0022-3603 A Quarterly Issue JOURNAL

OF PHILIPPINE

STATISTICS

VOLUME 63 NUMBER 1 FIRST QUARTER 2012

Feature Article

Improving the Sampling Frame for Household- Based Surveys Using Digitized Satellite Maps

Republic of the PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

HIS EXCELLENCY PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III

NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE

CARMELITA N. ERICTA Administrator

PAULA MONINA G. COLLADO Deputy Administrator

ISSN 0022-3603

ii

C O N T E N T S

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Preface…...…………………………………………………………… iv Contents…...…………………………………………………………… v Statistical Tables…...………………………………………………… vi

Feature Article Improving the Sampling Frame for Household-Based Surveys using Digitized Satellite Maps………………………… 1

Section I - POPULATION AND HOUSING ……………………………… 11 Philippine Population Reaches 92.3 Million in 2010………. 11 Private Building Construction Statistics Third Quarter 2011 (Preliminary Results) …………...………. 13 Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT ………………………………… 33 Labor Force Survey: October 2011 …….………….…...……… 33 Labor Relations and Concerns …………………………….…. 37 Section III - TRAVEL AND TOURISM …………………………………….. 49 Visitor Arrivals to the Philippines: First Quarter 2012 ……… 49 Hotel Accommodations and Visitors' Average Length of Stay: First Quarter 2012 ……....………………………….. 52 Section IV -SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ………………………………………………. 61 Welfare Benefits and Services Fourth Quarter 2011 …………………………………………… 61

Section V - EDUCATION AND CULTURE ……………………………….. 74 Education Indicators: 2008-2012.……………………………… 74 Promotion of Culture and Arts ……………………………….. 77 NCCA launches new books…………………………………… 78 Section VI -HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS …………. 86 Health and Vital Indicators: 2011…………………………….. 86 Health Insurance Coverage: 2011……………………………. 87 Health Care Treatment: 2011…………………………………… 90 Hospital Care: 2011 ……………………………………………… 93

Section VII DEFENSE, CRIME AND DELINQUENCY .…………………. 105 Crime Indicators: Fourth Quarter 2011 ……………………… 105 Human Rights Violation Cases: 2010-2011 108 S T A T I S T I C A L T A B L E S

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Section I - POPULATION AND HOUSING

1.1 Total population by region, by province and by highly urbanized cities: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ……………………… 19 1.2 Annual growth rates by region, by province and by highly urbanized cities: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ……………………… 23 1.3 Comparative construction statistics by type of building Third Quarter 2010 and 2011 ….……………………………… 27 1.4 Number of new residential building construction started floor area and value of constructions by type and by region : Third Quarter 2011 ….………………………… 29 1.5 Number of new non-residential building construction started floor area and value of constructions by type and by region : Third Quarter 2011 ….………………………… 30 1.6 Number of new commercial building construction started floor area and value of constructions by type and by region : Third Quarter 2011 …………………………… 31 1.7 Number of new industrial building construction started floor area and value of constructions by type and by region : Third Quarter 2011 …………………………. 32

Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

2.1 Comparative labor statistics: October 2010 and 2011 ……… 39 2.2 Employed persons by industry, occupation, class of worker and hours worked: October 2011 ………………… 40 2.3 Underemployed persons by hours worked and industry and unemployed persons by age group, sex and highest grade completed: October 2010 and 2011 …… 41 2.4 Rates of labor force participation, employment unemployment and underemployment by region October 2011 …………………………………………………… 43 2.5 Strike and lockout notices and actual strikes and lockouts: Fourth Quarter 2011 …………………………… 44 2.6 Strike and lockout notices, actual strikes and lockouts and preventive mediation cases by region January to December 2011 …………………………………… 45 STATISTICAL TABLES - Continued

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Section III - TRAVEL AND TOURISM

3.1 Visitor arrivals by country of residence First Quarter 2011 and 2012 …………………………………… 54 3.2 Visitor arrivals by country of residence March 2011 and 2012 …………………………………………… 57 3.3 Top ten travel markets First Quarter 2011 and 2012 …...……………………………… 60 3.4 Average occupancy rates of hotels in by classification: First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ……………… 60

Section IV -SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Number of disadvantaged children served by program/project/service by sex and by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011 ………………………………… 66 4.2 Number of youth served by program/project/service by sex and by region: Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011……… 67 4.3 Number of women served by program/project/service and by region: Fourth Quarter 2011..………………………… 69 4.4 Number of persons with disabilities (PWDs) served by program/project/service, by sex and by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011…...…………………………… 71 4.5 Number of senior citizens (SCs) served by program/project/service by sex and by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011 ………………………………… 72

Section V - EDUCATION AND CULTURE

5.1 Net participation rate in public elementary schools SY 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 ………………………………… 82 5.2 Net participation rate in public secondary schools SY 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 ………………………………… 82 5.3 Cohort survival rate in public and private elementary schools SY 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 ………………………………… 83 5.4 Cohort survival rate in public and private secondary schools SY 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 ………………………………… 83 STATISTICAL TABLES - Concluded

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5.5 Enrolment in public and private schools by level of education: SY 2010-2011 and SY 2011-2012 …………… 84 5.6 Number of public and private schools ………………………… 84

Section VI - HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS

6.1 Health insurance coverage …………………………………… 96 6.2 Philhealth insurance coverage ………………………………… 97 6.3 Treatment-seeking behavior …………………………………… 98 6.4 Use of specific types of health facilities ……………………… 99 6.5 Reason for seeking health care ……………………………… 101 6.6 Average travel time to health facility visited ………………… 102 6.7 Use of specific types of health facilities ……………………… 103

Section VII DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY

7.1 Total crime volume and efficiency rate by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011………………………………… 109 7.2 Index and non-index crimes by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011………………………………… 109 7.3 Crimes against persons by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011………………………………… 110 7.4 Crimes against property by region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011 ………………………………… 111 7.5 Incidence of alleged human rights violation by region 2012 …………..…………………………………………………… 112 7.6 Number of human rights violations cases by region and by case type: 2009 ………………………………………… 113 Feature Article

Improving the Sampling Frame for Household-Based Surveys Using Digitized Satellite Maps1

by Florante C. Varona2 and Josephine O. Tabernilla3

Abstract to produce reliable labor force estimates at the province level. This sampling design also served as prototype or model For several years now, the for the development of the new master Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) is sample for household-based surveys. working continuously to develop and improve the master sample design and to This paper aims to illustrate the enhance the sampling frame of PSA’s experience in the development of household-based surveys, such as, the sampling frame for the two pilot Labor Force Survey (LFS), Family provinces. The sampling frame Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), development involved the formation of Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS), primary sampling units (PSUs) with about Survey on Overseas (SOF), similar sizes ranging from 100 to 400 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass households. The sampling design was Media Survey (FLEMMS), etc. based on Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) which consider the number of The PSA is currently using the households as the measure of size. The 2003 master sample (MS) design to cater information on the number of households several household-based surveys. The was obtained from the results of 2010 2003 MS design can only provide reliable CPH. To give more emphasis on the estimates at the regional level. With the reduction of non-sampling error, clearer availability of data from the results of the and more precise PSU boundaries would 2010 Census of Population and Housing be necessary. The use of available (CPH), the plan to develop a 2010 CPH- satellite imagery in constructing based master sample that will provide segment/PSU boundaries was reliable province level estimates had recommended not only for the pilot been pursued and started. provinces but for other provinces as well. Using digitized satellite maps (i.e, Google Recently, the PSA in collaboration Earth digitized maps) together with the with the International Labor Organization 2010 CPH listing forms and available (ILO) Manila carried out a pilot survey for sketch census maps (i.e., 2010 CPH the labor force that will produce reliable enumeration area (EA) maps and block estimates at the provincial level. Two (2) maps for congested areas), the pilot provinces, Antique and Agusan del determination of appropriate Sur, were identified as the pilot survey segment/PSU boundaries were relatively domains to carry out this project. A became more precise. sampling design was developed primarily 1 2 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

1.1 Introduction In constructing area sampling frame it is vital and important to have a An essential aspect in the properly identified boundaries of the development of master sample for location of each of the sampling units. several household-based surveys is the Thus, it is necessary to consider the sampling frame. The quality of the current available tools and technology sampling frame has a significant such as Digital Cartography, Satellite implication on the quality of the survey. Images, Global Positioning System Inadequate and flawed construction of (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite sampling frame can be a source of non- Systems (GLONASS), etc for the sampling error, specifically under- construction of area sampling frame. coverage of some important population Many developed countries in America, sub-groups and overlapping of segment Europe, Asia, and Africa already applies boundaries causing workload confusion the technology in developing area on the part of the enumerators. sampling frames (Martinez, 2013, Issues concerning frame construction “Improving the Use of GPS, GIS, and RS, had to be addressed before proceeding for Setting Up a Master Sample Frame”). with the various stages of sampling design. This paper covers the initial stage In 2012, the NSO, in collaboration of the master sample frame development with the International Labor Organization for the two pilot provinces, Antique and (ILO) Manila carried out a pilot survey on Agusan del Norte using the current tools the labor force that will produce reliable and technology, particularly, digital estimates at the provincial level. satellite images downloaded from google earth digitized maps website and One of the important activities in digitized census Enumeration Area (EA) the development of a sampling frame in maps produced using digital cartography. the two pilot provinces, Agusan del Sur and Antique, is the formation of segments/area that will be used as the 1.2 The Sampling Frame Development Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). This activity is done with the aid of satellite A sampling frame is defined as images of the area from google earth the set of source materials from which maps. For those areas with no available the sample is selected. It must be useful clear satellite images, census block maps to the extent that the elements in the were used instead. Figure 1 shows the sampling frame can be easily identified digitized Enumeration Area (EA) map of and accessed. It must include auxiliary EA0600 of Barangay Poblacion, in the information to be used for developing Municipality of Bayugan, Agusan del Sur. sample selection schemes and in the Figure1. Digitized Enumeration Area (EA) formulation of estimation procedure. It is Map of EA0600 of Barangay Poblacion, also advantageous to develop a sampling Bayugan, Agusan del Sur frame that is complete, accurate, and up to date. A sampling frame can be a list frames, area frames or a mixed frames. An area frame contains sampling units (segments) which is a partition or segment of the territory where the population is located.

IMPROVING THE SAMPLING FRAME FOR HOUSEHOLD-BASED SURVEYS… 3

The Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) During the initial stage of in this pilot study can be either of the sampling frame development, it was following: (1) an enumeration area (EA); decided to create PSUs with number of (2) a group of EAs in the same barangay; households ranging approximately from (3) a single barangay; (4) two or more 100 to 400. Shifting the sampling domain barangays within the same municipality. from region to province would need more The PSUs are the elements or the sample PSUs at the province/domain clusters to be selected first in a multi- level. Thus, the choice of limiting to only stage cluster design. It also contains sub- about 100 to 400 households per units of households which will be cluster/PSU creates more numbers of selected in the succeeding selection PSUs in the sampling frame. In the stage. 2003 MS, a PSU had at least 500

Total number of PSUs and Sample PSUs in 2003 Master Sample and the New Master Sample (Pilot) in Agusan del Sur and Antique

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500 households, and their average PSU Clustering would always lead to size was 923 households. Table 1 shows an increase in the standard error of the total number of PSUs in the frame survey estimate relative to the standard and number of sample PSUs for both error of the same estimate when simple 2003 Master Sample and the New random sampling (SRS) is used. Hence, Master Sample for the pilot survey. the design effect would increase as a result of the complex design but would reduce total survey cost significantly by 1.2.1 Two-Stage Design for Pilot decreasing listing and enumeration costs. Province Domain The resulting savings in enumerator’s travel cost more than offset the effects of The pilot study in Agusan del Sur clustering on sampling errors (United and Antique applied a two-stage cluster Nations Statistics Division, 1986). design. The number of PSUs per round

was 32 for a total of 128 sample PSUs 1.2.2 PSU Formation per year to provide province level estimates. A total of 12 sample The purpose of PSU Formation is households were selected for each of the to create area segments from the existing selected PSUs for a total of 1,536 sample EAs/Barangays. The segments are households. Figure 2 illustrates the two- created either by splitting to form two or stage cluster design applied in the two more area segments or by merging to pilot provinces. form one segment by combining small adjacent EAs/Barangays. Area IMPROVING THE SAMPLING FRAME FOR HOUSEHOLD-BASED SURVEYS… 5

segments must be contiguous, Thus, not all digitized map and accessible, follow the standard Philippine satellite images of large barangay/EA in geographic boundaries, and meet Agusan del Sur and Antique are available specified measure of size, that is, the for downloading in google maps. number of households per area segment should be within 100 to 400. In the absence of available google earth maps of an EA/barangay, Dividing a large barangay/EA to the sketch maps and/or census block form new segment/s of the area requires maps prepared during the conduct of the detailed maps which have properly and 2010 Census of Population and Housing accurately drawn boundaries. Without (CPH) were used. There was an initial any accurate and reliable barangay/EA attempt to digitize census maps of maps, it is virtually difficult to segment barangays with multiple EAs in selected geographic areas. regions with the aid of Global Positioning System (GPS) device. However, this Satellite images from google digital mapping exercise has yet to earth maps with overlaid digitized census produce comprehensive digitized maps map of a barangay/EA served as the for all barangays/EAs in the country. most ideal reference map in the Figure 3 illustrates the framework in segmentation process. However, only the developing Segmentation or PSU major cities in the Philippines in its lowest Formation guidelines in Agusan del Sur zoom level with identifiable street and Antique. patterns and landmarks area available.

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Figure 4 shows the flow of area accordance with the set rules and segmentation during PSU formation in criteria. On the other hand, Agusan del Sur and Antique in 2012. EAs/Barangays with less than 100 Only those EAs/Barangays not within the households are considered small and 100 to 400 household range underwent were merged to its adjacent EA/s within segmentation. EAs/Barangays with more the same barangay. On the other hand, than 400 households are considered small barangays were merged to its Large and were divided into segment in adjacent barangay/s in the same municipality.

IMPROVING THE SAMPLING FRAME FOR HOUSEHOLD-BASED SURVEYS… 7

1.2.3 Defining Segment Boundaries area using the Forestry Geographic Information System (fGIS) software tools. Defining segment boundaries The overlaid digitized map in a satellite requires intensive work that includes field image helps reveal the existence of verification with the use of digitized natural boundaries such as rivers, roads satellite maps and census block maps to or street patterns, and known land marks identify and recognize required in the area. Clusters of roofs shown boundaries. In PSU formation, a within the area can also help in barangay or EA is considered large if it determining the presence and number of exceeds the maximum number of 400 housing units. Thus, pre-segmentation households. In Agusan del Sur, a total of can be done before doing actual field 66 barangays/EAs are identified as large. verification of the proposed segments. However, only seven of this number have Figure 5a illustrates the segmented readily available satellite images. The EA0100 of Barangay Poblacion, Belison, satellite images of the barangays/EAs Antique using digitized satellite image have to be downloaded first from the while Figure 5b shows the segmented internet. The downloaded digital image of map of Barangay Funda in Hamtic, barangay/EA will then be further Antique using census block maps from enhanced by overlaying on top a 2010 CPH. corresponding digitized map of the same

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Another example of split large Barangay in Hamtic, Antique. Barangay Funda, is a single-EA barangay composed of nine blocks that was divided to form two segments using census block maps (for areas with no available digitized satellite image)

Table2 shows the total number of PSUs formed in Antique (481 PSUs) and in Agusan del Sur (487 PSUs)

Table 2. Total Number of PSUs Formed in in Agusan del Sur and Antique

1.3 PSU Schematic for the New Master roof and weak wall, (2) Strong roof and Sample (Pilot) strong wall, (3) Weak wall and weak roof, and (4) Weak roof, strong wall. The The PSUs are divided into four PSUs In each stratum are divided further strata according to the construction of into two mutually exclusive and roofs and walls. These are: (1) Strong exhaustive geographic substrata. Towns IMPROVING THE SAMPLING FRAME FOR HOUSEHOLD-BASED SURVEYS… 9

are listed from north-to-south to form Table 3 illustrates the PSU eight strata with approximately equal schematic for the new Master Sample number of households. Each of the eight (Pilot). Four sample PSUs are selected strata was split into two replicates each and allocated for each of the eight strata of size two PSUs. The two PSUs are per round. These were assigned into two drawn without replacements. replicates with having two PSUs each.

Table 3. Primary Sampling Unit Schematic for the New Master Sample (Pilot)

1.4 Conclusion shown within the area can also help in determining the presence of residents, The experience in sampling frame community, and villages. This information development in the two pilot provinces in could vastly improve the quality of new 2012 using google earth maps or master sample frame for household- digitized satellite images and 2010 based surveys. census block maps facilitates the development of PSU formation guidelines On the other aspect, we should that were recommended and applied to always take into account the total survey all provinces in the country for the error in making inference about a development of new master sample. population based on a sample. Total survey error has two components, The overlaid digitized map in a sampling error and non-sampling error. satellite image that helps reveal the One potential source of non-sampling existence of natural boundaries such as error is unclear and possible overlapping rivers, roads or street patterns, and segment boundaries. Aiming for more known land marks in the area, results precise segment boundaries using into a clearer and non-overlapping modern cartographic tools and navigation segment boundaries Clusters of roofs satellite technology can reduce sampling 10 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

frame deficiency and reduced non- sampling error. In effect, the total survey error will be reduced and subsequently improve the quality of data.

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1 Paper presented at the 12th National Convention on Statistics on October 1-2, 2013, EDSA Shangri-la Hotel

2 Statistician IV, Household Statistics Department, PSA- NSO

3 Statistician I, Households Statistics Department, PSA- NSO

References

David, I, (2012), “Pilot Provincial LFS Project Report”, International Labor Organization (ILO) Manila

Martinez, L.(2013), “Improving the Use of GPS, GIS, and RS, for Setting Up a Master Sample Frame”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Dietz, E (2002) “Reducing Nonsampling Error in the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Compensation Survey” US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Compensation Program, Washington DC

Turner A (2003), “Sampling Frame and Master Sample”, Expert Group Meeting to Review the Draft Handbook on Designing of Household Sample Survey, United Nation Statistics Division

United Nations Statistics Division (1986), “Sampling Frames and Sample Designs for Integrated Household Survey Programmes”,

National Household Survey Capability Programme, United Nations, New York. https://maps.google.com

Section I – POPULATION AND HOUSING `

Philippine Population Household - a social unit consisting of a person or a group of Reaches 92.34 Million persons who sleep in the same housing in 2010 unit and have common arrangements in the preparation and consumption of food Introduction Institutional population – the population enumerated in institutional In August 2010, the National living quarters or institution such as jails Statistics Office (NSO) conducted the or prisons, military camps, convents or 2007 Census of Population. This seminaries, mental hospitals, leprosaria, th nationwide undertaking was the 13 and the like population census conducted in the country. Total population - the sum of household population and institutional Like the previous censuses, the population 2010 Census of Population is designed to take an inventory of the total Average household size - population in the Philippines and to average number of persons who live in a collect information about their household computed as household characteristics. The census of population population divided by the corresponding is the source of information on the size total number of households in that area and distribution of the population as well as information about the demographic, social, economic, and cultural Sex ratio – ratio of males to characteristics. These information are females in a given population expressed vital for making rational plans and as the number of males per 100 females programs for national and local development. Median age – age at which exactly half of the population is younger Using 12:01 in the morning of than this age and other half is older than May 1, 2010 as reference period, all it persons were enumerated in their usual place of residence, which is the Overall dependency ratio – geographic place ( street, barangay, sitio, ratio of persons in the dependent ages municipality, or province) where the (under 15 years old and over 64 years person usually resides. old) to persons in the working ages (15 to 64 years old).

Definition of Terms Analysis of Tables

Growth rate – the rate at which The country's population increases by the population is increasing (or 15.83 million decreasing) in a given period due to natural increase and net migration The total population of the expressed as a percentage of the base Philippines as of May 1, 2010 is population 92,337,852 based on the 2010 Census of 11 12 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Population and Housing. The census Among the provinces, Cavite had counts up to the barangay level were the largest population with 3.09 million. made official with the signing by Bulacan had the second largest with 2.92 President Benigno S. Aquino III of million and Pangasinan had the third Proclamation No. 362 on March 30, largest with 2.78 million. 2012. Six other provinces surpassed the The 2010 population is higher by two million mark: Laguna (2.67 million); 15.83 million compared to the 2000 , excluding its three highly population of 76.51 million. In 1990, the urbanized cities Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu total population was 60.70 million. City, and Mandaue City (2.62 million); Rizal (2.48 million); Negros Occidental, excluding Bacolod City (2.40 million); Census Census Philippine Population Year Reference Date (In Millions) Batangas (2.38 million) and Pampanga, excluding Angeles City (2.01 million). 2010 May 1, 2010 92.34 2000 May 1, 2000 76.51 1990 May 1, 1990 60.50 The provinces with a population of less than 100,000 persons were Batanes (16,604), Camiguin (83,807), Population grows by 1.9 percent and Siquijor (91,066). annually

Four highly urbanized cities (HUCs) The Philippine population record more than one million increased at the rate of 1.90 percent population annually, on the average, during the period 2000-2010. This means that there were two persons added per year for Of the 33 highly urbanized cities every 100 persons in the population. (HUC), four surpassed the one million mark. Three of such HUCs are in NCR: (2.76 million), City of Manila Average Annual Growth Rate (1.65 million), and City (1.49 Reference Period for the Philippines million). Outside NCR, only Davao City (In Percent) has a population of more than one million 2000-2010 1.90 (1.45 million). 1990-2000 2.34 The 2010 Census of Population and Housing (2010 CPH) was , NCR, and Central undertaken by the National Statistics comprise more than one-third of Office in May-June 2010 pursuant to the total population Batas Pambansa Blg. 72 and Commonwealth Act 591. About 82,000 Among the 17 regions, fieldworkers, majority of who were CALABARZON (Region IVA) had the DepEd public school teachers, were largest population with 12.61 million, deployed during the nationwide census followed by the National Capital Region taking in 2010. The 2010 CPH was (NCR) with 11.86 million and Central designed to take an inventory of the Luzon (Region III) with 10.14 million. The population and housing units in the population of these three regions Philippines nationwide and to collect together comprised more than one-third information about their characteristics. (37.47 percent) of the Philippine Information on the count of the population. population and living quarters were collected with 12:01 a.m. of May 1, 2010 Cavite tops in population size as the census reference time and date.

POPULATION AND HOUSING 13

The population counts proclaimed not to construction work completed by the President as official for all during the reference period. purposes were based on census questionnaires accomplished by the The completeness of the number enumerators all over the country. These of building permits collected relies on the questionnaires were processed in applications filed and approved by the Census Processing Centers using the Offices of Local Building Officials (LBOs). Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) Hence, private building constructions technology along with the Census without approved building permits are not Integrated Processing System developed included in the tabulation of data. by NSO for this purpose.

The successful completion of Definition of Terms census-taking was made possible with the support of the local and national Building permit – a written officials, government agencies, local authorization granted by the LBO to an government units, media, private applicant allowing him to proceed with agencies, and non-government the construction of a specific project after organizations. plans, specifications, and other pertinent documents have been found to be in conformity with the National Building Private Building Code (PD 1096) Construction Statistics Third Quarter 2011 Building - any independent, free standing structure comprising of one or (Preliminary Results) more rooms or other spaces, covered by a roof and enclosed with external walls or Scope and Coverage dividing walls, which extend the foundation to the roof Private construction statistics from approved building permits relate to Residential building – a building data on new constructions and additions, for which its major parts or more than alterations, and repairs of residential and half of its gross floor area is built for non-residential buildings and other dwelling purposes; this type of building structures undertaken in all regions and can be of the single type, duplex, an provinces of the country. apartment and/or accessoria, and

residential condominium Source of Information

Data were taken from the original Single house – a complete application forms of approved building structure intended for a single family permits collected by NSO field personnel from local building officials nationwide. Duplex – a structure intended for two households with complete living

facilities for each; a single structure Limitations divided into two dwelling units by a wall extending from the floor to the ceiling Data on private building constructions refer to those proposed to Apartment – a structure, usually of be constructed or construction work two storeys, made up of independent started during the reference period and

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living quarters, with independent estimated value of the building or entrances from internal walls and courts structure when completed.

Accessoria – a one-or two-floor Analysis of Tables structure divided into several dwelling units, each dwelling unit having its own Number of new construction separate entrance from the outside increases by 5.4 percent

Residential condominium – a A total count of 25,255 new structure, usually of several storeys, construction projects from approved consisting of multiple dwelling units building permits in the country were reported for the third quarter of 2011. Other residential constructions – This number registered an increase of consist of school or company staff 5.4 percent compared to 23,970 houses, living quarters for drivers and construction projects over the same maids, and guardhouses period in 2010.

Non-residential building – this Residential type building recorded type includes commercial, industrial, a total of 18,154 in the third quarter of agricultural, and institutional buildings 2011. This reflects a 3.0 percent growth from the third quarter of 2010 with 17,618 Additions or alterations and residential constructions. Likewise, non- repairs – construction works by which residential construction for the period the utility of building or structure is raised grew 7.6 percent to 3,377 from 3,138 or at least renewed, or which materially during the same quarter of 2010. extends the normal life of the building or structure Approved applications for Demolitions – the systematic additions, alterations and repairs of dismantling or destruction of a building or existing structures with a combined total structure or in part of 3,724 increased by 15.9 percent from 3,214 approved applications recorded Street furniture -- street structures during the same quarter of 2010. Figure consisting of monuments, waiting sheds, 1 compares the number of new benches, plant boxes, lampposts, electric construction projects for the third poles, and telephone poles quarters of 2010 and 2011.

Floor area of building – the sum of the area of each floor of the building measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, cellars, elevator shafts, and all communal spaces in multidwellings; areas of balconies are excluded

Total value of construction – the sum of the cost of building, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and others; the value is derived from the approved building permit and represents the

POPULATION AND HOUSING 15

At the regional level, the most For areas outside NCR, seven number of construction projects were provinces listed below contributed the located in the following: biggest share in terms of the number of construction projects during the third • CALABARZON with 5,516, quarter 2011. These provinces recorded (21.8%) number of construction projects • Central Luzon with 2,972, exceeding a thousand mark: (11.8%) • National Capital Region • Cavite with 1,869, (7.4%) (NCR) with 2,923, (11.6%) • Davao del Sur with 1,704, (6.7%) • Davao Region with 2,699, • Bulacan with 1,334, (5.3%) (10.7%) • Laguna with 1,132, (4.5%) • Central with 2,449, • Cebu with 1,071, (4.2%) (9.7%). • Batangas with 1,031, (4.1%) • Rizal with 1,005, (4.0%).

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Value of construction project Similarly, value for non-residential contracts by 10.0 percent building construction, fell by 21.6 percent to PHP14.2 billion from PHP18.1 billion Aggregate value of construction registered during the same quarter of projects during the third quarter of 2011 2010. decreased 10.0 percent to PHP41.6 billion from PHP46.3 billion posted during However, combined value of the same quarter of 2010. construction for additions, alterations and repairs of existing structures, estimated Value of construction for at PHP7.2 billion, significantly rose 97.0 residential type building exhibited a percent from PHP3.6 billion registered decrease of 17.4 percent to PHP20.3 during the same period of 2010. Figure 3 billion from PHP24.6 billion during the compares the aggregate value of same period of 2010. construction by type of building for the third quarters of 2010 and 2011.

Across the country, value of with a total floor area of 2.4 million construction for the NCR remained square meters, translating to an average highest at PHP13.4 billion, accounting for cost of PHP8,554 per square meter. This 32.1 percent share of the total value. figure represents a slight decrease of 2.9 CALABARZON and Central Luzon percent compared with the average cost ranked second and third with respective of PHP8,811 per square meter of the shares of 22.6 percent (PHP9.4 billion) previous year. and 9.8 percent (PHP4.1 billion). Comprising about 88.3 percent of Average cost per square meter of the total approved building permits for residential building construction is residential building construction were PHP8,554 applications for single type residential units. This type of construction numbered Total value of construction for 16,031 projects with a total floor area of residential buildings was PHP20.3 billion 1.6 million square meters and an

POPULATION AND HOUSING 17

aggregate value of PHP12.1 billion. This Duplex type residential building translates to an average cost of recorded a total of 305 construction PHP7,736 per square meter. projects or 1.7 percent of the total residential construction. Total value for Approved building permits for this type amounted to PHP380.5 million apartment/accessoria reached 1,723 and a total floor area of 49.5 thousand representing 9.5 percent of total square meters or an average cost of residential construction. This type of PHP7,684 per square meter. Figure 4 residential building construction had an displays the percentage distribution of estimated construction value of PHP3.5 the number and value of residential billion with total floor area of 492.6 building construction by type for the third thousand square meters or an average quarter of 2011. cost of PHP7,026 per square meter.

Commercial type dominates non- total floor area of 1.0 million square residential building construction meters or an average cost of PHP7,637 with 1,973 projects per square meter.

The total value of non-residential Institutional building building construction reached PHP14.2 construction reported a total of 503 billion with a total floor area of 1.8 million construction projects (14.9%) with square meters translating to an average construction value of PHP3.1 billion and cost of PHP7,752 per square meter. a total floor area of 324.6 thousand square meters or an average cost of More than half (58.4%) of the PHP9,505 per square meter. total approved building permits for non- residential was for commercial building One in every ten (10.8%) non- construction with 1,973 applications. residential projects was for the Value of construction for this type was construction of industrial type building estimated at PHP8.0 billion covering a with 364 construction projects. The total value of industrial construction amounted to PHP2.3 billion with a total floor area of 18 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

337.5 thousand square meters. This estimated at PHP522.0 million covering a reflects to an average cost of PHP6,868 total floor area of 120.9 thousand square per square meter. meters, indicating an average cost of PHP4,318 per square meter. Figure 5 Agricultural type building reported shows the number and value of non- the least number of non-residential residential building construction by type construction with 160 or 4.7 percent of for the third quarter of 2011. the total. Construction value was

POPULATION AND HOUSING 19

TABLE 1.1 Total Population by Region, by Province and by Highly Urbanized Cities 1990, 2000 and 2010

Total Population

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1-May-90 1-May-00 1-May-10

Philippines 60,703,810 a 76,506,928 b 92,337,852 c

National Capital Region 7,948,392 9,932,560 11,855,975 City of Las Piñas 297,102 472,780 552,573 City of 453,170 471,379 529,039 City of 280,027 338,855 353,337 City of 248,143 278,474 328,699 City of Manila 1,601,234 1,581,082 1,652,171 City of 310,227 391,170 424,150 City of 278,411 379,310 459,941 City of 187,479 230,403 249,131 City of Parañaque 308,236 449,811 588,126 City of 397,679 505,058 669,773 City of San Juan 126,854 117,680 121,430 City of Valenzuela 340,227 485,433 575,356 Caloocan City 763,415 1,177,604 1,489,040 City 368,366 354,908 392,869 51,409 57,407 64,147 Quezon City 1,669,776 2,173,831 2,761,720 City 266,637 467,375 644,473

Cordillera Administrative Region 1,146,191 1,365,412 1,616,867 Abra 184,743 209,491 234,733 Apayao 74,720 97,129 112,636 (excluding City) 302,715 330,129 403,944 Baguio City 183,142 252,386 318,676 Ifugao 147,281 161,623 191,078 Kalinga 137,055 174,023 201,613 Mountain Province 116,535 140,631 154,187

Region I – Ilocos Region 3,550,642 4,200,478 4,748,372 Ilocos Norte 461,661 514,241 568,017 Ilocos Sur 519,966 594,206 658,587 La Union 548,742 657,945 741,906 Pangasinan 2,020,273 2,434,086 2,779,862

Region II – Cagayan Valley 2,340,545 2,813,159 3,229,163 Batanes 15,026 16,467 16,604 Cagayan 829,867 993,580 1,124,773 Isabela 1,080,341 1,287,575 1,489,645 Nueva Vizcaya 301,179 366,962 421,355 Quirino 114,132 148,575 176,786

Continued 20 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.1 -- Continued

Total Population

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1-May-90 1-May-00 1-May-10

Region III – Central Luzon 6,338,590 8,204,742 10,137,737 Aurora 139,573 173,797 201,233 Bataan 425,803 557,659 687,482 Bulacan 1,505,219 2,234,088 2,924,433 Nueva Ecija 1,312,680 1,659,883 1,955,373 Pampanga (excluding Angeles City) 1,295,929 1,618,759 2,014,019 Angeles City 236,686 263,971 326,336 Tarlac 859,708 1,068,783 1,273,240 Zambales (excluding Olongapo City) 369,665 433,542 534,443 Olongapo City 193,327 194,260 221,178

Region IVA – CALABARZON 6,349,452 9,320,629 12,609,803 Batangas 1,476,783 1,905,348 2,377,395 Cavite 1,152,534 2,063,161 3,090,691 Laguna 1,370,232 1,965,872 2,669,847 Quezon (excluding Lucena City) 1,221,831 1,482,955 1,740,638 Lucena City 150,624 196,075 246,392 Rizal 977,448 1,707,218 2,484,840

Region IVB – 1,774,074 2,299,229 2,744,671 Marinduque 185,524 217,392 227,828 Occidental Mindoro 282,593 380,250 452,971 Oriental Mindoro 550,049 681,818 785,602 Palawan (excluding Puerto Princesa City) 436,140 593,500 771,667 Puerto Princesa City 92,147 161,912 222,673 Romblon 227,621 264,357 283,930

Region V – Bicol Region 3,910,001 4,686,669 5,420,411 Albay 903,785 1,090,907 1,233,432 Camarines Norte 390,982 470,654 542,915 Camarines Sur 1,305,919 1,551,549 1,822,371 Catanduanes 187,000 215,356 246,300 Masbate 599,355 707,668 834,650 Sorsogon 522,960 650,535 740,743

Region VI – Western Visayas 5,393,333 6,211,038 7,102,438 Aklan 380,497 451,314 535,725 Antique 406,361 472,822 546,031 Capiz 584,091 654,156 719,685 Guimaras 117,990 141,450 162,943 Iloilo (excluding Iloilo City) 1,337,981 1,559,182 1,805,576 Iloilo City 309,505 366,391 424,619 Negros Occidental (excluding Bacolod City) 1,892,728 2,136,647 2,396,039 Bacolod City 364,180 429,076 511,820

Continued POPULATION AND HOUSING 21

Table 1.1 -- Continued

Total Population

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1-May-90 1-May-00 1-May-10

Region VII – Central Visayas 4,594,124 5,706,953 6,800,180 948,403 1,139,130 1,255,128 Cebu (excluding Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu City and Mandaue City) 1,709,621 2,160,569 2,619,362 Cebu City 610,417 718,821 866,171 Lapu-lapu City 146,194 217,019 350,467 Mandaue City 180,285 259,728 331,320 Negros Oriental 925,272 1,130,088 1,286,666 Siquijor 73,932 81,598 91,066

Region VIII – Eastern Visayas 3,054,490 3,610,355 4,101,322 Biliran 118,012 140,274 161,760 Eastern Samar 329,335 375,822 428,877 Leyte (excluding Tacloban City) 1,230,925 1,413,697 1,567,984 Tacloban City 1 136,891 178,639 221,174 Northern Samar 383,654 500,639 589,013 Samar (Western Samar) 533,733 641,124 733,377 Southern Leyte 321,940 360,160 399,137

Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula 2,281,064 2,831,412 3,407,353 City of Isabela 59,078 73,032 97,857 Zamboanga del Norte 676,862 823,130 957,997 Zamboanga del Sur (excluding Zamboanga City) 695,741 836,217 959,685 Zamboanga City 442,345 601,794 807,129 Zamboanga Sibugay 407,038 497,239 584,685

Region X – Northern 2,811,646 3,505,708 4,297,323 Bukidnon 843,891 1,060,415 1,299,192 Camiguin 64,247 74,232 83,807 Lanao del Norte (excluding Iligan City) 387,524 473,062 607,917 Iligan City 226,568 285,061 322,821 Misamis Occidental 424,365 486,723 567,642 Misamis Oriental (excluding Cagayan de Oro City) 525,453 664,338 813,856 Cagayan de Oro City 339,598 461,877 602,088

Region XI – Davao Region 2,933,743 3,676,163 4,468,563 Compostela Valley 466,286 580,244 687,195 Davao del Norte 590,015 743,811 945,764 Davao del Sur (excluding Davao City) 632,798 758,801 868,690 Davao City 849,947 1,147,116 1,449,296 Davao Oriental 394,697 446,191 517,618

Continued 22 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.1 -- Concluded

Total Population

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1-May-90 1-May-00 1-May-10

Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN 2,399,953 3,222,169 4,109,571 Cotabato City 127,065 163,849 271,786 Cotabato (North Cotabato) 763,995 958,643 1,226,508 Sarangani 283,141 410,622 498,904 South Cotabato (excluding General Santos City) 539,458 690,728 827,200 General Santos City (Dadiangas) 250,389 411,822 538,086 Sultan Kudarat 435,905 586,505 747,087

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 2,108,061 2,803,045 3,256,140 Basilan (excluding City of Isabela) 179,230 259,796 293,322 599,982 800,162 933,260 (excluding Cotabato City) 630,674 801,102 944,718 Sulu 469,971 619,668 718,290 Tawi-Tawi 228,204 322,317 366,550

CARAGA 1,764,297 2,095,367 2,429,224 Agusan del Norte (excluding Butuan City) 237,629 285,570 332,487 Butuan City 227,829 267,279 309,709 Agusan del Sur 420,763 559,294 656,418 Dinagat Islands 98,865 106,951 126,803 Surigao del Norte 327,113 374,465 442,588 Surigao del Sur 452,098 501,808 561,219

Source: National Statistics Office, 1990 Census of Population and Housing Source: National Statistics Office, 1990 Census of Population and Housing Source: National Statistics Office, 1990 Census of Population and Housing

Notes: a Population counts for the regions do not add up to the national total. Includes 2,876 homeless population and 2,336 Filipinos in Philippine Embassies, Consulates and Mission Abroad. b Population counts for the regions do not add up to the national total. Includes 18,989 persons residing in the areas disputed by the City of Pasig (NCR) and the province of Rizal (Region IVA); and 2,851 Filipinos in Philippine Embassies, Consulates and Mission Abroad. c Population counts for the regions do not add up to the national total. Includes 2,739 Filipinos in Philippine Embassies, Consulates and Mission Abroad. 1 Converted into a a highly urbanized city under Presidential Proclamation No. 1637; ratified on December 18, 2008. POPULATION AND HOUSING 23

TABLE 1.2 Annual Growth Rates by Region, by Province and by Highly Urbanized Cities 1990, 2000 and 2010

Population Growth Rate

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1990-2000 2000-2010 1990-2010

Philippines 2.34 1.90 2.12

National Capital Region 2.25 1.78 2.02 City of Las Piñas 4.75 1.57 3.15 City of Makati 0.39 1.16 0.78 City of Malabon 1.92 0.42 1.17 City of Mandaluyong 1.16 1.67 1.41 City of Manila -0.13 0.44 0.16 City of Marikina 2.34 0.81 1.58 City of Muntinlupa 3.14 1.95 2.54 City of Navotas 2.08 0.78 1.43 City of Parañaque 3.85 2.72 3.28 City of Pasig 2.42 2.86 2.64 City of San Juan -0.75 0.31 -0.22 City of Valenzuela 3.62 1.71 2.66 Caloocan City 4.43 2.37 3.39 Pasay City -0.37 1.02 0.32 Pateros 1.11 1.12 1.11 Quezon City 2.67 2.42 2.55 Taguig City 5.77 3.26 4.51

Cordillera Administrative Region 1.76 1.7 1.73 Abra 1.26 1.14 1.2 Apayao 2.66 1.49 2.07 Benguet (excluding Baguio City) 0.87 2.04 1.45 Baguio City 3.26 2.36 2.81 Ifugao 0.93 1.69 1.31 Kalinga 2.41 1.48 1.95 Mountain Province 1.9 0.92 1.41

Region I – Ilocos Region 1.69 1.23 1.46 Ilocos Norte 1.08 1 1.04 Ilocos Sur 1.34 1.03 1.19 La Union 1.83 1.21 1.52 Pangasinan 1.88 1.34 1.61

Region II – Cagayan Valley 1.85 1.39 1.62 Batanes 0.92 0.08 0.5 Cagayan 1.82 1.25 1.53 Isabela 1.77 1.47 1.62 Nueva Vizcaya 1.99 1.39 1.69 Quirino 2.67 1.75 2.21

Continued 24 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Population Growth Rate

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1990-2000 2000-2010 1990-2010

Region III – Central Luzon 2.61 2.14 2.37 Aurora 2.22 1.48 1.84 Bataan 2.73 2.11 2.42 Bulacan 4.02 2.73 3.37 Nueva Ecija 2.37 1.65 2.01 Pampanga (excluding Angeles City) 2.25 2.21 2.23 Angeles City 1.1 2.14 1.62 Tarlac 2.2 1.76 1.98 Zambales (excluding Olongapo City) 1.61 2.11 1.86 Olongapo City 0.05 1.31 0.67

Region IVA – CALABARZON 3.91 3.07 3.49 Batangas 2.58 2.24 2.41 Cavite 5.99 4.12 5.05 Laguna 3.67 3.11 3.39 Quezon (excluding Lucena City) 1.95 1.61 1.78 Lucena City 2.67 2.31 2.49 Rizal 5.73 3.82 4.77

Region IVB – MIMAROPA 2.62 1.79 2.2 Marinduque 1.6 0.47 1.03 Occidental Mindoro 3.01 1.76 2.39 Oriental Mindoro 2.17 1.43 1.8 Palawan (excluding Puerto Princesa City) 3.13 2.66 2.89 Puerto Princesa City 5.79 3.24 4.51 Romblon 1.51 0.72 1.11

Region V – Bicol Region 1.83 1.46 1.65 Albay 1.9 1.23 1.57 Camarines Norte 1.87 1.44 1.65 Camarines Sur 1.74 1.62 1.68 Catanduanes 1.42 1.35 1.39 Masbate 1.67 1.66 1.67 Sorsogon 2.21 1.31 1.75

Region VI – Western Visayas 1.42 1.35 1.38 Aklan 1.72 1.73 1.72 Antique 1.53 1.45 1.49 Capiz 1.14 0.96 1.05 Guimaras 1.83 1.42 1.63 Iloilo (excluding Iloilo City) 1.54 1.48 1.51 Iloilo City 1.7 1.49 1.59 Negros Occidental (excluding Bacolod City) 1.22 1.15 1.19 Bacolod City 1.65 1.78 1.71

Continued POPULATION AND HOUSING 25

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Population Growth Rate

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1990-2000 2000-2010 1990-2010

Region VII – Central Visayas 2.19 1.77 1.98 Bohol 1.85 0.97 1.41 Cebu (excluding Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu City and Mandaue City) 2.37 1.94 2.15 Cebu City 1.65 1.88 1.76 Lapu-lapu City 4.03 4.91 4.47 Mandaue City 3.72 2.46 3.09 Negros Oriental 2.02 1.31 1.66 Siquijor 0.99 1.1 1.05

Region VIII – Eastern Visayas 1.68 1.28 1.48 Biliran 1.74 1.43 1.59 Eastern Samar 1.33 1.33 1.33 Leyte (excluding Tacloban City) 1.39 1.04 1.22 Tacloban City 1 2.7 2.16 2.43 Northern Samar 2.69 1.64 2.17 Samar (Western Samar) 1.85 1.35 1.6 Southern Leyte 1.13 1.03 1.08

Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula 2.18 1.87 2.03 City of Isabela 2.14 2.97 2.55 Zamboanga del Norte 1.97 1.53 1.75 Zamboanga del Sur (excluding Zamboanga City) 1.85 1.39 1.62 Zamboanga City 3.12 2.98 3.05 Zamboanga Sibugay 2.02 1.63 1.83

Region X – Northern Mindanao 2.23 2.06 2.14 Bukidnon 2.31 2.05 2.18 Camiguin 1.45 1.22 1.34 Lanao del Norte (excluding Iligan City) 2.01 2.54 2.28 Iligan City 2.32 1.25 1.78 Misamis Occidental 1.38 1.55 1.46 Misamis Oriental (excluding Cagayan de Oro City) 2.37 2.05 2.21 Cagayan de Oro City 3.12 2.69 2.9

Region XI – Davao Region 2.28 1.97 2.12 Compostela Valley 2.21 1.71 1.96 Davao del Norte 2.34 2.43 2.39 Davao del Sur (excluding Davao City) 1.83 1.36 1.6 Davao City 3.04 2.36 2.7 Davao Oriental 1.23 1.5 1.36

Continued 26 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.2 -- Concluded

Population Growth Rate

Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City 1990-2000 2000-2010 1990-2010

Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN 2.99 2.46 2.72 Cotabato City 2.57 5.19 3.87 Cotabato (North Cotabato) 2.29 2.49 2.39 Sarangani 3.78 1.97 2.87 South Cotabato (excluding General Santos City) 2.5 1.82 2.16 General Santos City (Dadiangas) 5.1 2.71 3.9 Sultan Kudarat 3.01 2.45 2.73

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 2.89 1.51 2.2 Basilan (excluding City of Isabela) 3.78 1.22 2.49 Lanao del Sur 2.92 1.55 2.23 Maguindanao (excluding Cotabato City) 2.42 1.66 2.04 Sulu 2.8 1.49 2.14 Tawi-Tawi 3.51 1.29 2.4

CARAGA 1.73 1.49 1.61 Agusan del Norte (excluding Butuan City) 1.85 1.53 1.69 Butuan City 1.61 1.48 1.55 Agusan del Sur 2.88 1.61 2.25 Dinagat Islands 0.79 1.72 1.25 Surigao del Norte 1.36 1.68 1.52 Surigao del Sur 1.05 1.12 1.09

Source: National Statistics Office, 1990 Census of Population and Housing National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing National Statistics Office, 2010 Census of Population and Housing

Notes: 1 Converted into a a highly urbanized city under Presidential Proclamation No. 1637; ratified on December 18, 2008. POPULATION AND HOUSING 27

TABLE 1.3 Comparative Construction Statistics by Type of Building Third Quarter 2010 and 2011

Third Quarter Third Quarter Percent Type of Building 2011 2010 Change

Total Number 25,255 23,970 5.4 Floor area 4,390,665 4,895,478 -10.3 Value 41,628,460 46,278,887 -10.0

Residential Number 18,154 17,618 3.0 Floor area 2,373,161 2,790,054 -14.9 Value 20,299,162 24,582,474 -17.4 Average cost per floor area 8,554 8,811 -2.9

Single House Number 16,031 16,038 0.0 Floor area 1,557,858 1,620,513 -3.9 Value 12,051,291 12,053,484 0.0 Average cost per floor area 7,736 7,438 4.0

Duplex Number 305 252 21.0 Floor area 49,515 50,956 -2.8 Value 380,495 370,963 2.6 Average cost per floor area 7,684 7,280 5.6

Apartment/Accessoria Number 1,723 1,236 39.4 Floor area 492,561 390,224 26.2 Value 3,460,820 2,658,023 30.2 Average cost per floor area 7,026 6,812 3.2

Residential Condominium Number 30 24 25.0 Floor area 265,651 710,165 -62.6 Value 4,924,515 9,430,670 -53.9 Average cost per floor area 16,373 13,280 23.3

Others Number 65 68 -4.4 Floor area 7,576 18,196 -58.4 Value 56,929 69,330 -17.9 Average cost per floor area 7,514 3,810 97.2

Non-Residential Number 3,377 3,138 7.6 Floor area 1,826,449 1,919,670 -4.9 Value 14,158,512 18,055,823 -21.6 Average cost per floor area 7,752 9,406 -17.6

Continued 28 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.3 -- Concluded

Type of Building

Commercial Number 1,973 1,821 8.3 Floor area 1,043,467 1,168,224 -10.7 Value 7,969,065 10,974,549 -27.4 Average cost per floor area 7,637 9,394 -18.7

Industrial Number 364 334 9.0 Floor area 337,462 263,502 28.1 Value 2,317,763 1,712,561 35.3 Average cost per floor area 6,868 6,499 5.7

Institutional Number 503 586 -14.2 Floor area 324,637 412,620 -21.3 Value 3,085,694 4,897,608 -37.0 Average cost per floor area 9,505 11,870 -19.9

Agricultural Number 160 118 35.6 Floor area 120,883 75,324 60.5 Value 522,005 191,916 172.0 Average cost per floor area 4,318 2,548 69.5

Others Number 377 279 35.1 Floor area Value 263,984 279,188 -5.4 Average cost per floor area

Additions and Alterations/Repair Number 3,724 3,214 15.9 Floor area Value 7,170,784 3,640,589 97.0 Average cost per floor area

Additions Number 1,324 1,082 22.4 Floor area 191,055 185,754 2.9 Value 3,504,850 1,058,043 231.3 Average cost per floor area 18,345 5,696 222.1

Alterations/Repair Number 2,400 2,132 12.6 Floor area Value 3,665,934 2,582,546 42.0 Average cost per floor area

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics POPULATION AND HOUSING 29

TABLE 1.4 Number of New Residential Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Third Quarter 2011

Total Single Duplex/Quadruplex Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor Value Value Value ber Area ber Area ber Area

Philippines 19,154 2,373,161 20,299,162 16,031 1,557,858 12,051,291 305 49,515 380,495 NCR 1,464 624,864 7,598,957 1,072 213,957 1,974,277 43 11,524 101,031 CAR 177 34,603 326,786 148 21,687 201,663 5 869 7,214 I - Ilocos Region 1,190 108,109 844,571 1,166 103,561 907,821 5 820 7,186 II - Cagayan Valley 398 37,993 287,805 378 32,285 226,605 1 309 3,750 III - Central Luzon 2,214 288,076 1,971,106 1,717 184,041 1,377,237 85 9,335 58,953 IVA - CALABARZON 3,927 500,452 3,916,017 3,057 325,487 2,938,652 101 15,514 108,226 IVB - MIMAROPA 297 32,195 212,035 283 30,299 192,761 7 826 9,999 V - Bicol Region 439 59,420 327,639 427 53,725 293,911 2 449 2,380 VI - Western Visayas 1,200 129,877 1,008,348 1162 117,537 902,062 4 850 5,373 VII - Central Visayas 1,934 216,004 1,421,509 1,805 166,860 1,074,777 38 7,905 58,337 VIII - Eastern Visayas 392 43,161 348,246 368 36,544 273,711 6 639 6,215 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 489 30,018 159,792 484 28,624 152,028 3 789 2922 X - Northern Mindanao 969 67,298 449,491 954 63,262 424,884 2 216 1169 XI - Davao Region 2,121 135,277 1,033,493 2,078 114,829 828,684 2 511 7,355 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 313 28,863 196,558 303 27,042 184,930 2 513 1,933 XIII - Caraga 622 37,666 195,211 620 37,279 194,137 - - - ARMM 9 1,019 3,143 9 1,019 3,143 - - - Apartment/Accessoria Residential Condominium Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor Value Value Value ber Area ber Area ber Area

Philippines 1,723 492,561 3,460,920 30 265,651 4,349,624 65 7,576 56,929 NCR 319 145,447 1,258,889 28 253,727 4,262,824 2 209 1,934 CAR 24 12,047 117,908 ------I - Ilocos Region 17 3,590 28,833 - - - 2 138 730 II - Cagayan Valley 19 5,399 57,449 ------III - Central Luzon 398 92,628 520,969 - - - 14 2,072 13,946 IVA - CALABARZON 756 157,614 856,481 - - - 13 1,837 12,657 IVB - MIMAROPA 5 853 7,834 - - - 2 217 1,439 V - Bicol Region 4 4,513 24,102 - - - 6 733 7,244 VI - Western Visayas 33 7,176 54,114 1 4,314 46,798 - - - VII - Central Visayas 75 40,327 281,617 - - - 16 912 6,778 VIII - Eastern Visayas 14 5,588 64,040 - - - 4 390 4,278 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1 483 4,500 - - - 1 122 341 X - Northern Mindanao 9 2,899 16,107 - - - 4 921 7,329 XI - Davao Region 40 12,327 157,452 1 7,610 40,001 - - - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 8 1,308 9,694 ------XIII - Caraga 1 362 824 - - - 1 25 250 ARMM ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics 30 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 1.5 Number of New Non-Residential Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Third Quarter 2011

Total Commercial Industrial Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 3,377 1,826,449 14,158,512 1,973 1,043,467 7,969,065 364 337,462 2,317,763 NCR 343 358,500 3,498,349 183 202,233 1,574,211 42 91,939 1,036,957 CAR 45 22,632 204,047 31 17,211 157,423 5 844 11,238 I - Ilocos Region 241 72,238 576,620 145 34,538 278,641 20 12,383 81,139 II - Cagayan Valley 72 25,661 165,606 49 13,510 93,016 7 4,622 29,550 III - Central Luzon 415 255,799 1,841,045 213 154,124 1,267,640 66 53,430 275,837 IVA - CALABARZON 501 366,421 2,594,012 266 195,763 1,473,017 70 88,727 445,907 IVB - MIMAROPA 72 16,556 85,346 48 13,409 64,949 5 1,079 5,858 V - Bicol Region 105 50,846 319,751 70 21,224 119,772 6 1,418 6,935 VI - Western Visayas 233 71,094 553,689 127 44,432 339,481 10 12,247 85,743 VII - Central Visayas 386 207,538 1,454,945 252 125,188 912,174 33 18,442 59,837 VIII - Eastern Visayas 145 29,519 291,334 57 15,596 111,504 14 5,860 29,454 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 97 21,689 97,624 79 16,697 73,803 4 2,645 6,583 X - Northern Mindanao 147 63,895 515,345 89 35,673 356,317 15 6,297 52,460 XI - Davao Region 286 141,848 1,164,585 185 84,066 744,115 30 23,338 114,486 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 151 54,228 354,102 97 30,924 190,899 21 10,958 52,548 XIII - Caraga 136 67,449 438,555 82 38,734 210,623 14 2,842 21,145 ARMM 1 351 1,994 - - - 1 351 1,994 Institutional Agricultural Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value Area Value

Philippines 503 324,637 3,085,694 160 120,883 522,005 377 263,984 NCR 41 64,328 788,740 - - - 77 98,439 CAR 8 4,105 34,740 1 472 645 - - I - Ilocos Region 46 19,638 184,633 16 5,679 27,778 14 4,427 II - Cagayan Valley 10 2,788 30,150 3 4,741 12,727 3 162 III - Central Luzon 52 27,165 186,905 57 21,080 79,064 27 31,598 IVA - CALABARZON 91 65,317 570,067 24 16,614 42,532 50 62,486 IVB - MIMAROPA 9 1,858 12,697 3 210 232 7 1,608 V - Bicol Region 23 25,195 188,299 5 3,009 4,682 1 61 VI - Western Visayas 27 14,355 117,362 1 60 394 68 10,707 VII - Central Visayas 56 22,644 182,812 17 41,264 284,407 28 15,713 VIII - Eastern Visayas 22 8,033 146,075 1 30 168 51 4,132 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 11 2,337 15,474 1 10 50 2 1,712 X - Northern Mindanao 19 9,293 72,378 15 12,632 29,763 9 4,424 XI - Davao Region 38 24,868 259,581 12 9,576 27,606 21 18,795 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 23 6,840 94,560 4 5,506 11,951 6 4,142 XIII - Caraga 27 25,873 201,214 - - - 13 5,571 ARMM ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics POPULATION AND HOUSING 31

TABLE 1.6 Number of New Commercial Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Third Quarter 2011

Total Banks Hotel/Motel, etc Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 1,973 1,043,467 7,969,065 58 25,261 249,894 226 116,039 1,335,563 NCR 183 202,233 1,574,211 11 8,703 105,426 10 5,586 49,068 CAR 31 17,211 157,423 1 1,812 4,941 12 7,551 94,746 I - Ilocos Region 145 34,538 278,641 8 2,268 16,256 26 6,856 60,211 II - Cagayan Valley 49 13,510 93,016 - - - 4 1,703 13,743 III - Central Luzon 213 154,124 1,267,640 9 2,574 20,705 19 14,028 207,764 IVA - CALABARZON 266 195,763 1,473,017 2 206 3,023 28 5,466 63,057 IVB - MIMAROPA 48 13,409 64,949 1 130 2,838 3 389 1,785 V - Bicol Region 70 21,224 119,772 1 660 3,015 8 4,848 29,936 VI - Western Visayas 127 44,432 339,481 4 2,958 19,029 13 11,700 94,337 VII - Central Visayas 252 125,188 912,174 9 1,355 9,128 39 17,382 138,092 VIII - Eastern Visayas 57 15,596 111,504 1 131 2,621 8 3,122 29,110 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 79 16,697 73,803 - - - 7 2,464 10,441 X - Northern Mindanao 89 35,673 356,317 3 1,989 34,643 19 15,201 206,288 XI - Davao Region 185 84,066 744,115 4 1,145 10,450 16 16,512 283,901 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 97 30,924 190,899 2 781 7,426 9 1,664 13,380 XIII - Caraga 82 38,734 210,623 2 549 10,389 5 1,567 39,697 ARMM ------Condominium/Office Building Store Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 336 320,830 2,389,847 928 439,341 3,370,091 428 141,996 623,667 NCR 59 107,993 960,757 73 51,122 356,371 30 28,829 102,588 CAR 2 2,337 16,208 10 3,158 22,291 6 2,353 19,234 I - Ilocos Region 8 7,177 59,182 66 11,098 86,633 37 7,139 56,357 II - Cagayan Valley 18 3,846 23,202 24 7,381 49,948 3 580 6,121 III - Central Luzon 37 35,668 284,151 100 90,523 675,178 48 11,331 79,840 IVA - CALABARZON 49 36,229 192,944 125 111,609 1,110,907 62 42,253 103,084 IVB - MIMAROPA 2 217 710 26 9,352 36,266 16 3,321 23,348 V - Bicol Region 21 5,196 30,486 28 8,133 46,728 12 2,387 9,605 VI - Western Visayas 10 4,762 36,068 68 16,756 140,027 32 8,256 50,018 VII - Central Visayas 27 44,822 318,747 115 45,365 390,691 62 16,264 55,515 VIII - Eastern Visayas 2 1,643 6,538 36 9,002 61,543 10 1,698 11,690 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 5 4,251 17,277 25 2,501 11,140 42 7,481 34,943 X - Northern Mindanao 13 9,143 65,105 39 7,014 42,774 15 2,326 7,505 XI - Davao Region 63 44,734 280,409 82 18,297 129,859 20 3,378 39,494 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 13 9,555 79,986 53 15,943 72,660 20 2,981 17,445 XIII - Caraga 7 4,173 22,469 48 27,669 118,385 20 4,776 19,681 ARMM ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics 32 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 1.7 Number of New Industrial Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Third Quarter 2011

Total Factory Repair Shop/Machine Shop Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 364 337,462 2,317,763 46 58,624 346,618 24 2,646 18,102 NCR 42 91,939 1,036,957 3 15,129 130,721 2 678 6,597 CAR 5 844 11,238 - - - 1 393 4,015 I - Ilocos Region 20 12,383 81,139 2 957 8,290 2 90 133 II - Cagayan Valley 7 4,622 29,550 ------III - Central Luzon 66 53,430 275,837 13 11,877 88,092 2 66 306 IVA - CALABARZON 70 88,727 445,907 8 16,134 65,016 5 358 2,209 IVB - MIMAROPA 5 1,079 5,858 ------V - Bicol Region 6 1,418 6,935 1 65 297 - - - VI - Western Visayas 10 12,247 85,743 ------VII - Central Visayas 33 18,442 59,837 4 9,520 17,032 6 449 1,531 VIII - Eastern Visayas 14 5,860 29,454 2 609 3,495 1 68 576 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 4 2,645 6,583 ------X - Northern Mindanao 15 6,297 52,460 1 159 1,542 2 299 2,339 XI - Davao Region 30 23,338 114,486 8 2,602 15,318 - - - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 21 10,958 52,548 2 1,039 5,963 1 126 132 XIII - Caraga 14 2,842 21,145 2 533 10,849 2 119 261 ARMM 1 351 1,994 ------Refinery Printing Press Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 1 5,083 39,000 4 7,290 31,761 288 263,819 1,882,280 NCR ------37 76,132 899,638 CAR ------4 451 7,223 I - Ilocos Region - - - 1 216 987 15 11,120 71,727 II - Cagayan Valley ------7 4,622 29,550 III - Central Luzon 1 5,083 39,000 - - - 50 36,404 148,438 IVA - CALABARZON - - - 1 6,800 30,012 56 65,435 348,669 IVB - MIMAROPA ------5 1,079 5,858 V - Bicol Region ------5 1,353 6,637 VI - Western Visayas ------10 12,247 85,743 VII - Central Visayas - - - 1 239 377 22 8,234 40,896 VIII - Eastern Visayas ------11 5,183 25,382 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------4 2,645 6,583 X - Northern Mindanao ------12 5,839 48,579 XI - Davao Region - - - 1 35 384 21 20,701 98,783 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------18 9,793 46,452 XIII - Caraga ------10 2,190 10,035 ARMM ------1 351 1,994

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

` Labor Force Survey Labor force – the population 15 October 2011 years old and over which contributes to the production of goods and services in the country; comprises the employed and unemployed

Employed – persons in the labor force who are reported as either at work or with a job or business although not at work; persons at work are those who did some work, even for an hour during the reference period

Unemployed – persons in the labor force who have no job or business during the reference period and are reportedly looking for work; their desire to work is sincere and they are, therefore, serious about working; also included are Concepts and Definitions persons without a job or business who are reportedly not looking for work The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is because of the belief that no work was a nationwide survey of households available or because of temporary illness, conducted quarterly by the National bad weather, or other valid reasons Statistics Office (NSO) to gather data on demographic and socioeconomic Underemployed – employed characteristics of the population. Data persons who express the desire to have presented are based on the preliminary additional hours of work in their present results of the October 2011 round of the job or an additional job, or have a new job LFS. with longer working hours

For comparative purposes, aside Labor force participation rate from the October 2011 results, the (LFPR) – ratio of total labor force to the textual tables presented herein contain total household population 15 years old final estimates of the survey conducted in and over October 2010. Employment rate – proportion of The reference period used in the employed persons to the total labor force survey is the past seven days preceding the date of visit of the enumerator. Unemployment rate – proportion of unemployed persons to the total labor force The concepts and definitions used in the survey can be found in the Underemployment rate – proportion of regular NSO – Integrated Survey of underemployed persons to total employed Households (ISH) Bulletin. Some are persons given below:

33 34 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

FIGURE 1 Employment Rate by Region: October 2011 100.0 97.2 97.7 98.0 96.5 96.0 96.6 96.1 96.3 95.2 95.4 96.0 94.7 94.5 93.4 93.6 93.9 94.0 91.7 92.0 91.0 89.6 90.0

88.0 Number (In percent) Number (In 86.0 84.0

I II X V III IX XI VI XII VIII VII VII IVA IVB CAR NCR

ARMM Region Caraga

Analysis of Tables the size of the labor force in October 2011 was approximately 41.2 million out of the Employment rate remains stable at estimated 62.2 million population 15 years 93.6 percent and older for that period. Compared to the labor force participation rate in October The employment rate estimated 2010 (64.2%), the October 2011 rate for October 2011 was 93.6 percent. This was higher by 2.0 percent (Table 2.1). implies that nine in every 10 persons in the labor force were employed in October NCR records the lowest employment 2011. The current figure is higher than rate the estimate for October 2010 rate which was 92.9 percent (Table 2.1). Employment rates in the National Capital Region (NCR) (89.6%), Ilocos Labor force participation remains Region (93.4%) and CALABARZON steady at 66.3 percent (91.70%) were lower than in all other regions. As in previous LFS, the NCR The October 2011 LFS also recorded the lowest employment rate. In revealed that the labor force participation terms of the labor force participation rate, rate was 66.3 percent. This means that the NCR (63.7%), Ilocos Region (64.7%),

FIGURE 2 Labor Force Participation Rate by Region: October 2011

80.0 71.8 71.4 70.3 69.8 68.6 69.1 66.1 67.2 65.7 68.0 68.1 67.5 66.7 70.0 63.7 64.7 62.9 57.1 60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

Number (Inpercent) 20.0

10.0 0.0

I II V X III VI IX XI XII VII VIII IVA IVB CAR NCR ARMM

Region Caraga

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 35

Central Luzon (62.9%), Western Visayas comprising the largest sub-sector (20.2% (65.7%) and the Autonomous Region in of the total employed). Workers in the Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) (57.1%) agriculture sector comprised 33.4 percent posted lower rates compared to the rest of the total employed, with workers in of the regions (Table 2.4). agriculture; hunting and forestry making up the largest sub-sector (29.5% of the Bulk of workers are employed in the total employed). Only 14.5 percent of the services sector total employed were in the industry sector, with the manufacturing sub-sector making FIGURE 3 Employed Persons up the largest percentage (8.2 of the total by Industry: October 2011 employed) (Table 2.2).

Laborers and unskilled workers comprise the biggest group Industry 14.5% Among the various occupation groups, laborers and unskilled workers comprised the largest group, posting 33.2 Services percent of the total employed persons in Agriculture 52.1% 33.6% October 2011. Farmers, forestry workers and fishermen were the second largest group, accounting for 15.0 percent of the total employed population (Table 2.2).

Wage and salary workers are more than half of those employed More than half (52.1%) of the total employed persons in October 2011, Employed persons fall into any of which was estimated at 36.5 million, these categories: wage and salary worked in the services sector, with those workers, own account workers and engaged in wholesale and retail trade, unpaid family workers. Wage and salary repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and workers are those who work for private personal and household goods households, private establishments,

FIGURE 4 Employed Persons by Occupation Group: October 2011 40.0 33.2

30.0 20.0 15 . 0 13 . 9 11. 6 7.2 10.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.6 0.4

Number (In percent) - Laborers Farmers, Officials Service Trades Plant and Clerks Professionals Special Technicians and forestry of government workers and machine occupations and unskilled workers, and special and shop related operators associate workers and interest and workers and professionals fisherman organizations, market assemblers corporate sales executives, workers managers, managing proprietors and supervisors Type of occupation

36 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

government or government corporations Number of underemployed persons up and those who work with pay in own- by 3.8 percent family operated farm or business. More than half (54.9%) of the employed Employed persons who express persons were wage and salary workers, the desire to have additional hours of work almost one-third (28.8%) were self- in their present job or to have additional employed without any paid employee, job, or to have a new job with longer and 12.4 percent were unpaid family working hours are considered workers. Among the wage and salary underemployed. The October 2011 LFS workers, those working for private placed the underemployment rate at 19.1 establishments comprised the largest percent. This means that approximately proportion (41.2% of the total employed). 7.38 million employed persons were Government workers or those working for underemployed in October 2011 higher government corporations comprised only than that of 2010 survey round which had 8.0 percent of the total employed, while 7.14 million (Table 2.3). 5.3 percent were workers in private households. Meanwhile, employer in own More than half (58.6%) of the total family-operated farm or business underemployed were reported as visibly comprised 3.9 percent of the total class underemployed or working for less than worker (Table 2.2). 40 hours during the reference week. Those working for 40 hours or more FIGURE 5 Employed Persons accounted for 39.7 percent of the total by Class of Worker: October 2011 underemployed. Most of the underemployed were working in the 60 54.9 agriculture sector (41.9%) and services sector (41.7%). The underemployed in the 50 industry sector accounted for 16.4 percent 40 (Table 2.3). 32.7

30 Unemployment rate stays at 6.4 Number 20 percent 12 . 4 10 The unemployment rate in October 0 2011 was estimated at 6.4 percent, lower Wage and salary Own account Unpaid family than the percentage recorded in October wo rkers wo rkers 2011. Among the regions, the highest Class of worker unemployment rate was recorded in the NCR at 10.4 percent. The next highest rates were posted in CALABARZON Six in every ten employed work for 40 (9.0%) and Central Luzon (8.3%). hours or more The number of unemployed was Employed persons are classified higher among males (62.7%) than among as either full-time workers or part-time females (37.3%). By age group, for every workers. Full-time workers are those who 10 unemployed persons, five (49.5%) work for 40 hours or more while part-time belonged to age group 15-24 years while workers work for less than 40 hours. In three (30.1%) were in the age group 25-34. October 2011, six in every 10 employed persons (61.6%) were working for 40 Across educational groups, hours or more, while part-time workers among the unemployed, the high school were estimated at 37.0 percent of the graduates comprised one-third (33.0%), total employed (Table 2.2). the college undergraduates comprised

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 37

about one-fifth (22.6%), while the college the employer of unfair labor practice acts graduates, 20.2 percent (Table 2.3). or because of deadlock in collective bargaining negotiations

Labor Relations Actual strike - any temporary and Concerns stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an industrial or The labor sector faces a lot of labor dispute; may include slowdown, legitimate concerns that need to be mass leave, attempts to damage, destroy addressed. Displaced workers left and or sabotage plant equipment and facilities right, retrenchment, strikes and lockouts and similar activities and even closures of establishments are just some of the bleak features in the Lockout - the temporary refusal of labor scenario. However, with the an employer to furnish work for his determination of the current dispensation employees as a result of an industrial or to provide the push and the help, a more labor dispute; it comprises shutdown, encouraging atmosphere might be in mass retrenchment and dismissal without stead. previous written clearance from the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his The Department of Labor and duly authorized representative Employment (DOLE) takes the lead in formulating and directing the nation’s Mandays lost - computed by labor policies and programs. Its mission multiplying the number of workers includes the promotion of social justice involved in the strike or lockout by the total and protection of human rights and number of working days lost or idled due respect for human dignity in labor by to strike or lockout ensuring workers’ protection and welfare. The department also aims to promote full Disposition rate - the ratio of the employment and manpower development total cases disposed to the total number of as well as to maintain industrial peace cases handled through enhancement of workers’ participation in policymaking. Settlement rate - the ratio of the total cases settled to the total number of cases handled Source of Information Preventive mediation case - This section presents an overview subject of a formal or informal request for of the current labor condition in the conciliation and mediation assistance country. Data presented were derived sought by either or both parties to avoid from the DOLE. Analyses were based on the occurrence of actual labor dispute 2010 and fourth quarter 2011 figures culled by DOLE’s Bureau of Labor and Voluntary arbitration - the mode Employment Statistics (BLES). of settling labor-management disputes by which the parties select a competent, Definition of Terms trained, and impartial person who shall decide on the merits of the case and Strike notice - the notification whose decision is final, executory, and filed by a duly registered labor union with unappealable the respective National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB) regional Conciliation case - an actual or branches about its intention to go on existing labor dispute, which is subject of strike because of alleged commission by a notice of strike or lockout or actual strike

38 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

or lockout case, filed with the appropriate NCR has the most number of pending NCMB regional branches and beginning preventive mediation cases Conciliation or mediation - mode of settlement bringing together the Table 2.6 shows a total of 476 two parties in a dispute to come to pending and beginning cases in the period negotiations and settlement of the under review. dispute. By region, NCR reported the bulk of the total pending and beginning Analysis of Tables preventive mediation cases with 215 cases (36.8%) while CALABARZON was Strike and lock out notices slightly second with 117 cases (20.0%). Central increase by 1.67 percent Luzon placed third, with 65 reported cases (11.1%). The rest of the regions reported Number of new strike and lockout a total share of 32.1 percent. notices filed slightly increased to 61 in the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to Original preventive mediation cases 2010’s tally of 60 or by an increase of filed up by 2.9 percent 1.67 percent. Original preventive mediation Cases handled, including pending cases filed numbered 107 cases in the notices, however, reached 100, which is fourth quarter 2011 from 104 cases in the lower compared to the previous year tally same period in 2010 to register a 2.9 of 106. The settlement rate stood at 57.0. percent increase. Workers involved in new notices filed is exactly the same (12,000) compared to Cases handled went up by 9 fourth quarter 2010 in the period under (5.9%), from 161 to 152. Workers involved review (Table 2.5). in preventive mediation are the same as last year with 36,000 for the period under NCR accounts for bulk of strike and review. lockout notices A total of 144 voluntary arbitration The National Conciliation cases were facilitated and monitored in and Mediation Board (NCMB) reported a the fourth quarter 2011 from 106 cases in total of 274 cases of strike notices, actual the same period of 2010 or an increase of strikes, and mediation. Of these, the 35.8 percent. Of these cases, 49 (33.3%) National Capital Region (NCR) were disposed either by decision, accounted for 100 (36.5%) of all new amicable settlement or withdrawal (Table strike and lockout notices filed. 2.7). CALABARZON was second with 60 notices (21.9%) while the Central Luzon Pending and beginning appealed had 34 notices (12.4%) to take third mediation-arbitration cases down by place (Table 2.6). 100.0 percent

NCR accounts for bulk of mandays In the fourth quarter 2011, there lost from on-going strikes were 28 pending and beginning appealed mediation-arbitration cases. This was a In the 2011 period under review, 5.0 percent increase from the 23 cases mandays lost from on-going strikes recorded in 2010. The disposition rate for reached 3,828. NCR accounted 96.7% these cases, similarly, increased to 62.8 percent of this figure (Table 2.6). percent from 51.1 percent (Table 2.8).

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 39

TABLE 2.1 Comparative Labor Force Statistics: October 2010 and October 2011

Philippines October 2011 October 2010

Total 15 years old and over (in '000) 62,168 61,169

Labor Force (in '000) 41,193 39,287 Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 66.3 64.2

Employed ('000) 38,550 36,488 Employment Rate (%) 93.6 92.9

Unemployed ('000) 2,643 2,799 Unemployment Rate (%) 6.4 7.1

Underemployed ('000) 7,381 7,141 Underemployment Rate (%) 19.1 19.6

Notes: Estimates for July 2011 are preliminary and may change. Figures were estimated using the 2000 Census-based Population Projections.

Source: National Statistics Office, July 2011 Labor Force Survey 40 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.2 Employed Persons by Industry, Occupation, Class of Worker and Hours Worked: October 2011 (In percent)

Selected Indicators October 2011

Employed persons Number (in thousands) 38,550 Industry Sector Total 100.0 Agriculture 33.4 Agriculture, hunting and forestry 29.5 Fishing 3.9 Industry 14.5 Mining and quarrying 0.6 Manufacturing 8.2 Electricity, gas and water 0.4 Construction 5.4 Services 52.1 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods 20.2 Hotels and restaurants 3.1 Transport, storage, and communication 7.3 Financial Intermediation 1.2 Real estate, renting, and business activities 3.5 Public administration and defense, compulsory social security 4.8 Education 3.1 Health and social work 1.2 Other community, social, and personal service activities 2.5 Private households with employed persons 5.3 Extra-territorial organizations and bodies -

Occupation Total 100.0 Officials of government and special interest organizations, corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors 13.9 Professionals 4.6 Technicians and associate professionals 2.6 Clerks 5.5 Service workers and shop and market sales workers 11.6 Farmers, forestry workers, and fishermen 15.0 Trades and related workers 7.2 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 5.9 Laborers and unskilled workers 33.2 Special occupations 0.4

Class of worker Total 100.0 Wage and salary workers 54.9

Continued LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 41

Table 2.2 -- Concluded

Selected Indicators October 2011

Private household 5.3 Private establishment 41.2 Work for government and government corporation 8.0 Work with pay in own family-operated farm or business 0.4 Self-employed without any paid employee 28.8 Employer in own family-operated farm or business 3.9 Worked without pay in own-family farm or business 12.4

Hours worked Total 100.0 Work during the past week 98.9 Less than 40 hours 37.0 40 hours and over 61.8 Did not report for work during the past week 1.1 Mean hours worked 40.9

Notes: Estimates for October 2011 are preliminary and may change. Figures were estimated using the 2000 Census-based Population Projections.

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

TABLE 2.3 Underemployed Persons by Hours Worked and Industry, and Unemployed Persons by Age Group, Sex, and Highest Grade Completed: October 2010 and October 2011

Selected Indicators October 2011 October 2010

Underemployed persons Number (in thousands) 7,381 7,140

Hours worked Total 100.0 100.0 Worked less than 40 hours 58.6 55.5 Worked 40 hours and over 39.7 42.5 Did not work 1.7 2.0

Industry sector Total 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 41.9 43.0 Industry 16.4 16.5 Services 41.7 40.5

Unemployed persons Number (in thousands) 2,800 2,800

Continued 42 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 2.3 -- Concluded

Selected Indicators October 2011 October 2010

Age group Total 100.0 100.0 15 - 24 49.5 49.3 25 - 34 30.1 31.4 35 - 44 9.9 9.1 45 - 54 6.3 6.6 55 - 64 3.3 3.0 65 and Over 0.9 0.6

Male 62.7 63.3 Female 37.3 36.7

Highest grade completed Total 100.0 100.0 No grade completed 0.5 0.4 Elementary 12.0 11.6 Undergraduate 5.3 5.0 Graduate 6.7 6.7 High school 44.7 45.6 Undergraduate 11.7 12.3 Graduate 33.0 33.3 College 42.8 42.4 Undergraduate 22.6 22.9 Graduate 20.2 19.4

Note: Estimates for October 2011 are preliminary and may change.

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 43

TABLE 2.4 Rates of Labor Force Participation, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment by Region: October 2011 (In percent)

Labor Force Employment Unemployment Underemployment RegionParticipation Rate Rate Rate Rate

Philippines 66.3 93.6 6.4 19.1

NCR 63.7 89.6 10.4 15.2 CAR 70.3 95.2 4.8 18.5 I - Ilocos Region 64.7 93.4 6.6 18.5 II - Cagayan Valley 69.8 97.2 2.8 13.3 III - Central Luzon 62.9 91.7 8.3 13.5 IVA - CALABARZON 66.1 91.0 9.0 17.1 IVB - MIMAROPA 71.8 96.5 3.5 19.6 V - Bicol Region 67.2 94.7 5.3 35.9 VI - Western Visayas 65.7 93.6 6.4 22.3 VII - Central Visayas 68.6 93.9 6.1 21.4 VIII - Eastern Visayas 68.0 96.0 4.0 24.2 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 68.1 96.6 3.4 21.9 X - Northern Mindanao 71.4 96.1 3.9 22.9 XI - Davao Region 69.1 95.4 4.6 16.4 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 67.5 96.3 3.7 17.5 Caraga 66.7 94.5 5.5 24.6 ARMM 57.1 97.7 2.3 9.9

Notes: Estimates for October 2010 are preliminary and may change. Figures were estimated using the 2000 Census-based Population Projections.

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey 44 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.5 Strike and Lockout Notices and Actual Strikes and Lockouts Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Indicator Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010

Strike and lockout notices

Cases pending, beginning 39 46 New notices filed 61 60 Cases handled 100 106 Cases disposed 62 72 Settled 57 66 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary 1 1 Certified for compulsory arbitration 4 3 Treated as preventive mediation case - - Other modes of disposition - 1 Materialized into actual strikes or lockouts - 1 Workers involved in new notices filed (000) 12 12 Disposition rate (%) 62.0 67.9 Settlement rate (%) 57.0 62.3

Actual strikes and lockouts

Cases pending, beginning - - New strikes declared 1 -3 Cases handled - 3 Work normalized - 3 Settled -3 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary - - Certified for compulsory arbitration - - Other modes of disposition 1 - Workers involved in new strikes declared 3,700 800 Mandays lost from on-going strikes (000) 4 8 Disposition rate (%) 100.0 100.0 Settlement rate (%) - 100.0

Notes : Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. 1 Includes actual strikes and lockouts without notices. * Less than 500 Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 45

TABLE 2.6 Strike and Lockout Notices, Actual Strikes and Lockouts and Preventive Mediation Cases by Region: January to December 2011

I II III IV-A IV-B V Indicator Philippines NCR CAR Ilocos Cagayan Central CALABARZON MIMAROPA Bicol Region Valley Luzon Region

Strike/lockout notices

Pending, beginning 34 16 2 - - 4 11 - - New notices filed 240 84 3 1 1 30 49 - 3 Cases handled 274 100 5 1 1 34 60 - 3 Cases disposed 236 89 5 1 1 34 46 - 3 Cases settled 215 80 5 1 1 30 40 - 3 Cases which materialized into actual strikes or lockouts 1 - - - - 1 - - - Workers involved in new notices filed 51,001 16,894 1,100 250 25 7,171 6,672 - 711 Disposition rate (%) 86.1 89.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 76.7 - 100.0 Settlement rate (%) 78.5 80.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.2 66.7 - 100.0

Actual strikes and lockouts Pending, beginning ------New strikes declared 2 1 - - - 1 - - - Cases handled 2 1 - - - 1 - - - Work normalized 2 1 - - - 1 - - - Cases settled ------Workers involved in new strikes declared 3,828 3,700 - - - 128 - - - Mandays lost from on-going strikes 3,828 3,700 - - - 128 - - - Disposition rate (%) 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 - - - Settlement rate (%) ------

Preventive mediation cases Pending, beginning 50 22 1 - - 3 10 - 2 Original preventive mediation cases filed 529 191 8 6 1 61 107 - 8 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases 6 2 - - 1 1 - - - Cases handled 585 215 9 6 2 65 117 - 10 Cases disposed 542 203 9 6 2 62 105 - 9 Cases settled 509 196 9 6 2 53 101 - 8 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed 149,652 50,370 7,491 1,475 75 14,769 23,185 - 1,382 Disposition rate (%) 92.6 94.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.4 89.7 - 90.0 Settlement rate (%) 87.0 91.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 81.5 86.3 - 80.0

Continued 46 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 2.6 -- Concluded

VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Indicator Western Central Eastern Zamboanga Northern Davao SOCCSKSARGEN Caraga Visayas Visayas Visayas Peninsula Mindanao Region

Strike and lockout notices

Pending, beginning -- - - 1- -- New notices filed 10 24 2 - 11 12 2 8 Cases handled 10 24 2 - 12 12 2 8 Cases disposed 10 23 2 - 10 10 - 2 Cases settled 9 23 2 - 10 9 - 2 Cases which materialized into actual strikes or lockouts ------Workers involved in new notices filed 1,466 2,652 137 - 4,359 1,987 6,200 1,377 Disposition rate (%) 100.0 95.8 100.0 - 83.3 83.3 - 25.0 Settlement rate (%) 90.0 95.8 100.0 - 83.3 75.0 - 25.0

Actual strikes and lockouts Pending, beginning ------New strikes declared ------Cases handled ------Work normalized ------Cases settled ------Workers involved in new strikes declared ------Mandays lost from on-going strikes ------Disposition rate (%) ------Settlement rate (%) ------

Preventive mediation cases Pending, beginning 11 - - 55 22 Original preventive mediation cases filed 20 28 10 7 24 24 11 10 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases - 1 - - - - - 1 Cases handled 21 30 10 7 29 29 13 13 Cases disposed 17 30 10 7 28 28 12 13 Cases settled 16 26 10 7 28 28 10 10 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed 9,277 5,360 1,478 2,074 3,386 3,386 17,606 3,691 Disposition rate (%) 81.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.6 96.6 92.3 100.0 Settlement rate (%) 76.2 86.7 100.0 100.0 96.6 96.6 76.9 76.9

Note: New strikes declared include actual strikes/lockouts without notices.

Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 47

TABLE 2.7 Preventive Mediation Cases and Voluntary Arbitration Cases Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Indicator Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010

Preventive mediation cases Cases pending, beginning 53 48 Original preventive mediation cases filed 107 104 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases 1- Cases handled 161 152 Cases disposed 118 102 Settled 110 98 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary - - Certified for compulsory arbitration - - Referred to compulsory arbitration - - Referred to voluntary arbitration - - Materialized into notices of strikes and lockouts and actual strikes and lockouts 8 4 Other modes of disposition - - Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed (000) 36 36 Disposition rate (%) 73.3 67.1 Settlement rate (%) 68.3 64.5

Voluntary arbitration cases Cases pending, beginning 100 76 New cases facilitated/monitored 44 30 Total cases facilitated/monitored 144 106 Cases disposed 48 37 Decided 45 28 Settled amicably 16 Withdrawn/dropped 2 3 Disposition rate (%) 33.3 34.9

Note : Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. Definitions: Disposition rate (%) = Cases disposed/cases handled x 100. Settlement rate (%) = Cases settled/cases handled x 100. Voluntary arbitration - mode of settling labor-management disputes by which the parties select a competent, trained and impartial person who shall decide on the merits of the cases and whose decision is final, executory and unappealable. Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board 48 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.8 Appealed Mediation-Arbitration Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Indicator Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010

Original mediation-arbitration cases (BLR and DOLE Regional offices)

Cases pending, beginning 75 83 Cases newly filed 39 57 Cases handled 114 140 Cases disposed 71 63 Petitions granted 38 42 Withdrawn/dismissed 33 21 Disposition rate (%) 62.3 45.0

Appealed med-arbitration cases (BLR and OS)

Cases pending, beginning 28 23 Cases newly filed 15 24 Cases handled 43 47 Cases disposed 27 34 Disposition rate (%) 62.8 51.1

Note: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.

Source: Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR), Statistical and Performance Reporting System (SPRS), Office of the Secretary (OS) Section III – TRAVEL AND TOURISM

Visitor Arrivals and organizations, it aims to break down fundamental barriers to tourism growth to the Philippines and works to minimize the impediments First Quarter 2012 to realizing a better tourism scenario.

The year 2012 marks the second year of the National Tourism Development Plan consistent to the Aquino administration’s Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016. Realizing the potential to boost the country’s economy, the government takes an aggressive strategic move to develop tourism as a powerful economic growth engine in sustainable manner with the ultimate goal of attaining 10 million international visitors and 35.5 million domestic travelers that could translate to 6.8 million people being employed in the year 2016.

Panagbenga Festival is a month-long annual The objective of the strengthening flower festival occurring in Baguio, the summer the Philippine strategic planning process capital of the Philippines. Aside from economic produces three strategic directions which boosts from tourism, the festival also helped the younger generation of indigenous people to are: rediscover their culture's old traditions. 1. Develop and market competitive Introduction products and destinations.

In the past years, the 2. Improve market access, government’s stance in developing a connectivity and destination more sustainable tourism industry has infrastructure. certainly paid off. Not only has the Philippines become one of the most 3. Improve tourism institutional frequently visited tourist spots in Asia, governance and human today’s revitalized industry also provides resources. additional jobs for Filipinos without compromising the integrity of local DOT’s market-product analysis diversity and culture. recommends prioritizing nine tourism products towards enriching the tourist The Department of Tourism experience and boosting product (DOT) takes the lead in furthering the diversification. The nine tourism products position of the country as a favored travel namely (1) Nature Tourism, (2) Cultural destination. Along with other agencies Tourism, (3) Sun and Beach Tourism, (4)

49 50 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Leisure and Entertainment, (5) MICE and ♦ Filipino nationals or overseas Events Tourism, (6) Health, Wellness Filipinos residing permanently abroad and Retirement Tourism, (7) Cruise and who are on temporary stay in the Nautical Tourism, (8) Diving and Marine Philippines not exceeding one year. Sports Tourism and (9) Education These exclude overseas contract Tourism will serve as the official workers. Philippines Product Portfolio. However, the following are excluded in the visitor headcount: Source of Information ♦ Transit visitors and change-plane Statistics presented in this section passengers who remain in the deal on the travel of visitors to the premises of the port of entry terminal Philippines taken from arrival ♦ Aliens with prearranged employment and departure cards and shipping for renumeration in the Philippines, manifests of the DOT. and aliens studying in the country regardless of length of stay ♦ Filipinos living abroad, regardless of Definition of Terms length of stay overseas who are not permanent residents abroad Visitor – any person visiting the ♦ Immigrants or aliens (expatriates) Philippines for any reason other than who are permanently residing in the following an occupation remunerated Philippines from within the country and whose ♦ Filipino overseas contract workers on residence is not the Philippines (World home visits, and Tourism Organization) ♦ Returning residents of the

Philippines. There are two types of visitors under this definition, namely tourist and excursionist, defined as follows: Analysis of Tables

Tourist – temporary visitor Visitor arrivals up by 13.0 percent staying at least 24 hours in the country for a purpose classified as either holiday For the first quarter (January to (recreation, leisure, sport, and visit to March) of 2012, aggregate visitor arrivals family, friends or relatives), business, reached 1,148,072. This was 158,571 official mission, convention, or health bigger compared to 989,501 arrivals reasons registered in the first quarter of 2011, and translated to an increase of 16.0 percent Excursionist – temporary visitor (Table 3.1). staying less than 24 hours in the country Asian visitors comprise more than Based on the above definitions, half of total visitor arrivals the following are included in the visitor headcount: DOT’s arrival statistics showed Asia leading other continents as it ♦ Aliens entering the country for a accounted for 671,081 or 58.5 percent of temporary stay not exceeding one the aggregate arrivals in the first quarter year and for purposes other than of 2012. This was a 22.7 percent immigration, permanent residence or increase from first quarter 2011’s employment for renumeration in the 463,105 arrivals. East Asia has the lion country, and share of total visitor arrivals among Asian

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 51

regions with 554,275 (48.3%). Compared arrivals, posted 5.0 percent increase in with the first quarter 2011 output of the period under review. From 50,871 453,367, figure rose by 22.3 percent. arrivals in the first quarter of 2011 it went up to 53,404 arrivals in the same period Arrivals from North America of 2012 (Table 3.1). totaled 216,503 or 18.9 percent of the aggregate figure to register second. This Month-on-month growth rate up by 4.1 was an increase of 6.7 percent from first percent quarter 2011’s 202,964 arrivals. Among its countries, the United States of The month-on-month growth rate America (USA) accounted for the bulk or for March 2012 and March 2011 posted a 15.6 percent (179,561) of the total 16.9 percent increase. There were inbound traffic. increases in the total volume of visitors from all regions with Asia contributing additional visitor arrivals of 33,995 FIGURE 1 Visitor Arrivals by Region First Quarter 2011 and 2012 compared to 2011 first quarter of 173,140 which is translated to 19.6 percent improvement. Similarly number 700 671.1 of returni ng overseas Filipinos improved 600 2012 by 6.1 percent. Notable increases were 547.0 recorded by Europe and North America 500 2011 with 24.7 percent and 9.3 percent, respectively (Table 3.2). 400 300 Korea is the country’s leading visitor 216.5 203.0 200 FIGURE 2 Top Ten Travel Markets 129.6 106.9 thousands) (In Number First Quarter 2011 and 2012 61.7

100 52.2

1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 0

Asia 28.0 Africa Hong Kong

Europe 28.8 Australia United Kingdom 26.1 31.7 North America Region South America Singapore 32.4 2011 36.0

Canada 33.8 2012 Europe with 129,579 arrivals, 36.5 Australia 40.4 registered third with 11.3 percent share 40.4 of total arrivals. It marked a 21.2 percent Taiwan 42.0

Country 57.7 increase from 106,899 arrivals in the first China 54.3 quarter of 2011. 96.5 Japan 100.7 104.6 Africa registered the least number USA 168.8 of arrivals among the continents. Its 179.6 Korea 228.4 share to the aggregate arrival figure was 265.0 a measly 0.1 percent (Table 3.1). 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 Volume (In thousands)

Overseas Filipino arrivals post 5.0 percent increase Korea remained the distinction as the country’s biggest travel market as it Overseas Filipinos, who accounted for 228,398 arrivals equivalent comprised 4.7 percent of the total to 23.1 percent share. The USA stayed

52 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

at second with 168,847 arrivals for a 17.1 the figure went up by 67.36 percent in percent share, while Japan also stayed the same period of 2012. The average put on third with 100,681 arrivals length of stay of guests in these hotels (10.2%). was 2.43 nights, as against that of 2011’s 2.38 nights, a difference of 0.05 China remained unchanged at percentage points (Table 3.4). fourth place, posting 54,332 visitor arrivals while Taiwan snatched fifth place FIGURE 3 Average Occupancy Rates with 42,000 visitor arrivals. Australia and of Hotel in Metro Manila Hong Kong slid to sixth place (40,418) by Classification and ninth place (27,956) respectively. First Quarter 2011 and 2012 90.00 76.4 Eighty percent of the top ten 80.00 73.7 67.7 67.9 70.00 64.0 66.7 travel markets reported increases in 61.3 arrival volume. Taiwan registered the 60.00 56.6 highest improvement among the Top 10 50.00 Travel Markets registering 39.5 percent. 40.00 Korea posted the second highest 30.00 improvement with 30.7 percent. Hong Occupancy rate 20.00 Kong recorded the highest decline with 10.00 18.6 percent drop. United Kingdom (10th 0.00 place) is the other country that recorded De lux e First Standard Economy a decline, recording a 2.5 percent Class downfall. Canada (seventh place) and Hotel classification Singapore (eighth place) improved their standings by posting increases of 16.4 De Luxe Hotels percent and 15.6 percent respectively. USA, the second largest contributor to De Luxe hotels’ occupancy rate the country’s travel market registered 6.9 remained stable at 76.42 in the first percent improvement or an additional quarter of 2012 higher by 2.74 percent 10,852 visitor arrivals in first quarter 2011 than in 2011 of the same period. The compared to 157,995 it registered in the average length of stay increased by 0.04 same period in 2010. percentage points, as January to March 2011’s average of 2.91 nights rose to The 754,908 arrivals from these 2.95 nights in January to March of 2012 ten countries accounted for 76.3 percent (Table 3.4). of the total arrival figure (Table 3.3 and Figure 2). First Class Hotels

Average occupancy rate for first Hotel Accommodations class hotels in January to March of 2011 and Visitors’ Average was 64.02, a decrease of 0.05 percentage points from the 64.07 Length of Stay average recorded in January to March of First Quarter 2012 2011. The average length of stay was longer in January to March of 2012. In January to March of 2012, the From 2.35 nights in January to March of overall average occupancy rate of hotels 2011, it increased to 2.41 nights (0.06 increased by 1.82 percentage points. percentage points) (Table 3.4). From the 65.54 percent occupancy level recorded in January to March of 2011,

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 53

Standard Hotels

In January to March of 2012, the average occupancy rate of standard hotels slipped to 67.65, translated to a 0.11 percentage points decrease compared to the 67.76 average occupancy rate registered in January to March of 2011. However, the average length of stay went up by 0.04 percentage points from 2.25 nights to 2.29 nights in the period under review.

FIGURE 4 Overall Average Length of Stay (in nights) of Guests in Accredited Hotels in Metro Manila First Quarter 2011 and 2012 3.50

2.95 2.91 3.00 2.41 2.35 2.50 2.29 2.25 2.06 1. 9 9 2.00

1.50

1.00

Length of stay (in nights) (in of stay Length 0.50

0.00 De luxe First Class Standard Economy Hotel classification

Economy Hotels

The 61.34 rate of occupancy of economy hotels for January to March of 2012 was 4.7 percentage points, higher than the 56.64 occupancy level recorded for the same period in 2011. The average length of stay however significantly increased from 1.99 nights to 2.06 nights (Table 3.4).

54 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 3.1 Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence First Quarter First Quarter Increase/ 2012 2011 (Decrease)

GRAND TOTAL 1,148,072 989,501 16.0

Overseas Filipinos* 53,404 50,871 5.0

Asia 671,081 547,027 22.7 ASEAN 88,627 78,541 12.8 Brunei 1,477 1,177 25.5 Cambodia 438 527 (16.9) Indonesia 9,210 8,320 10.7 Laos 203 203 0.0 Malaysia 24,327 22,034 10.4 Myanmar 1,181 794 48.7 Singapore 35,975 32,411 11.0 Thailand 10,478 9,073 15.5 Vietnam 5,338 4,002 33.4

East Asia 554,275 453,367 22.3 China 96,455 54,332 77.5 Hong Kong 28,800 27,956 3.0 Japan 104,558 100,681 3.9 Korea 265,031 228,398 16.0 Macau 1,686 Taiwan 57,745 42,000 37.5

South Asia 14,728 15,119 (2.6) Bangladesh 703 731 (3.8) India 11,065 10,984 0.7 Iran 929 1,148 (19.1) Nepal 426 387 10.1 Pakistan 898 844 6.4 Sri Lanka 707 1,025 (31.0)

Middle East 13,451 11,984 12.2 Bahrain 783 564 38.8 Egypt 345 385 (10.4) Jordan 207 183 13.1 Kuwait 1,290 1,154 11.8 Qatar**** 922 837 -- Saudi Arabia 6,981 5,964 17.1 United Arab Emirates 2,923 2,897 0.9

North America 216,503 202,964 6.7 Canada 36,517 33,800 8.0 Mexico 425 317 34.1 United States of America 179,561 168,847 6.3

Continued TRAVEL AND TOURISM 55

Table 3.1 -- Continued

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence First Quarter First Quarter Increase/ 2012 2011 (Decrease)

South America 1,353 1,080 25.3 Argentina 342 254 34.6 Brazil 671 489 37.2 Colombia 181 190 (4.7) Peru 100 90 11.1 Venezuela 59 57 3.5

Europe 129,579 106,899 21.2 Western Europe 50,708 44,341 14.4 Andora 2,156 Austria 3,548 3,826 (7.3) Belgium 2,881 2,494 15.5 France 10,257 8,756 17.1 Germany 21,106 17,762 18.8 Luxembourg 163 127 28.3 Netherlands 5,798 5,283 9.7 Switzerland 6,955 6,093 14.1

Northern Europe 53,919 44,408 21.4 Denmark 5,094 4,256 19.7 Finland 1,864 1,602 16.4 Ireland 1,965 1,364 44.1 Norway 5,449 4,795 13.6 Sweden 7,847 6,326 24.0 United Kingdom 31,700 26,065 21.6

Southern Europe 9,985 9,038 10.5 Greece 501 482 3.9 Italy 5,062 4,744 6.7 Portugal 381 435 (12.4) Spain 4,041 3,377 19.7

Eastern Europe 12,954 9,112 42.2 Commonwealth of Independent States 1,681 1,275 31.8 Russian Federation*** 9,853 6,698 47.1 Total (CIS and Russia) 11,534 7,973 44.7 Poland 1,420 1,139 24.7

Eastern Mediterranean Europe***** 2,013 2,013 Israel 1,407 1,407 0.0 Turkey 606 606 --

Continued 56 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 3.1 -- Concluded

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence First Quarter First Quarter Increase/ 2012 2011 (Decrease)

Australasia/Pacific 58,375 49,476 18.0 Australia 47,651 40,418 17.9 Guam 9,759 8,425 15.8 Nauru 15 8 - Papua New Guinea 950 625 52.0

Africa 1,083 953 13.6 Nigeria 231 166 39.2 South Africa 852 787 8.3

Other unspecified residences 10,923 13,494 (19.1)

Notes: * - Philippine passport holders permanently residing abroad; excludes overseas Filipino workers. ** - Prior to April 2003, statistics from this country includes, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia. *** - Prior to July 2006, Russia arrivals were lumped under "CIS" and prior to August 2006, Estonia, Latvia and Turkmenistan arrivals were lumped under "CIS" **** - Prior to 2009, Statistics from this country were lumped under "Other" ***** - Grouping from UNWTO; prior to 2009, statistics from Israel were lumped under "Middle East"' and statistics from Turkey were lumped under "Others"

Source : Department of Tourism JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS 57

TABLE 3.2 Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence: March 2011 and 2012

March 2012 March 2011 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

GRAND TOTAL 375,083 100.0 320,876 100.0 16.9

Overseas Filipinos* 25,116 6.7 23,663 7.4 6.1

Asia 207,135 55.2 173,140 54.0 19.6 ASEAN 32,651 8.7 28,907 9.0 13.0 Brunei 611 0.2 570 0.2 7.2 Cambodia 171 0.0 172 0.1 (0.6) Indonesia 3,312 0.9 3,188 1.0 3.9 Laos 65 - 81 - (19.8) Malaysia 8,975 2.4 8,267 2.6 8.6 Myanmar 572 0.2 262 0.1 118.3 Singapore 13,436 3.6 12,009 3.7 11.9 Thailand 3,963 1.1 3,136 1.0 26.4 Vietnam 1,546 0.4 1,222 0.4 26.5

East Asia 164,488 43.9 135,344 42.2 21.5 China 27,298 7.3 15,742 4.9 73.4 Hong Kong 9,378 2.5 8,607 2.7 9.0 Japan 36,465 9.7 34,926 10.9 4.4 Korea 73,107 19.5 62,530 19.5 16.9 Macau 515 Taiwan 17,725 4.7 13,539 4.2 30.9

South Asia 5,290 1.4 4,951 1.5 6.8 Bangladesh 304 0.1 192 0.1 58.3 India 3,761 1.0 3,474 1.1 8.3 Iran 484 0.1 577 0.2 (16.1) Nepal 197 0.1 164 0.1 20.1 Pakistan 318 0.1 275 0.1 15.6 Sri Lanka 226 0.1 269 0.1 (16.0) Middle East 4,706 1.3 3,938 1.2 19.5 Bahrain 280 0.1 198 0.1 41.4 Egypt 132 0.0 136 0.0 (2.9) Jordan 58 0.0 69 0.0 (15.9) Kuwait 480 0.1 468 0.1 2.6 Qatar**** 331 0.1 296 0.1 11.8 Saudi Arabia 2,260 0.6 1,710 0.5 32.2 United Arab Emirates 1,165 0.3 1,061 0.3 9.8

North America 72,012 19.2 65,909 20.5 9.3 Canada 11,747 3.1 10,953 3.4 7.2 Mexico 148 0.0 131 0.0 13.0 United States of America 60,117 16.0 54,825 17.1 9.7

South America 425 0.1 350 0.1 21.4 Argentina 85 0.0 87 0.0 (2.3) Brazil 219 0.1 156 0.0 40.4 Colombia 63 0.0 60 0.0 5.0 Peru 49 0.0 29 0.0 69.0 Venezuela 9 0.0 18 0.0 (50.0)

Continued 58 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 3.2 -- Continued

March 2012 March 2011 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

Europe 42,703 11.4 34,236 10.7 24.7 Western Europe 16,628 4.4 14,190 4.4 17.2 Andorra 929 Austria 1,062 0.3 1,127 0.4 (5.8) Belgium 1,107 0.3 828 0.3 33.7 France 2,988 0.8 2,442 0.8 22.4 Germany 7,292 1.9 6,096 1.9 19.6 Luxembourg 65 0.0 50 0.0 30.0 Netherlands 1,809 0.5 1,704 0.5 6.2 Switzerland 2,305 0.6 1,943 0.6 18.6

Northern Europe 19,217 5.1 14,240 4.4 35.0 Denmark 1,332 0.4 1,076 0.3 23.8 Finland 521 0.1 414 0.1 25.8 Ireland 724 0.2 488 0.2 48.4 Norway 1,886 0.5 1,346 0.4 40.1 Sweden 2,022 0.5 1,690 0.5 19.6 United Kingdom 12,732 3.4 9,226 2.9 38.0 Southern Europe 3,286 0.9 2,989 0.9 9.9 Greece 179 0.0 146 0.0 22.6 Italy 1,472 0.4 1,436 0.4 2.5 Portugal 131 0.0 116 0.0 12.9 Spain 1,504 0.4 1,291 0.4 16.5 Eastern Europe 3,572 1.0 2,817 0.9 26.8 Commonwealth of Independent States 684 0.2 451 0.1 51.7 Russian Federation*** 2,544 0.2 1,995 0.2 (7.7) Total (CIS and Russia) 3,228 0.3 2,446 0.3 32.0 Poland 344 0.1 371 0.1 (7.3)

Eastern Mediterranean Europe***** 715 0.1 603 0.1 0.0 Israel 482 0.1 466 0.1 0.0 Turkey 233 0.0 137 0.0 0.0

Continued TRAVEL AND TOURISM 59

Table 3.2 -- Concluded

March 2012 March 2011 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

Australasia/Pacific 22,173 5.9 18,132 5.7 22.3 Australia 17,053 4.5 13,851 4.3 23.1 Guam 3,488 0.9 2,991 0.9 16.6 Nauru 3 0.0 3 - 100.0 New Zealand 1,237 0.3 1,029 0.3 20.2 Papua New Guinea 392 0.1 258 - 51.9

Africa 334 0.1 321 0.1 4.0 Nigeria 50 0.0 49 - 2.0 South Africa 284 0.1 272 0.1 4.4

Others and unspecified residences 3,541 0.9 4,522 1.4 (21.7)

Notes: * - Philippine passport holders permanently residing abroad; excludes overseas Filipino workers. ** - Prior to April 2003, statistics from this country includes, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia. *** - Prior to July 2006, Russia arrivals were lumped under "CIS" and prior to August 2006, Estonia, Latvia and Turkmenistan ariivals were lumped under "CIS"

Source : Department of Tourism

60 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 3.3 Top Ten Travel Markets: First Quarter 2011 and 2012

First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011 Percent Volume Percent Rank Volume Increase/ to Total Decrease

Total 1,148,072 100.0 989,501 16.0 Korea 265,031 23.1 1 228,398 16.0 United States of America 179,561 15.6 2 168,847 6.3 Japan 104,558 9.1 3 100,681 3.9 China 96,455 8.4 4 54,332 77.5 Taiwan 57,745 5.0 5 42,000 37.5 Australia 40,418 3.5 6 40,418 0.0 Canada 36,517 3.2 7 33,800 8.0 Singapore 35,975 3.1 8 32,411 11.0 United Kingdom 31,700 2.8 9 26,065 21.6 Hong Kong 28,800 2.5 10 27,956 3.0 Other Countries 271,312 23.6 234,593 15.7

Source : Department of Tourism TABLE 3.4 Average Occupancy Rates of Hotels in Metro Manila by Classification First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Overall Average Classification First Quarter First Quarter Difference 2012 2011

Occupancy Rates 67.36 65.54 1.82 Length of stay (in Nights) 2.43 2.38 0.05

De luxe Occupancy Rates 76.42 73.68 2.74 Length of stay 2.95 2.91 0.04

First Class Occupancy Rates 64.02 64.07 (0.05) Length of stay 2.41 2.35 0.06

Standard Occupancy Rates 67.65 67.76 (0.11) Length of stay 2.29 2.25 0.04

Economy Occupancy Rates 61.34 56.64 4.70 Length of stay 2.06 1.99 0.07

Source : Department of Tourism Section IV - SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Welfare Benefits individuals, families, groups, and communities. It is also incumbent on the and Services agency to provide support to local Fourth Quarter 2011 government units (LGUs), non- government organizations (NGOs), other national government agencies (NGAs), people’s organizations (POs), and other members of the civil society to effectively implement programs, projects, and services to these marginalized sectors of the society.

Child and youth welfare programs of the government are specifically led by the Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare (BCYW) which cares for the abandoned, neglected, disturbed, and the exploited and abused youth. Among the services accorded the disadvantaged youth offenders, child prostitutes, and street children are the following:

Introduction • Psychosocial recovery and social All government agencies and reintegration of sexually abused and non-government organizations (NGOs) exploited children - reintegration of child are mandated to spearhead programs, victims to the family and the community projects, and services for the welfare of the more-often-neglected sectors of • The Child Help Intervention and society. Protective Services (CHIPS) offer crisis intervention and therapy; its services can On the forefront of these be accessed in all 17 regions via hotlines agencies and organizations are Inter- provided and also through the Bantay Agency Committee chaired by the Bata program. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) tasked to oversee the foregoing thrusts that seek to • Assistance to disadvantaged promote the rights and full participation children of mixed parentage in the form of these neglected sectors. of skills training, livelihood assistance, psychological interventions, and The DSWD is mandated to assistance relative to their citizenship. provide social protection, assistance, and Department arrangements enable a augmentation needs to disadvantaged number of disadvantaged transnational children like Amerasians to locate 61 62 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

foreigner parents, or at best, to reunite a permanent family. Local adoption is children with their parents abroad. This adoption within the country. Intercountry service facilitates children’s reintegration adoption is adoption outside the country. into the community Foster care is the provision of planned substitute parental care for a • Community-based rehabilitation child by a licensed foster family when his for children in conflict with the law affords or her biological parents cannot care for diverse options to prevent juvenile him for a certain period of time. offenders from breaking the law

Legal guardianship is a socio- • Sulong Dunong sa Kabataan legal process of providing substitute assists youths to finish high school or parental care through the appointment of head into technical or vocational a legal guardian of the child and his livelihood training property until child reaches the age of majority. • Local and intercountry adoption and alternative family care services nurture Protective custody. This is a abandoned and neglected children by service provided to children whose placing them in the care of foster parents are unable to provide the parents. With adoption, abandoned and required protection and whose conditions unregistered children earn the right to the demonstrate observable evidence of family name and nationality of foster injurious effects of the failure to meet the parents children’s basic needs. Immediate intervention is provided to a child who is • Devolved services for children and abandoned, neglected, physically or youths look after preschoolers in day sexually abused or exploited, to prevent care centers and provide them further abuse and exploitation, and to supplemental feeding. They also service assist the child and family to overcome street children and delinquent youths the trauma of such experiences. with medical attention, livelihood opportunities, and counseling services Other than these programs for the youth and children, the DSWD also • Retained Community-Based provides support to the disadvantaged Program and marginalized women sector of the society. Child Care and Placement Services. These services provide Services for women-in-especially alternative parental care to abandoned, difficult-circumstances (WEDC) were neglected, and abused children, thus, launched in response to the emerging restoring their right to a family, name, needs of women in this sector. This is to and nationality. Particular interventions empower them to avoid high-risk, violent, employed under these services include and dangerous incidents as well as to local adoption, intercountry adoption, equip and prepare them physically and temporary parental care through foster emotionally as they return to their care, and legal guardianship. families.

Adoption is a socio-legal process Marginalized families, on the which enables a child, who cannot be other hand, become beneficiaries under reared by his biological or natural the following services by program or parents, to acquire a legal status wherein project: he can benefit from new relationship with

SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 63

• Locally-Funded Project • Care-giving training for family members Comprehensive and Integrated • Counseling, professional Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) is a guidance and family therapy pro poor program which seeks to • Specialized skills training empower targeted families and for professionals and service communities to enable them to meet their providers minimum basic needs (MBNs), improve • Protection and safety program. their quality of living, and contribute to reduction in poverty. Analysis of Table Enabling acts were issued to raise the level of awareness of the general public and policymakers on Number of disadvantaged children ageing, on the needs of persons with served up by more than 12.0 percent disabilities (PWDs), and on the prevention of discrimination and abuse of older persons (OPs). All government FIGURE 1 Number of Disadvantaged Children Served by Program/Project/Service and by Sex agencies and nongovernment Fourth Quarter 2011 organizations (NGOs) are mandated to spearhead programs, projects, and 8,000 services for their welfare, thus bringing Male these more-often-neglected sectors into Female 5,842 the mainstream of society. 6,000 5,133

On the forefront of these 4,000 agencies and organization are Inter- Agency Committee chaired by the Number Department of Social Welfare and 2,000 1, 4 7 3 Development (DSWD) tasked to oversee 1, 13 4 the foregoing thrusts that seek to promote the rights, full participation, 0 and equality for OPs and PWDs. Community-based Centers/institutions programs based services Moreover, Batas Pambansa 344, otherwise known as the Accessibility Law, provides for friendly facilities for the A total of 13,582 disadvantaged OPs and PWDs such as: children (DC) were served and given

augmentation support in various regions • Well-lit government buildings in the fourth quarter of 2011. Compared • Readable sign boards with that of fourth quarter 2010, this was • Specially-built and -designed 1,528 children more or an increase of comfort rooms 12.7 percent. • Ramps • Improved architectural designs of The National Capital Region government buildings to facilitate (NCR) topped the list with the most access of OPs and PWDs number of DC served at 3,559 or 26.2 • Nonformal education percent of the total. CALABARZON • Livelihood followed with 3,058 or 22.5 percent • Vocational skills training for served, while MIMAROPA served 9.2 employment purposes percent. Closely tailing is MIMAROPA at 64 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

7.9 percent. SOCCSKSARGEN youth or almost 64.0 percent and the served the least with 100 DC (0.7%). rest, 1,037 in center- or institution-based programs. Those served under community- based programs, were reported to be Across regions, the biggest greater than those at centers or recipient of welfare benefits for its institutions, 10,975 or 80.8 percent disadvantaged youth was the against a total of 2,607 from that of Zamboanga Peninsula with 1,174 center-based programs. NCR remained (65.1%)). Other regions reported less the biggest recipient of services in the than 300 beneficiaries. The least was community as 2,442 (22.3%) DC were seen in Caraga which served 9 (0.5%) served (Table 4.1). (Table 4.2).

Number of disadvantaged youth Disadvantaged women served dent served down 33.0 percent by almost 40.0 percent

FIGURE 3 Number of Women Served FIGURE 2 Number of Youth Served by Program/Project/Service by Program/Project/Service and by Sex Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2011

4,703 1,500 5,000 Male

1, 16 6 Female 4,000

973

3,000

636 Number 2,000 Number 964 1,000

64 0 0 Community-based Centers/institutions programs based services Community-based Centers/institutions programs based services

Disadvantaged women (DW) A total of 2,839 disadvantaged numbering 5,667 were served under the youth (DY) were served in the fourth community- and center-based programs quarter of 2011. Compared with that of in the fourth quarter 2011. This was a the fourth quarter of 2010, this was 1.401 decrease of more than three thousand or less or a decrease of 33.1 percent. 39.9 percent vis-à-vis that of the fourth quarter 2010. By program, those served Zamboanga Peninsula reported a under community-based programs surge of 1,226 (43.2%) served coming totaled 4,703 or 82.9 percent, while those from only 17.0 percent in the 2010 period served under center-based programs under review. It dislodged NCR from top numbered 964 (17.1%). position which reported a measly 5.1 percent of the youth served. Among regions, NCR reported

the biggest decrease in the number of Among those served under beneficiaries in both programs. From 5 community-based programs were 1,802 thousand plus women served, number

SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 65

went down to only 538 or a less of 90.5 Center-based programs got the percent. On the other hand, lion’s share with more than 98.0 percent CALABARZON reported the biggest (1,364), while community-based served share at 23.5 percent, followed closely by only 25 beneficiaries (Table 4.4). Zamboanga Peninsula with 18.8 percent. The least was seen in SOCCSSARGEN Senior citizens served loses 18.0 which reported only 5 women serve or percent 0.08 percent (Table 4.3). A total of 1,326 senior citizens Number of persons with disabilities (SCs) were served during the fourth served with minimal increase quarter of 2011 under the community- and center- or institution-based

programs. Compared with that of 2011

fourth quarter, this was a loss of almost FIGURE 4 Number of Persons with Disabilities Served by Program/Project/Service and by Sex 18.0 percent. Fourth Quarter 2011 By program, those served under 800 community-based programs numbered Male 687 677 the most at 875 or almost 70.0 percent. Female 600 Regional tally showed CALABARZON with 38.9 percent of SCs served (517). Other regions followed 400 with minimal outputs such as Central Number Visayas with 354 (26.7%), and Zamboanga Peninsula 131 (9.9%).

200 Miniscule outputs were seen in CAR

(Cordillera Autonomous Region) and 15 10 Eastern Visayas with 0.7 percent and 0 Community-based Centers/institutions 0.5 percent apiece (Table 4.5). programs based services

The community- and center- based programs of the government served a total of 1,389 persons with disabilities (PWDs) during the fourth quarter of 2011. Compared with those served in the same period in 2010, (1,382), number of those served increased by 0.5 percent.

In the same period, NCR reported the biggest number of those served at 1,018 or 73.1 percent. Central Visayas was a far second with those served at

138 or 9.9 percent.

By gender, more than 50.0 percent were women who were physically challenged. 66 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.1 Number of Disadvantaged Children Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

2011 2010 Total Number of Children Served Total Number of Children Served in Community and Center-based Programs in Community and Center-based Programs Region Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 13,582 6,267 7,315 12,054 5,742 6,312 NCR 3,559 1,853 1,706 3,462 1,798 1,664 CAR 352 166 186 263 135 128 I - Ilocos Region 697 294 403 714 341 373 II - Cagayan Valley 209 88 121 305 135 170 III - Central Luzon 444 202 242 1,552 706 846 IVA - CALABARZON 3,058 1,307 1,751 1,477 702 775 IVB - MIMAROPA 1,253 584 669 1,026 564 462 V - Bicol Region 249 104 145 235 111 124 VI - Western Visayas 530 252 278 170 46 124 VII - Central Visayas 1,068 471 597 841 367 474 VIII - Eastern Visayas 171 81 90 251 85 166 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 872 416 456 764 330 434 X - Northern Mindanao 409 171 238 450 216 234 XI - Davao Region 445 193 252 315 126 189 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 100 33 67 91 38 53 XIII - Caraga 166 52 114 138 42 96 ARMM ------

2011 2010 Total Number of Children Served Total Number of Children Served in Community-based Programs in Community-based Programs Region Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 10,975 5,133 5,842 9,700 4,764 4,936 NCR 2,442 1,228 1,214 2,543 1,306 1,237 CAR 253 131 122 220 115 105 I - Ilocos Region 604 283 321 613 297 316 II - Cagayan Valley 191 85 106 281 118 163 III - Central Luzon 29 14 15 1,218 590 628 IVA - CALABARZON 3,012 1,304 1,708 1,422 699 723 IVB - MIMAROPA 1,253 584 669 1,026 564 462 V - Bicol Region 176 72 104 153 77 76 VI - Western Visayas 480 240 240 131 36 95 VII - Central Visayas 897 421 476 666 315 351 VIII - Eastern Visayas 109 53 56 140 56 84 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 749 373 376 648 293 355 X - Northern Mindanao 314 144 170 335 177 158 XI - Davao Region 326 150 176 188 79 109 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 3 - 3 9 1 8 XIII - Caraga 137 51 86 107 41 66 ARMM ------

Continued SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 67

Table 4.1 -- Concluded

2011 2010 Total Number of Children Served Total Number of Children Served Region in Centers/Institutions-based Programs in Centers/Institutions-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Philippines 2,607 1,134 1,473 2,354 978 1,376 NCR 1,117 625 492 919 492 427 CAR 99 35 64 43 20 23 I - Ilocos Region 93 11 82 101 44 57 II - Cagayan Valley 18 3 15 24 17 7 III - Central Luzon 415 188 227 334 116 218 IVA - CALABARZON 46 3 43 55 3 52 IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region 73 32 41 82 34 48 VI - Western Visayas 50 12 38 39 10 29 VII - Central Visayas 171 50 121 175 52 123 VIII - Eastern Visayas 62 28 34 111 29 82 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 123 43 80 116 37 79 X - Northern Mindanao 95 27 68 115 39 76 XI - Davao Region 119 43 76 127 47 80 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 97 33 64 82 37 45 XIII - Caraga 29 1 28 31 1 30 ARMM ------

Note : - No Data

Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

TABLE 4.2 Number of Youth Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

2011 2010 Total Number of Youth Served Total Number of Youth Served Region in Community and Center-based Programs in Community and Center-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 2,839 2,139 700 4,240 3,092 1,148 NCR 145 92 53 1,000 498 502 CAR 43 23 20 15 14 1 I - Ilocos Region 91 91 - 318 145 173 II - Cagayan Valley 12 9 3 21 5 16 III - Central Luzon 86 86 - 74 74 - IVA - CALABARZON 451 262 189 215 177 38 IVB - MIMAROPA 1 - 1 229 117 112 V - Bicol Region 99 68 31 36 36 - VI - Western Visayas 52 52 - 1,181 1,107 74 VII - Central Visayas 330 204 126 187 130 57 VIII - Eastern Visayas 75 75 - 64 64 - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,226 953 273 710 575 135 X - Northern Mindanao 51 50 1 35 35 - XI - Davao Region 99 99 - 94 73 21 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 28 28 - 14 2 12 XIII - Caraga 50 47 3 47 40 7 ARMM ------Continued 68 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 4.2 -- Concluded

2011 2010 Total Number of Youth Served Total Number of Youth Served in Community-based Programs in Community-based Programs Region Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,802 1,166 636 3,308 2,260 1,048 NCR - - - 703 289 414 CAR 43 23 20 15 14 1 I - Ilocos Region - - - 240 67 173 II - Cagayan Valley 12 9 3 21 5 16 III - Central Luzon 1 1 - 15 15 - IVA - CALABARZON 238 49 189 59 21 38 IVB - MIMAROPA 1 - 1 229 117 112 V - Bicol Region 65 34 31 10 10 - VI - Western Visayas - - - 1,153 1,079 74 VII - Central Visayas 235 120 115 110 65 45 VIII - Eastern Visayas - - - 3 3 - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,174 901 273 673 538 135 X - Northern Mindanao 24 23 1 12 12 - XI - Davao Region - - - 40 19 21 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN - - - 14 2 12 XIII - Caraga 9 6 3 11 4 7 ARMM ------

2011 2010 Total Number of Youth Served Total Number of Youth Served in Centers/Institutions-based Programs in Centers/Institutions-based Programs Region Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,037 973 64 932 832 100 NCR 145 92 53 297 209 88 CAR ------I - Ilocos Region 91 91 - 78 78 - II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon 85 85 - 59 59 - IVA - CALABARZON 213 213 - 156 156 - IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region 34 34 - 26 26 - VI - Western Visayas 52 52 - 28 28 - VII - Central Visayas 95 84 11 77 65 12 VIII - Eastern Visayas 75 75 - 61 61 - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 52 52 - 37 37 - X - Northern Mindanao 27 27 - 23 23 - XI - Davao Region 99 99 - 54 54 - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 28 28 - - - - XIII - Caraga 41 41 - 36 36 - ARMM ------

Note : - No Data

Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 69

TABLE 4.3 Number of Women Served by Program/Project/Service and by Region Fourth Quarter 2011

2011 2010 Total Number of Women Served Total Number of Women Served Region in Community and Center-based Programs in Community and Center-based Programs

Philippines 5,667 9,428 NCR 538 5,180 CAR 97 84 I - Ilocos Region 161 39 II - Cagayan Valley 371 228 III - Central Luzon 68 267 IVA - CALABARZON 1,330 387 IVB - MIMAROPA 33 226 V - Bicol Region 366 261 VI - Western Visayas 19 12 VII - Central Visayas 837 230 VIII - Eastern Visayas 42 208 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,065 387 X - Northern Mindanao 488 285 XI - Davao Region 65 992 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 5 250 XIII - Caraga 182 392 ARMM - -

2011 2010 Total Number of Women Served Total Number of Women Served Region in Community-based Programs in Community-based Programs

Philippines 4,703 8,797 NCR 0 4,794 CAR 69 78 I - Ilocos Region 138 13 II - Cagayan Valley 354 228 III - Central Luzon 6 198 IVA - CALABARZON 1,293 382 IVB - MIMAROPA 33 226 V - Bicol Region 355 251 VI - Western Visayas - - VII - Central Visayas 800 199 VIII - Eastern Visayas 24 193 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 934 363 X - Northern Mindanao 475 263 XI - Davao Region 41 976 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 5 245 XIII - Caraga 176 388 ARMM - -

Continued 70 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 4.3 -- Concluded

2011 2010 Total Number of Youth Served Total Number of Youth Served in Centers/Institutions-based Programs in Centers/Institutions-based Programs Region Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 964 631 NCR 538 386 CAR 28 6 I - Ilocos Region 23 26 II - Cagayan Valley 17 - III - Central Luzon 62 69 IVA - CALABARZON 37 5 IVB - MIMAROPA - - V - Bicol Region 11 10 VI - Western Visayas 19 12 VII - Central Visayas 37 31 VIII - Eastern Visayas 18 15 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 131 24 X - Northern Mindanao 13 22 XI - Davao Region 24 16 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN - 5 XIII - Caraga 6 4 ARMM - -

Note : - No data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 71

TABLE 4.4 Number of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

2011 2010 Total Number of PWDs Served Total Number of PWDs Served Region in Community and Center-based Programs in Community and Center-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,389 702 687 1,382 691 691 NCR 1,018 493 525 981 482 499 CAR 11 5 6 10 4 6 I - Ilocos Region 70 40 30 73 41 32 II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon 69 42 27 18 1 17 IVA - CALABARZON 1 1 - 48 24 24 IVB - MIMAROPA - - - 1 1 - V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas - - - 11 10 1 VII - Central Visayas 138 81 57 135 68 67 VIII - Eastern Visayas 5 3 2 3 1 2 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 15 9 6 49 29 20 X - Northern Mindanao ------XI - Davao Region 1 - 1 1 - 1 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 58 27 31 49 29 20 XIII - Caraga 3 1 2 3 1 2 ARMM ------

2011 2010 Region Total Number of PWDs Served Total Number of PWDs Served in Community-based Programs in Community-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 25 15 10 95 41 54 NCR - - - 12 8 4 CAR 11 5 6 9 4 5 I - Ilocos Region 2 1 1 - - - II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon - - - 18 1 17 IVA - CALABARZON 1 1 - 48 24 24 IVB - MIMAROPA - - - 1 1 - V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas - - - 1 - 1 VII - Central Visayas 3 3 - - - - VIII - Eastern Visayas 5 3 2 3 1 2 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 2 1 1 1 1 - X - Northern Mindanao ------XI - Davao Region ------XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------XIII - Caraga 1 1 - 2 1 1 ARMM ------

Continued 72 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 4.4 -- Concluded

2011 2010 Total Number of PWDs Served Total Number of PWDs Served Region in Centers/Institutions-based Programs in Centers/Institutions-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,364 687 677 1,287 650 637 NCR 1,018 493 525 969 474 495 CAR - - - 1 - 1 I - Ilocos Region 68 39 29 73 41 32 II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon 69 42 27 - - - IVA - CALABARZON ------IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas - - - 10 10 - VII - Central Visayas 135 78 57 135 68 67 VIII - Eastern Visayas ------IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 13 8 5 48 28 20 X - Northern Mindanao ------XI - Davao Region 1 - 1 1 - 1 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 58 27 31 49 29 20 XIII - Caraga 2 - 2 1 - 1 ARMM ------

Note: - No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

TABLE 4.5 Number of Senior Citizens (SCs) Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

2011 2010 Total Number of SCs Served Total Number of SCs Served in Community and Center-based Programs in Community and Center-based Programs Region Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,326 580 746 1,616 669 947 NCR 82 41 41 455 176 279 CAR 72 5 752 I - Ilocos Region 18 6 12 49 14 35 II - Cagayan Valley 29 9 20 26 7 19 III - Central Luzon - - - 31 14 17 IVA - CALABARZON 517 186 331 329 119 210 IVB - MIMAROPA - - - 40 14 26 V - Bicol Region 30 11 19 43 13 30 VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas 354 192 162 191 109 82 VIII - Eastern Visayas 5 2 3 4 3 1 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 131 49 82 88 31 57 X - Northern Mindanao 60 33 27 66 18 48 XI - Davao Region 56 34 22 201 114 87 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------XIII - Caraga 37 15 22 86 32 54 ARMM ------Continued SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 73

Table 4.5 -- Concluded

2011 2010 Total Number of SCs Served Total Number of SCs Served Region in Community-based Programs in Community-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 875 397 478 1,187 501 686 NCR 455 - - 398 154 244 CAR 72 5 752 I - Ilocos Region 49 6 12 49 14 35 II - Cagayan Valley 26 9 20 26 7 19 III - Central Luzon 31 - - 31 14 17 IVA - CALABARZON 329 93 164 57 18 39 IVB - MIMAROPA 40 - - 40 14 26 V - Bicol Region 43 11 19 43 13 30 VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas 191 192 162 191 109 82 VIII - Eastern Visayas 4 2 3 4 3 1 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 88 34 44 44 18 26 X - Northern Mindanao 66 33 27 66 18 48 XI - Davao Region 201 - - 145 82 63 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------XIII - Caraga 86 15 22 86 32 54 ARMM ------

2011 2010 Total Number of SCs Served Total Number of SCs Served Region in Centers/Institutions-based Programs in Centers/Institutions-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 451 183 268 429 168 261 NCR 82 41 41 57 22 35 CAR ------I - Ilocos Region ------II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon ------IVA - CALABARZON 260 93 167 272 101 171 IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - Eastern Visayas ------IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 53 15 38 44 13 31 X - Northern Mindanao ------XI - Davao Region 56 34 22 56 32 24 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------XIII - Caraga ------ARMM ------

Note: - No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

Section V – EDUCATION AND CULTURE

Education Indicators Public education is entirely 2008-2012 subsidized by the national government as mandated by the Constitution while private schools are run by independent entities.

Two government bodies supervise the country’s educational system. The Department of Education (DepEd) administers preschool, elementary, and secondary schools while the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) manages tertiary and other higher education institutions.

Various indicators assess the capability of the Philippine educational system in terms of objectivity, competency, and sufficient delivery. Indicators such as net participation rate, cohort survival rate, teacher-pupil ratio, number of teachers, and number of Introduction public and private schools are used every school year to measure system Education plays a remarkable improvement. role in growing economies. As businesses become increasingly education-based, learning or instruction Definition of Terms carries a greater burden in improving skill and competitiveness of the people. Net participation rate at the elementary level – the proportion of the In the Philippines, the elementary number of enrollees 7-12 years old to education program is created to give six population 7-12 years old years of basic literacy, numeric thinking, and work skills to improve the children’s Net participation rate at the learning capabilities and values. secondary level – the proportion of the Graduates of the elementary course are number of enrollees 13-16 years old to accepted to the secondary course. This the population 13-16 years old level is the continuation of general education given in the elementary level Cohort survival rate at the and helps as a preparation for vocational elementary level – the proportion of or college education. Those who have enrollees at the beginning grade which completed secondary education can be reach the final grade at the end of the admitted to the collegiate or university required number of years of study level.

74 EDUCATION AND CULTURE 75

Cohort survival rate at the NCR posts highest public secondary secondary level – the proportion of school participation rate enrollees at the beginning year which reach the final year at the end of the As expected, the National Capital required number of years of study. Region (NCR), the country’s center of learning, accounted for the highest participation rate in public secondary Analysis of Tables schools with 76.6 percent, followed by Ilocos Region with 71.1 percent. Central Participation rate of public elementary Luzon came third with 68.1 percent. On school pupils increases by 3.3 percent fourth place was CALABARZON with 67.0 percent. Other regions with 60 Approximately 87.9 percent of percentage points were Cagayan Valley Filipino children, ages seven to 12 were and CAR with 65.5 and 63.0 percent, enrolled in public elementary schools for respectively. Autonomous Region in school year (SY) 2009-2010. The Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), on the other participation rate of elementary inclined hand, showed the least with 39.8 by 3.3 percentage points from the 85.1 percent. (Table 5.2) percent recorded the previous SY (Table 5.1). Cohort survival rate in elementary school level decreases by 1.3 percent CAR caps public elementary schools participation rate Based on the DepEd’s report, 74 out of 100 Filipino first graders (74.4%) Among regions, the Cordillera reached the elementary sixth grade in SY Administrative Region (CAR) exhibited 2009-2010. This was a 1.3 percentage the highest net participation rate in public point decrease from the 75.4 percent elementary schools with 95.4 percent. registered in SY 2008-2009. Ilocos Region came second with 92.4 percent. Bicol Region came after with CALABARZON has the highest cohort 91.6 percent. On fourth place was survival rate in elementary school Cagayan Valley with 91.5 percent. Managing above the 90 percentage The top five regions with the points were Caraga and Central Visayas highest cohort survival rate in elementary with 90.9 and 90.3 percent, respectively. school level were CALABARZON with (Table 5.1) 87.0 percent or a 3.8 percentage points increase from the 83.8 percent recorded Participation rate of public secondary previously. It was followed by Ilocos school students declines by 2.1 Region with 84.4 percent or a 2.7 percentage points percentage points decrease from that of 86.7 percent. On third place was Central Some 59.5 percent of the public Luzon with 84.0 percent or a 1.1 high school students were enrolled for percentage points increase from the 83.0 the SY 2009-2010. This was a decrease registered the former SY. On fourth and of about 2.1 percentage points from the fifth place were NCR and Central 60.7 recorded the previous SY. (Table Visayas with 82.3 and 80.5 percent, 5.2) respectively. Meanwhile, ARMM had the least with 38.9 percent in SY 2009-2010 or a 4.5 percentage points decrease reflected the previous SY. (Table 5.3)

76 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Cohort survival rate in secondary Of the 2.08 million enrollees in school level decreases by 1.6 percent SY 2011-2012, 1.67 million or 80.3 percent of the total were enrolled in In the secondary school level, 78 public school while the remaining 19.7 out of 100 first year high school students percent (408,747) were in private school. (78.4%) in current SY reached fourth year high school. This was 1.6 Elementary and secondary enrolment percentage points lower than the 79.7 increases by 2.6 and 2.4 percent, percent revealed the previous SY. respectively

Ilocos Region registers the highest For the current SY, total cohort survival rate in high school enrolment in elementary education in the with 84.8 percent country increased by 2.6 percent from 14.02 million in previous SY to 14.38 Across regions, the highest million enrollees. Likewise, the country’s cohort survival rate was recorded in total enrolment in secondary education Ilocos Region with 84.8 percent or a 0.4 showed an increase of 2.4 percent from percentage points decrease from the 6.81million in previous SY to 6.97 million 85.1 percent it registered the previous enrollees in SY 2011-2012. SY. CALABARZON followed with 82.1 percent or 3.9 percentage points less Public enrolment greater than that in than the 85.4 percent recorded private previously. On third place was NCR with 81.3 percent or a decrease of 4.1 Enrolment in public elementary percentage points from that of 84.8 schools reported 92.0 percent (13.23 percent noted the previous SY. Western million) while private schools 8.0 percent Visayas was on fourth spot with 81.1 (1.15 million). percent or a decrease of 1.1 percentage points from that of 80.2 in SY 2008-2009. Moreover, public enrollees in Managing above the 80 percent were secondary schools outnumbered its Cagayan Valley and Central Luzon with private counterpart with 5.58 million or 80.9 and 80.8 percent, respectively. 80.0 percent of the total while private ARMM had the lowest cohort survival registered 1.40 million or 20.0 percent. rate at 68.0 percent. (Table 5.5)

The two school years saw CAR Number of public and private pre- and Davao Region illustrating dwindling schools grows by 3.7 percent cohort survival rates with 8.5 and 5.9 percentage points losses, respectively. The DepEd tallied the total On the other hand, SOCCSKSARGEN number of public and private pre-school exhibited a 7.6 percent gain in cohort at 30,108 in SY 2010-2011. This was 3.7 survival rate. (Table 5.4) percent increase from the 29,040 recorded the previous SY 2009-2010. Pre-school enrolment increases by 31.0 percent There are more public than private pre-schools For the SY 2011-2012, total enrolment in pre-school education in the Of the 30,108 pre-schools, country rose by 31.0 percent that is 2.08 21,862 or 72.6 percent constitutes public million from 1.59 million enrollees in SY pre-schools while private have 8,246 or 2010-2011. 27.4 percent.

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 77

CALABARZON posts bulk of pre- Number of secondary schools schools increases by 40.4 percent

Of the 30,108 pre-schools in SY There were 10,426 schools in 2010-2011, CALABARZON had the most secondary level in SY 2010-2011posting number at 4,004 or 13.3 percent of the a 40.4 percent increase from the 10,384 total. Central Luzon followed with 3,698 schools recorded the previous SY. schools for a share of 12.3 percent. On third place was Ilocos Region with 2,425 Public high schools greater than that or 8.1 percent. Managing above the of private 2,000 number of preschools were Bicol Region (2,418 or 8.0%), Central Visayas Of the 10,426 secondary schools, (2,364 or 7.9%) and NCR (2,008 or 5,719 or 54.9 percent belong to 6.7%). government run public schools while the remaining 45.1 percent (4,707) are The region with the least number privately owned. of pre-schools was the CAR with 773 or 2.6 percent. CALABARZON has the most number of high schools Number of elementary schools increases by 1.3 percent Of the 10,426 secondary schools in SY 2010-2011, CALABARZON had The total number of elementary the most number at 1,595 accounting for schools in SY 2010-2011 was registered 15.3 percent of the total. Central Luzon at 45,435. This was 1.3 percent increase followed with 1,077 or 10.3 percent of the from the 44,846 elementary schools total. On third place was NCR with 982 recorded the previous SY 2009-2010. or 9.4 percent. Western Visayas came fourth with 781 schools or 7.5 percent of Elementary public schools outnumber the total. On fifth and sixth place was private schools Bicol Region and Central Visayas with 726 (7.0%) and 710 (6.8%) schools, Of the 45,435 elementary schools respectively. in SY 2010-2011, 38,351 or 84.4 percent are public schools while the remaining Northern Mindanao had the least 15.6 (7,084) percent are private schools. number of secondary schools with 236 or 2.3 percent. (Table 5.6) CALABARZON registers the most number of elementary schools Promotion of Culture Of the 45,435 schools in SY 2010-2011, CALABARZON had the most and Arts number at 4,548 or 10.0 percent of the total. Central Luzon came second with The National Commission for 4,061 schools or 8.9 percent of the total. Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is the It was followed by Eastern Visayas overall policy, coordinating and grants (3,747) and Western Visayas (3,744). giving agency for the preservation, On fourth and fifth place was Bicol development, and promotion of Region with 3,384 or 7.4 percent and Philippine arts and culture. Its general Central Visayas with 3,309 or 7.3 function includes the promotion of percent, respectively. cultural and artistic development, conservation of the nation’s historical and 78 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

cultural heritage, nationwide and activities organized by the dissemination of artistic and cultural National Committee on products; and preservation and Architecture and Allied Arts for integration of traditional culture as part of the Philippine International Arts the national cultural mainstream. Festival 2011. It features the exhibitions Arkitektura + Moda, Imperial Manila, and Pa(ng)labas: NCCA Launches New Books ciudad + cine. It also includes the winning pieces/essays of the Honrado Fernandez Architectural

Writing Competition and entries to the Alterchitecture: Speculate, Break Innovate Design Competition.

1. A Directory of Philippine

Museums 2011. This directory is

published through the endeavors

of the NCCA National Committee

on Museums and gathers into

one book the contact details of 3. Batis ng Kasaysayan 2011, The almost 300 museums found all Movement for Independence in over the Philippines. the Philippines (1896-1898):

The Calendar of Documents in

the Archives of the Cuerpo de

Vigilancia de Manila, National

Commission for Culture and

the Arts. This is a research

guide to the manuscript

collection. Originally known as

the Katipunan and Rizal

Documents, the collection

consists of nineteenth century

official Spanish documents, dated

1896-1898, and includes

manuscripts, pinted materials,

transcripts and confidential

written reports by intelligence

agents of the Cuerpo de 2. Archi (types/text) 2011: Vigilancia de Manila, newspaper Architecture in Philippine Life. clippings from Spanish and This is a catalogue of the works

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 79

Philippine dailies, illustrations, and photographs. The information provided in these documents will prove useful in reconstructing the events of this significant period in Philippine history. It is edited with a foreword by Bernardita Reyes Churchill.

by alienation, whether it is between daughter and parents, husband and wife, or mother and children.

4. Bridging Cultures: The Philippine Migrant Women in the Works of Jessica Hagedorn, Fatima Lim-Wilson and Sophia Romero. Hope Sabanpan-Yu examines the works of Philippine-American women writers who have created 6. Filipina Artists in the Diaspora. literature that reflects the need to Edited and with an introductory recontextualize the feminine to essay by Thelma B. Quintana, cope with the cultural this features the personal displacement of living in narratives of seven women artists Diaspora. The binary of (Genera Benson, Imelda Cajole “Philippine” and “American” are Endear, Ofelia Galveston Tequila, deconstructed as these women Lawanda Lim, Athena Santos recast themselves in the Magmas Lopez, Sandra Toreros dislocation of migration. and Neola Queuing Tompkins) on what initially motivated them to emigrate, how they coped with 5. Fractional Lives. Part of the their initial sense of displacement Tuba Book Series of the Davie and how they came to discover Writers Guild, this is a collection their distinct identities as artists of short stories written by living in two worlds, Margarita Marjory since 1995. geographically and culturally The stories presented seem to different from each other. They revolve on relationships marked illustrate their journeys of 80 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

discovery through photographs of 8. Paghigugma-anay: Romansa at their specific works which Pagniniig sa Kasaysayang precisely show how they affirm Pilipino. Edited by Nilo S. their cultural identity through their Ocampo, this is a collection of art. papers presented during the 21st Pambansang Kumperensya sa Kasaysayan at Kalinangan ng Asosasyon ng mga Dalubhasa, May Hilig at Interes sa Kasaysayan (National Conference on History and Culture). Paghigugma-anay is a Visayan word for “lovers”, or “loving” in general, and has been the theme for the said conference, where issues that affect the Philippine society were studied and brought to light.

7. Manila: Selected Papers of the 19th Annual Manila Studies Conference. The papers in this book are taken from the 19th Annual Manila Studies Conference held from August 31 to September 1, 2010, at the College de San Juan de Letran in , Manila. The studies cover diverse topics and present various aspects of Manila’s history and culture.

9. Telon: Mga Piling Dula. Edited by Tim Dacanay and with an introduction by National Artist Bienvenido Lumbera, this contains seven award-winning plays such as Luna Sicat Cleto’s Maternal; Rolando S. Dela Cruz’s Gamu-gamo sa Kanto ng East Avenue; Tim Dacanay’s TeatroPorvenir; Elmar Beltran Ingles’s Serbis; Nicolas B. Pichay’s Koloring Koloraw: Kuwentong Akabaw; Rene O. Villanueva’s Baby B.; and Kaaway sa Sulod, written and collaborated by Villanueva and Dela Cruz. The plays focus on

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 81

social or political issues that D. Tiu, Jhoanna Lynn B. Cruz and confront a third world country Dominique Gerald M. Cimafranca. such as the Philippines, and make readers realize life’s complexities, ironies and issues.

10. The Journal of History, Volume 57, January-December 2011. This issue of the Journal of History contains papers presented during 31st National Conference on Local and and National History of the Philippine National Historical Society (PNHS), hosted by the Mindanao State University in General Santos City, South Cotabato, on October 21 to 23, 2010. The papers included in this issue are based on the conference’s theme, “Towards a National History: Mindanao and Sulu Local History in the Context of National History.”

11. The Best of Dagmay 2007 to 2009. This volume presents the best creative works (fiction, poetry, drama, and creative nonfiction) published in Dagmay, the weekly literary publication of the Davao Writers Guild, selected by Ricardo M. De Ungria, Macario

82 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 5.1 Net Participation Rate in Public Elementary Schools School Years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (In Percent)

Region 2009-2010 2008-2009

Philippines 87.89 85.11 NCR 89.61 93.69 CAR 95.36 81.93 I - Ilocos Region 92.38 82.85 II - Cagayan Valley 91.49 76.23 III - Central Luzon 89.25 90.93 IVA - CALABARZON 86.16 94.10 IVB - MIMAROPA 87.73 85.42 V - Bicol Region 91.64 85.07 VI - Western Visayas 84.42 74.93 VII - Central Visayas 90.26 81.38 VIII - Eastern Visayas 88.61 80.33 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 88.87 79.25 X - Northern Mindanao 89.32 81.23 XI - Davao Region 89.92 78.00 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 84.13 80.12 XIII - Caraga 90.92 76.14 ARMM 74.29 99.85 Source: Department of Education

Table 5.2 Net Participation Rate in Public Secondary Schools School Years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (In Percent)

Region 2009-2010 2008-2009

Philippines 59.49 60.74 NCR 76.56 80.79 CAR 62.96 57.14 I - Ilocos Region 71.11 68.22 II - Cagayan Valley 65.45 58.34 III - Central Luzon 68.08 71.24 IVA - CALABARZON 66.98 74.89 IVB - MIMAROPA 56.49 59.67 V - Bicol Region 55.03 55.24 VI - Western Visayas 55.42 53.98 VII - Central Visayas 56.37 55.49 VIII - Eastern Visayas 52.74 53.28 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 49.24 49.28 X - Northern Mindanao 50.08 50.67 XI - Davao Region 53.35 48.61 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 51.62 51.80 XIII - Caraga 54.58 51.09 ARMM 39.82 37.98

Source: Department of Education EDUCATION AND CULTURE 83

Table 5.3 Cohort Survival Rate in Public and Private Elementary Schools School Years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (In Percent)

Region 2009-2010 2008-2009

Philippines 74.38 75.39 NCR 82.33 87.51 CAR 79.06 77.37 I - Ilocos Region 84.38 86.70 II - Cagayan Valley 79.56 81.58 III - Central Luzon 83.96 83.02 IVA - CALABARZON 86.96 83.77 IVB - MIMAROPA 71.99 73.92 V - Bicol Region 76.62 76.33 VI - Western Visayas 75.33 75.47 VII - Central Visayas 80.53 81.39 VIII - Eastern Visayas 70.74 73.16 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 61.74 61.12 X - Northern Mindanao 66.85 70.80 XI - Davao Region 68.91 64.55 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 64.67 67.84 XIII - Caraga 68.02 73.53 ARMM 38.92 40.75 Source: Department of Education

Table 5.4 Cohort Survival Rate in Public and Private Secondary Schools School Years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (In Percent)

Region 2009-2010 2008-2009

Philippines 78.44 79.73 NCR 81.31 84.76 CAR 78.81 86.17 I - Ilocos Region 84.75 85.05 II - Cagayan Valley 80.91 83.05 III - Central Luzon 80.78 81.24 IVA - CALABARZON 82.10 85.41 IVB - MIMAROPA 76.74 77.55 V - Bicol Region 77.15 76.32 VI - Western Visayas 81.07 80.18 VII - Central Visayas 77.68 77.55 VIII - Eastern Visayas 73.49 73.98 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 73.28 71.73 X - Northern Mindanao 70.32 73.75 XI - Davao Region 72.41 76.94 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 78.47 72.90 XIII - Caraga 73.37 76.06 ARMM 67.98 69.80

Source: Department of Education 84 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 5.5 Enrolment in Public and Private Schools by Level of Education School Years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 (In Percent)

Pre-School Elementary Secondary School Year Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private

2011-2012 2,079,974 1,671,227 408,747 14,377,761 13,228,304 1,149,457 6,973,801 5,575,945 1,397,856

2010-2011 1,587,811 1,217,939 369,872 14,015,598 13,002,994 1,012,604 6,813,651 5,527,399 1,286,252

Source: Department of Education

Table 5.6 Number of Public and Private Schools by Region and by Level of Education School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011

I II III IV-A IV-B V Level Philippines NCR CAR Ilocos Cagayan Central CALABARZON MIMAROPA Bicol of Education Region Valley Visayas Region

SY 2010-2011 Pre-School 30,108 2,008 773 2,425 1,064 3,698 4,004 1,323 2,418 Public 21,862 475 622 2,012 790 2,506 2,034 1,157 2,094 Private 8,246 1,533 151 413 274 1,192 1,970 166 324

Elementary 45,435 1,757 1,635 2,732 2,372 4,061 4,548 1,972 3,384 Public 38,351 512 1,509 2,384 2,181 2,950 2,713 1,818 3,140 Private 7,084 1,245 126 348 191 1,111 1,835 154 244

Secondary 10,426 982 317 698 441 1,077 1,595 388 726 Public 5,719 213 198 447 315 455 538 286 544 Private 4,707 769 119 251 126 622 1,057 102 182

SY 2009-2010 Pre-School 29,040 1,996 656 2,318 874 3,516 3,734 1,100 2,304 Public 20,794 463 505 1,905 600 2,324 1,764 934 1,980 Private 8,246 1,533 151 413 274 1,192 1,970 166 324

Elementary 44,846 1,726 1,537 2,719 2,320 4,005 4,488 1,912 3,365 Public 37,762 481 1,411 2,371 2,129 2,894 2,653 1,758 3,121 Private 7,084 1,245 126 348 191 1,111 1,835 154 244

Secondary 10,384 973 284 689 428 1,059 1,584 384 737 Public 5,677 204 165 438 302 437 527 282 555 Private 4,707 769 119 251 126 622 1,057 102 182

Continued EDUCATION AND CULTURE 85

Table 5.6--Concluded

VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Level Western Central Eastern Zamboanga Northern Davao SOCCSKSARGEN Caraga ARMM of Education Visayas Visayas Visayas Peninsula Mindanao Region

SY 2010-2011 Pre-School 1,656 2,364 1,040 1,465 1,310 1,129 1,405 1,206 820 Public 1,181 1,929 873 1,357 1,020 800 1,163 1,080 769 Private 475 435 167 108 290 329 242 126 51

Elementary 3,744 3,309 3,747 2,155 2,350 1,915 1,874 1,704 2,176 Public 3,393 2,927 3,627 2,076 2,075 1,636 1,673 1,615 2,122 Private 351 382 120 79 275 279 201 89 54

Secondary 781 710 543 365 236 453 423 381 310 Public 543 387 427 283 278 262 291 252 Private 238 323 116 82 236 175 161 90 58

SY 2009-2010 Pre-School 2,361 2,477 1,532 1,098 816 949 1,259 1,022 1,028 Public 1,886 2,042 1,365 990 526 620 1,017 896 977 Private 475 435 167 108 290 329 242 126 51

Elementary 3,730 3,284 3,739 2,135 2,338 1,901 1,821 1,700 2,126 Public 3,379 2,902 3,619 2,056 2,063 1,622 1,620 1,611 2,072 Private 351 382 120 79 275 279 201 89 54

Secondary 762 642 531 341 468 427 424 350 301 Public 524 319 415 259 232 252 263 260 243 Private 238 323 116 82 236 175 161 90 58

Source : Department of Education Section VI – HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS

Health and Vital Indicators hard-to-reach and economically underdeveloped areas. 2011 On the other hand, the production of vital statistics comprises a system of operations in which the registration of vital events is an important component. The system begins with the registration followed by the processing and controlling of vital records and ends with the compilation and analysis of vital statistics.

Under Commonwealth Act (CA) 591, the Bureau of Census, now the National Statistics Office (NSO) is mandated to generate general purpose statistics and to carry out and administer the Civil Registration Act.

Health may refer to the soundness and general well-being of body and mind. Introduction Securing good health for people is one way of ensuring welfare and development The Department of Health (DOH) is for the country as a whole. It is, therefore, the principal health agency in the imperative upon the government to make Philippines. It is responsible for ensuring provisions and invest in health welfare access to basic public health services to activities. all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of providers of Vital statistics, on the other hand, health goods and services. are derived from information obtained at the time when the occurrences of vital Given the mandate, DOH is both a events and their characteristics are stakeholder in the health sector and a inscribed in a civil register. policy and regulatory body for health. As a major player, DOH is a technical resource, Vital acts and events are the a catalyst for health policy and a political births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, sponsor and advocate for health issues. and all such events that have something Furthermore, the DOH has an on-going to do with an individual's entrance and program that recruits physicians and departure from life together with the other health practitioners to join changes in civil status that may occur to government service and be fielded in rural,

86 HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 87

a person during his lifetime. Recording Office showed the coverage by any type of these events in the civil register is of health insurance in 2011. known as vital or civil registration and the resulting documents are called vital records.

Health Insurance Coverage: 2011

Introduction SSS Any Insurance The National Health Insurance Program was established to provide health insurance coverage and ensure affordable, acceptable, available and No Insurance accessible health care services for all citizens of the Philippines. It shall serve as the means for the healthy to help pay for the care of the sick and for those who can afford medical care to subsidize those who cannot. It shall initially consist of Programs I and II or Medicare and be expanded progressively to constitute one universal health insurance program for Some 52.0 percent of the the entire population. The program shall Philippine population is estimated to have include a sustainable system of funds some form of health insurance coverage. constitution, collection, management and This estimate is 10 percentage points disbursement for financing the ailment of higher compared to the 4.0 percent a basic minimum package and other health insurance coverage reported in supplementary packages of health the 2008 National Demographic and insurance benefits by a progressively Health Survey (NDHS). expanding proportion of the population. The program shall be limited to paying for Health insurance coverage highest the utilization of health services by in Northern Mindanao covered beneficiaries. It shall be prohibited from providing health care Health insurance coverage is directly, from buying and dispensing highest in Northern Mindanao (69.0 %) drugs and pharmaceuticals, from and lowest in the Autonomous Region in employing physicians and other Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) (22.0 %). professionals for the purpose of directly Health insurance coverage is also higher rendering care, and from owning or in urban areas (57.0 %) relative rural investing in health care facilities. (Article areas (48.0 %). Moreover, coverage by III, Section 5 of RA 7875 as amended) any type of health insurance increases with economic status, with estimates More than half of Filipinos have some ranging from 38.0 percent for the poorest form of health insurance (lowest) economic group up to 71.0 percent for the richest (highest) economic The 2011 Family Health Survey group (Table 6.1). conducted by the National Statistics 88 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

PhilHealth national coverage almost Just like health insurance coverage, halfway reported SSS coverage increases with economic status, ranging from 2.0 A national level PhilHealth percent for the poorest economic group coverage is estimated at 48.0 percent for up to 24.0 percent for the richest 2011. This is higher than the 38.0 economic group. percent Phil Health coverage estimate reported by the 2008 NDHS. Among the HMO/Private health insurance geographical regions, PhilHealth coverage at the national level in 2011 is coverage is highest in Northern to be less than 1.0 percent. This is lower Mindanao (68.0%) and lowest in ARMM than the 2.0 percent estimated in the (21.0%). Furthermore, PhilHealth 2008 NDHS. The reduction in coverage is higher in urban areas HMO/Private insurance coverage in 2011 (51.0%) compared to rural areas relative to 2008 is highlighted by the (46.0%). Just like coverage by any type lower HMO/Private health insurance of health insurance, PhilHealth coverage (2.%) in 2011 compared to the coverage increases with economic 2008 NDHS estimate (5 0%). status. The poorest economic group has PhilHealth coverage of 36.0 percent Bicol Region is highest in regional while richest economic group has health coverage among health coverage of 66.0 percent. facilities

SSS and GSIS health coverage still Across regions, the utilization low rate of health facilities/providers services is highest in the Bicol region (9.4%) and Compared to the 2008 NDHS lowest in ARMM (4.3%). This behavior, estimates, Social Security System (SSS) however, is not manifested in the case of coverage and Government Service public hospital use where the utilization Insurance System (GSIS) at the national rate is highest in the Cordillera level remains unchanged at 11.0 percent Autonomous Region (CAR) (1.8%). and 2.0 percent, respectively, in 2011.

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 89

Neither is this behavior evident in the use proportion of those who reported visiting of public clinic services where the highest a public facility is higher than the utilization rate in the Eastern Visayas proportion who visited public facilities region at 5.2 percent nor in the cases of reported by the 2008 NDHS (50.2%). The private hospital and private clinic service utilization of private facilities/providers in utilizations where the highest utilization 2011, on the other hand, is slightly lower rates are in CALABARZON (1.8%) and than the reported utilization in 2008 (41.9 Western Visayas (2.2%), respectively. percent). The proportion of health facility/provider users who reported Surprisingly, the utilization rate of visiting other providers (alternative alternative medicine providers is highest medical and non-medical) is estimated at in the Northern Mindanao Region (2.1%) 3.4 percent in 2011. This estimate is where PhilHealth benefit coverage is lower compared to the estimated 6.6 supposedly extensive (Table 6.2) percent in reported by the 2008 NDHS. Among users of public health Utilization of clinic services inversely facility/provider services, the use of proportional with economic status RHUs or barangay health center services is highest (39.9%). Among users of Although the utilization of all types private facility/provider services, the large of health facilities/providers services majority visited either private clinics does not appear to vary across economic (20.5%) or private hospitals (17.0%) groups, specific utilization patterns (Table 6.4). across economic groups can be observed among specific health More women than men visit health facility/provider services. centers

The utilization rate of public clinic Women are more likely to go to services decreases with economic status, RHUs or barangay health centers from 4.7 percent for the poorest compared to men, 41.9 percent for economic group down to 0.9 percent for women versus 37.4 percent for men. the richest economic group. The opposite Men, however are: more likely to go to behavior can be observed in the use of regional hospitals, 4.2 percent for men private hospital and private clinic compared to 3.3 percent for women; services. The utilization rate of private more likely to go to provincial hospitals, hospital services increases from 0.3 6.6 percent for men compared to 5.7 percent for the poorest economic group percent for women; more likely to go to up to 3.1 percent for the richest economic municipal hospitals, 3.2 percent for men group (Table 6.3). compared to 2.8 percent for women; and are more likely to go to private hospitals, Utilization of private 17.7 percent for men compared to 16.4 facilities/providers dents, higher in percent for women. On the aggregate, public health facilities women are more likely to go to public facilities/providers (59.3 percent) relative At the national level, more than to men (57.2 percent) (Table 6.4) half of those who used health facilities/providers services reported Use of public health visiting a public facility (58.4 percent) facilities/providers decreases with age compared to the 38.3 percent who reported visiting a private facility. The The use of public health facilities/providers decreases with age, 90 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

from 65.5 percent for the 20 years and SOCCSKSARGEN (0.9%) while below age group down to 43.0 percent utilization of provincial hospitals is for the 60 years old and above age highest in ARMM (13.4%) and lowest in group. This pattern is more or less driven NCR (2.2%). The use of RHUs is highest by the utilization of RHU/barangay health in Caraga (59.6%) and lowest in Davao centers which accounts for the greater Region (28.6%). On the other hand, the portion of public health facilities/providers utilization of private hospitals is highest in services. Interestingly, the utilization of Davao (23.8%) (Table 6.4) regional and provincial hospitals shows a slightly different pattern. For example, the utilization of regional hospitals increases Health Care Treatment from the 2.4 percent for the 20 years old and below age group to 5.4 percent for 2011 the 21 to 59 years old age group but then decreases to 4.4 percent for the 60 years Rate of use for all types of health old and above age group. facilities down

Use of private health facilities Table 6.3 shows that the increases with age utilization rate of all types of health facilities/providers at the national level in The opposite utilization pattern 2011 is slightly lower at 7.4 percent can be observed for private health compared to the 7.9 percent estimated in facilities/providers where utilization rates the 2008 NDHS. increase with age. For example, the utilization of private hospitals increases Bulk of utilization goes to public from 11 percent for the 20 years old and health facilities below age group to 21.2 percent for the 21 – 59 years old age group then goes More than half of the 7.4 percent up again to 29.6 percent for the 60 years utilization rate in 2011 is accounted for by old and above age group. the utilization rate of public health facilities/ providers services (4.3%). RHUs in rural areas (6.3 percent, Comparatively, the utilization rate of 6 percent and 48 percent, respectively) private health facilities/provider services compared to urban areas (5.8 percent, is noticeably lower at 2.8 percent. It can 4.2 percent and 31.6 percent be seen in Figure 7.1 that the proportion respectively). Individuals living in urban of the population who visited any type of areas however are more likely to go to health facility/provider service (also private health facilities/providers. For referred to as utilization rate) in 2011 is example, the utilization of private estimated to be around 7.0 percent. hospitals in urban areas is higher at 22.3 percent compared to 11.9 percent in rural Women seeking treatment are greater areas. than men

Davao reports highest rate of use Table 7.3 shows that women are of regional hospitals more likely to use health facilities/providers (8.4%) relative to men Among the regions, utilization of (6.3%). This difference is observable in regional hospitals is highest in Davao the utilization rate of public clinic (8.4%) and NCR (8.3%, and lowest in services, 3.6 percent for women versus MIMAROPA (0.6%) and 2.4 percent for men, and in the utilization

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 91

rate of private clinic services, 1.8 percent highest in the Bicol region (9.4%) and for women versus 1.4 percent for men. lowest in ARMM (4.3%).

More young people and the elderly Cordilleras post highest in public utilize health facilities hospital utilization

The utilization rate of health This behavior, however, is not facilities/providers services is higher manifested in the case of public hospital among the 20 years old and below use where the utilization rate is highest in (8.4%) and the 60 years old and above CAR (1.8 %). Neither is this behavior (13.2%) age groups compared to the 21– evident in the use of public clinic services 59 years old age group (5.4%). where the highest utilization rate in the Eastern Visayas region at 5.2 percent nor Among those who utilize private in the cases of private hospital and health facilities, rate is highest private clinic service utilizations where among the elderly the highest utilization rates are in CALABARZON (1.8 percent) and The utilization rates of public Western Visayas (2.2 percent), hospital, private hospital and private respectively. clinic services are at the highest among the 60 years old and above age group at Northern Mindanao highest 2.7 percent, 3.9 percent and 3.3 percent, in alternative medicine use respectively. A different health facility/provider utilization behavior can Surprisingly, the utilization rate of be observed in the utilization rate of alternative medicine providers is highest public clinic services where the 20 years in the Northern Mindanao region (2.1 old and below age group report the percent) where PhilHealth benefit highest utilization rate (4.2 percent). coverage is supposedly extensive.

Utilization rate is roughly the same Utilization rate of public clinic in urban and rural areas services decreases with economic status Table 6.3 shows that the utilization rate of health Although the utilization of all types facilities/providers services is roughly the of health facilities/providers services same at 7.0 percent for those living in does not appear to vary across economic urban and rural areas. The utilization rate groups, specific utilization patterns of public clinic services however is higher across economic groups can be in rural areas (3.5%) compared to urban observed among specific health areas (2.4%) while the utilization rate of facility/provider services. Table 7.3 private hospital services is higher in shows that the utilization rate of public urban areas (1.7%) compared to rural clinic services decreases with economic areas (0.9%). status, from 4.7 percent for the poorest economic group down to 0.9 percent for Bicol region highest in health the richest economic group. utilization The utilization rate of private hospital Across regions, the utilization rate services increases among the richer of health facilities/providers services is economic group

92 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

The opposite behavior can be Men, however, are: more likely to go to observed in the use of private hospital regional hospitals, 4.2 percent for men and private clinic services. The utilization compared to 3.3 percent for women; rate of private hospital services increases more likely to go to provincial hospitals, from 0.3 percent for the poorest 6.6 percent for men compared to 5.7 economic group up to 3.1 percent for the percent for women; more likely to go to richest economic group. The utilization municipal hospitals, 3.2 percent for men rate of private clinic services increases compared to 2.8 percent for women; and from 0.6 percent among the poorest are more likely to go to private hospitals, economic group up to 2.7 percent among 17.7 percent for men compared to 16.4 the richest economic group. percent for women. On the aggregate, women are more likely to go to public Proportion of those who visited health facilities/providers (59.3 %) relative to facility increase men (57.2%) (Table 6.4).

At the national level, more than Elder people tend to utilize less public half of those who used health health facilities facilities/providers services reported visiting a public facility (58.4%) compared The use of public health to the 38.3 percent who reported visiting facilities/providers decreases with age, a private facility. In 2011 the proportion of from 65.5 percent for the 20 years and those who reported visiting a public below age group down to 43.0 percent facility is higher than the proportion who for the 60 years old and above age visited public facilities reported by the group. This pattern is more or less driven 2008 NDHS (50.2%). The utilization of by the utilization of RHU/barangay health private facilities/providers in 2011, on the centers which accounts for the greater other hand, is slightly lower than the portion of public health facilities/providers reported utilization in 2008 (41.9%). The services. proportion of health facility/provider users who reported visiting other providers Interestingly, the utilization of (alternative medical and non-medical) is regional and provincial hospitals shows a estimated at 3.4 percent in 2011. This slightly different pattern. For example, the estimate is observably lower compared to utilization of regional hospitals increases the estimated 6.6 percent reported in the from the 2.4 percent for the 20 years old 2008 NDHS. Among users of public and below age group to 5.4 percent for health facility/provider services, the use the 21 to 59 years old age group but then of RHUs or barangay health center decreases to 4.4 percent for the 60 years services is highest (39.9%). Among users old and above age group. The opposite of private facility/provider services, the utilization pattern can be observed for large majority visited either private clinics private health facilities/providers where (20.5%) or private hospitals (17.0%) utilization rates increase with age. For (Table 6.4). example, the utilization of private hospitals increases from 11 percent for Women more likely to go to barangay the 20 years old and below age group to health centers 21.2 percent for the 21–59 years old age group then goes up again to 29.6 percent Women are more likely to go to for the 60 years old and above age RHUs or barangay health centers group. compared to men, 41.9 percent for women versus 37.4 percent for men.

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 93

There is greater use of provincial or treatment in the 30 days preceding the hospitals, district hospitals, and RHUs in survey gave illness or injury as the rural areas (6.3%, 6.0% and 48.0%, reason for visiting a health respectively) compared to urban areas facility/provider while around a third gave (5.8%, 4.3% and 31.6% respectively). medical check-up as the reason (Table Individuals living in urban areas, 5.5 and Figure 6.2). however, are more likely to go to private health facilities/providers. For example, the utilization of private hospitals in urban areas is higher at 22.3 percent compared Hospital Care: 2011 to 11.9 percent in rural areas (Table 7.4). On the average it takes 37.3 minutes Davao Region reports high utilization to travel to a health facility of regional hospitals Data on travel time going to the Table 6.4 shows that among the health facility show average travel time to regions, utilization of regional hospitals is a health facility/provider in 2011 is 37.3 highest in Davao (8.4%) and NCR (8.3%) minutes. This is slightly lower than the and lowest in MIMAROPA (0.6%) and 38.7 minutes reported in the 2008 NDHS. SOCCSKSARGEN (0.9%) while utilization of provincial hospitals is As age increases, travel time to health highest in ARMM (13.4%) and lowest in facility also increases NCR (2.2%). The use of RHUs is highest in Caraga (59.6%) and lowest in Davao Average travel time to a health Region (28.6%). On the other hand, the facility/provider appears to increase with utilization of private hospitals is highest in age, perhaps reflecting the type of health Davao (23.8%). facility/provider utilized. Average travel time increases from 30.2 minutes for the The use of RHUs decreases with 20 years old and below age group to 44 economic status. So, from 65.4 percent minutes for the 21–59 years old age for the poorest economic group, the use group then increases further to 48.2 of RHUs decreases to 11.1 percent minutes for the 60 years old and above among the richest economic group. On age group. the other hand, the utilization of private hospital and private clinic services Travel time in rural areas higher increases with economic status. The utilization of private clinic services The average travel time to a increases from 7.3 percent for the health facility/provider is higher in rural poorest economic group to 18.7 percent areas (42.9 minutes) compared to urban for the middle economic group then up areas (at 31.6 minutes). Again, as again to 34.4 percent for the richest expected, average travel time to a health economic group. facility/provider is longest in ARMM (73 minutes) and shortest in NCR (27 Illness or injury main reason for minutes). visiting a health facility

More than half of those who visited a health facility or sought advice

94 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

FIGURE 3 Average Travel Time to Health Facility Visited: 2011

80.0 73.4 70.0 61.1 61.9 60.0 45.9 48.3 50.0 42.3 39.6 37.0 36.6 39.0 33.9 40.0 33.6 31.8 31.4 32.4 31.8 26.8 30.0

20.0 percent) (In Number 10.0

0.0 I II V X III VI IX XI XII VII VIII IVA IVB CAR NCR ARMM Caraga Region

Majority tends to go to provincial hospitals Although a different pattern can be observed with respect to confinement The utilization of inpatient care at in regional hospitals where the use of in- the national level in 2011 was 0.73 patient care increases with age, 7.8 percent. Moreover, the utilization of in- percent for the 20 years and below age patient care is divided equally between group, 9.4 percent for the 21–59 years public health facilities (50.2%) and old age group, and 10.0 percent for the private health facilities (49.8%). Among 60 years old and above age group. those who sought publicly provided in- patient care, the majority went to Patients in rural areas tend to go to provincial hospitals (21.7%) and district public health facilities hospitals (13.4%). Users of in-patient care in rural Women tend to go to public health areas tend to favor public health facilities facilities (56.5%) although in-patients are less likely to use of regional hospitals in rural Women are a bit more likely to go areas (7.2%) compared to urban areas to public health facilities for in-patient (10.7%). The proportion of in-patient care care (51.3%) compared to men (48.7%). users who favor public health facilities is Men, however, are more likely to be highest in CARAGA region at 69.2 confined in private hospitals (46.1%) percent and lowest in SOCCSKSARGEN compared to women (41.7%). at 30.8 percent. Users of public in-patient Confinement in public health facilities care are most likely to be confined in tends to decrease with age, 54.2 percent regional hospitals in Zamboanga for the 20 years and below age group, Peninsula and NCR (19.9%) and least 49.7 percent for the 21–59 years old age likely in MIMAROPA (0%). group, and 43.4 percent for the 60 years old and above age group. On the other hand, users of public in-patient care are most likely to be Confinement in regional hospitals confined in provincial hospitals in ARMM increases with age (40.9%) and least likely in NCR (7.7%). It

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 95

is quite possible though that these utilization rates are influenced by the availability of regional and provincial hospital facilities in these areas.

Use of in-patient care increases with economic status

The use of in-patient care increases with economic status, ranging from 0.5 percent among the poorest economic group up to 0.9 percent for the richest economic group. The proportion of in-patients using public health facilities, however, decreases with income. This proportion decreases from 73.2 percent for the poorest economic group down to 21.9 percent for the richest economic group. This pattern is evident in the use of provincial, district and municipal hospitals. The use of regional hospitals for in-patient care does not show a linear pattern as the proportion of in-patients using regional hospitals initially increases from 7.7 percent for the poorest economic group to 13.2 percent for the second poorest economic group then decreases to 5.7 percent for the richest economic group. The use of in-patient care appears to be positively correlated with health insurance coverage.

Confinement rates are lower for the uninsured (0.54 percent) compared to those insured by PhilHealth (0.92 percent) and HMO/private health insurance (1.95%). Uninsured in-patients are also more likely to use public health facilities (65.9%) compared to in-patients insured by PhilHealth (45.4%) and private health insurance (11.1%).

Nearly two-thirds of in-patients gave illness or injury as the reason for confinement. This is followed by medical check-up (15.0%) and child birth (9.0). Around one-third of in-patients reported a length of stay equal or greater than 5 days while more than two-thirds reported paying at least PhP3,000 (Table 7.7). 96 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.1 Health Insurance Coverage

Percentage of de jure household population with specific health insurance coverage according to background characteristics: 2011

Private Don't Background Characteristics No Any Phil- Insurance/ Know/ Insurance Insurance Health GSIS SSS HMO, etc Other Missing Number

Sex Male 48.0 51.8 47.8 1.3 13.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 115,276 Female 47.4 52.4 49.1 1.8 9.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 111,116

Age 0-20 50.7 49.1 48.3 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.2 104,159 21-59 45.1 54.6 48.7 2.7 21.4 1.3 0.7 0.2 105,099 60+ 45.5 54.3 47.1 3.6 14.0 1.3 0.9 0.3 17,137

Residence Urban 43.1 56.6 51.3 2.0 17.8 1.2 0.6 0.3 115,696 Rural 52.1 47.7 45.7 1.1 5.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 110,699

Region NCR 41.5 58.2 48.6 1.5 27.9 1.5 0.5 0.3 41,370 CAR 45.6 53.7 50.9 2.1 7.3 0.4 0.2 0.6 8,136 I - Ilocos Region 44.6 55.3 51.6 2.0 9.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 10,293 II - Cagayan Valley 47.8 52.2 50.6 1.9 4.2 0.7 0.4 * 9,098 III - Central Luzon 45.6 54.3 51.0 1.2 11.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 16,136 IVA - CALABARZON 46. 3 53. 5 50. 1 131.3 14. 4 101.0 040.4 020.2 19, 680 IVB - MIMAROPA 46.2 53.7 48.8 1.7 5.9 0.3 3.8 0.1 8,588 V - Bicol Region 47.9 51.7 47.6 2.0 7.4 0.7 1.2 0.4 11,202 VI - Western Visayas 41.1 58.7 54.7 1.8 10.1 1.2 0.3 0.2 12,933 VII - Central Visayas 53.9 45.9 43.6 1.7 11.0 1.1 0.4 0.2 12,669 VIII - Eastern Visayas 55.1 44.8 42.8 1.7 4.2 0.3 1.3 0.1 9,665 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 60.8 39.0 36.5 1.7 4.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 10,156 X - Northern Mindanao 30.5 69.4 68.4 2.3 6.4 0.5 0.2 0.1 10,740 XI - Davao Region 48.8 50.9 48.4 1.4 12.0 0.8 0.2 0.4 11,762 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 48.3 51.4 50.5 1.0 6.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 11,038 XIII - Caraga 46.8 53.0 51.4 1.7 6.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 9,573 ARMM 77.9 21.6 21.4 0.7 0.5 * * 0.4 13,356

Socio-Economic Status Lowest 62.4 37.5 36.5 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 46,104 Second 56.9 42.9 40.0 0.3 6.3 0.2 0.6 0.2 44,672 Middle 49.7 50.1 46.3 0.8 9.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 42,743 Fourth 41.8 58.0 53.1 1.8 15.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 44,420 Highest 28.4 71.2 65.7 4.7 23.5 2.5 0.8 0.4 48,456

Total 47.7 52.1 48.4 1.5 11.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 226,395

Note : Numbers may not sum to the total for "any insurance" because individuals may be covered by more than one type of insurance. An asterisk indicates that the figure is based on fewer than 25 underweighted cases and has been suppressed.

GSIS = Government Service Insurance System SSS = Social Security System

Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS 97

TABLE 6.2 Philhealth Insurance Coverage

For all persons covered by Philhealth Insurance, percentage who are paying for coverage and the percentage who are indigent, by membership category (member or dependent), according to background characteristics: 2011

Paying Indigent Background Characteristics Total Member Dependent Total Member Dependent Number

Sex Male 67.0 30.7 36.2 33.0 12.2 20.8 55,174 Female 68.4 21.2 47.2 31.6 5.2 26.4 54,404

Age 0-20 62.5 1.2 61.3 37.5 0.3 37.3 50,013 21-59 72.3 49.5 22.9 27.7 15.9 11.8 51,551 60+ 71.2 32.8 38.4 28.8 16.2 12.6 8,014

Residence Urban 84.6 35.1 49.5 15.4 4.6 10.8 60,117 Rural 49.7 16.4 33.3 50.3 13.1 37.2 49,461

Region NCR 95.8 43.5 52.3 4.2 1.7 2.5 21,065 CAR 65.2 23.8 41.4 34.8 8.8 26.0 4,125 I - Ilocos Region 56.7 19.5 37.2 43.3 12.0 31.3 5,346 II - Cagayan Valley 56.7 19.7 37.0 43.3 12.1 31.2 4,593 III - Central Luzon 78.4 29.3 49.2 21.6 6.6 15.0 8,336 IVA - CALABARZON 86.0 32.9 53.1 14.0 3.9 10.1 9,841 IVB - MIMAROPA 43.6 14.3 29.3 56.4 13.4 43.0 4,185 V - Bicol Region 40.5 14.2 26.3 59.5 14.4 45.1 5,292 VI - Western Visayas 52.7 20.5 32.2 47.3 13.3 34.3 6,951 VII - Central Visayas 71.6 28.6 43.0 28.4 7.2 21.3 5,555 VIII - Eastern Visayas 42.4 15.2 27.1 57.6 14.9 42.7 4,126 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 65.5 19.8 45.8 34.5 9.6 24.8 3,755 X - Northern Mindanao 36.1 14.7 21.4 63.9 18.0 45.9 7,395 XI - Davao Region 85.6 31.5 54.1 14.4 4.7 9.7 5,673 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 70.3 23.7 46.7 29.7 7.9 21.8 5,698 XIII - Caraga 48.4 17.8 30.6 51.6 13.1 38.5 4,898 ARMM 42.4 11.0 31.5 57.6 12.8 44.8 2,744

Socio-Economic Status Lowest 24.0 6.2 17.9 76.0 18.0 58.0 16,631 Second 46.2 15.6 30.7 53.8 14.5 39.2 17,694 Middle 64.2 22.0 42.2 35.8 9.9 26.0 19,669 Fourth 81.4 30.6 50.8 18.6 5.9 12.7 23,743 Highest 95.6 42.0 53.6 4.4 1.8 2.6 31,841

Total 67.7 26.0 41.7 32.3 8.7 23.6 109,578

Source: National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey 98 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.3 Treatment-seeking Behavior

Percentage of de jure household population that visited a health facility or sought advice or treatment in the 30 days preceding the survey, by type of facility/provider visited and background characteristics: 2011

Non- All Medical/ Background Characteristics Facilities/ Public Public Private PrivateAlternative Self- Providers Hospital Clinic Hospital Hospital Medicine Medicate Number

Sex Male 6.3 1.2 2.4 1.1 1.4 0.2 * 115,276 Female 8.4 1.4 3.6 1.4 1.8 0.3 * 111,116

Age 0-20 8.4 4.3 4.2 0.9 1.6 0.3 * 104,159 21-59 5.4 1.1 1.8 1.1 1.2 0.2 * 105,099 60+ 13.2 2.7 3.0 3.9 3.3 0.3 * 17,137 Residence Urban 7.4 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.8 0.2 * 115,696 Rural 7.3 1.3 3.5 0.9 1.6 0.3 * 110,699 Region NCR 7.1 1.3 2.3 1.7 1.8 * * 41,370 CAR 7.0 1.8 2.4 1.2 1.6 * - 8,136 I - Ilocos Region 7.0 1.6 2.7 1.1 1.5 * - 10,293 II - Cagayan Valley 7.0 1.6 2.5 1.0 1.8 0.1 - 9,098 III - Central Luzon 6.7 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.0 0.1 * 16,136 IVA - CALABARZON 8.0 1.6 2.6 1.8 1.8 0.2 - 19,680 IVB - MIMAROPA 7.0 1.4 3.4 0.8 1.4 0.1 - 8,588 V - Bicol Region 9.4 1.4 5.2 0.9 1.4 0.5 * 11,202 VI - Western Visayas 7.8 1.3 3.1 0.9 2.2 0.2 - 12,933 VII - Central Visayas 7.4 1.0 3.5 1.2 1.5 0.1 * 12,669 VIII - EEasternastern Vi Visasayas as 990.0 112.2 552.2 009.9 113.3 004.4 - 9, 665 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 6.1 1.1 3.2 1.1 0.6 0.2 - 10,156 X - Northern Mindanao 9.2 1.3 3.2 1.5 1.1 2.1 * 10,740 XI - Davao Region 6.6 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.7 0.1 - 11,762 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 7.2 0.8 3.9 1.2 1.1 0.3 * 11,038 XIII - Caraga 7.2 1.0 4.3 1.0 0.8 0.1 - 9,573 ARMM 4.3 1.0 2.0 0.5 0.7 0.1 - 13,356 Socio-Economic Status Lowest 7.1 1.1 4.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 - 46,104 Second 7.6 1.6 4.0 0.6 1.1 0.3 - 44,672 Middle 7.3 1.5 3.2 0.9 1.4 0.2 * 42,743 Fourth 7.2 1.4 2.2 1.4 2.0 0.1 - 44,420 Highest 7.7 0.9 0.9 3.1 2.7 0.1 * 48,456 Total 7.4 1.3 3.0 1.3 1.6 0.2 * 226,395

Notes : If the respondent visited more than one facility/provider only the first one is included in the tabulation. An asterisk indicates that the figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. Dash donates zero count. Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS 99

TABLE 6.4 Use of Specific Types of Health Facilities

Among persons who visited a health facility or sought advice or treatment in the 30 days preceding the survey, percentage who visited specific types of public and private facilities/providers, by background characteristics: 2011

Public Regional RHU/ Background Characteristics Hospital/ Barangay Medical Provincial District Municipal Health Other Center Hospital Hospital Hospital Center Public

Sex Male 4.2 6.5 5.2 3.3 37.4 0.6 Female 3.3 5.7 5.0 2.8 41.9 0.6

Age 0-20 2.4 5.3 4.9 2.8 49.6 0.6 21-59 5.4 7.3 5.1 3.1 32.1 0.6 60+ 4.4 6.0 6.1 3.7 22.3 0.5

Residence Urban 5.4 5.8 4.2 3.0 31.6 0.6 Rural 2.0 6.3 6.0 3.0 48.0 0.5

Region NCR 8.3 2.2 4.8 3.3 31.6 1.2 CAR 4.0 12.5 6.2 2.5 33.7 0.2 I - Ilocos Region 3.6 7.2 7.9 4.6 38.8 0.1 II - Cagayan Valley 4.6 6.4 9.0 3.2 35.3 0.7 III - Central Luzon 1.6 8.4 7.5 2.5 29.2 0.3 IVA - CALABARZON 4.8 7.0 3.8 4.2 31.9 0.7 IVB - MIMAROPA 0.6 11.0 4.2 3.9 48.2 0.3 V - Bicol Region 2.7 3.4 5.7 3.2 54.9 0.6 VI - Western Visayas 0.9 6.3 6.8 2.7 39.2 1.2 VII - Central Visayas 1.0 4.0 6.6 1.9 47.2 - VIII - Eastern Visayas 1.8 5.7 3.6 2.1 57.1 1.3 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 5.6 7.5 1.5 3.1 51.6 - X - Northern Mindanao 2.6 7.6 1.3 3.0 34.1 0.5 XI - Davao Region 8.4 5.2 5.2 2.4 28.6 0.1 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 0.9 3.9 3.3 2.3 53.8 0.2 XIII - Caraga 1.2 5.7 5.1 1.8 59.6 0.1 ARMM 5.7 13.4 3.1 1.8 44.7 0.6

Socio-Economic Status Lowest 1.7 5.5 5.6 3.4 65.4 0.5 Second 4.0 7.4 6.2 3.8 52.1 0.9 Middle 5.1 7.1 5.9 3.2 43.4 0.6 Fourth 4.6 6.7 5.3 3.1 30.2 0.5 Highest 3.1 3.8 2.9 1.6 11.1 0.4

Total 3.7 6.1 5.1 3.0 39.9 0.6

continued 100 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.4 -- Concluded

Private Private

Background Characteristics Private Private Other Alternative Non- Hospital Clinic Private Medical Medical Number

Sex Male 17.7 20.8 0.6 3.3 0.5 7,208 Female 16.4 20.2 1.0 2.6 0.5 9,233

Age 0-20 11.0 18.9 0.6 3.4 0.5 8,602 21-59 21.2 21.5 0.9 2.6 0.4 5,619 60+ 29.6 23.9 1.4 1.6 0.6 2,223

Residence Urban 22.3 23.9 0.9 1.8 0.5 8,542 Rural 11.9 17.1 0.7 4.0 0.5 7,902

Region NCR 23.1 23.8 1.2 0.1 0.4 2,901 CAR 17.4 21.3 1.6 - 0.7 594 I - Ilocos Region 16.0 21.1 0.2 0.5 - 723 II - Cagayan Valley 14.7 24.6 0.7 0.8 0.2 633 III - Central Luzon 19.0 30.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 1,068 IVA - CALABARZON 22.2 21.1 1.8 1.9 0.6 1,565 IVB - MIMAROPA 10.8 18.3 1.6 1.1 - 614 V - Bicol Region 9.4 13.7 0.7 5.5 0.3 1,051 VI - Western Visayas 11.8 27.6 0.8 1.5 1.2 1,015 VII - Central Visayas 16.3 20.4 0.5 1.6 0.4 918 VIII - Eastern Visayas 9.8 14.0 0.5 3.7 0.2 868 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 18.0 9.4 - 2.9 0.4 626 X - Northern Mindanao 16.1 11.3 0.7 22.7 0.1 993 XI - Davao Region 23.8 24.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 786 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 16.0 15.1 0.6 3.0 0.9 826 XIII - Caraga 13.4 11.3 0.2 0.4 1.0 679 ARMM 11.1 16.4 - 3.2 - 584

Socio-Economic Status Lowest 4.1 7.3 0.8 5.3 0.4 3,224 Second 7.5 13.3 0.9 3.4 0.6 3,337 Middle 11.7 18.7 0.9 2.8 0.6 3,060 Fourth 19.5 27.5 0.8 1.7 0.2 3,173 Highest 40.2 34.3 0.7 1.4 0.5 3,650

Total 17.0 20.5 0.8 2.9 0.5 16,444

Notes : If the respondent visited more than one facility/provider only the first one is included in the tabulation. An asterisk indicates that the figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. Dash donates zero count. Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS 101

TABLE 6.5 Reason for Seeking Health Care

Percent distribution of persons who visited a health facility or sought advice or treatment in the 30 days preceding the survey, by reason for seeking health care: 2011

Reason Percent

III, Injured 57.6 Dental, medical requirement 4.3 Gave birth 1.3 Medical/executive check-up 34.3 Immunization, vaccination 2.6 Missing -

Total 100 Number 16,444

Notes : If the respondent made two or more visits, only the reason for the first visit is included in the tabulation. Dash donates zero count.

Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey 102 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.6 Average Travel Time to Health Facility Visited

Among persons who visited a health facility or sought advice or treatment in the 30 days preceding the survey the average travel time (in minutes) to the facility/provider visited, by background characteristics: 2011

Average Travel Time Background Characteristics to Health Facility/ Provider (In Minutes) Number

Sex Male 38.9 7,208 Female 36.0 9,233

Age 0-20 30.2 8,602 21-59 44.0 5,619 60+ 48.2 2,223

Residence Urban 31.6 8,542 Rural 42.9 7,902

Region NCR 26.8 2,901 CAR 61.1 594 I - Ilocos Region 33.9 723 II - Cagayan Valley 45.9 633 III - Central Luzon 33.6 1,068 IVA - CALABARZON 37. 0 1, 565 IVB - MIMAROPA 61.9 614 V - Bicol Region 36.6 1,051 VI - Western Visayas 39.9 1,015 VII - Central Visayas 31.8 918 VIII - Eastern Visayas 31.4 868 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 42.3 626 X - Northern Mindanao 32.4 993 XI - Davao Region 48.3 786 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 31.8 826 XIII - Caraga 39.0 679 ARMM 73.4 584

Socio-Economic Status Lowest 44.0 3,224 Second 34.8 3,337 Middle 35.3 3,060 Fourth 33.1 3,173 Highest 39.4 3,650

Total 37.3 16,444

Notes : If the respondent visited more than one facility/provider only the first one is included in the tabulation.

Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS 103

TABLE 6.7 Use of Specific Types of Health Facilities

Percentage of household population who were confined to a hospital or clinic in the 12 months before the survey and among those confined, percent distribution by type of facility, according to background characteristics: 2011

Facility in Which Person Received in-Patient Care Public Percentage confined to Regional Background Characteristics hospital/ Hospital/ clinic in Any Public past 30 Public Medical Provincial District Municipal days Number Facility Center Hospital Hospital Hospital

Sex Male 0.6 115,276 48.6 9.2 20.7 11.0 7.8 Female 0.8 111,116 51.3 8.7 22.4 15.4 4.9 Age 0-20 0.6 104,159 54.2 7.8 22.2 16.6 7.6 21-59 0.7 105,099 49.7 9.4 24.7 10.6 5.0 60+ 2.0 17,137 43.4 10.0 14.6 13.1 5.7 Residence Urban 0.7 115,696 43.5 10.7 18.4 9.1 5.3 Rural 0.7 110,699 56.5 7.2 24.8 17.6 6.9 Region NCR 0.6 41,370 48.5 19.9 7.7 10.8 10.1 CAR 1.0 8,136 62.9 5.2 32.1 17.1 8.5 I - Ilocos Region 0.9 10,293 43.4 11.0 13.7 14.1 4.6 II - Cagayan Valley 1.0 9,098 59.2 12.9 16.3 22.7 7.2 III - Central Luzon 0.8 16,136 53.6 3.5 27.5 18.2 4.4 IVA - CALABARZON 0.7 19,680 41.9 5.6 23.7 8.0 4.6 IVB - MIMAROPA 0.6 8,588 50.0 - 28.1 8.4 13.5 V - Bicol Region 0.6 11,202 43.2 7.0 20.3 14.6 1.3 VI - Western Visayas 0.7 12,933 63.9 2.5 26.4 25.4 9.7 VII - Central Visayas 0.6 12,669 51.7 2.0 23.9 23.4 2.4 VIII - Eastern Visayas 0.4 9,665 54.9 2.7 25.8 21.4 5.0 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 0.7 10,156 55.4 19.9 24.3 1.6 9.6 X - Northern Mindanao 0.9 10,740 55.4 10.1 28.8 4.8 11.7 XI - Davao Region 1.3 11,762 42.2 18.2 10.6 11.0 2.5 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 0.9 11,038 30.8 3.3 14.3 8.1 5.1 XIII - Caraga 0.7 9,573 69.2 3.6 38.7 20.6 6.3 ARMM 0.6 13,356 60.5 12.7 40.9 2.8 4.0 Socio-Economic Status Lowest 0.5 46,104 73.2 7.7 32.2 20.4 12.9 Second 0.7 44,672 66.2 13.2 29.7 15.6 7.7 Middle 0.7 42,743 56.7 11.9 21.5 16.0 7.3 Fourth 0.8 44,420 47.0 7.3 20.9 15.0 3.8 Highest 0.9 48,456 21.9 5.7 9.9 4.3 2.1 Insurance Status Not insured 0.5 107,658 65.9 10.8 29.4 17.9 7.8 Insured PhilHealth 0.9 86,228 45.4 7.6 19.8 12.4 5.6 Insured Private 1.9 776 11.1 - 11.1 - - Total 0.7 226,395 50.2 8.9 21.7 13.4 6.2

Continued 104 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.7 -- Concluded

Facility in Which Person Received in-Patient Care Private Lying-in Background Characteristics Any Clinic/ Private Private Birthing Private Number Facility Hospital Home Clinic Confined

Sex Male 51.4 46.1 - 5.3 747 Female 48.7 41.7 1.1 5.9 888 Age 0-20 45.8 38.8 0.2 6.8 616 21-59 50.3 44.5 1.3 4.5 678 60+ 56.6 51.0 - 5.5 344 Residence Urban 56.5 49.9 1.0 5.5 859 Rural 43.5 37.6 0.2 5.7 779 Region NCR 51.5 44.8 2.4 4.2 247 CAR 37.1 36.1 1.0 82 I - Ilocos Region 56.6 45.7 10.8 91 II - Cagayan Valley 40.8 32.2 8.6 89 III - Central Luzon 46.4 36.7 * 9.7 124 IVA - CALABARZON 58.1 52.0 0.2 5.9 133 IVB - MIMAROPA 50.0 41.0 9.0 56 V - Bicol Region 56.8 46.5 10.3 62 VI - Western Visayas 36.1 31.6 4.5 87 VII - Central Visayas 48.3 45.2 3.1 - 76 VIII - Eastern Visayas 45.1 43.3 1.8 42 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 44.6 41.4 3.1 63 X - Northern Mindanao 44.6 43.3 0.5 0.8 103 XI - Davao Region 57.8 51.0 1.1 5.6 144 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 69.2 66.2 3.0 95 XIII - Caraga 30.8 29.4 1.5 63 ARMM 39.5 30.8 8.8 81 Socio-Economic Status Lowest 26.8 21.9 0.1 4.8 247 Second 33.8 27.8 1.3 4.6 296 Middle 43.3 36.3 0.5 6.5 304 Fourth 53.0 45.0 - 8.0 343 Highest 78.1 73.1 0.9 4.1 448 Insurance Status Not insured 34.1 26.7 0.8 6.6 561 Insured PhilHealth 54.6 48.8 0.3 5.4 787 Insured Private 88.9 88.9 - -16 Total 49.8 43.6 0.6 5.6 1,638

Notes : An asterisk indicates that the figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. Dash denotes zero count.

Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey Section VII – DEFENSE, CRIME AND DELINQUENCY

Crime Indicators insurgency or communist terrorists find Fourth Quarter 2011 substance in the data presented in the following discussion.

The Revised Penal Code of 1990 classified crimes either as public or private. Public crimes are those that directly endanger the society and its constituents such as those committed against national security, laws of the state, public order, public interest, and public morals, including drug-related offenses and those committed by public officers in the performance of their duty as civil servants. Private crimes, on the other hand, are those that afflict individuals or persons directly but endanger society on the whole, such as crimes against persons (destruction of life, parricide, murder, homicide, infanticide and abortion, and physical injuries); personal liberty and security; Introduction and crimes against property, chastity, and honor. The government agency mandated to enforce the law, to prevent In measuring crime volume, a and control crimes, to maintain peace distinct classification is used. Crimes are and order, and to ensure public safety classified into index and non-index and internal security with the active categories. Index crimes are those of support of the community is the serious nature which occur with marked Philippine National Police (PNP). frequency and regularity. Crimes against persons and crimes against property being normally reported to police The PNP's collective effort to authorities exemplify index crimes. Non- address areas of priority, namely , the index crimes, on the other hand, are campaigns against illegal drugs, illegal those with no marked regularity, hence, gambling, terrorism, street crimes, seldom find report in police files. kidnapping, bank robberies, hi-jacking, carnapping, and those against wanted persons and criminal gangs, as well as Analysis of Tables the accounting of firearms, and

105 106 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Crime volume down by 27.8 percent Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) with a report of 174 (.03%) crimes and with a A total of 51,805 crimes were corresponding efficiency of 16.1 percent reported in the fourth quarter of 2011 (Table 7.1). against 71,711 in the same period of 2010. Volume decreased by more than Index crimes down 26.7 percent 19 thousand incidents or by 27.8 percent. Solved crimes numbered only Total volume of index crimes 16,393 or an efficiency of 31.6 percent. went down to 26.7 percent in the fourth Comparing the efficiency levels in the quarter 2011 from 45,153 in the same two quarters under review, this quarter’s period in 2010. This was a dent of input was an increment of 10.2 more than 12 thousand incidents . percentage points (Table 7.1). Solved index crimes numbered only 7,823 for an equivalent efficiency rate of 23.6 percent. An increase of 7.1 percentage points in efficiency was observed in this period, from 16.5 percent in the fourth quarter of 2010 (Table 7.2).

Index crimes occur the most in NCR

51,805 NCR reported a total of 9,236 cases for a 27.9 percent share in the fourth quarter of 2011. Central Luzon came close with 11.2 percent of the crimes as it reported an efficiency rate of 18.3, one of the lowest across regions. Central Visayas came close with 10.8 percent, and so with CALABARZON (8.6%), and Northern Mindanao (7.3%).

On the other hand, the ARMM reported the least in both periods, 129 Metro Manila reports more than a (.03%)in the fourth quarter of 2011 fourth of total crimes from 192 (.04%) in the same period in 2010 (Table 7.2). Across regions, the National Capital Region (NCR) or Metro Manila Non-index crimes down 27.0 percent recorded the bulk of crimes committed, 13,750 for an equivalent 26.5 percent, By nomenclature, non-index Central Luzon from highest in 2010, crimes do not occur regularly, hence, dropped to second spot with 12.4 they number less than index crimes. A percent of the total or 6,435 crimes. decrease in such crimes was observed Other regions which reported more in the period under review, a total of crimes included Central Visayas (9.9%), 18,693 crimes of this type was reported and CALABARZON (9.2%). At the in the fourth quarter 2011 from 26,558 in bottom was the Autonomous Region in the same period in 2010 or a decrease of more than seven thousand or by 29.6

DEFENSE, CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 107

percent. Efficiency rates moved up to volume increases and decreases. It was 45.8 percent from 29.6 percent (Table in NCR where the bulk of these crimes 7.2). took place, 21.0 percent of the total. Central Luzon was second with 11.2 NCR registered the bulk of non- percent as CALBARZON came on third index crimes with 24.2 percent of the with 10.0 percent. The ARMM had the total in the fourth quarter period of 2011. least with a report of .07 percent share Central Luzon came on second place (Table 7.3). with 14.7 percent share. The ARMM reported the least in this category, from Crime against property slows down by .03 percent in 2010 to .02 percent in almost a fourth of the total 2011, all of fourth quarter (Table 7.2). Volume of crimes committed Crime against persons slips to 30.3 against property went down by 24.8 percent percent, from 24,273 in 2010 fourth quarter to only 18,265 in the 2011 fourth Crimes committed against quarter. Majority of these crimes were persons dented to 33.3 percent, from reported to be theft (62.0%) and the 18,706 in fourth quarter 2010 to 13,036 other was robbery (38.5%). in 2011 fourth quarter. NCR reported the biggest crime By type of crime, that on physical volume of this kind, 5,945 (32.6%) and injury was the biggest with 9,032 followed closely by Central incidents (69.2%). Murder was second Visayas at 2,331 (12.8%) and Central with 16.2 percent share, rape 8..4 Luzon at 1,964(10.8%). At the cellar percent, while the least went to homicide was ARMM with a crime report of 19 at 6.1 percent. cases (.01%) (Table 7.4).

Reports from the regions reflected volume increases and decreases. It was 108 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Human Rights Violation Social rights – rights in relation to human society, the interaction of the Cases: 2010-2011 individual and the group or the welfare of human beings as members of society The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) is an independent body Rights of children – pertain to constituted in line with the provision of the basic rights of children as identified Section II, Article II of the 1987 Philippine by the United Nations Organization Constitution which stresses the (UNO) government’s commitment to upholding human rights, and to quote “the State values the dignity of the human person Analysis of Tables and guarantees full respect for human rights.” Incidence of alleged human rights Pursuant to the aforementioned violations jumps by almost three constitutional mandate, Executive Order times No. 163 created the CHR whose task is to promote the protection of, respect for, For the year 2012, a total of 1,341 and the enhancement of the people’s incidence of alleged human rights inherent entitlement to human rights, violations were reported by the CHR. including all civil and political rights. Compared with that of 2011, (516 cases), this was an increase of 829 cases or an To fulfill its mission, the CHR equivalent 159.9 percent (Table 7.5) identified two main approaches: human rights protection and human rights SOCCSKSARGEN reports most promotion. Human rights protection number of incidence involves investigation of all cases of human rights violation and delivery of Across regions, Davao’s report of free legal and financial services to all 241 incidence is the highest in the period victims, including referral of cases to the and is equivalent to 18.0 percent of the proper agencies. On the other hand, total number reported. human rights promotion refers to the Commission’s function of informing and Zamboanga Peninsula came educating the public in terms of human second with a report of 12.7 percent rights values, principles, and laws. share, followed by NCR 11.9 percent, and Northern Mindanao 9.9 percent. Human rights may refer to any of the following rights: All the regions reported increments in incidence share (Table 7.5) Political rights – rights or just entitlements relative to the conduct of government or governance

Economic rights – rights of just entitlements relative to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 109

TABLE 7.1 Total Crime Volume and Efficiency Rate by Region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 51,805 16,393 31.6 71,711 15,324 21.4 NCR 13,750 5,972 43.4 8,778 4,675 53.3 CAR 1,010 448 44.4 3,714 282 7.6 I - Ilocos Region 2,141 759 35.5 3,893 593 15.2 II - Cagayan Valley 790 254 32.2 1,670 332 19.9 III - Central Luzon 6,435 1,459 22.7 12,369 1,199 9.7 IVA - CALABARZON 4,778 1,520 31.8 6,734 1,793 26.6 IVB - MIMAROPA 582 162 27.8 1,154 223 19.3 V - Bicol Region 2,676 475 17.8 3,875 948 24.5 VI - Western Visayas 1,878 533 28.4 2,674 764 28.6 VII - Central Visayas 5,161 1,495 29.0 7,992 1,350 16.9 VIII - Eastern Visayas 1,235 366 29.6 1,780 252 14.2 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,814 440 24.3 4,699 408 8.7 X - Northern Mindanao 3,181 589 18.5 3,674 318 8.7 XI - Davao Region 2,965 766 25.8 4,268 910 21.3 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 2,167 851 39.3 2,916 1,012 34.7 Caraga 1,068 276 25.8 1,241 203 16.4 ARMM 174 28 16.1 280 62 22.1

Source: Philippine National Police

TABLE 7.2 Index and Non-index Crimes by Region Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Index Crimes

Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 33,112 7,823 23.6 45,153 7,455 16.5 NCR 9,236 3,037 32.9 5,767 2,422 42.0 CAR 624 218 34.9 2,279 165 7.2 I - Ilocos Region 1,084 365 33.7 2,101 272 12.9 II - Cagayan Valley 534 146 27.3 1,072 183 17.1 III - Central Luzon 3,680 674 18.3 7,219 628 8.7 IVA - CALABARZON 2,840 612 21.5 4,494 842 18.7 IVB - MIMAROPA 339 99 29.2 641 116 18.1 V - Bicol Region 1,542 236 15.3 1,983 358 18.1 VI - Western Visayas 1,370 253 18.5 1,897 336 17.7 VII - Central Visayas 3,579 613 17.1 5,781 554 9.6 VIII - Eastern Visayas 800 180 22.5 1,219 114 9.4 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,101 206 18.7 2,020 217 10.7 X - Northern Mindanao 2,396 324 13.5 2,774 172 6.2 XI - Davao Region 1,990 329 16.5 3,049 478 15.7 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,104 361 32.7 1,824 448 24.6 Caraga 764 150 19.6 841 117 13.9 ARMM 129 20 15.5 192 33 17.2

Continued 110 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 7.2 -- Concluded

Non-index Crimes

Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 18,693 8,570 45.8 26,558 7,869 29.6 NCR 4,514 2,935 65.0 3,011 2,253 74.8 CAR 386 230 59.6 1,435 117 8.2 I-Ilocos Region 1,057 394 37.3 1,792 321 17.9 II - Cagayan Valley 256 108 42.2 598 149 24.9 III - Central Luzon 2,755 785 28.5 5,150 571 11.1 IVA - CALABARZON 1,938 908 46.9 2,240 951 42.5 IVB - MIMAROPA 243 63 25.9 513 107 20.9 V - Bicol Region 1,134 239 21.1 1,892 590 31.2 VI - Western Visayas 508 280 55.1 777 428 55.1 VII - Central Visayas 1,582 882 55.8 2,211 796 36.0 VIII - Eastern Visayas 435 186 42.8 561 138 24.6 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 713 234 32.8 2,679 191 7.1 X - Northern Mindanao 785 265 33.8 900 146 16.2 XI - Davao Region 975 437 44.8 1,219 432 35.4 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,063 490 46.1 1,092 564 51.6 XIII - Caraga 304 126 41.4 400 86 21.5 ARMM 45 8 17.8 88 29 33.0 Source: Philippine National Police TABLE 7.3 Crimes Against Persons by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Crime Against Persons

Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010 Region Physical Physical Total Murder HomicideRape Total Murder Homicide Rape Injury Injury

Philippines 13,036 2,113 796 9,032 1,095 18,706 2,292 945 14,351 1,118 NCR 2,746 189 99 2,322 136 1,612 152 108 1,270 82 CAR 291 39 15 204 33 1,356 47 42 1,240 27 I-Ilocos Region 677 83 45 516 33 1,245 85 30 1,102 28 II - Cagayan Valley 285 67 14 187 17 597 65 34 463 35 III - Central Luzon 1,462 147 56 1,063 196 3,289 168 66 2,832 223 IVA - CALABARZON 1,307 317 90 699 201 1,967 334 120 1,305 208 IVB - MIMAROPA 226 60 17 117 32 427 53 17 316 41 V - Bicol Region 836 116 54 600 66 1,138 140 45 886 67 VI - Western Visayas 721 125 68 427 101 856 149 69 530 108 VII - Central Visayas 1,108 166 110 764 68 1,443 192 101 1,068 82 VIII - Eastern Visayas 421 88 36 265 32 567 112 53 383 19 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 594 158 35 361 40 1,018 160 54 752 52 X - Northern Mindanao 735 134 38 521 42 844 131 42 651 20 XI - Davao Region 608 129 45 405 29 1,029 169 66 774 20 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 556 138 45 330 43 788 144 65 504 75 XIII - Caraga 360 93 25 218 24 375 99 25 225 26 ARMM 103 64 4 33 2 155 92 8 50 5

Source: Philippine National Police DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 111

TABLE 7.4 Crime Against Property by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Crime Against Property Region Fourth Quarter 2011 Fourth Quarter 2010 Total Robbery TheftTotal Robbery Theft

Philippines 18,265 6,940 11,325 24,273 8,439 15,834

NCR 5,945 2,638 3,307 3,770 1,798 1,972 CAR 310 120 190 886 255 631 I - Ilocos Region 361 71 290 784 92 692 II - Cagayan Valley 209 88 121 410 135 275 III - Central Luzon 1,964 803 1,161 3,443 1,216 2,227 IVA - CALABARZON 1,268 557 711 2,214 996 1,218 IVB - MIMAROPA 98 54 44 206 73 133 V - Bicol Region 678 222 456 806 263 543 VI - Western Visayas 601 201 400 983 303 680 VII - Central Visayas 2,331 845 1,486 4,171 1,296 2,875 VIII - Eastern Visayas 370 82 288 642 159 483 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 437 138 299 924 294 630 X - Northern Mindanao 1,527 364 1,163 1,773 501 1,272 XI - Davao Region 1,322 445 877 1,936 552 1,384 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 455 185 270 852 330 522 Caraga 370 117 253 443 155 288 ARMM 19 10 9 30 21 9

Source: Philippine National Police 112 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 7.5 Incidence of Alleged Human Rights Violation by Region 2011 - 2012

Year Region 2012 2011

Philippines 1,341 516

NCR 159 22 CAR 11 5 I-Ilocos Region 27 16 II - Cagayan Valley 40 22 III - Central Luzon 99 13 IV - Southern Tagalog 67 14 V-Bicol Region 92 63 VI - Western Visayas 22 38 VII - Central Visayas 48 27 VIII - Eastern Visayas 66 49 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 170 41 X-Northern Mindanao 134 12 XI - Davao Region 241 55 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 85 98 XIII - Caraga 80 41

CRC Child Rights Center

Notes : The Child Rights Center is a special unit under the CHR mandated to protect and promote children's rights Note : Data refer to the number of human rights violations against children

Source : Commission on Human Rights DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 113

TABLE 7.6 Number of Human Rights Violations Cases by Region and by Case Type 2009

Case Type Murder/ Arbitrary/ Region Total Homecide/ Illegal Arrest/ Disappear- Other Execution Detention ance Torture Complaints

Philippines 25,006 5,794 2,746 357 165 15,944

NCR 3,852 366 751 60 46 2,629 CAR 162 20 10 2 1 129 I-Ilocos Region 610 164 40 11 5 390 II - Cagayan Valley 1,047 414 28 1 3 601 III - Central Luzon 2,296 430 253 54 39 1,520 IV - Southern Tagalog 1,636 540 148 48 4 896 V-Bicol Region 1,437 434 143 14 7 839 VI - Western Visayas 2,477 612 194 28 14 1,629 VII - Central Visayas 1,153 220 127 9 3 794 VIII - Eastern Visayas 2,144 315 295 40 2 1,492 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 2,275 430 212 15 13 1,605 X-Northern Mindanao 638 180 65 4 2 387 XI - Davao Region 3,465 1,316 314 38 14 1,783 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,213 271 112 28 9 793 XIII - Caraga 437 77 49 5 3 303

CRC Child Rights Center 164 5 5 0 0 154

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