Aids, Projec- Activities in the creation, prepa- Consumer, Driver, Early Child- tionEquipment, and Sensory ration, and production of plays. hood, Family Life Education. Aids. see also Puppets, and Role Play- Outdoor, Physical, Prevocation- al, Erosion ing. Safety, Sex, Technical, or Vocational Education. The wearing away of land forms Drawing Educational Television by wind, water, glacial ice, or Art activity involving creating a other natural phenomena. representation of an object or Utilization of television asa ve- Eskimos event. hicle for delivering instructions. For closed circuit TV, use Tele- Materials concerning thecus- *Dressing vised Instruction. toms, crafts, and history of the Use Self Care Skills. *Electrical Stimuli Eskimos. *Ethics Drill Use Tactual Stimuli. Repetitive exercises in the per- Electricity Use Moral Values. formance of fundamental skills Ethnic Groups Materials which teach the con- for the purpose of improving Materials which deal with groups accuracy or speed. cept of electricity. Electromechanical Aids of specific national or racial ori- Driver Education gin. See also Blacks, Eskimos, Devices used by the handicapped Indians,MexicanAmericans, Instruction designed to develop to enable them to perform activi- proper attitudes, habits, skills, Orientals, Puerto Ricans, Minor- ties otherwise prohibited by their and background knowledge in ity Groups, and Cultural and handicap. See also Mobility and motorists. Racial terms. Sensory Aids. Evaluation Drug Education Emotional Adjustment Ability to judge, decide or test Information regarding the nature Materials which enhance an indi- the correctness or suitability of of drugs and the dangers inherent vidual's ability to deal with situa- information. in their improper use. tions in the environment. Experience Charts Duplicating Masters Emotional Development Printed or handwritten charts Preprinted master copies of ma- Changes inaffective behavior prepared bytheteacher and terials prepared for use on a du- with increasing maturity. based on some experience in plicating machine. See also Re- which children participate. producticMasters, Stencils. Emotionally Disturbed An individual habitually express- Experiential Method Early Childhood ing feelings which hurt himselfor Includes field trips and discovery Age range 2 to 3 years. others. learning in which the student Encyclopedias constructs the principle for him- Early Childhood Education self based upon his observations Instruction geared to the needs Materials produced in the format and experiments. of preschool age children. of encyclopedias. English Experiments Earth Sciences Materials involved with the trial Materials concerned with gram- Used to describe materials which mar, syntax, composition, and of planned procedures accompa- include essentially the geological nied by controlled conditions and capitalization. Use for Englishas observusion of results sciences concerned with the ori- a course of study in school. See for the purpose of discovering relation- gin, structure and physical phe- also Language terms and Litera- ships and evaluating hypotheses. nomena of the earth. See also ture. Geology, and Oceanography. See also Science. English (Second Language) Expressive Language *Eating Non English speaking students Abilitytoproducelanguage Use Self Care Skills. learning English as a second or meeting both structure (syntax)

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 5 and meaning (semantic) criteri- *Film Projectors mains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of the geologi- on. See also Receptive Language Use Projection Equipment. and Verbal Ability. cal ages. Films 8mm Fractions Extinction 8mm film, with or without sound, Arithmetic materials which teach Behavior extinguished by wit- may be reel-to-reel or cartridge, the concept of dealing with parts holding reinforcement. or uncased. See also Captioned of a whole. Eye Hand Coordination Films. Games Ability to coordinate the fun- Films 16mm tion of the eyes and the hands in Materials having specific rules 16 mm filmwith or without for play, which involve intellec- carrying out activities involving sound, may be reel-to-reel or car- tual or physical activity. See also the hands. See also Perceptual tridge. See also Captioned Films. Recreation, Sports, and Toys. Motor Learning and Visual Mo- Films Super 8mm tor Integration. Geography 8mm film with or without sound, Science of the earth, including a *Fables which requires use of a projector Use Fantasy. study of land, water, and air, the with super 8 capability. distribution of plant and animal Facts Films 35mm life, man and his industries, and Basic number combinations 35 mm film,with or without the interrelationship of these fac- needed to perform computation- sound, may be reel-to-reel or car- tors. See also Continents, De- al activities. tridge. See also Captioned Films. serts,Islands,Lakes,Moun- *Fairy Tales Films lips tains, Oceans. Use Fantasy. Mounted filmstrips. Geology Family Life Education *Filmstrip Projectors The science which deals with the Social studies or guidance mate- Use Projection Equipment. origin, history, and structure of the earth. See also Continents, rials dealing with family relation- Filmstrips ships and values. See also Sex Deserts,Erosion,Fossils,Is- Segments of 35 nlm film contain- Education. lands, Lakes, Minerals, Moun- ing photographs, diagrams, or tains, Oceans, Rocks. Fantasy other graphic matter prepared Fiction characterized by highly for stilt projection. See alsc Cap- Geometry fanciful or supernatural events. tioned Filmstrips. Materials which present the ba- Includes fables, fairy tales, folk sic concepts of shapes, lines, Final Consonants angles used in geometric calcula- tales, and legends. Materials that teach consonant *Fear tions. sounds at the end of a word. See Gifted Use Emotional Adjustment. also Initial and Medial Conso- *Velings nants. IQ 120 or above. Use Emotional Adjustment. Fine Arts *Girl Scouts Ection Refers to Art, Crafts, Dramatics, Use Scouting. Class of literature comprised of Music,Painting,Photography, *Glasses imaginative narration especially and Sculpture. Globes in prose form. See also Adven- Fine Motor Skills Spheres on which are depicted ture Stories, Mystery Stories, Training small muscles to work maps of the earth or heavens. and Science Fiction. together effectively.Seealso Government *Field Trips Visual Motor Integration. Field of social science dealing Use Experiential Method. Finger Spelling with structure and administration Figure Ground Perception Spelling by finger movements, of any organized community. one form of manual communica- Tendency of one part of percep- Grade 1 tual configuration to stand out tion used by the deaf . See also clearlywhile the remainder Cued Speech, Manual and Non- Refers to materials academically forms a background. See also verbal Communication, and Sign suitable for the first grade. Auditory Figure Ground discrim- 1..tfiguage. Grade 2 ination, and Visual Figure Flash Cards Refers to materials academically Ground discrimination. Drill materials presented in card suitable for the second grade. Figures of Speech format.See also Audiotape Grade 3 Flashcards. Materials which teach the mean- Refers to materials academically ing and use of spoken or written *Folk Tales suitable for the third grade. expression such asmetaphor, Use Fantasy. simile, personification. Following Directions Grade 4 Refers to materials academically Film Cartridges Materials designed to teach chil- suitable for the fourth grade. Film loops with or without sound dren how to interpret and follow encased in a plastic holder. written or oral instructions. Grade 5 *Film Loops Fossils Refers to materials academically Use film cartridges or films 8mm. Refers to the study of the re- suitable for the fifth grade.

6 July 1974 Grade 6 Writing. *Inductive Methods Refers to materials t,:ademically *Haptk Perception Use Scientific Method. See also suitable for the sixth grade. Use Tactual Perception. Logical Thinking. Grade 7 Hard of Hearing Industrial Arts Refers to materials a,:ademically Aperson whose audiometric as- Instruction in wood and or metal suitable for the seventh grade. sessment in the better ear indi- work or other industrial laborato- Grade 8 cates a loss of approximately 45 ry skills. Refers to materials academically to 80 decibels. Infants suitable for the eighth grade. Health Age range 0 to 2 years. See also Grade 9 Materials which present factual Early Childhood and Child De- Refers to materials academically informationregardinghealth, velopment. suitable for the ninth glade. health practices and attitudes. Initial Consonants Grade 10 *Hearing Impaired Materials that teach consonant Refers to materials academically Use Deaf or Hard of Hearing. sounds at the beginning ofa suitable for the tenth glade. Hearing Therapy word. See also Medial and Final Consonants. Grade 11 Materials or techniques used to Refers to materials academically enhance orincreaseauditory Initial Teaching Alphabet suitable for the eleventt, grade. ability Refers to a reading approach Grade 12 High Interest Low Vocabulary based on a phonetic alphabet of 44 characters, each of whichrep- Refers to materials acac omically Materials designed to interest the resents a single english phoneme. suitable for the twelfth g-ade. learner whose reading ability is Initial Vowels Grammar below that of his age or grade placement. Materials that teach vowel The study of language th It deals sounds at the beginning of withprinciples History a governiag the word. See also Medial Vowels. formal features of a language. Field of study concerned with including sentence structure. See the recording and critical inter- Inkprint also Parts of Speech and Syntax. pretation of past events. See also Printed versions of braille mate- Graphic Arts American,Black,and World rials. History. Refers to activities which are Inquiry Training Holidays concerned withprinting from Training in questioning and tech- various kinds of blocks, plates, Materials about days of civil or niques seeking a subjective rath- or type. religious observances. er than an objective fact. Graphs Homemaking Insects Visual representation of data. Instruction designed to help stu- Materials concernedwith *Grooming dents solve problems of personal the and family life and to learn skills identification,lifecycle, food, Use Self Care Skills. necessary for the establishment habitat, and relationship of in- Gross Motor Skills and management of a home. sects to mankind. Training large muscles to work Homonyms Integration together effectively. Two or more words having the Mediating processes of the Group Discussion cen- same pronunciation but different tral nervous system whichorgan- Materials specifically designed to meanings. ize and sequence both incoming stimulate interpersonal commu- Humor and outgoing neuralevents. See nication. Story theme primarily amusing in also Auditory Visual Integration, Group Tests nature. and Visual Motor Integration. Tests so constructed that they *Hygiene Intelligence Tests can be administered to a number Use Health or Self Care Skills. Evaluativeinstruments com- of individuals at one time. *Imagination prised of a series of standardized Guidance tasks yielding a Use -..eativity. score indicative Materials which provide counsel of the intellectual ability of the regarding vocational, personal, Indians individual. Materials concernedwiththe and/or educational problems. Interest Scales Gustatory Perception American Indian,hishistory, and culture. Evaluative instruments Ability to gain information or com- Individual Tests prised of a series of questions meaning through sense of taste concerning the preferences, likes Evaluative instruments designed or flavor. and dislikes, and interests of the *Handbooks for administration to onlyone individual being tested. person at a time. Use Manuals. Individualized Instruction Intermediate Grades Handwriting Materials which are specifically Grades 4, 3, 6. Handwriting skills. See also Cur- designed to be adapted to indi- Interpersonal Competence siveWriting andManuscript vidual needs within the group. Use Social Skills.

Instructional Materials 'thesaurus for Special Education 7 Intonation use by visually handicapped indi- Listening viduals with print usually twice Involves the rise and fall of the Materials designed to improve as large as regular type. pitch of the speaking voice. such skills as attention to audito- rystimuli,comprehensionof Islands Laterality Developing the internal aware- speaker's purpose and retention Land forms surrounded by wa- ness of sidedness. of orally presented materials. ter. Law *Listening Skills Refers tomaterials concerned Use Listening, Use Initial Teaching Alphabet. with the importance and signif i- Literature *Job Application (Forms) cance of laws, law enforcement Reading materials dealing with Use Application Forms. officers, and courts; their rela- ideas of universal interest. See *Job Training tionship to and effect upon indi- also Adventure Stories, Autobio- Use Vocational Education. viduals. See also Citizenship. graphies, Biographies, Fantasy, Junior High Grades *Learning Fiction, Humor, Mystery Sto- Nonverbal,Perceptual Motor, ries, Mythology, Nonfiction, Grades 7, 8, 9. Nursery Rhymes, Poetry, Sci- Kindergarten Verbal, or Visual Learning. Learning Activity Packages ence Fiction, and Sports Stories. Organized academic and social Logical Thinking activities presented the year be- Self contained instructional units of optional content prepared for Use for materials requiring use fore grade one. of reasoning ability and logical Kinescope Recordings use by the student. See also individualized Instruction, Self Pac- thought processes to obtain cor- 16 mm film taken directly from a ing Materials, and Teacher De- rect response. See also Problem television picture. veloped Materials. Solving, and Scientific Method. Kinesthetic Learning Disabilities Long Vowels Materials by which muscular Student displaying sharp imbal- Materials which teach long vow- motionposition or weight are ance in cognitive development els. perceived. and marked scholastic undera- Low Vision Aids Kinesthetic Perception chievement. Devices used with the partially Perception of movement, Left Handed sighted to maximize residual vi- weight, resistance, and position. Materials which are designed for sion. See also Books and Large See also Balance and Spatial use by left handed individuals or Type Materials. Orientation. which teach handwriting to left Magnetism Kits handed person. See also Hand- Materials which teach the prop- Sets of materials, packaged to- writing. erties of attraction or repulsion gether, whichusually contain of certain ferrous metals. materials of more than one for- Left to Right Progression mat. Materials which teach movement *Magnification Lakes of the eye from leftto right Manipulative Materials Refers to materials concerned across the page. Objects which require touching, withtheformation,location, *Legends handling, or moving in order to characteristics, life forms, etc., Use Fantasy. gain information or response. of lakes. *Leisure Time Manual Language Arts Use Recreation. Materials which require manipu- Materials which include those Library Skills lative responses. concerned withHandwriting, Exercises or information on how Manual Communication Reading terms,Spelling,and to use the various aids in the li- Writing Skills. Communication by manual con- brary. figurations (signs or finger spell- Language Development Likenesses-Differences ing rather than orally. See also Materialswhich develop and Materials which teach the skill of Cued Speech) Finger Spelling, stimulate oral and written lan- determining similar or dissimilar Nonverbal Communication, and guage. characteristics of pictures, ob- Sign Language. Language Handicapp(Id jects or sounds. Manual Dexterity A person with a receptive or Linguistically Based Materials Development of finger and hand expressive language defect Describes materials based on the agilitytomanipulateobjects which is not caused by defects of skillfully. peripheral speech mechanisms. patterns which govern the spelling and sentence structure of the Manuals *Laps language. Use Learning Activity Packages. Teaching materialswhich ac- Large Group Instruction Lipreading company student materials, of- fering teaching suggestions. Classes of six or more students. Interpreting lip movements into meaningfulspeech.Seealso Includes handbooks and teaching Large Type Materials Cued Speech and Oral Commu- guides.'seealsoCurriculum Materials produced primarily for nication. Guides, and Teacher Editions.

8 July 1974 Manuscript Writing Handicapped, Trainable Mental- ly Handicapped. tional, or other group regarded as Handwriting form adapted from different from the larger group of the printed letter forms, in which *Metaphors whic!i it is a part. See also Ethnic thelettersarenot connected Use Figures of Speech. Grou A within the word. Metric System Missing ."'ac'.ors Map Skills Decimal system of weights and Algorithms in which a factor has Materials which teach the inter- measures based on the meter and been omitted. pretation and use of maps. kilogram.See ..lsoMeasure- Mixed OpPrations ment. Maps Arithmeticproblemsrequiring Materials produced in map for- Mexican Americans the ume, of more than one basic mat. See also Globes. Materials concerned with Ameri- process. Matching cans of Mexican descent, their *Mobility history, culture, and crafts. Determination of a one-to-one Use Orientation and Mobility. Microfiche relationship. Mobility Aids Microre production on a flat sheet Mathematics Devices or materials which assist Refers to inaterials devoted to of film, approximately 105mm x I48mm in size. handicapped personsto move the science of numbers and their freely within their environment. properties, operations, and inter- Microfilms Includes canes, and dog guides. relations, and of space configu- Rolls of film containing microre- See also Electromechanical rations, and theirstructure, production. Aids, and Wheel Chairs. measurement, or generaliza- Microforms tions. Includes arithmetic. See Any microreproduction of print Physical alsoAddition,Algebra,Base representation of an material which cannot be read object. Numbering Systems, Decimals, without magnification. Division, Fractions, Geometry, *Modern Math Concepts Measurements, Metric System, Microimage Viewers Use Set Theory or Base Num- Multiplication, Percentage, Place Machines used to read micro- bering Systems. Value, Ratio, Set Theory, Sub- forms. Includes microfilm and Money microfiche viewers. traction. Refers to materials for teaching Micropaques money values and how to count Mathematics Readiness Microre productions on an and make change. Materials which help develop the opaque surface. Money Management concepts involved in understand- Microscope Slides Materials which teach thecon- ing. Includes number readiness. Glass plates used to mount speci- cept, recognition, manipulation See also Child Development. mens for viewing with a micro- or uses of money. Use for Bank- Measurement scope. ing, Budgeting, and &Alt. Materials teaching length, Microscopes Mongolism weight, area,jume, latitude, Optical instruments which use a Condition due to chromosomal longitude and temperature. See combination of lenses to produce also Metric System. abnormality which results in var- magnified images of small ob- ious levels of mental retardation. Mechanical Skills jects. Down's Syndrome) Understanding of and ability to *Middle Schools Montessori Method operate tools, devices, and ma- Use Junior High Grades. Teaching technique chines. Migrant Education forearly Medial Consonants childhood, emphasiziig free Educational programs designed physical activity, iodic idual in- Materials that teach consonant to meet the special needs of the struction, intensive seniory and sounds at the middle of a word. migrant population. motor activity, and earl/ devel- See also Initial and Final Conso- Minerals opment of reading and writing nants. Science materials concerned skills. Medial Vowels with theidentification,sourc.' Moral Values Materials that tech vowel and use of materials such as coal, sounds at the middle of a word. salt, and diamonds. Refers to materials witich en- courage appropriate inte nal and/ See also Initial Vowels. Minimal Brain Dysfunction Memory or external responses to moral A term refering to children of and ethical issues. Includes eth- Includes memorizing, retention, near average, average or above ics. recall, and recognition. See also average intelligence who show Auditory Memory, Auditory learning or behavioral disorders Motor Sequencing, Visual Imagery, as a result of diagnosed or sus- Materials which require gross or Visual Memory, and Visual Se- pected deviationsinthe func- fine motor response. quencing. tions of the central nervous sys- Mountains *Mentally Handicapped tem. Materials concernedwiththe Use Custodial Mentally Handi- Minority Groups formation,characteristics,and capped, Educable Mentally Aracial, religious, political, na- locations of mountains.

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 9 Movement Education neighborhood. Children's Books. Form of physical activity based Nemeth Code Nutrition on problem solving, which ena- Braille system of mathematical Materials which teach proper uti- bles a child to discover more notation. lization of food substances to abouthimselfthroughmove- *Neurologically Handicapped maintain a healthy state of being. ment. See also Spatial Relation- Use Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy, See also Health. ship. Learning Disabilities, or Minimal Occupational Therapy Multilevel Brain Dysfunction. Materials used in a rehabilitative Material spanning several levels *Neurotic Children process to help individuals ac- of difficulty withinits content. Use Emotionally Disturbed. quire job or self-help skills. In- See also Nongraded. cludes work therapy. Newspapers Multimedia Instruction Occupations Materials which are in newspa- Approach which stimulates two per format or which teach skills Materials about specific occupa- or more sensory avenues. necessary for newspaper read- tions. Multiplication ing, the use of newspapers, or Oceans Materials which teach the con- the composition, or structure of Materialsconcerned withthe cept of multiplication. newspapers. formation,characteristics,life Multiply Handicapped *Nonfiction forms and boundaries of the ocean. Two or more disabling condi- UseAutobiographies,Biogra- tions present in the same incl. vid- phies, and Reference Materials. Olfactory Perception ual. See also Cerebral Palsy and Nongraded Ability to gain meaning from Deaf Blind. Materials which can be used scent or smell information. Multisensory equally well at each grade level, Omissions Material which stimulates two or k-12. See also Multilevel. Speech difficulties involving more sensory avenues. See also Nonverbal Auditory Materials omission of a letter or sound. Auditory Learning, Sensory Non-verbal material which uses *Opaque Projectors terms, and Visual Learning. sounds other than speech, such Use Projection Equipment. Music as music and sound effects. Operational Properties Materials which teeth rhythm, Nonverbal Communication Materials which teach the eleven melody, harmony and or music Methods of communication, laws of arithmetic, such as com- appreciation. See also Rhythms, which do not employ speech. See mutative, distributive and asso- and Songs. also Communication terms. ciative properties. Music Therapy Nonverbal Learning Oral Communication Use of music materials in the Process of acquiring knowledge, Vocal as opposed to manual (sign treatment and rehabilitation of which does not require the use of language or finger spelling) the handicapped, particularly the speech astheprimaryinput communication. Use in relation emotionally disturbed. mode. to the aurally handicapped. See Mystery Stories Nonverbal Tests alsoCued SpeechandLip- Stories involving events that ex- Tests which do not require the reading. cite curiosity. use of verbal symbols in the for- *Ordinal Concepts Mythology mulation orsolutionof tasks Use Number Concepts. Stories in which the theme is an presented. Orientals explanation ofa phenomenon, Notetaking Materials concerned with Asiatic primitive religion or legend. See Materials that teach how to re- races, their history, and culture. also Fantasy. cord selected information from *Orientation *Nature material presented orally or in Use Spatial Orientation or Time Use Outdoor Education. written form. Perspective. Negative Reinforcement Number Concepts Orientation and Mobility Methods usedto weaken the Recognitionofbasicnumber Materials teaching spatial orien- behavior it immediately follows quantities as well as the ability to tationofthevisuallyhandi- by stengthening the behavior that count and use simple numbers in capped to his surroundings, and eliminates the negative reinfor- representing quantity. materials teaching the visually cer and suppressing the behavior Number Lines handicapped techniques of mov- that elicits the negative reinfor- Lines on which points are asso- ing about or traveling, using var- cer. ciated with numbers in a one-to- ious mobility aids. See also Spa- *Negroes one correspondence. tialOrientation,Mobility and Use Blacks. See also Black His- *Number Readiness Sensory Aids. tory. Use Mathematics Readiness. *Orthopedically Handicapped Neighborhood Use Physically Handicapped. Regarding thesocialrelation- Nursery Rhymes ships,physicalcharacteristics, Short rhymed tale traditionally Outdoor Education and economic structure of the recited with children. See also Learningactivities involving

10 July 1974 actual performance in the natural Performance Tests seriousness as to interfere with or render more difficult normal laboratory out of doors. See also Evaluative instruments in which Environmental Education. progress inthe regular school the score is based on a non-ver- program. Painting bal response. Physics Materialsconcernedwiththe Periodicals techniques or Science which deals with matter appreciationof Publications which are issued at painting. See also Art Prints, and and energy and their interrela- fixedintervals.Includesjour- Pictures. tionships. nals. Pamphlets Physiology Personality Tests Unbound paper publication of a Health materials concerned with Evaluativeinstrumentswhich limited number of pages. theactivities,processes,and measure such characteristics as Parents phenomena characteristic of emotional adjustment, interper- human life. Relates to materials designed for sonal relations, motivations, in- use by parent with child. terests, and attitudes. See also Piaget Approach Part Whole Relationships Projective Tests. Techniques used in early child- The concept of identifying and Phonics hood educationorganizedto- relating parts of a whole. See ward teaching the concepts of Study of sound-letter relation- classification and conservation. also Puzzles. ships and the use of this knowl- Partially Sighted edgeinrecognizing andpro- *Picture Dictionaries Use Dictionaries. One who retainslimitedbut nouncing words. functional vision. See also Low Phonograph Records Pictures Vision Aids. Refers to 16, 33, 45, 78 rpm re- Representationsoncardsor Parts of Speech cords. charts, not pictures in books. See also Art Prints. Grammatical units such as Phonographs nouns, verbs, adverbs. Machines which reproduce and Place Value *Pattern Completion amplify sound from phonograph The concept of units, tens, hun- Use Closure. records. dreds, in any base number system. Peer Tutoring Photographs Play Therapy An approach in which one child Images, usually recorded by a tutors another. camera, reproduced on a photo- Utilization of play in the presence of a therapist to assist a Percent sensitive 5;urface. Photography child's emotional development. Materials which teach the con- *Playground Activities cept of percent. Process of rendering optical im- Use Games,Recreation,and *Perception ages on photosensitive zurfaces. Physical Education Sports. Use Auditory, Gustatory,Ki- Poetry nesthetic,Olfactory,Tactual, Program of instruction and par- and Visual Perception, or Senso- ticipation in large muscle activi- Refers to poems or the study of ry terms. ties, designed to promote desira- poetry. See also Anthologies and Nursery Rhymes. Perception Tests ble physical development, motor skills,attitudes andhabits of *Population Evaluative instruments designed conduct. See also Recreation and Use Demography. tomeasure an individual's Sports. awareness of the elements of the *Position in Space environment,usuallythrough Physical Fitness Use Spatial Orientation. visual, auditory or tactual sensa- Condition of bodily health, re- Position Words sistancetodisease,muscular tion. See also Auditory, Tactual, Use for material teaching posi- stt ngth,enduranceandskill and Vision Tests. tion words and concepts such as Perceptual Development which permits sustained, strenu- ous and efficient muscular activi- above, below, between. See also Ability to distinguish between ty. Abstract Reasoning. stimuli and to organize them into Positive Reinforcement useful patterns. Physical Sciences Materials concerned with ma- Methods used to strengthen the Perceptual Motor Learning chines, energy, motion, and elec- behavior it follows and make that Ability to respond with appropri- tricity. See also Earth Sciences, behavior more likely to re-occur. ate movement to perceptual in- Geology, Oceanography, Phys- Use Discriminatory Attitudes. formationreceived.Seealso ics, and Space. *Practical Math VisualMotorIntegrationand Physical Therapy Use Consumer Education or Dai- Eye Hand Coordination. Treatii;ent of disease and injury ly Living Skills. Perceptually Handicapped by mechanical means, such as Prefixes exercise, heat,lightand mas- One who experiences difficulties Materialsconcerned with sage. the in integrating, and interpreting meaning and derivation of pre- perceptual information. See also Physically Handicapped fixes and the spelling rules for Learning Disabilities. Having a physical defect of such adding beginnings to root words.

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education I I *Prejudice overhead, slide projectors, and Readiness projection screens. Use DiscriminatoryorRacial Tile maturational level at which a Attitudes. Projective Tests child has developed the sensory Preprimers Method of measuring individual and cognitive skills necessary for personality in which the stimulus masteringstructured learning A beginning reading book, con- tasks, is interested in learning, sisting of single line sentences is usually unstructured in order to produce ,responses reflecting and is able to perceive the pur- and limited to a very small vo- pose and significance of what is cabulary, printed in large (18-24 the person's own individuality being taught. See also Mathemat- point) type. rather than the biases implicit in the structuring of the directive ics Readiness, Prereadiness, and Prereadiness items. Reading Readiness. Developmental stage during Prostheses R.eading which sensory skills and cogni- Refers to all types of materials tive and affective abilities be- Artificial pert of a limb, tooth or other part of the body. See also used to teach and enhance read- come sufficiently organized to ing skills. See also Choral and enable the child to begin struc- Amputees. DevelopmentalReading,Lin- tured learning tasks. Protective Vocabulary guistically Based Materials, Preschool Tests Words accompanying signs, col- Phonics, Signt ors, shapes, and symbols, the Method, Sight Evaluative instruments adminis- Vocabulary, Skimming, recognition of which helps pro- and tered prior to entrance in school Vocabulary. tect the child from such hazards programstodeterminereadi- as poison and traffic. See also Reading Comprehension ness. Core Vocabulary, Daily Living The act of ualerstanding the Prescriptive Teaching Skills,SafetyEducation, and meaning of printed language. Instruction instituted after as- Signs. *Reading Materials sessment of a child's deficit or *Psychological Tests Use Basal Reading Series, skill areas. See also Intelligence, Personali- Braille Books, Braille Materials, Prevocational Education ty, and Projective Tests. Comic Books, High Interest Low Programs at elementary and in- *Psychomotor Skills Vocabulary, Large Type Materi- termediate levels geared toward als, Linguistically Based Materi- Use Perceptual Motor Learning. vocational preparation. als, Primers, Preprimers, Supple- see also Manual Dexterity, Eye Primary Grades Hand Coordination, and Visual mentary Reading Materials, or Textbooks. Grades I, 2, 3. See also Kinder- Motor Integration. garten. Punctuation Reading Readiness Materials which help develop the Primers Materials which teach the system A simple reading book intended of inserting standardized marks concepts involved in understanding. for childreninthe earlyfirst or signs in written matter to clari- grade. fythe meaning and separate *Reading Skills Problem Solving structural units. Use Reading Comprehension, The act or process of arriving at Puerto Ricans Vocabulary, Sight Reading and Word Attack. conclusions through the use of Materials concerned with Puerto symbols, generalizations, or Rican history and culture. Reading Tests concrete data. Evaluativeinstrumentswhich Puppets Prognostic Tests measure various reading skills Refers to puppets and materials Evaluative instruments designed and concepts. used in their construction and to predict future behavior or ac- Realia use. tions. See also Diagnostic Tests. Materials which are the specific Programmed Instruction Puzzles objects, such as stones, plants, Materials arranged for learning IncludesCrossword Puzzles, and not copies or facsimiles. in a series of sequential steps. Games, Part Whole Relation- *Reasoning See also Computer Assisted In- ships, and Riddles. Use Abstract Reasoning, Con- structionand TeachingMa- *Racial Attitudes vergent, Divergent, or Logical chines. Thinking, or Problem Solving. Use Discriminatory Attitudes. Programmed Materials Rebus Raised Line Drawings Materials arranged for learning Materials presented through par- in a series of sequential steps, Materialswhich employ em- tial or couplete substitution of usually moving the student from bossed diagrams, charts,etc., pictorial or other coded repre- usuallyusedbythevisually a familiar backgroundintoa sentation for the printed word. complex and new set of con- handicapped. Receptive Language cepts, principles and understand- *Rating Scales The component of language en- ings, with or without the use of See also Behavior Rating Scales. hardware. compassing an individual's com- Ratio prehension of verbal, written, or Projection Equipment Refers to the arithmetical con- other forms of communication. Includes film, filmstrip, opaque cept of ratio. See also Listening and Reading

12 July 1974 Comprehension, and Expressive Rhyming Scouts, Campfire Girls, etc. Language. Materials which teach the recog- Screening Tests *Records (Phonograph) nition of similar terminal sounds. Instruments whichprovidea Use Phonograph Records. See also Nursery Rhymes. rough selection which eliminates Recreation Rhythms certain people and includes others for more careful considera- Playtime activities designed to Materials for or about rhythms tion. providephysicaldevelopment activities, which consist of sing- and mental stimulation. See also ing games and basic movements Sculpture Games, and Outdoor Education. performed in various tempos and Art materials concerned with the Reel to Reel Tapes space patterns to musical accom- techniques orappreciationof paniment. sculpture. Magnetic tape mounted on reels. Riddles Seasons Reference Materials Jokes, limericks that usually in- Materialsconcernedwiththe Materials which teach the proper volve problem solving and an four recurrent periods of the use of dictionaries, encyclope- answer. See also Games and year. See also Time Perspective dias,librariesandreference Puzzles. and Time Telling. techniques. See also Bibliogra- Rocks *Second Language phies, Dictionaries, and Ency- Materialsconcernedwiththe clopedias. Use English (Second Language). identity,classification,origin, Self Care Skills Regrouping composition, and age of rocks in Materials which refer to borrow- the crust of the earth. Activities or materials forin- struction in daily sanitary and ing in subtraction and carrying in Role Playing addition. grooming habits (toileting, dress- Assuming the part of another ing, eating, hygiene). See also Rehabilitation person in order to understand his Clothing. Restoring a handicapped or de- problems, or to act out social or Self Concept linquent person to a. useful life personal events or situations. The internalized view of one's through education and or thera- Rural Environment py. See also Vocational Rehabili- worth, includes self confidence. Materials describing some aspect See also Emotional Adjustment. tation. of country life. Reinforcement Self Control Safety Education The ability to discipline one's See also Negative Reinforce- Learning experiences designed ment and Rewards. behavior in a socially acceptable to create an awareness of the manner. Includes self discipline Religion hazards of everyday living and to and temper control. Materials providing information develop the knowledge, habits, Self Expression on the religious practices of var- and skills necessary to function ious groups and nations. successfully in the presence of Expressions of thoughts, feeling or precepts, according to one's Remedial Approach hazards.SeealsoProtective Vocabulary. own level of development. See Special materials to correct par- also Creativity. Science ticular deficiencies not due to *Self Help inferior general ability. Materials which teach concepts Use Self Care Skills. *Reproduction of any of the recognized scientif- *Self Identification Use Sex Education. ic fields. See also Anatomy, As- tronomy,Biology,Chemistry, Use Body Image or Self Con- Reproduction Masters EarthSciences, Geography, cept. Materials designed to be used in Geology, Oceanography, Phys- Self Pacing Materials theproductionof duplicating ics,Physiology,PhysicalSci- masters or transparencies. Materials, including test or quiz ences, and Space. items, allowing individual prog- Resource Guides Science Fiction ress but without the reteaching Aguide orwritten plan for a Stories of a fantasy like nature features found in programmed collection of materials, including often based on projections of materials. a variety of learning experiences, scientificor technologicalad- Senior High Grades resources and evaluation tech- vances. niques. Grades 10-12. Scientific Method Sensory Aids *Retention Principles and procedures for the Use Memory. Devices used to increase or enh- systematic pursuit of knowledge ance the learning ability of the Reversals involving recognition and formu- physically handicapped. See also Materials designedtocorrect lation of a problem, the collec- Electromechanical, and Mobility inversions of numerals and or tion of data through observation Aids. letter forms. and experimentaton and the for- Sensory Training Rewards mulation and testing of hypotheses. See also Experiments. Activities intended to evoke re- Token, activity or praise given sponses to specific stimuli. See forappropriateperformance. Scouting also Auditory and Visual Train- Use for token reinforcement. Includes Boy Scouts, Girl ing, Perceptual terms, and Audi-

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 13 tory, Gustatory, Olfactory, Tac- Signs *Socially Deviant Behavior tual, and Visual Perception. Materials for teaching traffic and Use Delinquents. *Sentence Structure warning signs.See alsoPro- Socially Maladjusted Use Grammar. tective Vocabulary and Safety Individuals having unusual diffi Sequential Approach Education. culties with social development. A structuredsequenceofin- Simulation Sociology structional activities. Duplication of the essential char- Study of society, social institu Serial Ordering acteristics of a task or situation. tions and social relationships. Materials requiring logicalar- Sizes Songs rangement of items by time or Materials concerning size or vol- Materials which denote a signifi event. Use for sequencing and umediscrimination.Includes cant portion of their content to seriation. size constancy. See also Conser- songs with or without the accom Series vation (Concept). panying music. Groups of materials which are *Skills * Sound Discrimination sequential in nature. See also Use Alphabetizing, Communica- Use Auditory Perception. tion, Daily Living, Dictionary, Basal Reading Series. Sounds Set Theory Fine Motor, Gross Motor, Li- brary, Listening, Map, Mechani- Materials which present sounds Mathematicsmaterialswhich cal, Reading, Self Care, Social, associated with dailylife. See teach the concept of set. Speech, or Writing Skills,or alsoAuditoryDiscrimination Sets Perceptual Motor Learning. Consonant Digraphs, Diph- Materials consisting of three or Skimming thongs, Final Consonants, Initial more items having some com- Consonants, Medial Consonants mon characteristic such as con- Materials which teach the skill of Medial Vowels. tent, skill or format. scanning reading materialfor pertinent information. Space *Severely Mentally Handicapped Slides Refers to Science materials con- Use Custodial Mentally Handi- cerned with the region beyond Amounted transparency, either the earth's atmosphere. capped. film or glass, intended for projec- Sex Education tion or viewing by transmitted *Spasticity Materials which deal with the light.SeealsoStereoscopic Use Cerebral Palsy. processes and problems of hu- Slides. Spatial Orientation man reproduction. See also Fam- Small Group Instruction Recognition of the state of ad- ily Life Education, Classes for less thansixstu- justment of the body or other Shapes dents. objects in relation to the immedi- Solid or plane figures, cutouts, *Social Attitudes ate environment. See also Body Image and Kinesthetic Percep- stencils, or other representations Use Discriminatory Attitudes. of various geometric forms. tion. Social Development Short Vowels *Spatial Relationship The process whereby interper- Use Spatial Orientation. Materialswhichteachshort sonal relationships are learned vowels. during growth to adulthood. See Speech Materials which teach prepara- Sight Method also Social Skills. *Social Sciences tion and delivery of a formal or Methodofteachingreading informal public address. See also Use Citizenship, Demography, based on recognition and pro- Articulation,Intonation,and nunciation of whole words. Economics, Geography, Histo- Verbal Ability. ry, Social Studies, or Sociology. *Speech Evaluation Sight Reading Social Skills Abilitytorecognizeprinted Use Speech Tests or Evaluation Abilities of the individual to meet and Speech Therapy. words. and conform to personal and so- Sight Vocabulary cialresponsibilities and stand- Speech Handicapped A vocabulary basicto formal ards set by the community. In- Persons having such abnormal reading where each word is rec- cludes manners and etiquette. articulation, rhythm, voice quali- ognizedormemorizedasa ty, that their speech calls adverse Social Studies attentiontoitself,impairing whole, rather than by blending Adaptations of knowledge from its parts. communication or causing social the social sciences for teaching maladjustment. Sign Language purposes at the elementary and *Speech Reading A system of gestures which re- secondary levels of education. Use Lipreading. See also Citizenship, Community places the use of speech and is Speech Tests used in communication with deaf Helpers, Consumer Education, Evaluative individuals. Seealso Cued and Neighborhood. instrumentswhich test speech skills. Speech, Finger Spelling, Manual *Socialization Communication, and Nonverbal Use Social Skills or Develop- Speech Therapy Communication. ment. Materials designed for speech

14 July 1974 therapy. Use for speech correc- Substitution Tactual Tests tion. Articulatory defect wherein an Evaluativeinstrumentswhich Spelling incorrect sound is substituted for measure the ability to classify or Materials which devote a major the correct sound. identify through the sense of portion of their content to teach- Subtraction touch. ing spelling skills. Materials which teach the con- Talking Books Sports cept of subtraction. Materialsrecorded on photo- Physical education materials Suburban Environment graph records and/or tapecas- which teach the skills involved in Materials describing some aspect settes, usually used by the vis- various sports. Includes athlet- of suburban life. ually handicapped. ics. See also Physical Education Suffixes Tangible Apparatus and Recreation. Equipment that utilizes a soft- Sports Stories Materials concernedwiththe meanings and derivation of suf- ware component to provide instruction. Stories about sports or sports fixes and the spelling rules for personalities. adding endings to root words. Tape Cartridges Standardized Tests Summarizing 8 track audiotapes whichare Evaluative insi ruments com- Refers to materials which devel- mounted in thin plastic cases for use in a cassette tape recorder or posed ofempiricallyselected op the skill of concisely restating player. materials having definite direc- the essence of a spoken or writ- tions for use, adequate norms, ten presentation. Tape Cassettes data and reliability. Supplementary Reading Materials 2 track audiotapes whichare Stencils Materials other than textbooks, mounted in thin plasticcases for Pre-cutpatternswhich allow i.e. library books, story books, use in a cassette tape recorder or player. tracing either at a interior posi- and some social studies and sci- tion or around the perimeter or ence books usually easier to read Tape Recorders both. See also Duplicating Mas- than textbooks and designed to Refers to machines which record ters, Reproduction Masters. furnish enrichment. and play back sound. Includes Stereoscopic Slides Syllabication cassette tape recorders. Slides which provide a three Materials which deal with divid- *Tapes dimensional image. ing words into syllables. Use Audio or Video Tapes. *Stimuli Synonyms Teacher Developed Materials Use Tactual, Verbal, or Visual Words having the same or nearly Instructional materials prepared Stimuli. the same meaning. by teachers or instructions about *Stories. Syntax the preparation of such materials. Use Adventure, Fantasy, Mys The way in which words dre or- tery, Mythology, Science Fic- dered, relative to one another, to Teacher Editions tion, or Sports Stories. form phrases, clauses, or sen- Materials which contain botha Story Cards tences. See also Grammar. copy of the pupil text and teach- *Synthesizing ideas er text in addition to teaching Cards designed to be used for Use Convergent Thinking. suggestions and activities. See storytelling on which there is a also Manuals. Tachistoscopes printed narration, with or with- *Teacher Resources out pictures. Device or machine for control- Use Resource Guides or Instruc- Story Telling ling illumination or duration of projected images. tional Resources. Materials which develop the skill Tactile *Teaching Guides of accurately relating a story or Use Manuals. series of events to a group. Materials which utilize the learner's sense of touch as the pri- Teaching Machines Study Prints mary sensory learning mode. Equipment that utilizes a sof- Large cards with a picture print- Tactile Materials tware component to provide in- ed on the front and explanatory Formats which require touching, struction. See also Programmed information, lesson plans, sug- handling or moving in order to Materials, and Self Pacing Mate- rials. gested activities or other materi- gain information or to respond. Is printed on the reverse. Technical Education Tactual Perception Stud) Skills Preparation for occupations Refers to the process of perceiv- Refers to materials which help between the skilled trades and ing and discriminating through the professions. develop organizational abilities the sense of touch. Use for hap- and time utilization. tic perception. *Teenagers Stuttering Tactual Stimuli Use Adolescents. Inabilityto complete a word Utilization of the learner's sense Telephone CommunicationSys- without repetitim of a sound or of touch as the primary sensory tems syllable within. stimulus mode. Utilization of the telephone asa

Instructional Materials Thesaurus fcr Special Education 15 vehicle of instruction. Includes *Training Techniques which are photographed. hardware as well as application Use Teaching Methods. Vision Tests techniques. Transparencies Evaluative instruments used to Televised Instruction Format type involving a clear measure visual acuity. Use for closed circuit television acetate sheet upon which infor- Visual instruction. See also Educational mation may be written and pro- Materials which utilize the learn- Televison. jected. er's sight as the primary sensory *Temperature Transportation learning mode. Use Measurement. See also Refers to materials concerned Visual Acuity Weather. with the various types of trans- Degree of visual clarity or sharp- *Temporal Orientation portation and their historical and ness. Use Time Telling or Time Per- ecological impact. Visual Closure spective. *Twins Completion of a visual pattern, Textbooks Use Siblings. abilitytoconceptualizein a Books dealing with a definite Typewriting complete and meaningful form objects or patterns seen in an subject of study, systematically Instructiondesignedtoteach incomplete form. arranged, and intended for use at typing for either personal, busi- a specified level of instruction. ness, or professional use. Visual Discrimination *Therapy Unit Plans Ability to identify and accurately choose between shapes, forms, Use Art, Hearing, Music, Occu- Teaching plans for a major sub- pational, Physical, and Speech division of instruction within a andpatterns when presented visually. Therapy or Bibliotherapy. course; a unit is generally com- *Thought Processes posed of several topics and in- Visual Figure Ground Discrimina- Use Abstract ...easoning, Cogni- cludes content and learning ex- tion tive Processes, and Convergent, periences. Ability to select a single visual Divergent, or Logical Thinking. Urban Environment stimulus and perceptually cause Three Dimensional Aids Materials which describe same it to stand out from the back- Materials having three dimen- aspect of city living. ground. sions of at least one-half inch. *Values *Visual Form Discrimination Time Perspective Use Moral Values. Use Shapes. Ability to understand the flow, Verbal Ability Visual Imagery passage, or quantity of time. See Ability to express orally. see also The process of evoking a visual also Auditory, and Visual Se- Communication Skills, and Ex- image of an object or experience. quencing, Calendars, and Sea- e....!ve Language. Visual Learning sons. Verbal Communication Instruction whichutilizesthe Time Telling Useof languagetotransfer learner's sense of vision as the Teaching the concept of knowing thought, meanings and ideas. See primary sensory stimulus mode. the correct time. also Speech. Verbal Learning Visual Memory *Toileting The ability to retain, recall, and/ Process of acquiring thelan- Use Self Care Skills. or recognize previously learned guage skills necessary to respond or experienced visual stimuli. *Token Reinforcement adequately in a situation requir- Use Rewards. ing the communication of Visual Motor Integration Total Communication thought. Materials which teach sensory, eye hand, coordination. See also Right of a deaf child to learn to Verbal Stimuli use all forms of communication Use of spoken language as the Eye Hand Coordination, Fine Motor Skills, and Multisensory availableto develop language primary sensory stimulus. Integration. competence, and touse any Verbal Tests remnant of residual hearing he Any evaluative instrument de- Visual Perception may have . pending on written or spoken The awareness of the elements *Touch languageinadministering,re- of the environment through vis- Use Tactual terms. sponding or both. ual sensation. Toys Video Tapes Visual Sequencing Play objects for children. Tape used to transmit images via Ability to identify and organize television with or without sound. visual stimtf; in a temporal or- *Traffic Safety der. See also Visible Speech aerial Ordering and Use DriverEducation,Pro- Visual Imagery. tective Vocabulary, or Safety The translation of speech into a Education. readable form; the sound waves Visual Stimuli of speech are transformed first Use of visually presented materi- Trainable Mentally Handicapped intoelectricalimpulses,and al as the primary sensory stimu- IQ 25-50. these in turn into flashes of light lus.

16 July 1974 Visual Tracking pation not requiring the bacca- structural analysis or syllabica- The process of visually following laureate degree. See also Prevo- tion. themovementofanobject cational, and Technical Educa- Word Problems tion, and tt.rough space. IndustrialArts. See Refers to mathematical problems also Interest Scales and Occupa- presented in word form. Visual Training tions. *WordStudy Skills Instruction and practice ir the Vocational Rehabilitation development and use of visual Use Word Attack. Preparation of disabled persons skills and visual discrimination to *Work Attitudes enable a visually handicapped for employment through diagnosis, ,,iidance, physical restora- Use Vocational Adjustment. person to make maximum use of his residual sight. tion trainir,; and placement. Work Study Programs Visually Handkapped *Volume Programs for high school level Use Measurement. educable mentally retarded Non-specihQ term including both where the pupils work on a job the blind and partially-sighted. Vowels part time and attend class the See alsoBlindandPartially Any letter that is not conso- rest of the time. See also Prevo- Sighted. nant. See also Medial,Initial, cational and Vocational Educa- Vocabulary Long, and Short Vowels. tion. Materials which are designed to Weather Workbooks develop and enlarge an individu- Materials used to teach the state Practice books that are designed al'sspeaking,reading and/or of the atmosphere with respect to provide additional practice in writingvocabulary. See also to temperature and precipitation. reinforcing mastery of skills. Antonyms,CoreVocabulary, Worksheets Homonyms, Protective Vocabu- *Weight la: y, Sight Vocabulary, and Syn- Use Body Weight or Measure- Individual consumable pages of onyms. ment. activities or exercises by students. Vocal *Weights & Measures Worktexts Materials that require the learner UseMeasurement. Seealso Alternatingtextand to use snoken responses. exercise Conservation (Concept). materials bound together, usual- Vocational Adjustmeit Wheelchairs lyinconsumablepaperback Adaptation of the worker to his i chair mounted on wheels and form. job environment. See also Job, usually propelled by the occu- World History and Occupational terms. pant. See also Mobility Aids. Field of study concerned with Vocational Aptitude Tests *Wildlife the recording and critical inter- nretation of past events in the Evaluative instruments used to Use Outdoor Education. growth of the world. measure potential for performing Word Attack various jc6s. Writing Skills Development of reading skills Vocational Education Includes composition skills and which enable the trainer to use crtative writing, but not hand- Formal preparation for ztri occu- context clues, phonetic analysis, writing.

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 17 ROTATED INDEX

16mm Americans Audiotape Films 16mm Mexican Americans Audiotape Flashcards 35mm Anatomy Audiovisual Films 35mm Anatomy Audiovisual Aids 8mm Animals Auditory Films 8mm Animals Auditory Films Super 8mm Anthologies Auditory Acuity Abacus Anthologies Auditory Attention Span Abacus Antonyms Auditory Closure Abbreviations Antonyms Auditory Discrimination Auditory Figure Ground Discrimi- Abbreviations Aperture nat ion Ability Aperture Cards Auditory Learning Verbal Ability Anhasia Auditory Memory Abstract Aphasia Auditory Motor Integration Abstract Reasoning Apparatus Auditory Perception Achievement Tangible Apparatus Auditory Sequencing Achievement Tests Application Auditory Stimuli Activities Application Forms Auditory Tests Creative Activities Approach Auditory Training Activity Developmental Approach Auditory Visual Integration Piaget Approach Nonverbal Auditory Materials Activity Books Autobiographies Learning Activity Packages Remedial Approach Act t!ty Sequential Approach Autobiographies Auditory Acuity Aptitude Balance Visual Acuity Aptitude Tests Balance Adaptive Vocational Aptitude Tests Base Adaptive Devices Art Base Numbering Systems Addition Art Based Addition Art Prints Linguistically Based Materials Adjustment Art Therapy Basic Articulation Emotional Adjustment Basic Adult Education Vocational Adjustment Articulation Behavior Arts Adult Behavior Rating Scales Basic Adult Education Fine Arts Behavioral Graphic Arts Adventure Behavioral Objectives Industrial Arts Adventure Stories Language Arts Bibliographies Agricu!ture Assisted Bibliographies Agriculture Computer Assisted Instruction Bibliotherapy Aids Association Bibliotherapy Audiovisual Aids Association Tests Bilingual Electromechanical Aids Associative Bilingual Education Low Vision Aids Biographies Mobility Aids Associative Learning Sensory Aids Astronomy Biographies Three Dimensional Aids Astronomy Biology Alcoholism Attack Biology Alcoholism Word Attack Black Algebra Attention Black History Algebra Attention Span Blacks Alphabet Auditory Attention Span Blacks Initial Teaching Alphabet Attitude Blends Alphabetizing Attitude Tests Blends Attitudes Alphabetizing Blind Attitudes Alphabets Blind Alphabets Discriminatory Attitudes Audio Deaf Blind American Body American History Audio Equipment Audio Tapes Body Image

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education tfPI9 Books Closure Coordination Activity Books Auditory Closure Eye Hand Coordination Braille Books Closure Core Comic Books Visual Closure Core Vocabulary Talking Books Clothing Correspondence Braille Clothing Correspondence Braille Clues Counting Braille Books Context Clues Counting Braille Writing Devices Cluttering Crafts Brain Cluttering Crafts Minimal Brain Dysfunction Code Creative Calendars Nemeth Code Creative Activities Calendars Cognitive Cued Capitalization Cognitive Development .Cued Speech Capitalization Color Culture Captioned Color Concepts Culture Free Tests Captioned Films Color Keyed Materials Curriculum Captioned Filmstrips Comic Curriculum Guides Cards Comic Books Cursive Aperture Cards Communication Cursive Writing Cards Manual Communication Custodial Flash Cards Nonverbal Communication Custodial Mentally Handicapped Story Cards Oral Communication Daily Care Telephone Communication Sys- tems Daily Living Skills Child Care Deaf Self Care Skills Total Communication Career Verbal Communication Deaf Community Deaf Blind Career Education Deaf Interpreting Cartoons Community Helpers. Community Resources Decimals Cartoons Comprehension Decimals Cartridges Reading Comprehension Delacatc Film Cartrkiges Compressed Tape Cartridges Doman Delacato Method Delinquents Cassettes Compressed Speech Computations Tape Cassettes Delinquents Certhral Computations Demography Computer Cerebral Palsy Demography Computer Assisted Instruction Charts Dental Concept Dental Health Charts Conservation (Concept) Deserts Experience Charts Self Concept Checklists Deserts Concepts Developed Checklists Color Concepts Teacher Developed Materials Chemistry Number Concepts Chemistry Development Conservation Child Child Development Child Care Conservation (Concept) Cognitive Development Child Development Consonants Emotional Development Childhood Consonants Language Development Early Childhood Final Consonants Perceptual Development Early Childhood Education Initial Consonants Social Developmen: Medial Consonants Developmental Choral Developorzntal Approach Consumer Choral Reading Developmental Reading Citizenship Consumer Education Devices Context Citizenship Adaptive Devices Context Clues Civil Braille Writing Devices Civil Liberties Continents Dexterity Classification Continents Manual Dexterity Classification Control Diagnostic Classroom Self Control Diagnostic Tests Classroom Observation Tech- Convergent Dictionaries niques Convergent Thinking Dictionaries

20 July 1974 Dictionary Educable Expression Dictionary Skills Educable Mentally Handicapped Self Expression Digraphs Education Expressive Digraphs Basic Adult Education Expressive Language Dimensional Bilingual Education Extinction Three Dimensional Aids Career Education Extinction Dioramas Consumer Education Eye Dioramas Driver Education Eye Hand Coordination Diphthongs Drug Education Factors Early Childhood Education Diphthongs Environmental Education Missing Factors Directionality Family Life Education Fads Directionality Migrant Education Facts Directions Movement Education Family Following Directions Outdoor Education Family Life Education Disabilities Physical Education Fantasy Learning Disabilities Prevocational Education Fantasy Discrimination Safety Education Fiction Sex Education Auditory Discrimination Fiction Technical Education Auditory Figure Ground Discrimi- Science Fiction nation Vocational Education Educational Figure Visual Discrimination Auditory Figure Ground Discrimi- Visual Figure Ground Discrimina- Educational Television Electricity nation tion Figure Ground Perception Discriminatory Electricity Visual Figure Ground Discrimina- Discriminatory Attitudes Electromechanical tion Discussion Electromechanical Aids Figures Group Discussion Emotional Figures of Speech Disturbed Emotional Adjustment Film Emotionally Disturbed Emotional Development Film Cartridges Emotionally Divergent Films Divergent Thinking Emotionally Disturbed Encyclopedias Captioned Films Division Films lomm Division Encyclopedias Films 35mm Doman English Films 8mm Doman Delacatu Method English Films Super 8mm Dramatics English (Second Language) Films lips Dramatics Enrichment Films lips Drawing Enrichment Filmstrips Drawing Environment Captioned Filmstrips Drawings Rura: Environment Filmstrips Raised Line Drawings Suburban Environment Final Drill Urban Environment Final Consonants Environmental Drill Fine Driver Environmental Education Fine Arts Driver Education Equipment Fine Motor Skills Drug Audio Equipment Finger Equipment Drug Education Finger Spelling Duplicating Projection Equipment Erosion Fitness Duplicating Masters Dysfunction Erosion Physical Fitness Flash Minimal Brain Dysfunction Eskimos Early Eskimos Flash Cards Early Childhood Ethnic Flashcards Early Childhood Education Ethnic Groups Audiotape Flashcards Earth Evaluation Following Earth Sciences Evaluati 3n Following Directions Echolalia Experience Forms Echolalia Experience Charts Application Forms Economics Experiential Fossils Economics Experiential Method Fossils Editions Experiments Fractions Teacher Editions Experiments Fractions

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 21 Free Hand Inquiry Culture Free Tests Eye Hand Coordination Inquiry Training Games Handed Insects Games Left Handed Insects Geography Handicapped Instruction Geography Custodial Mentally Handicapped Computer Assisted Instruction Geology Educable Mentally Handicapped Individualized Instruction Geology Language Handicapped Large Group Instruction Geometry Multiply Handicapped Multimedia Instruction Geometry Perceptually Handicapped Programmed Instruction Gifted Physically Handicapped Small Group Instruction Speech Handicapped Televised Instruction Gifted Trainable Mentally Handicapped Globes Integration Visually Handicapped Auditory Motor Integration Globes Handwriting Government Auditory Visual Integration Handwriting Integration Government Hard Visual Motor Integration Grade Hard of Hearing Intelligence Grade I Health Intelligence Tests Grade 2 Dental Health Interest Grade 3 Health High Interest Low Vocabulary Grade 4 Hearing Interest Scales Grade 5 Hard of Hearing Intermediate Grade 6 Hearing Therapy Intermediate Grades Grade 7 Helpers Grade 8 Interpreting Grade 9 Community Helpers Deaf Interpreting Grade 10 High Intonation Grade 11 High Interest Low Vocabulary Intonation Grade 12 junior High Grades Islands Grades Senior High Grades Islands Intermediate Grades History Junior Junior High Grades American History Junior High Grades Primary Grades Black History Keyed Senior High Grades History Color Keyed Materials Grammar World History Kindergarten Holidays Grammar Kindergarten Graphic Holidays Kinescope Graphic Arts Homemaking Kinescope Recordings Graphs Homemaking Kinesthetic Homonyms Graphs Kinesthetic Gross Homonyms Kinesthetic Perception Gross Motor Skills Humor Ground Humor Kits Auditory Figure Ground Discrimi- Image Lakes nation Body Image Lakes Figure Ground Perception Imagery Language Visual Figure Ground Discrimina- Visual Imagery tion English (Second Language) Indians Expressive Language Group Indians Language Arts Group Discussion Individual Language Development Group Tests Individual Tests Language Handicapped Large Group Instruction Individualized Receptive Language Small Group Iristruclon Individualized Instruction Sign Language Groups Industrial Large Ethnic Groups Industrial Arts Large Group Instruction Minority Groups Infants Large Type Materials Guidance infants Laterality Guidance Initial Laterality Guides Initial Consonants Law Curriculum Guides Initial Teaching Alphabet Law Resource Guides Initial Vowels Learning Gustatory Inkprint Associative Learning Gustatory Perception lnkprint Auditory Learning

22 July 1974 Learning Activity Packages Reproduction Masters Minority Learning Disabilities Matching Minority Groups Nonverbal Learning Matching Missing Perceptual Motor Learning Materials Verbal Learning Missing Factors Color Keyed Materials Visual Learning Mixed Left Large Type Materials Mixed Operations Linguistically Based Materials Mobility Left Handed Manipulative Materials Mobility Aids Left to Right Progression Nonverbal Auditory Materials Orientation and Mobility Liberties Programmed Materials Models Civil Liberties Reference Materials Library Self Pacing Materials Models Library Skills Supplementary Reading Materials Money Life Tactile Materials Money Family Life Education Teacher Developed Materials Money Management Likenesses-Differences Mathematics Mongolism Likenesses-Differences Mathematics Mongolism Line Mathematics Readiness Montessori Measurement Raised Line Drawings Montessori Method Lines Measurement Moral Mechanical Number Lines Moral Values LinguistiCally Mechanical Skills Motor Medial Linguistically Based Materials Auditory Motor Integration Lipreading Medial Consonants Fine Motor Skills lipreading Medial Vowels Gross Motor Skills Listening Memory Motor Auditory Memory Perceptual Motor Learning Listening Visual Motor Integration Literature Memory Visual Memory Mountains Literature Mentally °°Mountains. Living Custodial Mentally Handicapped Movement Daily Living Skills Educable Mentally Handicapped Movement Education Logical Trainable Mentally Handicapped Multilevel Logical Thinking Method Multilevel Long Doman Delacato Method Multimedia Long Vowels Experiential Method Low Multimedia Instruction Montessori Method Multiplication High Interest Low Vocabulary Scientific Method Low Vision Aids Sight Method Multiplication Machines Metric Multiply Teaching Machines Metric System Multiply Handicapped Magnetism Mexican Multisensory Magnetism Mexican Americans Multisensory Maladjusted Microfiche Music Socially Maladjusted Microfiche Music Management Microfilms Music Therapy Money Management Microfilms Mystery Microforms Manipulative Mystery Stories Manipulative Materials Microform% Mythology Microimage Manual Mythology Microimage Viewers Manual Negative Manual Communication Micropaques Micropaques Negative Reinforcement Manual Dexterity Neighborhood Manuals Microscope Microscope Slides Neighborhood Manuals Nemeth Manuscript Microscopes Nemeth Code Manuscript Writing Microscopes Newspapers Map Migrant Nonverbal Auditory Materials Map Skills Migrant Education Nonverbal Communication Maps Minerals Nonverbal Learning Maps Minerals Nonverbal Tests Masters Minimal Notetaking Duplicating Masters Minimal Brain Dysfunction Notetaking

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 23 Number Perception Prefixes Number Concepts Auditory Perception Prefixes Number Lines Figure Ground Perception Preprimers Numbering Gustatory Perception Preprimers Base Numbering Systems Kinesthetic Perception Prereadiness Olfactory Perception Nursery Preteadiness Perception Tests Nursery Rhymes Preschool Tactual Perception Nutrition Visual Perception Preschool Tests Nutrition Perceptual Prescriptive Objectives Perceptual Development Prescriptive Teaching Behavioral Objectives Perceptual Motor Learning Prevocational Observation Perceptually Prevocational Education Classroom Observation Tech- Perceptually Handicapped Primary niques Performance Primary Grades Occupational Performance Tests Primers Occupational Therapy Periodicals Primers Occupations Periodicals Prints Occupations Personality Art Prints Oceans Personality Tests Study Prints Oceans Perspective Problem Olfactory Time Perspective Problem Solving Olfactory Perception Phonics Problems Omissions Phonics Word Problems Omissions Phonograph Prognostic Operational Prognostic Tests Phonograph Records Operational Properties Phonographs Programmed Operations Programmed Instruction Phonographs Mixed Operations Photographs Programmed Materials Oral Programs Photographs Oral Communication Wtok Study Programs Ordering Photography Progression Photography Serial Ordering Left to Right Progression Orientals Physical Projection Physical Education Orientals Projection Equipment Physical Fitness Projective Orientation Physical Sciences Orientation and Mobility Physical Therapy Projective Tests Spatial Orientation Physically Properties Outdoor Physically Handicapped Operational l'roperties Prostheses Outdoor Education Physics Pacing Prostheses Physics Self Pacing Materials Physiology Protective Packages Physiology Protective Vocabulary Learning Activity Packages Piaget Puerto Painting Piaget Approach Puerto Ricans Painting Pictures Punctuation Palsy Pictures Punctuation Cerebral Palsy Place Puppets Pamphlets Place Value Puppets Pamphlets Parents Plans Puzzles Puzzles Parents Unit Plans Part Play Raised Part Whole Relationships Play Therapy Raised Line Drawings Partially Playing Rating Partially Sighted Role Playing Behavior Rating Scales Parts Poetry Ratio Parts of Speech Poetry Ratio Peer Position Readiness Peer Tutoring Position Words Mathematics Readiness Percent Positive Readiness Percent Positive Reinforcement Reading Readiness

24 .,uly 1974 Reading Right Sight Choral Reading Left to Right Progression Sight Method Developmental Reading Rocks Sight Reading Reading Rocks Sight Vocabulary Reading Comprehension Role Sighted Reading Readiness Role Playing Partially Sighted Reading Tests Rural Sign Sight Reading Rural Environment Sign Language Supplementary Reading Materials Signs Realia Safety Safety Education Signs Realia Simulation Reasoning Scales Behavior Rating Scales simulation Abstract Reasoning Sizes Rebus Interest Scales Science Sizes Rebus Skills Receptive Science Science Fiction Daily Living Skills Receptive Language Sciences Dictionary Skills Recorders Earth Sciences Fine Motor Skills Tape Recorders Physical Sciences Gross Motor Skills Recordings Scientific Library Skills Map Skills Kinescope Recordings Scientific Method Records Scouting Mechanical Skills Self Care Skills Phonograph Records Scouting Recreation Social Skills Screening Study Skills Recreation Screening Tests Writing Skills Reel Sculpture Skimming Reel to Reel Tapes Sculpture Skimming Reference Seasons Slides Reference Materials Seasons Regrouping Microscope Slides Second Slides Regrouping English (Second Language) Rehabilitation Stereoscopic Slides Self Small Rehabilitation Small Group Instruction Vocational Rehabilitation Self Care Skills Reinforcement Self Concept Social Self Control Negative Reinforcement Social Development Self Expression Social Skills Positive Reinforcement Self Pacing Materials Reinforcement Social Studies Relationships Senior Socially Socially Maladjusted Part Whole Relationships Senior High Grades Religion Sensory Sociology Sociology Religion Sensory Aids Remedial Sensory Training Solving Sequencing Problem Solving Remedial Approach Auditory Sequencing Songs Reproduction Visual Sequencing Reproduction Masters Songs Sequential Sounds Resource Sequential Approach Resource Guides Sounds Serial Space Resources Serial Ordering Space Community Resources Series Reversals Span Series Attention Span Reversals Set Rewards Auditory Attention Span Set Theory Spatial Rewards Sets Rhymes Spatial Orientation Sets Speech Nursery Rhymes Rhyming Sex Compressed Speech Cued Speech Rhyming Sex Education Shapes Figures of Speech Rhythms Parts of Speech Shapes Rhythms Speech Riddles Short Speech Handicapped Riddles Short Vowels Speech Tests

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 25 Speech Therapy Tactile Screening Tests Visible Speech Tactile Speech Tests Spelling Tactile Materials Standardized Tests Finger Spelling Tactual Tactual Tests Verbal Tests Spelling Tactual Perception Vision Tests Sports Tactual Stimuli Sports Vocational Aptitude Tests Tactual Tests Textbooks Sports Stories Talking Textbooks Standardized Talking Books Standardized Tests Tangible Theory Set Theory Stencils Tangible Apparatus Stencils Tape Therapy Art Therapy Stereoscopic Tape Cartridges Hearing Therapy Stereoscopic Slides Tape Cassettes Music Therapy Stimuli Tape Recorders Tapes Occupational Therapy Auditory Stimuli Physical Therapy Tactual Stimuli Audio Tapes Play Therapy Verbal Stimuli Reel to Reel Tapes Speech Therapy Visual Stimuli Video Tapes Thinking Stories Teacher Convergent Thinking Adventure Stories Teacher Developed Materials Divergent Thinking Mystery Stories Teacher Editions I .ogical Thinking Sports Stories Teuhing Three Story Initial Teaching Alphabet Three Dimensional Aids Story Cards Prescriptive Teaching Time Story Telling Teaching Machines Studies Technical Time Perspective Time Telling Social Studies Technical Education Study Newspapers Total Study Prints Nongraded Total Communication Study Skills Nongraded Toys Work Study Programs Nonverbal Toys Stuttering Techniques Tracking Visual Tracking Stuttering Classroom Observation Tech- Substitution niques Trainable Substitution Telephone Trainable Mentally Handicapped Subtraction Telephone Communication Sys- Training Subtraction tems Auditory Training Suburban Televised Inquiry Training Suburban Environment Televised Instruction Sensory Training Suffixes Television Visual Training Suffixes Educational Television Transparencies Summarizing Telling Transparencies Summarizing Story Telling Transportation Super Time Telling Trar, sportation Films Super 8mm Tests Tutoring Supplementary Achievement Tests Peer Tutoring Supplementary Reading Materials Aptitude Tests Type Syllabication Association Tests Large Type Materials Syllabication Attitude Tests Typewriting Synonyms Auditory Tests Typewriting Synonyms Culture Free Tests Unit Syntax Diagnostic Tests Unit Plans Group Tests Urban Syntax Individual Tests Urban Environment System Intelligence Tests Metric System Nonverbal Tests Value Systems Perception Tests Place Value Values Base Numbering Systems Performance Tests Telephone Communication Sys- Personality Tests Moral Values tems Preschool Tests Verbal Prognostic Tests Tachistoscopes Verbal Ability Projective Tests Verbal Communication Tachistoscopes Reading Tests Verbal Learning

26 July 1974 Verbal Stimuli Visual Stimuli Wheelchairs Verbal Tests Visual Tracking Wheelchairs Video Visual Training Whole Visually Video Tapes Part Whole Relationships Viewers Visually Handicapped Word Vocabulary Microimage Viewers Word Attack Core Vocabulary Visible Word Problems High Interest Low Vocabulary Words Visible Speech Protective Vocabulary Vision Sight Vocabulary Position Words Work 1.0wVision Aids Vocabulary Vision Tests Vocal Work Study Programs Visual Vocal Workbooks Auditory Visual Integration Vocational Workbooks Visua Vocational Adjustment Worksheets VisuaAcuity Vocational Aptitude Tests Worksheets VisuaClosure Vocational Education Worktexts Visua Vocational Rehabilitation Discrimination Worktexts VisuaFigure Ground Discrimina- Vowels tion Initial Vowels World VisuaImagery Long Vowels World History VisuaLearning Medial Vowels VisuaMemory Short Vowels Writing VisuaMotor Integration Vowels Braille Writing Devices VisuaPerception Weather Cursive Writing VisuaSequencing Manuscript Writing Weather Writing Skills

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 27 Thesaurus Categories

Behavioral Terms

Cognitive Processes

Curricular

Educational Levels/Interest Levels

Educational Programs

Employment Preparation

Equipment

Exce ptionalities /Dysfunctions

Form or Format/Non-Print

Form or Format/Print

Groups (Minoriiy)

Human Development

Instructional Approaches/Teaching Methods

Instructional Materials

Learning Modes

Prevention/Remediation/Therapy

Sensorimotor Skills

Skills

Tests/Evaluation

28 July 1974 CATEGORICAL LISTING OF DESCRIPTORS

Behavioral Terms Chemistry Holidays Child Care Homemaking Attention Span Choral Reading Homonyms Attitudes Citizenship Industrial Arts Behavior Rating Scales Civil Liberties Initial Consonants Behavioral Objectives Classification Initial Vowels Delinquents Color Concepts Insects Discriminatory Attitudes Community Helpers Islands Echolalia Community Resources Lakes Emotional Adjustment Computations Language Arts Emotional Development Conservation (Concept) Law Emotionally Disturbed Consonants Library Skills Self Control Consumer Education Likenesses-Differences Vocational Adjustment Context Clues Literature Continents Long Vowels Cognitive Processes Core Vocabulary Magnetism Correspondence Manuscript Writing Map Skills Abstract Reasoning Counting Associative Learning Crafts Mathematics Auditory Memory Cursive Writing Measurement Auditory Sequencing Daily Living Skills Mechanical Skills Auditory Visual Integration Decimals Medial Consonants Classification Demography Medial Vowels Closure Dental Health Metric System Computations Deserts Minerals Conservation (Concept) Developmental Reading Missing Factors Convergent Thinking Dictionary Skills Mixed Operations Divergent Thinking Digraphs Money Integration Diphthongs Money Management Logical Thinking Division Moral Values Matching Dramatics Mountains Memory Drawing Movement Education Part Whole Relationships Driver Education Multiplication Problem Solving Drug Education Music Serial Ordering Early Childhood Education Neighborhood Time Perspective Earth Sciences Notetaking Visual Imagery Economics Number Concepts Visual Sequencing Electricity Nutrition English Occupations Curricular English (Second Language) Oceans Environmental Education Operational Properties Abbreviations Erosion Outdoor Education Painting Addition Experiments Agriculture Expressive Language Part Whole Relationships Alcoholism Facts Parts of Speech Algebra Family Life Education Percent Alphabetizing Figures of Speech Phonics Alphabets Final Consonants Photography American History Fine Arts Physical Education Anatomy Following Directions Physica! Sciences Animals Fossils Physics Antonyms Fractions Physiology Application Forms Geography Place Value Art Geology Position Words Astronomy Geometry Prefixes Base Numbering Systems Government Prevocational Education Biology Grammar Protective Vocabulary Black History Graphic Arts Punctuation Blends Handwriting Ratio Calendars Health Reading Capitalization History Reading Comr cehension

Instructional Materials Thesaurus for Special Education 29 Receptive Language Grade 12 Exceptions / Recreation Infants Dysfunctions Regrouping Intermediate Grades Religion Junior High Grades Aphasia Rhyming Kindergarten Blind Rocks Mathematics Readiness Cerebral Palsy Rural Environment Multilevel Cluttering Safety Education Nongraded Custodial Mentally Handicapped Science Prereadiness Deaf Scouting Prevocational Education Deaf Blind Sculpture Primary Grades Echolalia Seasons Readiness Educable Mentally Handicapped Self Care Skills Reading Readiness Emotionally Disturbed Set Theory Senior High Grades Gifted Sets Hard of Hearing Sex Education Educational Language Handicapped Shapes Programs Learning Disabilities Short Vowels Left Handed Sight Reading Career Education Minimal Brain Dysfunction Sight Vocabulary Occupations Mongolism Signs Prevocational Education Multiply Handicapped Sizes Technical Education Omissions Skimming Vocational Adjustment Partially Sighted Social Skills Vocational Education Perceptually Handicapped Social Studies Vocational Rehabilitation Physically Handicapped Sociology Work Study Programs Reversals Space Socially Maladjusted Speech Employment Speech Handicapped Spelling Preparation Stuttering Sports Substitution Sports Stories Application Forms Trainable Mentally Handicapped Subtraction Visually Handicapped Suburban Environment Basic Adult Education Bilingual Education Suffixes Form or Format / Summarizing Career Education Syllabication Early Childhood Education Non-Print Synonyms Kindergarten Syntax Migrant Education Abacus Time Perspective Positive Reinforcement Adaptive Devices Time Telling Prevocational Education Alphabets Transportation Technical Education Aperture Cards Typewriting Vocational Education Audio Tapes Urban Environment Work Study Programs Audiotape Flashcards Vocabulary Braille Vocational Education Equipment Braille Books Vowels Captioned Films Weather Adaptive Devices Captioned Filmstrips Word Attack Audio Equipment Cards Word Problems Braille Writing Devices Cartoons Work Study Programs Educational Television Charts World History Electromechanical Aids Color Keyed Materials Equipment Dioramas Educational Levels / Listening Duplicating Masters Interest Levels Low Vision Aids Experience Charts Microimage Viewers Film Cartridges Basic Adult Education Microscopes Films Super 8mm Early Childhood Education Mobility Aids Films 16mm Grade I Phonographs Films 35mm Grade 2 Projection Equipment Films 8mm Grade 3 Prostheses Filmslips Grade 4 Realia Filmstrips Grade 5 Sensory Aids Flash Cards Grade 6 Tachistoscopes Games Grade 7 1 ape Recorders (lobes Grade 8 Teaching Machines Graphs Grade 9 Telephone Communication Systems Kinescope Recordings Grade 10 Three Dimensional Aids Kits Grade 11 Wheelchairs Large Type Materials

30 July 1974 Manipulative Materials Newspapers Computer Assisted Instruction Maps Nongraded Creative Activities Microfiche Nursery Rhymes Cued Speech Microfilms Pamphlets Deaf Interpreting Microform Periodicals Developmental Approach Micropaques Poetry Developmental Reading Microscope Slides Preprimers Donnn De lacato Method Models Primers Drill Multilevel Programmed Materials Enrichment Nemeth Code Reference Materials Experiential Method Nongraded Reproduction Masters Experiments Number Lines Resource Guides Extinction Phonograph Records Rhyming Finger Spelling Pictures Riddles Group Discussion Programmed Materials Science Fiction Hearing Therapy Puppets Self Pacing Materials Ino'vidualized Instruction Puzzles Songs Inquiry Training Raised Line Drawings Stencils Kinesthetic Rebus Supplementary Reading Materials Large Group Instruction Reel to Reel Tapes Tactile Materials Learning Activity Packages Reproduction Masters Teacher Editions Lipreading Sculpture Textbooks Manual Self Pacing Materials Unit Plans Manual Communication Slides Workbooks Montessori Method Songs Worksheets Motor Stencils Multimedia Instruction Stereoscopic Slides Groups (Minority) Music Therapy Story Cards Negative Reinforcement Study Prints Blacks Occupational Therapy Tactile Materials Eskimos Oral Communication Talking Books Ethnic Groups Parents Tangible Apparatus Indians Peer Tutoring Tape Cartridges Infants Piaget Approach Tape Cassettes Mexican Americans Play Therapy Video Tapes Minority Groups Positive Reinforcement Orientals Prescriptive Teaching Puerto Ricans Problem Solving Form or Format / Human Development Programmed Instruction Print Reinforcement Auditory Acuity Remedial Approach Rewards Activity Books Child Development Role Playing Adventure Stories Cognitive Development Scientific Method Animals Early Childhood Sensory Training Anthologies Emotional Adjustment Sequential Approach Application Forms Emotional Development Sight Method Autobiographies Infants Sign Language Bibliographies Language Development Biographies Simulation Perceptual Development Braille Books Small Group Instruction Physical Fitness Cartoons Story Telling Prereadiness Tactile Checklists Readiness Tactual Stimuli Comic Books Self Concept Curriculum Guides Social Development Teacher Developed Materials Dictionaries Televised Instruction Verbaktcommunication Duplicating Masters Visual Acuity Total Communication Encyclopedias Verbal Stimuli Fantasy Instructional Visible Speech Fiction Visual Humor Approaches / Teaching Methods Visual Stimuli Initial Teaching Alphabet Art Therapy Visual Training Inkprint Auditory Vocal Learning Activity Packages Auditory Stimuli Work Study Programs Literature Auditory Training Instructional Manuals Bibliotherapy Materials Multilevel Braille Mystery Stories Classroom Observation Techniques Mythology Abacus Compressed Speech Activity Books

Instructional Materials Thesaurusfor Special Education 31 Adaptive Devices Puppets Guidance Adventure Stories Puzzles HearingTherapy Alphabets Raised Line Drawings Low VisionAids Animals Realia MusicTherapy Aperture Cards Rebus NegativeReinforcement Application Forms Reel to Reel Tapes OccupationalTherapy Art Prints Reference Materials Orientationand Mobility Audio Tapes Reproduction Masters Parents Auc/ioripe Flashcards Rhyming PhysicalTherapy Audiovisual Aids Rhythms PiagetApproach ?Autobiographies Riddles Play Therapy Biographies Sculpture Prostheses braille Books Self Pacing Materials Calendars Series Rehabilitation Reinforcement Captioned Films Shapes Captioned Filmstrips Signs ReinedialApproach Cards Sizes Rewards Cartoons Slides Role Playing Charts Songs SensoryTraining Clothing Sounds SpeechTherapy Color Concepts Stencils VisualTraining Colo' Keyed Materials Stereoscopic Slides VocationalRehabilitation Comic Books Story Cards Study Prints Dictionaries SensorimotorSkills Dioramas Supplementary Reading Materials Duplicating Masters Tactile Materials AttentionSpan Encyclopedias Talking Books AuditoryAttention Span Experience Charts Tangible Apparatus AuditoryClosure Fantasy Tape Cartridges AuditoryDiscrimination Fiction Tape Cassettes Teacher Developed Materials AuditoryFigure Ground Film Cartridges Discrimination Films Super 8mm Teacher Editions Films 16mm Textbooks AuditoryMemory Films 35mm Toys AuditoryMotor Integration Films 8mm Transparencies AuditoryPerception Films lips Video Tapes AuditorySequencing Filmstrips 1.Vorkbooks AuditoryTraining Flash Cards Worksheets AuditoryVisual Integration Games orktexts Balance Globes Body Image Graphs Learning Modes Closure High Interest I ,ow Vocabulary Directionality Initial Teaching Alphabet Associative Learning Eye HanCoordination Kinescope Recordings Auditory FigureGround Perception Kits Auditory Learning Fine MotorSkills Large Type Materials Kinesthetic GrossMotor Skills Linguistically Based Materials Manual GustatoryPerception Motor KinestheticPerception literature Multisensory Laterality Manipulative Materials Nonverbal Learning Left toRight Progression Maps Perceptual Motor Learning ManualDexterity Microscope Slides Tactile MechanicalSkills Models Verbal Learning MovementEducation Money V:ial OlfactoryPerception Mystery Stories Visual Learning PerceptualMotor Learning Newspaper:; Vocal SensoryTraining Nonverbal Auditory Materials SpatialOrientation Number Lines Prevention / TactualPerception Nursery Rhymes Remediation / Therapy VisuaClosure Pamphlets VisuaDiscrimination Periodicals Adaptive Devices VisuaFigure Ground Discrimination Phonograph Records Art Therapy VisuaImagery Photographs Auditory Training VisuaMemory Pictures Bibliotheratiy VisuaMotor Integration Preut imers Developmental Approach VisuaPerception Primers Doman Delacato Method VisuaSequencing Programmed Materials Extinction VisuaTracking

34, July 1974 Skills Self Expression Culture Free Tests Skimming Diagnostic Tests Alphabetizing Social Skills Evaluation Articulation Study Skills Group Tests Daily Living Skills Total Communication Individual '-sts Dictionary Skills Verbal Ability Intelligence Tests Fine Motor Skills Verbal Communication Interest Scales Writing Skills Nonverbal Tests Gross Motor Skills Perception Tests Intonation Performance Tests Library Skills Tests / Evaluation Personality Tests Lipreading Preschool Tests Achievement Tests Prognostic Tests Manual Communication Aptitude Tests Projective Tests Map Skills Association Tests Reading Tests Mechanical Skills Attitude Tests Screening Tests Nonverbal Communication Auditory Tests Speech Tests Oral Communication Standardized Tests Behavior Rating Scales Tactual Tests Orientation and Mobility Checklists Self Care Skills Verbal Tests Classroom Observation Techniques Vision Tests

Instructional Materials Thesaurus forSpecial Education 33 TRAINING TERMS

These terms may be useful for the retrieval of materials concerned with the professional preparation of special education personnel. Since they are primarily professional in nature they have not Seen included in the regul. Thesaurus. The numbers following the various major word groupings refer t,) the categorical listings of terms as explained in the preface. For a more definitive listing of professional terms please consult the THESAURUS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILD EDUCATION, Third Edition, produced by the CEC Information Center on Exceptional Children.

I. TARGET POPULATION (TRAINEES)

consultants paraprofessionals special education teachers counselors parents speech therapists diagnosticians pre-service nersonnel supervisory personnel foster parents regular classroom teachers teacher aides health personnel remedial teachers volunteers house parents resource teachers

2. HANDICAPPING CONDITIONS

use Exceptionalities/Dysfunctions (8)

3.SPECIFIC SUBJECT AREAS (OBJECTIVES)

use Behavioral Terms (I) Learning Modes (15) Cognitive Processes (2) Sensory Motor Skills (17) Curricular (3) Skills (18)

4. AGE LEVELS

use Educational Levels/Interest Levels (4)

5.MODE OF PRESENTATION (FORMAT)

A.Media Format use Equipment (7) Form/Format Non-Print (9) Form/Format Print (10) B. Instructional Technique use Instructional Approaches/Teaching Methods (13) C. Presentation Format clinics institutes seminar computer assisted instruction lecture simulation demonstrations practicum workshops

6. TIME (LENGTH OF INSTRUCTION)

under 1 hour 1/2 day lweek year unit 1-2 hours 1 day 2-6 weeks variable 2.3 hours 2-3 days semester self-paced

7.EXPENSE (COST OF MATERIAL)

rental n/c $51.100 over $200 preview post/hand $101.150 purchase $0-50 $151-200 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS THESAURUS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION DESCRIPTOR JUSTIFICATION/MODIFICATION FORM

INSTRUCTIONS: Fill out this form completely, includingname and complete address. Incomplete information in any category seriously impairs its consideration.

1.Suggested: New Descriptor Modification of Descriptor New Definition Modification of Definition

2. New Descriptor:

3. Definition of new descriptor or modification of existing definition:

4. Example of how used, keyed to a specific instructional material. (Include publisher/vendorname and address)

5. To clarify usage of the descriptor, list any related terms, both broader andnarrower, currently in the thesaurus:

6. Any additional data that will further justify inclusion:

7. Person filling out form Address

City State Zip

8. Until further notice, please mail to: Carl F. Oldsen National Center on Educational Media and Materials for the Handicapped 220 West 12th Avenue The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210

For Committee Use

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