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Conodont Stratigraphy of a Highly Tectonised Silurian-Devonian Section in the San Basilio Area (SE Sardinia, Italy)

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Conodont Stratigraphy of a Highly Tectonised Silurian-Devonian Section in the San Basilio Area (SE Sardinia, Italy) Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 40 (3), 2001 ISSN 0375-7633 Modena, Dicembre 2001 Conodont stratigraphy of a highly tectonised Silurian-Devonian section in the San Basilio area (SE Sardinia, Italy) Carlo CORRADINI F rancesco LEONE Alfredo Loi Enrico SERPAGLI Dipartimento del Museo di Paleobiologia Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Dipartimento del Museo di Paleobiologia e dell'Orto Botanico Universita di Cagliari e dell'Orto Botanico Universidt di Modena e Reggio Emilia Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia KEYWORDS- Conodonts, Biostratigraphy, Tectonics, Silurian, Devonian, SE Sardinia. ABSTRACT- Several conodont species belonging to five "late Silurian biozones (Ancoradella ploeckensis, Polygnathoides siluricus, Ozarkodina crispa, Ozarkodina remscheidensis, Oulodus elegans detortus) and four Early and Late Devonian biozones (delta, pesavis, kitabicus-excavatus and Late rhenana) allow a better interpretation of stratigraphy and tectonics of the San Basilio area in western Gerrei. Frasnian sediments are documented for the first time in SE Sardinia. RIASSUNTO- [Stratigrafia a conodonti di una sezione forremente tettonizzata di eta Siluriano-Devoniano nell'area di San Basilio (Sardegna SE)] - Grazie alla biostratigrafia a conodonti viene interpretata la complessa tettonica di una sezione nell'area di San Basilio (Sardegna sud-orientale) e viene ricostruita la successione originaria. Sono documentate cinque biozone a conodonti del Siluriano superiore (Ancoradella eioeckensis, Polygnathoides siluricus, Ozarkodina crispa, Ozarkodina remscheidensis, Oulodus elegans detortus), tre del Devoniano Injeriore (delta, pesavis e kitabicus-excavatus) una del Devoniano Superiore (Late rhenana). Vengono inoltre documentati per la prima volta sedimenti frasniani nel Sud-Est della Sardegna. INTRODUCTION Unit, as well as spilitic metabasites, are also present. The succession continues first with lyditic black In Sardinia, the Hercynian orogeny produced tec­ shales (LGS) and limestones (in "Ockerkalk" facies) tonic nappes which were thrust towards the external of Silurian age, and again with black shales (UGS) zone of the orogen, i.e. from north-east to south-west followed by nodular argillaceous limestones with in present-day geographical terms (Carmignani et al., dacryoconarids (Early-Middle Devonian). The upper 1982; 1992). These nap pes partly overlap the Devonian-lowermost Carboniferous sequence ends autochthonous Palaeozoic succession of Sulcis­ with pelagic limestones ( Clymeniae Limestones Auct.) lglesiente. They comprise several tectonic units made and the whole succession terminates with conglom­ up of sedimentary rocks (mainly terrigenous) that erates and siltstones related to a flysch complex of the were deposited between the Middle Cambrian (Barca Hercynian orogeny. More data on part of this et al., 1981) and the Early Carboniferous (Maxia, sequence have been recently reported by Barca et al. 1984; Barca, 1991). These tectonic units show differ­ (1995), Ferretti & Serpagli (1996), Corradini et al. ent degrees of metamorphism, from green schist to (1998, 2000 and in press). amphibolite facies (Di Simplicio et al., 1974). To point out that, whereas some lithostratigraph­ Silurian and Devonian fossiliferous rocks are ic units exist inside the Sarrabus unit, no official units quite widespread in south-eastern Sardinia, where have been up to now proposed for the Gerrei Unit. they belong to the Sarrabus Unit and the Gerrei Lower (LGS) and Upper Graptolitic Shales (UGS) Unit, the highest weakly metamorphic tectonic units and Ockerkalk are, in fact, facies~names and not offi­ of the Hercynian nappe belt of Sardinia. The cial lithostratigraphic units. Furthermore, in several Palaeozoic sequence of the Gerrei region is built up papers different names are used to name formations by a thick siliciclastic formation (San Vito and members, belonging to sub-tectonic units, which Sandstones) bearing Cambro-Tremadoc acritarchs are very often the same; this practice not only pro­ unconformably overlain ("Sarrabese unconformity") duce confusion, but also does not follow the recom­ by acid metavolcanites ("Porphyroids"), regarded mendations of the International Stratigraphic Guide pre-Caradoc in age. Caradoc-Ashgill fossiliferous (Hedberg, 1976; Salvador, 1994). sediments, consisting of conglomerates, arenites (mainly lithic greywackes and feldspatic greywackes) PREVIOUS DATA and siltstones, rest transgressively on the older metavolcanites. At the top of the sequence lime­ Published data available from the San Basilio area stones, partially or totally silicified in the Sarrabus are mostly by Naud (1979; 1982), Gnoli (1993), 316 C. CORRADINI et al. Gessa (1993) and Ferretti et al. (1998). Further data tectonic units, stressed their structural complexity were added by Loi (1988, unpublished master thesis). and described three sections (numbered 3, 4 and 5) In the first, mostly lithostratigraphic paper, Naud one of which (4) corresponds, more or less, to the (1979) proposed an upper Ordovician "fossiliferous" area investigated in detail in the present research. A guide-horizon (no formal lithostratigraphical units - late Silurian age was claimed by the author for some Rio Canoni shales). The only fossils he listed from levels on the basis of the conodont species Kockelella that level are two genera (Strophomena, Rostricellula?) variabilis and of an indefinite "Orthoceras" fauna. and two families (Rafinesquinae and Trigo­ More recent, mostly paleontological data are due nirhynchiidae) of brachiopods, few fragmentary and to Gnoli (1993), Gessa (1993) and Ferretti et al. indeterminate conodonts and an isolated coral where­ (1998). The first author recorded six nautiloid as the brachiopod ?Platystrophia, cystoids (Helio­ Silurian species, one of which ( Oonoceras potens) had crinites aff. rouvillei, Oocystis sp. and ?Corylocrinus sp., never been recorded in the rich, well known coeval ?Caryocystites sp.) have been reported from a different cephalopod fauna of western Sardinia. Gessa (1993) area by Helmcke (1972) and Helmcke & Koch recorded five species of dacryoconarids from different (197 4), respectively. levels within argillaceous limestones; one of that, left From the Rio Canoni shales cropping out in the in open nomenclature (Nowakia sp. A), has some Rio Canoni area, Loi (1988) discovered brachiopods analogies with two Emsian species. A conodont (Nicolella actoniae, Svobodaina ellipsoides, Svobodaina fauna, newly discovered from the late Ordovician sec­ sp., Longvillia mediterranea, Onniella sp., Howellites tion Cea Brabetza (Ferretti et al., 1998), is the latest sp., Leptaena sp.), gastropods and an unassigned trilo­ biostratigraphic contribution to San Basilio area. bite pygidium. The Rio Canoni shales are, therefore, In conclusion, very few sound biostratigraphic manifestly fossiliferous but the poor preservation has data were ur to now available from the Palaeozoic discouraged any detailed palaeontological study. sediments o the San Basilio area and, therefore, one In a second paper, Naud (1982) proposed six local of the purposes of the present paper is to combine all Ordovician informal unit including siltstones, Quaternary continental sediments ~ D ~ sandstones, calcarenites and rare volcanites Miocene conglomerates and arenaceous Pre -Caradocian volcanites "Porphyroids" ~ sediments [2] Studied section Siluro-Devonian informal unit including black Main cataclastic belts D shales and several types of limestones ~ Text-fig. 1 - Geological sketch map west of the village of San Basilio,- around the Cuccuru Fenugu 446 and Cuccuru Fenugu 462 hills, based on unpublished data of Loi (1988). The studied section is indicated by letters A-B and B-C. CONODONT STRATIGRAPHY OF A HIGHLY TECTONISED SILURJAN-DEVONIAN SECTION 317 new and unpublished information in order to Miocene improve the geological knowledge of the area. ~: :'. ".":J.:-5--sBFI ~m 1:::::::== SBF4 THE SAN BASILIO FENUGU SECTION 180 -;: --- ::_:_::S.: - SBF5 The studied section is exposed on the southern ~- ~- SBF6 slope of the 444 m high hill named Cuccuru Fenugu ~~-· 160 (as it appears on Carta Tecnica della Sardegna, at the -..-::::..3-::i 1:10,000 scale) almost 1600 m east-south-east of the s:: !:=~~~,.,..~=~ ---SBF7 San Basilio village (Text-fig. 1). 0 ~~~~:s---~-SBF7a The sequence of the rock ty£es, starting from the 14o =-== -= :- ~_..:::01 +- B > ~ ~---SBF8 base of the hill, is listed below (Text-fig. 2): Q) - upper Ordovician fossiliferous green-grey silt­ ~~~fri)J~H====SBF8-R _ - SBF9 0 l 1 stones (Rio Canoni shales) (Text-fig. 3a,b); 120 _L _(_ .1 ::z highly tectonised (cataclasites) black shales with ~---~------SBFIO lydites (early Silurian?) (about 22 m); about 20 m of marly claystones and subordinated bioclastic marly limestones and grey-bluish lime­ 100 [Gi~~~~~:-i--~·• stones with dacryoconarids (sample SBF 13, • Frasnian; Text-fig. 3e). -f§-i §::~;;:;-~-p;_;~::;=~~5---- : =~:::~: highly tectonized (cataclasites) green-grey shales ~~~~~"-------SBFII (about 10 m); 80 t--'-,-"'--.-.l,--{ "Ockerkalk'' -type facies limestones (samples SBF ~~~@:-----SBFlla 12, SBF lla and SBF 11) (22 m); most of the -------SBF12 nautiloids reported by Gnoli (1993) were collect­ 60 i• ""-"' .•vJ ed from this interval; ~~~\ narrow cataclastic belt; ---· thick sequence (20 m) of calcareous levels (sam­ ----· 40 ples SBF 1Ob and SBF 1Oa) with grey-green clay­ ---•-SBF13 stones interbedded bearing dacryoconarids, crinoid stems and lobolithes, and rare phacopid trilobites (Text-fig. 3d,
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