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Carcass and Meat Parameters in Cornigliese Sheep Breed As Affected by Sex and Age-Class

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Carcass and Meat Parameters in Cornigliese Sheep Breed As Affected by Sex and Age-Class Italian Journal of Animal Science ISSN: (Print) 1828-051X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjas20 Carcass and meat parameters in Cornigliese sheep breed as affected by sex and age-class Alberto Sabbioni, Valentino Beretti, Ernesto M. Zambini & Paola Superchi To cite this article: Alberto Sabbioni, Valentino Beretti, Ernesto M. Zambini & Paola Superchi (2016) Carcass and meat parameters in Cornigliese sheep breed as affected by sex and age-class, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 15:1, 2-9, DOI: 10.1080/1828051X.2015.1130201 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2015.1130201 © 2016 The Author(s). Published online: 10 Mar 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 401 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjas20 Download by: [177.140.104.6] Date: 04 August 2017, At: 04:55 ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 2016 VOL. 15, NO. 1, 2–9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2015.1130201 PAPER Carcass and meat parameters in Cornigliese sheep breed as affected by sex and age-class Alberto Sabbioni, Valentino Beretti, Ernesto M. Zambini and Paola Superchi Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY A total of 72 animals from Cornigliese sheep breed were reared under homogeneous conditions, Received 22 July 2015 with the aim to assess the effect of sex (males, females) and age-class (heavy lambs, adults) on Accepted 8 December 2015 carcass and meat parameters. A model with fixed effects of herd, sex, slaughtering session, age- class and interaction (sex*age-class) was used; for slaughter data, the carcass weight was used as KEYWORDS Cornigliese breed; carcass; a covariate. The age-class effect was significant for most of the carcass measurements, indicating meat; sheep a late development in animals. Also, slaughter performance was significantly affected by age- class, with higher values (p<0.05) of hot carcass yield shown by heavy lambs than by adults. Carcass compactness index was lower in heavy lambs than in adults (p<0.001), and the lowest value (0.283; p<0.05) appeared in female heavy lambs. The percentage of fat trimmings in car- cass and the tissue composition of sample cut were influenced by a significant interaction be- tween age-class and sex (p<0.05): in males the age-class never affected the tissue composition of sample cut, as in females the muscle and fat percentages increased with age while the bone per- centage decreased. The fat content of loin meat increased with age in females (p < 0.05) and decreased in males (p < 0.05). The poly-unsaturated fatty acids (FA) content of loin meat was higher in males than in females (p < 0.001), with saturated FA and mono-unsaturated FA reveal- ing significant interactions between age-class and sex (p < 0.05). In conclusion, future implemen- tation of genetic selection, oriented towards the improvement of meat production characteristics that are potentially present in the breed, is important. Introduction In Italy during 2014, the number of sheep reared per year was about 7 million (Eurostat Local breeds are important as a reservoir of genetic 2015a), producing approximately 27 000 tons of variability and as a source of income in the environ- meat (Eurostat 2015b). The percentage of self-suffi- ments, in which more productive cosmopolite breeds ciency is around 48%. In relation to the consumption have difficulty in being reared, because of their higher in other countries, the consumption of sheep meat in requirements and maintenance costs. In this context, it Italy is generally low (1.4 kg/person/year) (mean of Downloaded by [177.140.104.6] at 04:55 04 August 2017 is necessary that the production of local breeds is ana- Greece: 10.2 kg; mean of EU: 2.4 kg) (Faravelli & Basile lysed and known, so that it can be properly exploited 2010) and is especially concentrated during the peri- and can provide an economic return for farmers. ods of Christmas and Easter (53% of slaughtering are Therefore, an exhaustive overview on breed character- in March, April and December). The main commercial istics and product quality represents the starting point category is the light lamb (80.8% of slaughtered ani- for the development of and the adherence to a preser- mals), followed by heavy lambs and castrated lambs vation program (Verrier et al. 2005; Canali 2006; Lauvie (9.7%) and adult males and females (9.5%). Over the et al. 2011). Aside from having a main role as a food past years, the number of light lambs consumed source, local breeds also provide non-food benefits, remained stable, while the number of heavy lambs such as grazing in areas that are unsuitable for crop tended production, maintaining the landscape (grazing activity, to increase (Faravelli & Basile 2010), probably due to thus reducing the risk of fire and increasing the lower price point. Most heavy lamb carcasses are wildlife biodiversity), and providing animal hair for the imported from foreign countries, but it would be inter- production of fibers (Gregory et al. 2010; Barnes et al. esting to utilise the local breeds, to meet the require- 2012). ments of the market. CONTACT Prof. Alberto Sabbioni [email protected] Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy ß 2016 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 3 On the basis of these premises, we are interested in the hill-mountain area (fully open air throughout the deepening the knowledge on Cornigliese sheep, an au- day during spring, summer, and autumn and in tochthonous breed reared in the Emilia-Romagna re- closed facilities during winter) in four medium to gion (northern Italy). The breed is used for the large size herds (flocks of 50–200 heads), located at production of meat and it offers the potential for a 600–800 m altitude. The lambing season of the breed project of restoration and preservation. The total num- is typically from October to February. The suckling ber of individuals in Cornigliese breed dropped down period lasted, on average, at two-three months of in the 1990s to 50 head (Food and Agriculture age, in correspondence with the natural drying off of Organization 1994), but in the last years it recovered ewes. Animals grazed on natural meadow grass pas- to 1035 (Cecchini 2006) and recently, 2013, to 1582 tures from spring to autumn (mean 6 SD of monthly (ASSONAPA 2014a). The increasing number of individu- samplings from each herd: 8.7 6 2.4% crude protein, als was a result of following a strong policy set by in- 51.1 6 8.7% NDF, 27.5 6 4.8% ADF, 3.2 6 1.2% ADL stitutional authorities aimed at the preservation of and 20.0 6 7.7% NSC, on d.m.) and were fed grass biodiversity. The regulations were financially supported hay (10% crude protein, 51% NDF, 27% ADF, 2.5% by the allocation of funds for the maintenance of the ADL and 20% NSC, on d.m.) given ad libitum during breed and for studying the characteristics of its meat winter (Association of Official Analytical Chemists (Sabbioni et al. 2013; Ceccobelli et al. 2015). Apart 1990; Van Soest et al. 1991). A limited supply of a from meat production, which is the main objective of commercial concentrate (0.2–0.4 kg/head/day, in rela- rearing this breed (Beretti et al. 2006), as well as that tion to body weight), with 17.5% crude protein, 4% of the wool (Beretti et al. 2004), the production of milk crude fat, 8.5% ash, 25% NDF, 12.5% ADF, 2.5% ADL, is quite interesting in terms of quantity (ASSONAPA was used from weaning to slaughter and during lac- 2014b) and quality (Franceschi et al. 2006). In the last tation of ewes. Slaughter took place during three dif- centuries, the breed was strongly crossed with other ferent sessions, in November, March and May, that is breeds (Spanish Merino during the nineteenth century the period, as previously stated, in which the con- and Bergamasca during the twentieth century). A re- sumption of sheep meat is higher; animals to be cent study, using 29 microsatellite markers, was carried slaughtered were chosen at each session within all out to investigate the genetic variability in the herds in a balanced way, and represented, for each Cornigliese breed, confirming the historical information session, all interactions between sex and age-class. about its origin, with Bergamasca, Appenninica, On the day of slaughter, a truck loaded in all herds Spanish Merino breeds and Spanish Palmera breeds as the animals and transported them to the slaughter- an outbreed (Ceccobelli et al. 2015), but the authors house. The maximum distance from the farms was concluded that today it can be considered a well- 40 km. After their arrival at the slaughterhouse, the defined breed. time of housing and fasting lasted later than 3 hours. The aim of this study was to describe some traits related to carcass and meat production and quality in Measures Downloaded by [177.140.104.6] at 04:55 04 August 2017 the Cornigliese sheep breed. Before slaughtering, body weight (BW) was recorded with the use of a dynamometer (model CCS-300K, Materials and methods UWE, Taiwan).
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