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On Stealthy Wings

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On Stealthy Wings The B-2 is built for penetration. It will be a while before a Soviet long-range radar is good enough to detect it. On Stealthy Wings BY JEFFREY P. RHODES AERONAUTICS EDITOR HE Air Force has removed limited to 500 invited guests (includ- T some of the secrecy that had ing thirteen members of Congress), veiled the Northrop B-2 Stealth approximately 2,000 employees of bomber. In ceremonies at Palmdale, Northrop and its subcontractors Calif., on November 22, the rollout who work at Air Force Plant 42 of the B-2 gave the public its first (many of whom had not seen the look at the flying wing, which has completed airplane), and sixty rep- been in development for nearly ten resentatives from the media. Two years. hundred plant and Air Force securi- Air Force Secretary Edward C. ty guards, some tending police dogs Aldridge, Jr., one of the principal around the aircraft, were present. speakers at the ceremony, said that The ceremonies were beamed live the B-2 "represents a stabilizing via satellite TV to other Northrop and system in time of crisis and [is] an subcontractor plants, as well as to essential component of our strategic several Air Force organizations that nuclear force as we progress down have already played, or will play, a the path of nuclear arms reduc- part in the B-2's development. tions" and that the bomber "would Fifteenth Air Force band played promote deterrence." an original composition titled The Secretary explained that the "Stealth Fanfare" as the gray-and- aircraft will begin flying soon and black airplane was towed out of its that, since "we are not just going to hangar. Guests were kept almost fly [the B-2] at night or in remote lo- 200 feet away and were not allowed cations," the supersecret bomber to see the aft end of the B-2. The aft would have been seen anyway. An- end incorporates features that mask other, unspoken, reason for the roll- the plane's infrared (or heat) sig- out was to show Congress and the nature and help it avoid detection by public what they're getting for their enemy radar. money. Security was tight, as many de- Knowns and Unknowns tails about the program are still clas- "This aircraft combines all the sified. Attendance at the rollout was best attributes of a penetrating AIR FORCE Magazine / February 1989 43 bomber—long range, efficient The B-2, which looks something Beams that do find the B-2 will be cruise, heavy payload, all-altitude like a manta ray, has a wingspan of absorbed by the aircraft's structure penetration capability, accurate de- approximately 172 feet. It is roughly of what is believed to be carbon livery, and reliability and maintain- sixty-nine feet long and seventeen fiber or other composite materials. ability," said Air Force Chief of feet high. "The airplane is not invisible," Staff Gen. Larry D. Welch, who The B-2's wingspan, interesting- noted Secretary Aldridge. "It's just was also one of the speakers at the ly, is the same as that of the Air that radars can't see it until it's at ceremony. "Added to that is the Force's first flying wings, the Nor- close range. And we don't antici- greatly enhanced effectiveness and throp XB-35 and YB-49. These air- pate the Soviets developing a [long- versatility provided by its Stealth craft, which first flew in 1946 and range radar] system in the near fu- characteristics." 1947, were regarded as ahead of ture that will be able to see it. The The B-2 will have a crew of only their time. Both encountered many B-2 has a very low [radar cross sec- two, but there are provisions for a problems in flight. Only a handful of tion] that will allow it to get to any third crew member if needed "for these planes was built, and both target it needs to." Those targets whatever reasons," said Secretary YB-49 prototypes eventually include mobile missiles and high- Aldridge. The cockpit is believed to crashed. The B-2 is longer (by six- value command and control cen- have flat-panel displays and is teen feet) than the earlier flying ters. thought to be controlled by fighter- wings. The airplane has an in-flight re- type sticks, rather than yokes or The B-2's four engines are Gener- fueling receptacle. The flying wing wheels. al Electric F118-GE-100s, nonafter- shape is very fuel-efficient, how- All weapons carriage will be inter- burning derivatives of the F110 used ever, so the B-2 will need less tanker nal, with the stores attached to the in the Air Force's F-16 and the support than B-52s or B-lBs do. Ex- Boeing-built advanced applications Navy's F- 14A (Plus) and F- 14D air- perts have estimated the unrefueled rotary launcher. Elimination of ex- craft. The engine is in the 19,000- range of the B-2 at between 6,000 ternal carriage will greatly reduce pound-thrust class. The B-2 will be and 7,500 nautical miles. drag and will also improve the B-2's subsonic. The absence of a super- Although guests at the rollout ability to avoid radar detection. The sonic "footprint" will enhance its were prohibited from viewing the plane's primary payload will be nu- ability to slip into a target area un- B-2's aft end, Aviation Week maga- clear weapons (missiles and/or grav- noticed. zine enterprisingly obtained aerial ity bombs), but the B-2 will have a The B-2's main aids in avoiding photographs without the Air conventional capability. The weap- detection are its shape and the ma- Force's cooperation. These photos ons payload is classified, but is terials it is made of. Since the B-2 show the trailing edges of the saw- known to be less than the 134,000- has no sharp edges or vertical sur- toothed wing to be fitted with long pound designed payload of the faces exposed during flight, radar control surfaces that could act as B-1B. beams have nothing to bounce off. elevons (elevator/ailerons) or flap- 44 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 1989 erons (flap/ailerons) for directional vanced Systems Co., LTV Aircraft ity. Crew chiefs and line mainte- and lift control. Products Group, and General Elec- nance troops were consulted about Asked if the plane made use of tric's Engine Group). access to components, and Air "fly-by-light," or fiber-optic control The other major subcontractors Force Logistics Command officials linkages, which are impervious to (Link Flight Simulation Corp., provided input on sustainability. electromagnetic interference, Sec- Hughes Radar Systems Group, and retary Aldridge replied with an em- Boeing Military Airplane Co.) and Eliminating Contrails phatic, "I'm not going to answer more than forty known subcontrac- The B-2 was originally conceived that." The B-2's huge main landing tors (see box, p. 46) were also in as a high-altitude bomber, and that gear doors may also function as an constant contact with Northrop. created the problem of eliminating empennage and provide some later- The network resulted in a ninety- contrails, which would give the air- al stability for the aircraft, especial- seven percent success rate for first- plane's position away to mankind's ly in crosswind takeoffs and land- time fit of tubing, fluid systems, and oldest sensor—the human eye. ings. mechanical systems. This com- At the rollout, though, Secretary pares with a sixty percent success Aldridge announced that "the con- The B-2 Program rate for a conventional design pro- trail problem has been solved, but "The B-2 is the first computer-age cess. Northrop invested more than I'm not going to tell you how." Two airplane," said Thomas V. Jones, $1 billion in the system, which in- possible solutions: a fuel additive, Northrop's chairman of the board cludes 400 terminals and thirty or a baffle system on the rear of and chief executive officer, "but the computer graphics rooms at the the aircraft that mixes cold air with airplane wasn't built by computers. company's 3,300,000-square-foot the hot engine exhaust to eliminate The Northrop B-2 looks particularly sinister in this head-on shot, taken at the rollout ceremo- nies at Palmdale, Calif. The B-2's wingspan of approximately 172 feet is roughly thirteen feet shorter than that of a B-52. At sixty-nine feet long and seventeen feet high, the B-2 is about six feet longer than an F-15 and the same height as an FB-111. And computers didn't replace peo- Pico Rivera, Calif., facility (where the formation of the telltale vapor ple. Computers brought people to- the B-2 was designed and engi- trails. gether and gave them the tools they neered) alone. Sometime around 1983, a reas- needed to make the most of their The avionics system has already sessment of the threats the B-2 individual skills and imagination." been tested for 44,000 hours. Engi- would encounter resulted in a re- Indeed, the B-2 is the first aircraft neering development testing took design (mostly in the carry-through to be designed and built with a another 16,000 hours, and the flight- structure, where the wing halves three-dimensional integrated data- control system has logged 9,000 meet in the center of the aircraft and base. This computer network elec- hours on the test bench.
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