Journal of Paleontology, 91(3), 2017, p. 493–511 Copyright © 2017, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/16/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2016.155 Exceptionally preserved conodont apparatuses with giant elements from the Middle Ordovician Winneshiek Konservat-Lagerstätte, Iowa, USA Huaibao P. Liu,1 Stig M. Bergström,2 Brian J. Witzke,3 Derek E. G. Briggs,4 Robert M. McKay,1 and Annalisa Ferretti5 1Iowa Geological Survey, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, 340 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA 〈
[email protected]〉; 〈
[email protected]〉 2School of Earth Sciences, Division of Earth History, The Ohio State University, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA 〈
[email protected]〉 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA 〈
[email protected]〉 4Department of Geology and Geophysics, and Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 〈
[email protected]〉 5Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy 〈
[email protected]〉 Abstract.—Considerable numbers of exceptionally preserved conodont apparatuses with hyaline elements are present in the middle-upper Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician, Whiterockian) Winneshiek Konservat-Lagerstätte in northeastern Iowa. These fossils, which are associated with a restricted biota including other conodonts, occur in fine-grained clastic sediments deposited in a meteorite impact crater. Among these conodont apparatuses, the com- mon ones are identified as Archeognathus primus Cullison, 1938 and Iowagnathus grandis new genus new species. The 6-element apparatus of A.