Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)

Zootaxa 3760 (2): 241–259 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA6AC5BD-0857-460B-A690-89C3FDF0E0D2 Four new species of Andricus Hartig oak gallwasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)

SERAP MUTUN1, SERDAR DINÇ1, MIKLÓS BOZSÓ2 & GEORGE MELIKA2,3 1Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science & Arts, Department of Biology, 14280, Bolu, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] (for Serap Mutun), [email protected] (for Serdar Dinç) 2Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conserva- tion and Agri-environment, Budaörsi str. 141-145, Budapest 1118, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] (for George Melika), [email protected] (for Miklós Bozsó) 3Corresponding author

Abstract

Four new species of oak gallwasps, Andricus ahmeti, A. anatolicus, A. bakrachus and A. turcicus (Hymenoptera: Cynip- idae: Cynipini) are described from Turkey. All four species are known only from asexual females and induce galls on twigs and young shoots on Q. infectoria, Q. macranthera and Q. petraea. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the four new species are given. Andricus stonei and Aphelonyx kordestanica are listed for the first time for the Turkish oak gallwasp fauna.

Keywords: Cynipini, Andricus, taxonomy, Turkey, distribution, new species

Introduction

Only a few records on Cynipidae from Turkey were listed in the reference work by DallaTorre & Kieffer (1910). Later studies subsequently added new species to the cynipid fauna of Turkey: Karaca (1956) listed 21, Baş (1973)—34, Kıyak et al. (2008)—30 species. For now, 81 species of cynipids from 16 genera are listed from Turkey, which from 77 species are associated with oaks (tribe Cynipini), and in particular, 50 species belong to the genus Andricus Hartig (Katılmış & Kıyak 2008). In the south western part of Turkey (Antalya, Burdur, Isparta, Denizli, Aydın, Muğla), 30 species of oak gallwasps (Cynipini) were found (Kıyak et al. 2008). Katılmış and Kıyak (2011) listed 58 species from 11 genera of the tribe Cynipini from western Anatolia. A recent study added a new gallwasp species to the Turkish cynipid fauna (Mutun & Dinç 2011). In the last decades, two new oak gallwasp species were described from Turkey: Andricus askewi Melika & Stone (Melika & Stone 2001) and A. megalucidus Melika (Melika et al. 2004), and another one new species will be published soon (Dinç et al. 2013, in press). During this study, two species, Andricus stonei Melika, Tavakoli & Sadeghi and Aphelonyx kordestanica Melika, were found for the first time in Turkey, which are new species for the oak gallwasp fauna of Turkey; earlier, they were known only from Iran (Azizkhani et al. 2006; Melika et al. 2010). Here we describe another four new species from Turkey, Andricus ahmeti n. sp., Andricus anatolicus n. sp., Andricus bakrachus n. sp. and Andricus turcicus n. sp., all known to induce galls on twigs and shoots of Quercus infectoria Olivier, Q. macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey, and Q. petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. (Section Quercus of Quercus L., white oaks; Fagaceae).

Material and methods

Galls were collected in Turkey in AugustTSeptember, 2012 from Q. macranthera, Q. infectoria and Q. petraea.

Accepted by M. Buffington: 20 Dec. 2013; published: 31 Jan. 2014 241 Galls were reared under laboratory conditions (T 25oC; RH 65%) and emerging wasps were preserved in 95% ethanol. Galls were deposited in the collections mentioned below. The terminology used to describe gallwasp morphology and abbreviations for the forewing venation follows other recent cynipid studies (Melika 2006; Melika et al. 2010); cuticular surface terminology follows Harris (1979). Measurements and abbreviations used here include: F1–F12 for the 1st and subsequent flagellomeres; POL (post-ocellar distance) for the distance between the inner margins of the posterior ocelli; OOL (ocellar-ocular distance) for the distance from the outer edge of a posterior ocellus to the inner margin of the compound eye; and LOL (lateral-frontal ocelli distance) for the distance between lateral and frontal ocelli. The width of the forewing radial cell is measured from the margin of the wing to the Rs vein. Images of wasp anatomy were produced with a digital Leica DC500 camera attached to a Leica DMLB-2 compound microscope, equipped with a Leica IM50 Image Manager and followed by processing in CombineZP (Alan Hadley) and Adobe Photoshop 6.0. Type materials and galls are deposited in the following institutions: Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory (PHMB), Budapest, Hungary (curator G. Melika); Molecular Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Abant Izzet Baysal University (AIBU), Bolu, Turkey.

Results

Andricus ahmeti Melika, Mutun & Dinç, new species Figs 1–11, 12–15

Type material: HOLOTYPE female: TURKEY, Manisa Demirtaş, N 39° 260.82´; E 27° 892.89´; 413 m a.s.l.; ex Q. infectoria; coll. 2011.08.18., leg. S. Mutun & S. Dinç. PARATYPES: 4 females with the same labels as the holotype. The holotype and 2 paratypes are deposited at the PHMB, 2 paratypes at the AIBU collection. Material examined. 10 galls were collected from Manisa Demirtaş Village, N 39° 260.82´ , E 27° 892.89´, 413 m a.s.l., 21. 09.2012; 5 galls—from Uşak Çorum Village, N 38° 483.48´, E 29° 528.80´, 1046 m a.s.l., 03. 08. 2012; 3 galls—from Amasya Taşova, N 40° 828.15´, E 36° 189.32´, 735 m a.s.l., 26. 08. 2012, 3 galls—from Amasya Mahmatlar Village, N 40° 564.24´, E 35° 895.21´, 568 m a.s.l., 02.09.2012 and 3 galls—from Kayseri Büyükgümüşgün Village, N 38° 697.57´, E 36° 442.65´, 1578 m a.s.l., 08. 09. 2012. Etymology. In honour of Serap Mutun’s father who recently passed. Diagnosis. The gall of A. ahmeti most closely resembles the gall of A. askewi Melika & Stone and A. quercustozae (Bosc). However, the morphology of adults is quite distinct. In A. askewi the head and mesosoma are uniformly reddish-brown; the radial cell of the forewing 4.4–4.5 times longer than broad; metasomal tergite 2 with dense setae at the base; subsequent tergites with white dense setae only on the lateroposterior 1/3 of the tergite only; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium short, 3.0 times longer than broad, while in A. ahmeti the head and mesosoma are brown with black areas; the radial cell of the forewing only 3.8 times longer than broad; all metasomal tergites with very dense white setae laterally; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium much longer, 6.0 times longer than broad. In A. quercustozae the clypeus is quadrangular, slightly broader than high, ventrally strongly emarginate and incised medially; the mesoscutum coriaceous-granulose, with no piliferous punctures; the radial cell of the forewing long, 5.1 times as long as broad, while in A. ahmeti the clypeus is rectangular, nearly twice broader than high, ventrally straight, not emarginate, not incised medially; the mesoscutum with distinct numerous dense punctures in the internotauli area and area between the parapside and notaulus; the radial cell of the forewing much shorter, only 3.8 times as long as broad. See also Comments for the DNA-based diagnosis. Description. ASEXUAL female (holotype) (Figs 1–11). Head brown, occiput, ocelli and postgenal bridge black, with mandibles and stripe along attachment line of mandibles black. Antenna darkish brown to black. Pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and lateral propodeal area brown; mesoscutum in mid height between notauli, scutellar foveae, metascutellum, metanotal trough, central propodeal area, mesosoma ventrally and 2nd metasomal tergite dorsally black. Coxae, trochanters, femora brown, with dense white setae, tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black. Head, mesosoma and metasoma with uniformly very dense long white setae.

242 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. FIGURES 1–5. Andricus ahmeti, new species, asexual female: 1–4, head: 1, anterior view, 2, dorsal view, 3, posterior view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna.

Head delicately coriaceous, 2.3 times as broad as long from above, 1.4 times as broad as high in anterior view and narrower than width of mesosoma. Gena alutaceous to coriaceous, broader than cross diameter of eye, strongly broadened behind eye, well visible in anterior view behind eye. Malar space coriaceous, without striae and malar sulcus, 0.4 times as long as height of eye. POL 1.75 times as long as OOL; OOL 1.3 times as long as LOL and 2.5 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, ocelli slightly ovate, black, equal in size and shape. Transfacial distance 1.5 times as long as height of eye and 2.1 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal torulus 1.3 times as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin 1.3 times as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face delicately coriaceous, with elevated median area and very dense setae. Clypeus coriaceous, rectangular, nearly twice broader than high, with parallel sides, impressed, flat, ventrally not emarginate, straight, not incised medially, with distinct deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Frons delicately coriaceous, with impression above antennal socket and under median ocellus. Vertex, occiput and interocellar area uniformly delicately coriaceous. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, without surface sculpture. postocciput glabrous, shiny; postgena smooth, shiny, with dense setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below impressed; height of occipital foramen nearly equal to height of postgenal bridge which coriacaeous centrally, with numerous parallel vertical wrinkles; hypostomal carina emarginate, postgenal sulcus indistinct between numerous wrinkles. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, as long as head+mesosoma; pedicel nearly 2.5 times shorter than scape,

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 243 longer than broad, F1 2.9 times as long as pedicel, 1.2 times as long as F2, F3 1.3 times shorter than F2, from F4 all subsequent flagellomeres slightly shorter; F12 slightly longer than F11; placoid sensillae on F3–F12, in numerous rows, absent on F1–F2.

FIGURES 6–11. Andricus ahmeti, new species, asexual female: 6, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 7, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 8, mesosoma, lateral view, 9, forewing, part, 10, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 11, metasoma, part, lateral view.

Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view; with uniform, dense white setae. Pronotum uniformly delicately coriaceous, with uniform dense white setae and some punctures in laterodorsal part. Anterior rim of pronotum narrow, emarginate; propleuron delicately coriaceous, with white dense setae, strongly concave in mediocentral part. Mesoscutum longer than broad (width measured across base of tegulae); with distinct numerous dense puctures in internotauli area and area between parapside and notaulus, area between punctures shiny, smooth. Notauli distinct, complete, reaching pronotum, well-impressed; median mesoscutal line hardly traceable, present in a form of short triangle; anterior parallel lines distinct, extending to half length of mesoscutum; parapsidal line indicates by smooth glabrous stripes. Mesoscutellum delicately uniformly coriaceous, rounded, nearly as broad as

244 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. long, very slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar fovea transversely ovate, 2.0 times as broad as high and 5.6 times as broad as width of elevated median carina separating foveae, with shiny, smooth bottom. Mesopleuron, including speculum, and mesopleural triangle uniformly delicately coriaceous, both with dense white setae, hidden the surface sculpture. Metapleural sulcus distinct, delimiting area with very dense white setae, reach mesopleuron in upper 1/3rd; preaxilla coriaceous; dorsoaxillar and lateral axillar areas delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae; axillar carina broad, smooth, shiny with longitudinal striae; axillula slightly ovate, with very dense white setae hidden sculpture; subaxillular bar smooth, shiny, black, covered with very dense long white setae. Metascutellum black, delicately coriaceous, nearly 2.5 times as high as height of smooth, shiny ventral impressed area. Lateral propodeal carinae subparallel, delimiting smooth black central area with few delicate irregular wrinkles, with very dense white setae; lateral propodeal area uniformly coriaceous, with very dense white setae; nucha very short, without striae. Forewing longer than body, with dark brown veins, margin with dense, short cilia; radial cell 3.8 times as long as broad, R1 and Rs nearly reach wing margin; Rs+M distinct in distal 3/4, its projection reach basalis at half height, areolet large, triangular, well-delimited. Anterior surface of fore tibia with long oblique setae. Tarsal claws with strong acute, deep basal lobe. Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly higher than long in lateral view, smooth, shiny. All metasomal tergites with very dense white setae laterally, which absent dorsally on tergites 2 and 3; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium slender, needle-like, around 6.0 times longer than broad, with two ventral rows of dense setae directed downwards. Body length 4.6–5.1 mm (n=6).

FIGURES 12–15. Andricus ahmeti, new species, gall.

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 245 Gall (Figs 12–15). The gall is 10–25 mm in diameter, monolocular, found often as a single gall attached to the lateral buds. The mature gall is reddish brown. The surface of the gall is smooth and slightly sticky in the early gall development and after maturation. Irregular spherical shape with a crevice at the apex of the gall. The parenchyma of the gall with a corky texture, the larval chamber located near the centre of the gall and larval chamber is not free. Biology. Only the asexual females are known to induce galls on Q. infectoria and Q. petraea which are common oak species and distributed from Europe, through Turkey, to Iran (Yaltırık 1984; Govaerts & Frodin 1998). The gall develops through the summer and matures from the beginning of September and till the late October. Adults emerged from galls in late September. Comments. The mitochondrial Cytb gene sequence most closely resembles that of A. quercustozae (query cover 92%, max. identity 98%, accession # JQ229050.1), A. caputmedusae (Hartig) (query cover 92%, max. identity 98%, accession # JQ229011.1) and A. askewi (query cover 92%, max. identity 98%, accession # EU552423.1). Distribution. Currently known only from the vicinities of Manisa, Amasya, Uşak and Kayseri cities of Turkey.

Andricus anatolicus Melika, Mutun & Dinç, new species Figs 16–26, 27–30

Type material: HOLOTYPE female: TURKEY, Gümüşhane Şiran, N 40° 176.39´, E 39° 138.61´, 1390 m a.s.l., ex Q. macranthera; leg. S. Mutun & S.Dinç; coll. 11.09.2012. PARATYPES: 3 females with the same labels as the holotype. The holotype and 1 paratype are deposited at the PHMB, 2 paratypes at the AIBU collection. Material examined. Three galls were colllected from Gümüşhane Şiran, N 40° 176.39´, E 39° 138.61´, 1390 m a.s.l., 28.08.2012; 1 gall—from Muş Karakütük 11.09.2012, N 38° 633.47´, E 41° 704.46´, 1337 m a.s.l.; 2 galls—from Muş Azıklı, N 38° 643.04´, E 41° 753.69´, 1366 m a.s.l., 11.09.2012; 2 galls—from Bitlis Yeniünaldı Village, N 38° 317.59´, E 42° 020.99´, 1297 m a.s.l., 13. 09.2012. Etymology. Named after the westernmost protrusion of Asia, Asian Turkey, where it was collected. Diagnosis. By the presence of short, faintly oblique setae on the anterior surface of fore tibia, Andricus anatolicus, new species, belongs to the “Adleria kollari” group of species (Melika 2006). Within this group of species, based on some characters: propodeal lateral carina are curved outwards in the middle, notauli are uniformly deep, complete, always reaching the pronotum, the head and mesosoma are light brown to amber; this species most closely resembles A. kollari (Hartig). However, in A. anatolicus the mesoscutellum is dull rugose only along sides and delicately coriaceous in the anteromedian part; scutellar foveae delimited by carina all around, deep, black, with shiny, glabrous bottom; propodeal lateral carinae only slightly curved outwards in the middle; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium 7.0 times as long as broad, while in A. kollari the mesoscutellum is uniformly dull rugose; scutellar foveae not delimited posteriorly by a carina, shallower, amber brown, with an alutaceous bottom; propodeal lateral carinae strongly curved outwards in the middle; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium only 3.5–5.5 times as long as broad Based on the mitochondrial cytb gene sequence it is most closely resembles A. kollari (see Comments below). The galls induced by the two species are also different. Description. ASEXUAL female (holotype) (Figs 16–26). Head, antennae, legs, metasoma uniformly and entirely brown. Pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and lateral propodeal area brown; scutellar foveae, metascutellum, metanotal trough, central propodeal area, mesosoma ventrally very dark brown to black. Head, mesosoma and metasoma with uniformly very dense long white setae. Head delicately coriaceous, 2.3 times as broad as long from above, 1.5 times as broad as high in anterior view and narrower than width of mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, 1.3 times broader than cross diameter of eye, strongly broadened behind eye, well visible in anterior view behind eye. Malar space coriaceous, without malar sulcus, with few indistinct short striae extending to 1/3 of malar space length, 0.4 times as long as height of eye. POL 2.0 times as long as OOL; OOL nearly equal LOL and 2.3 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, ocelli nearly rounded, equal in size and shape. Transfacial distance 1.3 times as long as height of eye and 2.0 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal torulus 2.6 times as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin 1.2 times as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face delicately coriaceous, with elevated median area, sparse setae and some piliferous points. Clypeus

246 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. coriaceous, trapezoid, broader ventrally, nearly twice broader than high, impressed, flat, ventrally straight, not incised medially, with large deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Area between eye margins and toruli and frons delicately reticuloso-coriaceous, with sparse setae; frons with shiny impressions under each ocellus. Vertex, occiput and interocellar area uniformly delicately coriaceous. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, without surface sculpture. postocciput glabrous, shiny; postgena smooth, shiny, with sparse setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below impressed; occipital foramen higher than height of postgenal bridge; which smooth, shiny centrally; hypostomal carina emarginate, postgenal sulcus distinct. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, as long as head+mesosoma; pedicel nearly 2.9 times shorter than scape, 1.3 times longer than broad; F1 2.5 times as long as pedicel, 1.2 times as long as F2, F3 slightly shorter than F2, from F4 all subsequent flagellomeres slightly shorter; F12 longer than F11; placoid sensillae on F3–F12, in numerous rows, absent on F1–F2.

FIGURES 16–20. Andricus anatolicus, new species, asexual female: 16–19, head: 16, anterior view, 17, dorsal view, 18, posterior view, 19, lateral view. 20, antenna.

Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view; with uniform, dense white setae. Pronotum uniformly delicately coriaceous, with uniform sparse white setae, more dense in lateroventral 1/3 and uniformly distributed sparse punctures laterally. Anterior rim of pronotum narrow, emarginate; propleuron delicately coriaceous, with white dense setae, strongly concave in mediocentral part. Mesoscutum longer than broad (width measured across base of tegulae); with distinct numerous dense puctures, area between punctures shiny, smooth. Notauli distinct, complete, reaching pronotum, well-impressed; median mesoscutal line superficially impressed, extending to 1/5 of mesoscutum length; anterior parallel lines distinct, extending to 1/3 length of mesoscutum; parapsidal line indicates by smooth glabrous stripes. Mesoscutellum dull rugose around, delicately coriaceous in anteromedian part, trapezoid, broader in posterior half, very slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar fovea transversely ovate, 1.6 times as broad as high, with shiny, smooth bottom and separated by distinct elevated median carina. Mesopleuron

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 247 with sparse setae, with distinct punctures in anterior half, smooth and shiny in posterior half; mesopleural triangle uniformly delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae, hidden the surface sculpture. Metapleural sulcus distinct, delimiting area with very dense white setae, reach mesopleuron in upper 1/3rd; preaxilla coriaceous; dorsoaxillar and lateral axillar areas delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae; axillar carina broad, smooth, shiny with longitudinal striae; axillula slightly ovate, with very dense white setae hidden sculpture; subaxillular bar smooth, shiny. Metascutellum black, delicately coriaceous, nearly 2.5 times as high as height of smooth, shiny ventral impressed area. Lateral propodeal carinae slightly curved outwards in middle height, delimiting smooth black central area with few delicate irregular wrinkles, with sparse white setae; lateral propodeal area uniformly coriaceous, with sparse white setae; nucha very short, without striae dorsally, with wrinkles laterally.

FIGURES 21–26. Andricus anatolicus, new species, asexual female: 21, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 22, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 23, mesosoma, lateral view, 24, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 25, forewing, part, 26, metasoma, part, lateral view.

248 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. FIGURES 27–30. Andricus anatolicus, new species, gall: 27–28, young, greenish, growing galls, 29, mature gall, 30, dissected gall with larval chamber.

Forewing longer than body, with dark brown veins, margin with dense, short cilia; radial cell 4.3 times as long as broad, R1 and Rs nearly reach wing margin; Rs+M distinct in distal 3/4, its projection reach basalis at half height, areolet large, triangular, well-delimited. Anterior surface of fore tibia with short sparse setae. Tarsal claws with strong acute, deep basal lobe. Metasoma slightly longer than head+mesosoma, higher than long in lateral view, smooth, shiny. All metasomal tergites with very dense white setae laterally, which absent dorsally on all tergites; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium slender, needle-like, around 7.0 times longer than broad, with two ventral rows of dense setae directed downwards. Body length 4.5–5.2 mm (n=4). Gall (Figs 27–30). A monolocular gall, found mainly on terminal buds and less frequently on lateral buds. The

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 249 gall is greenish when growing and becomes brown when mature, 6–11 mm, often found in aggregated groups. The base of gall is broad, through the apex becomes gradually narrow and gives dome-like shape. Biology. Only the asexual females are known to induce galls on Q. macranthera and Q. infectoria. The gall develops through the summer and matures in October. Our wasps emerged from the galls in September. Comments. The mitochondrial Cytb gene sequence most closely resembles that of A. kollari (query cover 95%, max. identity 99%, accession # AJ228466.1). Distribution. Currently known from the vicinitites of Muş, Bitlis and Gümüşhane cities of Turkey.

Andricus bakrachus Melika, Mutun & Dinç, new species Figs 31–40, 41–44

Type material: HOLOTYPE female: TURKEY, Manisa Demirtaş Village, N 39° 260.82´, E 27° 892.89´, 413 m. a.s.l. ex Q.infectoria; leg. S. Mutun & S. Dinç; coll. 21. 09.2012. The holotype is deposited at the PHMB. Material examined. Gall samples were collected from Tunceli Pülümür, N 39° 590.13´, E 39° 862.58´, 1355 m a.s.l., 31. 08. 2012; one gall—from Elazığ Sütlüce, N 38° 593.81´, E 38° 977.21´, 1247 m a.s.l., 09. 09. 2012; one gall—from Elazığ Arındık Village, N 38° 642.84´, E 38° 948.61´, 1390 m a.s.l., 09.09.2012; one gall—from Adıyaman Taşlıyazı Village, N 37° 728.02´, E 37° 952.26´, 733 m a.s.l., 15. 09. 2012; one gall—from Adıyaman Yarbaşı Village, N 37° 772.87´, E 37° 684.76´, 905 m a.s.l., 15. 09.2012; one gall—from Çanakkale Near Nusratlı, N 39° 583.86´, E 26° 526.60´, 472 m a.s.l., 21.09.2012; one gall—from Manisa Demirtaş Village, N 39° 260.82´, E 27° 892.89´, 413 m a.s.l., 21. 09.2012. Etymology. The shape of the gall resembles the shape of the traditional Turkish vessel "bakrach" which is used to store and carry milk. Diagnosis. The gall somewhat resembles the abnormally developed gall of A. quercustozae, however, in the new species the gall is narrowed at the tip and become broaden through the apex, with a disc-like upper surface, while in A. quercustozae the gall is rounded. Based on the mitochondrial cytB gene sequence most closely resembles A. kollari, A. corruptrix (Schlechtendal) and A. truncicolus (Giraud) (see Comments below). Andricus kollari and A. corruptrix belong to the “Adleria kollari” group of species (Melika 2006), with short, faintly oblique setae on the anterior surface of the foretibia, while in A. turcicus the anterior surface of the foretibia with numerous dense long setae. Morphologicaly most closely resembles A. truncicolus which has the body predominantly blackish-brown; POL slightly longer than OOL; F1 longer than F2; scutellar foveae nearly rounded, as high as broad, with smooth, shiny deep bottom; the radial cell of the forewing 4.8–5.0 times as long as broad; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium around 6.0 times longer than broad while in A. turcicus the body predominantly brown, POL 1.3 times as long as OOL; F1= F2; scutellar fovea transversely ovate, 2.1 times as broad as high, with a reticulate bottom, separated by an elevated triangular median carina; the radial cell of the forewing 3.8 times as long as broad; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium around 4.3 times longer than broad. Description. ASEXUAL female (holotype) (Figs 31–40). Head brown; postocciput and postgenal bridge, hypostomal carina, tips of mandibles and stripe along attachment line of mandibles black. Antenna black. Pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and lateral propodeal area brown; mesoscutum between notauli with black stripes along anterior parallel lines, scutellar foveae, metascutellum, metanotal trough, central propodeal area, mesosoma ventrally and 2nd metasomal tergite dorsally black. Legs with dense long white setae, including the anterior part of fore tibiae; coxae brown, trochanters brown, hind trochanter partially black; anterior surface of femurs black, rest brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black. Head, mesosoma and metasoma with uniformly very dense long white setae. Head delicately coriaceous, 2.4 times as broad as long from above, 1.4 times as broad as high in anterior view and narrower than width of mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, broader than cross diameter of eye, strongly broadened behind eye, well visible in anterior view behind eye. Malar space delicately coriaceous, without striae and malar sulcus, 0.4 times as long as height of eye. POL 1.3 times as long as OOL; OOL 1.9 times as long as LOL and 2.1 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, ocelli slightly ovate, black, equal in size and shape. Transfacial distance 1.3 times as long as height of eye and 1.9 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal torulus 2.5 times as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin equal to diameter of torulus. Lower face delicately coriaceous, with elevated

250 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. median area and very dense setae. Clypeus coriaceous, rectangular, slightly higher than broad, with parallel sides, impressed, flat, ventrally not emarginate, straight, not incised medially, with distinct deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Frons delicately coriaceous, with impression above antennal socket and under median ocellus. Vertex, occiput and interocellar area uniformly delicately coriaceous. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, without surface sculpture; postocciput with subparallel wrinkles; postgena smooth, shiny, with dense setae and numerous piliferous points; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below impressed; height of occipital foramen nearly equal to height of postgenal bridge which coricaeous centrally, with vertical parallel numerous wrinkles; hypostomal carina emarginate, postgenal sulcus indistinct between numerous wrinkles. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, as long as head+mesosoma; pedicel nearly 2.25 times shorter than scape, longer than broad, F1 2.1 times as long as pedicel, F1= F2, F3 1.3 times shorter than F2, from F4 all subsequent flagellomeres slightly shorter; F12 slightly longer than F11; placoid sensillae on F3– F12, in numerous rows, absent on F1–F2.

FIGURES 31–35. Andricus bakrachus, new species, asexual female: 31–34, head: 31, anterior view, 32, lateral view, 33, posterior view, 34, dorsal view. 35, antenna.

Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view; with uniform, dense white setae. Pronotum uniformly delicately coriaceous, with uniform dense white setae and some punctures in laterodorsal part. Anterior rim of pronotum narrow, emarginated, black; propleuron delicately coriaceous, with white dense setae, strongly concave in mediocentral part and entirely black. Mesoscutum longer than broad (width measured across base of tegulae); uniformly reticulate. Notauli distinct, complete, reaching pronotum, well-impressed; median mesoscutal line hardly traceable, present in a form of short triangle; anterior parallel lines distinct, extending to 2/3 of mesoscutum length; parapsidal line indicates by smooth glabrous stripes. Mesoscutellum shiny, smooth with dull irregular

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 251 striae, delicately uniformly coriaceous in the anterior median part, rounded, nearly as broad as long, very slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar fovea transversely ovate, 2.1 times as broad as high,with reticulate bottom, separated by elevated triangular median carina. Mesopleuron uniformly smooth, shiny, with uniform dense white setae; mesopleural triangle uniformly delicately coriaceous, both with dense white setae, hidden the surface sculpture. Metapleural sulcus distinct, delimiting area with very dense white setae, reach mesopleuron in its half height; preaxilla coriaceous; dorsoaxillar and lateral axillar areas delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae; axillar carina broad, smooth, shiny with longitudinal striae; axillula slightly ovate, with very dense white setae hidden sculpture; subaxillular bar smooth, shiny, as high as height of metanotal trough. Metascutellum black, delicately coriaceous, nearly 2.5 times as high as height of smooth, shiny ventral impressed area. Lateral propodeal carinae subparallel, delimiting smooth black central area with few delicate irregular wrinkles, with dense white setae along lateral carinae only; lateral propodeal area uniformly coriaceous, with very dense white setae; nucha very short, without striae dorsally, with some longitudinal wrinkles laterally.

FIGURES 36–40. Andricus bakrachus, new species, asexual female: 36, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 37, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 38, mesosoma, lateral view, 39, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 40, metasoma, part, lateral view.

Forewing longer than body, with dark brown veins, margin with dense, short cilia; radial cell 3.6 times as long as broad, R1 and Rs nearly reach wing margin; Rs+M distinct in distal 3/4, its projection reach basalis at half height, areolet large, triangular, well-delimited. Anterior surface of fore tibia with long oblique setae. Tarsal claws with strong acute, deep basal lobe. Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly higher than long in lateral view, smooth, shiny. All metasomal tergites with very dense white setae laterally, which absent dorsally on tergites 2 and 3; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium slender, needle-like, around 4.3 times longer than broad, with two ventral rows of dense setae directed downwards. Body length 5.1 mm (n=1). Gall (Figs 41–44). A monolocular gall, found mainly on apical buds of host plant, 4–6 mm in diameter and 5– 7 mm in height. Gall is narrowed at the tip and become broaden through the apex. Disc-like upper surface with a navel-like center. Biology. Only the asexual females are known to induce galls on Quercus infectoria and Q. petraea. The gall

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 253 develops through the summer and mature in the late October and beginning of September. Wasps emerged from the gall on 28 September 2012. Comments. The mitochondrial Cytb gene sequence (in different parts) most closely resembles that of A. kollari (query cover 99%, max. identity 90%, accession # AF242753.1); A. corruptrix (query cover 99%, max. identity 90%, accession # DQ217992.1) and A. truncicolus (query cover 99%, max. identity 90%, accession # DQ218002.1). Distribution. Currently known from the vicinities of Çanakkale, Manisa, Adıyaman, Elazığ and Tunceli citites of Turkey.

Andricus turcicus Melika, Mutun & Dinç, new species Figs 45–54, 55–58

Type material: HOLOTYPE female: TURKEY, Manisa Demirtaş Village, N 39° 260.82´, E 27° 892.89´, 413 m. a.s.l. ex Q.infectoria; leg. S. Mutun & S. Dinç, coll. 21. 09.2012. PARATYPES: 1 female with the same labels as the holotype. The holotype is deposited at the PHMB, 1 paratype at the AIBU collection. Material examined. Three galls were colllected from Adıyaman Güneykaş Village, N 37° 752.12´, E 37° 847.11´, 742 m a.s.l. 15. 09.2012; 2 galls—from Adıyaman Yukarıçöplü Village, N 37° 765.16´, E 37° 719.31´, 870 m a.s.l., 15. 09.2012; 4 galls—from Adıyaman Yarbaşı Village, N 37° 772.87´, E 37° 684.76´, 905 m a.s.l., 15. 09.2012; 2 galls—from Konya Yeşildağ, N 37° 549.39´, E 31° 462.94´, 1135 m a.s.l., 19. 09. 2012; 1 gall—from Manisa Demirtaş Village, N 39° 260.82´, E 27° 892.89´, 413 mt, 21. 09.2012. Etymology. Named after the country, Turkey, where it was collected. Diagnosis. Andricus turcicus resembles A. truncicolus (Giraud) and A. megatruncicolus Melika. In A. turcicus the lower face is uniformly delicately coriaceous, without any striae; F2=F3; the malar space 0.2 times as long as height of eye, coriaceous, without striae; the mesoscutum uniformly and entirely reticulate; scutellar fovea transversely ovate, 2.2 times as broad as high, with delicately coriaceous bottom; the radial cell of the forewing 3.4 times as long as broad. In A. truncicolus the lower face is coriaceous, with striae radiating from clypeus and extending to 1/3 height of lower face; the malar space 0.4 times as long as height of eye, coriaceous, with numerous distinct strong striae radiating from clypeus and extending to half distance to lower edge of eye; F2 longer than F3; the mesoscutum coriaceous anteriorly and reticulate posteriorly in the internotauli area only, scutellar foveae nearly rounded, as broad as high, with shiny, smooth bottom; the radial cell of the forewing narrower, 4.8–5.0 times as long as broad. A. turcicus differs also from A. megatruncicolus: in A. turcicus the body predominantly black; OOL 2.1 times as long as LOL and 2.4 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; the diameter of the antennal torulus 3.4 times as long as the distance between them; the clypeus only slightly broader than high; the mesoscutum uniformly reticulate; the mesoscutellum delicately uniformly coriaceous; scutellar foveae are separated by a narrow median carina; the radial cell of the forewing only 3.4 times as long as broad while in A. megatruncicolus the body predominantly is reddish brown; OOL 2.8 times as long as LOL and 2.8 times as long as the length of the lateral ocellus; the diameter of the antennal torulus only 2.5 times as long as the distance between them; the clypeus at least 2.0 times as broad as high; the mesoscutum uniformly delicately coriaceous, with some distinct punctures in the anterior half; the mesoscutellum with more dull rugose sculpture along sides and more delicate on the disk center; scutellar foveae are separated by a broad delicately reticulate median carina; the radial cell of the forewing 4.0 times as long as broad. The gall, induced by this species, is unique in its shape and no other species known to induce galls like this. The outer shape of the gall resembles somewhat the Iranian shape of Andricus coriarius (Hartig) galls (Tavakoli et al. 2008, Fig. 166), however, its inner structure is absolutely different and it is a monolocular gall, while A. coriarius is multilocular. Based on the mitochondrial cytB gene sequence most closely resembles A. quercustozae and A. caputmedusae (see Comments below). Description. ASEXUAL female (holotype) (Figs 45–54). Head brown, occiput, ocelli and postgenal bridge black, with mandibles and stripe along attachment line of mandibles and oral foramen black. Antenna black. Pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, lateral propodeal area and metasoma brown; anterior rim of pronotum, propleura along sides, mesoscutum along anterior parallel lines with two black stripes

254 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. extending to 2/3 of mesoscutum length, scutellar foveae, metascutellum, metanotal trough, central propodeal area, mesosoma ventrally black. Coxae, trochanters, femurs brown, with dense white setae, tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black. Head, mesosoma and metasoma with uniformly very dense long white setae.

FIGURES 45–48. Andricus turcicus, new species, asexual female: 45–49, head: 45, anterior view, 46, lateral view, 47, posterior view, 48, dorsal view. 49, antenna.

Head delicately coriaceous, 2.4 times as broad as long from above, 1.4 times as broad as high in anterior view and narrower than width of mesosoma. Gena delicately coriaceous, broader than cross diameter of eye, strongly broadened behind eye, well visible in anterior view behind eye. Malar space short, coriaceous, without striae and malar sulcus, 0.2 times as long as height of eye. POL 1.2 times as long as OOL; OOL 2.1 times as long as LOL and 2.4 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, ocelli slightly ovate, black, equal in size and shape. Transfacial distance 1.3 times as long as height of eye and 1.8 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal torulus 3.4 times as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin nearly equal to diameter of torulus. Inner margins of eyes parallel. Lower face delicately coriaceous, with elevated median area and very dense setae. Clypeus coriaceous, rectangular, 1.3 times broader than high, with parallel sides, impressed, flat, ventrally straight, not emarginate, not incised medially, with distinct deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Frons delicately coriaceous, with shiny, glabrous impression under median ocellus. Vertex, and interocellar area uniformly delicately coriaceous; occiput with interrupted subparallel delicate wrinkles; postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, without surface sculpture, glabrous, shiny; postgena with piliferous points, densense setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below impressed; height of occipital foramen slightly longer than height of postgenal bridge which coricaeous centrally, with vertical parallel numerous wrinkles; hypostomal carina

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 255 emarginate, postgenal sulcus indistinct between numerous wrinkles. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel nearly 2.5 times shorter than scape, longer than broad, F1 2.3 times as long as pedicel, F1= F2, F3 slightly shorter than F2, from F4 all subsequent flagellomeres slightly shorter; F12 slightly longer than F11; placoid sensillae on F3–F12, in numerous rows, absent on F1–F2.

FIGURES 50–54. Andricus turcicus, new species, asexual female: 50, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 51, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 52, mesosoma, lateral view, 53, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 54, metasoma, part, lateral view.

Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view; with uniform, dense white setae. Pronotum uniformly delicately coriaceous, with uniform dense white setae. Anterior rim of pronotum narrow, blasck, emarginate; propleuron delicately coriaceous, with white dense setae, strongly concave in mediocentral part. Mesoscutum longer than broad (width measured across base of tegulae); reticulate, with dense setae. Notauli distinct, complete, reaching pronotum, well-impressed; median mesoscutal line hardly traceable, present in a form of short triangle; anterior parallel lines long, distinct, shiny, glabrous, extending to 2/3 length of mesoscutum; parapsidal line indicates by smooth glabrous stripes. Mesoscutellum delicately uniformly coriaceous, rounded, nearly as broad as long, very slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar fovea transversely ovate, 2.2 times as broad as high, with delicately coriaceous black bottom, separated with narrow elevated median carina. Mesopleuron, including speculum, and mesopleural triangle uniformly delicately coriaceous, both with dense white setae, hidden the surface sculpture. Metapleural sulcus distinct, delimiting area with very dense white setae, reach mesopleuron at its half height;

256 · Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press MELIKA ET AL. preaxilla coriaceous; dorsoaxillar and lateral axillar areas delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae; axillar carina broad, smooth, shiny with longitudinal striae; axillula slightly ovate, with very dense white setae hidden sculpture; subaxillular bar smooth, shiny, black. Metascutellum black, delicately coriaceous, nearly 2.2 times as high as height of smooth, shiny ventral impressed area. Lateral propodeal carinae subparallel, delimiting smooth black central area with some delicate irregular wrinkles, with very dense white setae along carinae; lateral propodeal area uniformly delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae; nucha very short, without striae dorsally, with some wrinkles laterally. Forewing longer than body, with dark brown veins, margin with dense, short cilia; radial cell 3.4 times as long as broad, R1 and Rs nearly reach wing margin; Rs+M distinct in distal 3/4, its projection reach basalis at half height, areolet large, triangular, well-delimited. Anterior surface of fore tibia with long oblique setae. Tarsal claws with strong acute, deep basal lobe. Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly higher than long in lateral view, smooth, shiny. All metasomal tergites with very dense white setae laterally, which absent dorsally on tergites 2 only; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium slender, needle-like, around 7.0 times longer than broad, with two ventral rows of dense setae directed downwards. Body length 4.7–5.1 mm (n=2).

FIGURES 55–58. Andricus turcicus, new species, gall: 55–56, mature gall, 57, gall with partially removed outer part, arrow showing the inner larval chamber, 58, outer parts of the gall.

NEW SPECIES OF OAK GALLWASP FROM TURKEY Zootaxa 3760 (2) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 257 Gall (Figs 55–58). Gall resembles Andricus truncicolus with patterned surface, monolocular inner chamber and similar coloration. On the other hand patterned plates consist of prickly protrusions and gives maze-like appearance. Gall develops over the branch of lateral and terminal buds, 9–11 mm in diameter, including the spines; in the center is the larval chamber. Galls have spiny extensions. Comments. The mitochondrial Cytb gene sequence most closely resembles that of A. truncicolus (query cover 95%, max. identity 97%, accession # DQ218002.1), A. curtisii (Müller) (query cover 95%, max. identity 96%, accession # AF539566.1) and A. hartigi (Hartig) (query cover 95%, max. identity 96%, accession # AJ228454.1). Biology. Only the asexual females are known to induce galls on Q. infectoria and Q. petraea, with preferring lateral branches. The gall develops through the summer and matures at the beginning of September and till late October. Our wasps emerged from galls at the beginning of September. Distribution. Currently known from the vicinities of Adıyaman, Konya and Manisa cities of Turkey.

Discussion

The phylogenetic relationships within the western Palaearctic Andricus species were studied on the basis of gall structures, adult morphology, and gene sequences and were divided into six clades: a) mayri–lucidus, b) kollari, c) coriarius, d) quercuscalicis, e) hartigi, and f) foecundatrix clade, and a few species (Andricus inflator Hartig, A. hystrix Kieffer, A. gallaeurnaeformis (Fonscolombe)) appeared to be nested on the tree away from the main Andricus clades (Stone & Cook 1998, Rokas et al. 2003, Melika 2006). On the basis of morphological peculiarities and cytB sequences the herein described as new species, Andricus anatolicus, belongs to the kollari clade of Andricus, showing that this species is falling into a subclade with A. kollari, A. corruptrix and others which was named as Adleria kollari group of species. Three other species, A. ahmeti, A. bakrachus and A. turcicus belong to the quercuscalicis clade (Rokas et al. 2003). Species which belong to the kollari and quercuscalicis clades have alternate generations and the sexual generations are known to associate with the Cerris section of oaks (Stone et al. 2008). Probably the herein described new species also might have a sexual generation which develops on Cerris section of oaks. However, this must be approved by further research.

Acknowledgments

Fieldwork was supported by a grant from the Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Project Unit (Project No: BAP 2011.03.01.381).

References

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