INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Order Number 8726589 Conodont biostratigraphy, correlation, and depositional environments of Middle Ordovician rocks in Oklahoma Bauer, Jeffrey A., Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1987 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark . 1. Glossy photographs or pages ^ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print ______ 3. Photographs with dark background. _y 4. Illustrations are poor copy ______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page _______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages _______ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements _____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print ______ 11. Page(s) ____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ____ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received _________ 16. Other____________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, CORRELATION, AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ROCKS IN OKLAHOMA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jeffrey A. Bauer, B.S., M.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1987 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Walter C. Sweet, Chairman Dr. Stig M. Bergstrom Adviser Dr. Lawrence A. Krissek Department of Geology and Mineralogy Dr. Peter-Noel Webb ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to Dr. Walter C. Sweet, who supervised this project and served as my adviser for the past six years. His influence on my life and career has gone far beyond that of an adviser. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Stig M. Bergstr'dm for his assistance and support, to Dr. Peter Webb for serving on my dissertation committee and providing constructive criticism, to Dr. James W. Collinson for his helpful comments and guidance, to Anthony Leonard! for his help with the scanning electron microscope, to Dr. Thomas W. Amsden for his encouragement and support of this project, to Dr. Robert 0. Fay for field assistance, and to Dr. Charles Mankin for allowing me access to cores and other property of the Oklahoma Geological Survey. Financial support from Shell and ARCO helped to offset expenses involved in my research. I would like to make special mention of the sacrifice of Dr. Lawrence A. Krissek, who, on short notice, substituted for Dr. Collinson on my reading committee and contributed much to the final version of this dissertation. The completion of this project would not have been possible without the love and support of my wife, Jeril, my ii daughter, Jeanette, and my parents, Walter and Amelia. I send my most special thanks to them for their many sacrifices. iii VITA July 13» 1959 ..................... Born - Lorain, Ohio August 1981 ............... ,..... B.S., Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 1982/83 ........... ........ ...... AMOCO Fellow August 1983 ...................... M.S., The Ohio State University 1984/85 .......................... Shell Fellow PUBLICATIONS 1987. Conodonts and conodont biostratigraphy of McLish and Tulip Creek formations (Middle Ordovician), south- central Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 141, 58 p. 1986. Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian-Mohawkian) evolution of Phragmodus and Plectodina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 18:211. 1985. Correlation and subsurface distribution of Ordovician rocks in the Arkoma Basin of Oklahoma. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 17:150. iv 1985. Conodont biostratigraphy and correlation of the Tyner Formation (Middle Ordovician), eastern Oklahoma. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 17:79. 1984. Conodont biostratigraphy of the McLish and Tulip Creek formations of south-central Oklahoma. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 16:24. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................ii VITA.........................................................iv LIST OF TABLES............................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES........................................... xii PREFACE.......................................................1 CHAPTER PAGE I. CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE BURGEN, TYNER, AND FITE FORMATIONS, NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA................... 3 Introduction............................................3 Methodology.............................................3 Lithostratigraphy...................................... 8 Previous studies.................................... 8 Burgen Sandstone....................................8 Tyner Formation.......... 9 Fite Formation..................................... 17 Paleoenvironments................. 22 Burgen-middle Tyner............................... 22 Upper Tyner-Fite...................................22 Biostratigraphy....................................... 23 Previous studies...................................23 vi Conodont fauna.................................... 24 Conodont Association I ............................ 28 Conodont Association II........................... 28 Conodont Association III.......................... 29 Correlation..................... - ....................30 Upper Burgen to middle Tyner..................... 30 Upper Tyner-Fite...................................31 Conodont Paleoecology................................ 32 Systematic Paleontology.............................. 34 References.............................................76 II. CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, CONODONT-BASED GRAPHIC CORRELATION, AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE UPPER SIMPSON GROUP, ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS, SOUTH-CENTRAL OKLAHOMA.............................. 83 Introduction.......................................... 83 Paleogeography................ 84 Stratigraphy.......................................... 93 Previous studies...................................93 Upper Simpson Group............................... 94 Measured Sections..................................... 95 Methodology......... 96 Lithostratigraphy. ................................ 98 Introduction.............. 98 Depositional models.............................. 100 Section 83JD/JE...................................103 vii McLish Formation, section 83JD.................. 110 Shoreface Lithofacies.......................... 110 Transitional-zone Lithofacies................. 110 Storm-influenced Ramp Lithofacies.............114 Shelf Lithofacies.............................. 121 Shoal-complex Lithofacies......................125 Tulip Creek Formation, section 83JD.............126 Shoreface Lithofacies.......................... 126 Shelf Lithofacies.............................. 129 Bromide Formation, section 83JE................. 130 Lower Shoreface Lithofacies................... 130 Cystoid-shale Lithofacies......................131 Inner Shelf Lithofacies........................ 131 Basinal Lithofacies.................*..........132. Upper Gradational/Shelf-edge Biosparite Lithofacies..................................... 135 Diverse-fauna Biomicrite.......................135 Limited-fauna Biomicrite.......................136 McLish Formation, section 83JF.................. 140 Tidal-flat Lithofacies......................... 140 Bromide Formation, section 83JF................. 144 Shoreface Lithofacies.......................... 144 Undifferentiated Cystoid-shale and Inner Shelf Lithofacies..................................... 148 Diverse- and Limited-fauna Biomicrite........ 151 Burrowed Biomicrite Lithofacies............... 152 viii Birdseye Micrite Lithofacies.................. 155 Depositional History............ 156 Setting......... 156 Section 83JD/83JE.................................157 Section 83JF............................. 163 Biostratigraphy.....................................