Urban Water Supply Project: Pursat Subproject (Expansion

Environmental Due Diligence Report

Project Number: 41403-013

November 2019

Cambodia: Urban Water Supply Project ‒ Pursat Subproject (Expansion)

Prepared by the Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology & Innovation for the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... i LIST OF TABLES ...... i LIST OF FIGURES ...... i ABBREVIATIONS ...... ii UNITS ...... iii I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 5 A. Site Visit ...... 5 B. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist and Categorization ...... 6 C. Description of Surrounding Environment ...... 6 IV. GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 7 V. EXISTING FACILITIES AUDIT ...... 9 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 10 A. Review of Impacts ...... 10 B. Institutional Arrangements ...... 16 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 18 VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ...... 20 A. Public Consultation ...... 20 B. Disclosure ...... 20 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 20 IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 21 A. Conclusions ...... 21 B. Recommendations ...... 22 Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ...... 23

LIST OF TABLES

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Table 1: Name of Villages and Proposed Lengths of Secondary and Tertiary Pipelines .... 3 Table 2: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 11 Table 3: Roles and Responsibilities ...... 18 Table 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan...... 19

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure 1: Proposed Distribution Expansion ...... 4

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank AP : Affected Person CAP : Corrective Action Plan CC : Construction Contractor CEMO : Contractor Environmental Management Officer CEMP : Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CMP : Construction Management Plan DBST : Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DDE : Detail Design Engineering DDR : Due Diligence Report DEIA : Department of Environmental Impact Assessment DOE : Department of Environment DPWT : Department of Public Works and Transport DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMAP : Environmental Management Action Plan EMoP : Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP : Environmental Management Plan ES : Environmental Specialist GDPWS : General Department of Potable Water Supply GOC : Government of Cambodia GRC : Grievance Redress Committee GRM : Grievance Redress Mechanism MIH : Ministry of Industry and Handicraft MOE : Ministry of Environment NES : National Environmental Specialist NGO : Non-Government Organization NR : National Road OHS : Occupational, Health and Safety PDOE : Provincial Department of Environment PE : Polythylene Pipes PEMO : PMU Environmental Management Plan PIA : Project Implementation Assistance PIAC : Project Implementation Assistance Consultant PIU : Project Implementation Unit PMU : Project Management Unit PPE : Personal protective equipment PSMO : PMU Safeguard Management Officer PWW : Provincial Water Works REA : Rapid Environmental Assessment (Checklist) RGC : Royal Government of Cambodia RP : Resettlement Plan SPS : Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) SOP : Standard Operation Procedure UWSP : Urban Water Supply Project UXO : Unexploded ordnance

UNITS cm : centimeter dBA : decibels km : kilometer kW : kilowatt m : meter m3/day : cubic meter per day mm : millimeter ROW : right of way  : diameter % : percent

iii

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) – Cambodia is an ongoing undertaking funded through loan by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) which aims to improve water supply infrastructure and services in selected provincial Water Works. The project consists of four main outputs, namely: • Output 1: Improvement of water supply systems in seven towns; • Output 2: New water supply system for Stung Treng; • Output 3: Expansion of water supply coverage in Siemreap; and • Output 4: Project implementation support.

2. One intake pump with a capacity of 55kW and an additional pipe laying in some parts of Pursat Municipality and Kandieng District of Pursat province were completed in 2019. On the pipe laying works, Pursat Provincial Water Works (PWW) is currently proposing to expand the distribution network for another 15,500m to supply 602 households living in Pursat Municipality, Dandieng District and Bakan District by 2023.

3. The Project is classified as a Category C Project according to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) (2009). Environmental impacts are generally minor for the Pursat sub-project. Additional pipe laying works will be undertaken within the right of ways (ROWs). A due diligence review has been prepared for the subproject.

II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION

4. Pursat is located in western part of the country along National Road (NR) No. 5, about 174km north west of Phnom Penh. Water source of Pursat water supply system is Pursat stream bisects the province, running from the Cardamoms in the west to the Tonle Sap in the east. Water level in the stream is about 5-8m in depth during rainy season and is about 1-2m in depth during dry season. It is important to note that there is no record of water shortage in both seasons in the stream. At intake point of the supply system, there are two water intake heads – low and medium levels – to adjust to the level of water in both seasons. The raw water will be pumped by two vertical pumps (55kW each and the remaining one is on standby) and treated in a conventional water treatment plant before it is distributed to final consumers.

5. After completion of installation of items requested in previous proposal including: one intake pump and pipe laying works in some parts of Pursat Municipality and Kandieng District in 2019, Pursat Provincial Water Works would like to propose some additional expansion works since the recently completed works have not met people demand as well as the goal of the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft (MIH) and the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) as whole that aim to supply clean water to people up to 90% in 2023 and 100% in 2025. In addition, most of urban areas have already been equipped with DBST roads, except water supply that has not reached people living in those areas yet.

6. The proposed extension lines cover 10 villages in 6 communes/ Sangkat of 3 districts/ Municipalities of Pursat province with a total length of 15,500m (Table 1 and Figure 1). Pursat Provincial Water Works also requests for 602 water meters. With this proposed expansion line, it is expected that 602 households will be benefited from this expansion, all of which are badly in need of clean water. The proposed expansion lines are within Pursat Provincial Water Works service coverage areas and have enough water pressure at the end of existing secondary pipelines to further distribute to final consumers through tertiary pipeline.

Table 1: Name of Villages and Proposed Lengths of Secondary and Tertiary Pipelines

No. Village Commune/Sangkat District/Municipality Diameter Pressure No. of Household Length 1 Sala Kumru (north of Pursat Prey Nhi Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ63mm 1.50bar 70 2,000 Municipality + north of bowl roundabout) 2 Tuol Mkak (south of bowl Roleab Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 27 1,700 roundabout) 3 Prey Aomal (south of bowl Roleab Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 33 1,200 roundabout) 4 Krang Pophleak Svay At Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ110mm 1.30ba 42 1,200 5 Andoung Sambuor Snam Preah Bakan District PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 30 600 Commune 6 Snam Preah Snam Preah Bakan District PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 49 800 Commune 7 Araen Snam Preah Bakan District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 55 1,500 Commune 8 Ta Sdei Veal Commune Kandieng District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 132 3,500 9 Kandieng Knong Kandieng Commune Kandieng District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 63 1,000 10 Kaev Chey Kandieng Commune Kandieng District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 101 2,000 Total 10 6 3 602 15,500m Source: Pursat Provincial Water Works, 13 November 2019

Figure 1: Proposed Distribution Expansion Source: Pursat Provincial Water Works, 13 November 2019

Kandieng District

Pursat Municipal Hall

Note Existing line Proposed line

III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Site Visit

7. The environmental team conducted a site visit of the Pursat Water Treatment Plant facilities and proposed extension lines on 7 November 2019 and interviewed the director and his technical staffs of the water works. Good experiences, issues and solutions from previous works as well as ongoing constraints faced by the water works were noted during the interview. The team conducted a site inspection within the plant boundary, both inside and outside of buildings, and visited various locations of proposed expansion lines on the same day. The documentation is shown below.

Pursat River, physically it appears Visit at the water intake facility of Pursat moderately turbid during the site visit on Water Suppy Facility Nov. 7, 2019. It could be attributed to surface run-off brought by rain

Newly installed pump Meeting of MIH-PMU, PIU and PIAC

WTP Facility of Pursat

Pipeline will traverse this location PMU, PIU and PIAC on a site visit in the proposed project area

Location where the existing secondary Stream as alternate source of water during pipe ends. Proposed extension starts at summer, however, it turns more polluted as this point domestic waste from residential areas are conveyed directly to this water body

B. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist and Categorization

8. Based on discussions with the PMU, PIU, onsite inspection and prior knowledge of the surrounding area, the rapid environmental assessment checklist (REA Checklist) was completed and is found in Appendix 1. Further, an audit was conducted of the existing water supply network and existing facilities to determine the presence of discarded and unused chemicals, waste oil, and other materials that pose a hazard to human health and environment to determine if a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) is needed (SPS Appendix 1, Paragraph 10).

C. Description of Surrounding Environment

9. The proposed expansion lines situate within residential and the water works’ service areas. They will directly connect to the existing pipelines and be undertaken within ROWs, which are determined by the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT), of three Districts/Municipality of Pursat province (Table 1 and Figure 1). Therefore, it is strongly believed that no potential presence of unexplored

ordinance (UXO) and mines are expected. In addition, most of the roads of the proposed expansion lines are DBST roads.

10. The current water sources of the people living along the proposed expansion lines are either borehole, pond, or nearby small stream. The stream’s water in Veal and Kandieng Communes of Kandieng District is unclean in both seasons – rainy and dry seasons – because it has been mixed by sewage water drained from Pursat Municipality. People living along the proposed expansion lines express their eager need of clean water supply.

IV. GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT

11. The proposed expansion lines will be taken place within ROWs and the water works service areas. Therefore, adverse impact on environmental resources along the project routes might not occur. However, some minimal impacts caused by pipe laying works are listed bellows: • Damage to existing community structures and facilities. • Dust and air emissions from soil excavation and movement of vehicles. • Noise disturbance. • Generation of excavated soil and other construction debris. • Hazards to workers. • Risks to community health and safety. • Traffic congestion.

12. The following mitigation measures are proposed to mitigate these potential impacts.

13. Damage to community facilities. The installation of water supply distribution lines will be along public roadsides within semi-urbanized areas. This is the main item of work, along with valves, fittings, installation of service connections and meters for homes and businesses, and other accessories needed to complete the pipeline installation. To mitigate this impact, the following mitigation measures will be applied: • Before the commencement of construction activities, PIU shall consult in advance of works with affected persons where houses, driveways and other structures will be affected. All damage will be restored to pre-project conditions. The cost of restoration will be covered by the Contractor. • Coordinate with DPWT, local authorities, and owners of affected properties prior to commencement of pipe laying works. • The Contractor is required to repair structures that may be damaged such as roads, canals, driveways, and paths. Any damage to community structures will be restored at pre-project condition at the cost of the Contractor.

14. Worker health and safety. Workers may be exposed to risks to health and safety due to physical hazards, exposure to dust and noise, falling objects, and ergonomic injuries. Potential conflict with local people will occur if migrant workers will be brought to the site. To mitigate this impact, the following measures will be applied:

• PIU will require the Contractor to provide the basic safety and health protective measures for workers such as personal protective gear suitable to the type of work being performed. First aid kit will be available on call.

15. Dust and air emission. Wind-blown dust may be generated due to presence of loose soil and movement of vehicles at the work areas. To mitigate this impact, the following measures will be applied: • Cover and keep excavated soil and stockpiles moist. • Conduct water sprinkling in areas prone to airborne dust. • Cover materials for dug soil and stockpiles at the end of the day’s work. • Regularly clean and sweep dust and accumulated soil at roadsides at the end of the day’s work. • Maintain vehicles and equipment to ensure that emissions comply with the MOE’s standards. • Prohibit open burning of waste materials. • Instruct delivery trucks to cover materials with tarpaulin or other suitable materials during hauling of materials. • Impose speed limits on construction vehicles. • Regularly clean and sweep dust in the work area. • Inform and educate workers on the implementation of air emission and dust control measures.

16. Noise. There will be minimal noise to be generated during construction works except in areas where there is a need to break the concrete or asphalt pavement. Noise levels ranging from 82 to 88 dBA may be experienced in the areas at the distance of 15 to 30 meters from the source. To avoid nuisance to adjacent establishments, pavement breaking activities will not be undertaken at nighttime hours of 22:00 to 06:00.

17. Community health and safety. The laying of water pipes along existing roadsides will result to impacts to community health and safety, including traffic and restriction of community access. Distribution pipes will be installed under a variety of local conditions including along asphalt-concrete roads and along unpaved roads. To mitigate this impact, the following mitigation measures will be applied: • Pipes will be installed in the roadsides of paved roads to avoid cuts on road pavements. • Special precautions need to be taken in built up areas, for instance near schools, temples, and hospitals/health centers where there are sensitive receptors. • PIU will require the Contractor to follow the existing Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on pipe installation. These measures include the following: - Minimize the period of time that an excavation segment is kept open by not allowing trenching and pipe-laying by more than a week for each 500-meter segment. Trenches should be backfilled and ground leveled after installation of pipes. - Install signs at the beginning and end of section of works. - Provide concrete barriers to avoid conflict with live traffic.

- Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days’ work, well out of the line of traffic. - Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials, upon completion of the segment. - Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. - Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Likewise, provide safety tape barriers to reduce the possibility of accidents. - Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, drains, driveways, and sidewalk) will be repaired and returned to pre-project condition. - Provide advance notification of proposed pipe laying activities, locations and schedules to local residents, hospitals, schools, businesses, and other institutions. Regularly coordinate with affected parties during project construction. - Install safety barriers in open excavations to avoid unauthorized or accidental access by the public.

18. Traffic. Pipe laying activities may potentially affect traffic movements and could result to closure of a road section. There will be no need for traffic rerouting since the pipe installation will require a small space at the road easement. A road lane may be blocked but not the entire road. Mitigation measures to manage traffic are as the followings: • Coordinate the proposed construction activities, schedules, and traffic management plan with the local authorities and police. • Post informational boards in case of temporary lane closures. • Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic movements in areas with lane closures. • Use traffic control and warning devices such as lights, signs, traffic cones, flashing board, bollards, and barricades to alert vehicles and pedestrians about lane closures, equipment use, excavations, and other potential hazards. • In areas that are busy during the day, construction work may be conducted during nighttime to minimize disruption to traffic.

V. EXISTING FACILITIES AUDIT

19. Appendix I of the ADB SPS (2009) requires that, “when the project involves existing activities or facilities, relevant external experts will perform environmental audits to determine the existence of any areas where the project may cause or is causing environmental risks or impacts.” The rapid environmental assessment checklist (Appendix 1) includes a section in which the existing facilities have been audited to identify the presence of waste, spent, out-of-spec and discarded water treatment chemicals, oils, cleaning fluids and solvents, as well as contaminated soils that have or have the potential for causing environmental impacts or risks. Waste materials that pose a hazard to human health or the environment have not been identified at the facility. The director of the water works confirms the absence of any such materials within the water supply system buildings or on property under the control of the water

works. There is no need to prepare a corrective action plan to dispose of materials of this nature or remediate soils or structures for purposes of reducing environmental impact and risk.

20. In addition, the potential presence of unexplored ordinance (UXO) and mines bas been evaluated within the subproject area based on discussion with PIU and inspection of the project routes where the work is to take place. The routes are residential areas for so many years. They have been determined that there is no basis for suspecting that UXO or mines are present.

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Review of Impacts

21. Potential impacts of the proposed expansion lines are summarized in table 2. The table also summarizes the required mitigation measures, institutional responsibilities for assuring the mitigation action is carried out, and cost.

Table 2: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Cost Responsibility Estimates Construction Pipe laying Disruption and damage to existing - Provide temporary accesses to affected properties Construction Included in activities community structures and facilities using durable materials. Particular attention will be Contractor bid price for - Pipe laying will cause temporary given to ensuring safety along roads and paths work disruption of community services and normally used by school children. access to properties. - Side street parking of construction vehicles on - Damage community facilities such as prolonged basis will not be allowed. roads, driveways to properties and - Install barriers and safety warning signs on road pathways to private and public areas sections and if necessary deploy traffic aid/flag during pipe laying. persons at affected locations. - Particularly at pipe road crossings, - Provide information boards on the project details, construction activities along roads schedule and PWW contact numbers. may lead to temporary blockage of - Immediately repair the excavated areas and any lane and hamper movement of damaged structures such as roads, driveways, vehicles and people in the community. gates, and paths. Ensure that restoration is accepted by the affected person. Soil digging and Air pollution - Require the Contractor to cover materials with Construction Included in movement of - Dust and air emissions from digging tarpaulin or other suitable materials while in transit Contractor bid price for construction and movement of vehicles. to avoid spillage of materials. work materials - Moisten earthen roads during dry and dusty conditions, particularly roads near residences and through the town core area. - Impose speed limits on construction vehicles. - Conduct maintenance on construction equipment and vehicles to control air emissions during vehicle operation. Breaking concrete Noise - Limit construction activities particularly operation of Construction Included in or asphalt - There will be minimal noise to be noise generating equipment at night. Contractor bid price for pavement generated during construction works - Position any stationary equipment that produce work

Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Cost Responsibility Estimates except in areas where there is a need high noise levels such as excavator as far as to break the concrete or asphalt practical from sensitive receptors. pavement. Noise levels ranging from - Erect temporary walls around construction sites 82 to 88 dBA may be experienced in especially near schools, hospitals, and houses. areas at the distance of 15 to 30 - Install noise suppression devices to noise meters from the source. generating equipment. - Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn and to comply with speed limits - Provide information to community on schedule of construction activities through billboard/ signs and complaint hotline. Soil excavation, Generation of dug soil and other - During pipe laying, excavated material will be Construction Included in disposal of debris construction debris reused to cover back the trench. The Contractor Contractor bid price for to and from the - Generation of dug materials during will be required to properly reinstate the excavated work site, and pipe laying. trench after completion of pipe laying. construction - Domestic solid wastes, domestic - Undertake segregation of hazardous and non- worker offsite wastewater, inert construction wastes, hazardous wastes, including properly labeled waste housing and hazardous wastes during disposal bins. construction may result to pollution of - Instruct workers not to indiscriminately dispose the environment. wastes particularly at surrounding areas, canals, rivers, field, and other public areas. - All solid waste will be regularly collected and removed from the work camps and disposed to areas approved by local authorities. Construction works Worker health and safety - Orient workers and implement measures to ensure Construction Included in - Workers may be exposed to risks to construction safety; fire prevention and Contractor bid price for health and safety due to physical management; worker education and awareness for work hazards, exposure to dust and noise, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases; falling objects, and ergonomic injuries. and control measure for mosquito and other vector - Potential conflict with local people will diseases. occur if migrant workers will be - Require workers to adhere to guidelines relating to

Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Cost Responsibility Estimates brought to the site. minimum distances for excavations, tools, vehicles, and other activities in the ROWs of the water distribution lines. - Provision of first-aid kit and it is readily accessible by workers. - Conduct training of workers in the identification and management of occupational hazards. - Post safety signs, reminders, or warning notices at visible areas onsite. - Strictly implement a “No-Alcohol, No-Gambling and No-Dangerous Drug Policy” at the construction site. - Provide PPEs such as hard hats, gloves, safety boots, ear protection, breathing masks, etc. Wearing of PPEs, while working onsite will be a mandatory requirement for workers. - The Contractor should ensure that child laborers and trafficked workers are not employed. - The Contractor will be required to provide priority hiring of qualified construction workers from the villages and to consult with the local to avoid conflict if migrant workers will be brought to the site. Construction works Community health and safety - Provide advance notification of proposed pipe Construction Included in - Risks to community health and safety laying activities, locations and schedules to local Contractor bid price for due to pipe laying and unauthorized residents, hospitals, schools, businesses, and other work entry of villagers into dangerous institutions. Regular coordinate with affected working areas parties during project construction. - Install safety barriers and plates in open excavations to avoid unauthorized or accidental access by the public. - Provide safe access and passageways to

Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Cost Responsibility Estimates properties and establishments for pedestrians affected by pipe laying works. This will include temporary pathways and crossings (e.g. metal or durable wooden plates) over excavated areas or trenches. - Conduct daily cleaning of the work area and sweeping of the road shoulder. - Backfill and cover the excavated areas after pipe laying activities. - Reinstate good quality permanent accesses following completion of construction works. - Post informational boards with contact name and numbers whereby local residents, business operators, farmers and other establishments can report issues related to access restrictions. - Implement the Grievance Redress Mechanism to manage complaints from the community. Assign a focal person to receive community complaints in accordance with the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). - Document all complaints received and actions taken by the contractor to resolve the complaint. Pipe laying and Traffic - Coordinate the proposed construction activities, Construction Included in other construction Pipe laying activities may potentially schedules, and traffic management plan with the Contractor bid price for works affect traffic movements and could result local authorities and police. work to closure of a road section. - Post informational boards in case of temporary lane closures. - Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic movements in areas with lane closures. - Use traffic control and warning devices such as lights, signs, traffic cones, flashing board, bollards,

Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Cost Responsibility Estimates and barricades to alert vehicles and pedestrians about lane closures, equipment use, excavations, and other potential hazards. - In areas that are busy during the daytime, construction work may be conducted during nighttime to minimize traffic disruption. Pipe laying and Impacts on Biodiversity Construction Included in other construction - Cutting trees is prohibited except inside the Contractor bid price for works -Impacts on the existing biodiversity construction zone. Trees to be re-moved must work elements at the construction sites be specified in the Project plans and specifications. Plans and budget provision should be in place to re-plant trees in designated areas once construction is completed. The same quality and type of trees need to be planted or where feasible, identify more climate and disaster resilient species.

- On completion of the Works all work areas shall be smoothed and graded in a manner to conform the natural appearance of the landscape. Where unnecessary destruction, scarring damage or defacing may occur as a result of the Contractor’s operations, it shall be repaired, replanted or otherwise corrected as directed by the Engineer at Contractor’s expense. The Contractor will fully reinstate pathways, other local infrastructure, and agricultural land to at least their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction.

B. Institutional Arrangements

22. The General Department of Potable Water Supply at central level under Ministry of Industry and Handicraft (MIH) is the executing agency, and will establish the Project Management Unit (PMU) to execute the Project. The PMU will assign responsibility for environmental aspects to a particular individual as staff PMU safeguard management officer (PSMO) who is engaged full time with implementation of the project to monitor implementation of mitigation measures. PWW will be the implementation agency for the subproject. PWW will establish a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to manage the implementation of the Subproject at Pursat Province.

23. The PMU will engage Contractors for specific works, based on the subcontract packages considered most suitable for execution. Legal clauses regarding mitigation measures are required to be included in construction contract bidding documents and become part of contract agreements. For the main construction contracts, the Contractor will be required to appoint a staff Construction Environmental Management Officer (CEMO) responsible for supervising implementation of mitigation measures during the execution of the contract. The contractor will be required to prepare a Construction Management Plan (CMP) to ensure construction does not adversely affect health, safety, amenity, traffic or the environment in the surrounding area. The CEMO working with the Contractor’s Site Manager is responsible for preparing this plan prior to the start of construction and receiving approval for the plan from the PMU before the start of construction. The CEMO will serve as a point of contact that is accountable for environmental aspects of the construction work. For smaller construction contracts or subcontracts, the (sub-) contractor will still be held accountable for implementation of mitigation measures through a system of quality assurance supervised by the PMU.

24. General notes/reminders for the PMU, work supervisors and environmental safeguards specialists are as follows:

• As a precautionary measure, the PMU team shall inform ADB prior to construction start (formless by Email), confirming that you have received and cleared the Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP/CMP) and that it is in line with the DDR and the updated EMP. Also the contractor shall confirm that he has a responsible officer (EHS/CEMO) as part of the construction team. • Ensure that CEMP/CMP monitoring and reporting to the project owner/client shall be on a monthly basis throughout the construction period using the provided reporting format sample in annex to the EMP. This shall also be clearly stipulated in the bidding docs requirements for the Contractors. • As part of the pre-construction phase, all the existing biodiversity elements at the construction sites need to be accounted for. It is the responsibility of the contractor to fully reinstate pathways and any biodiversity at least to their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction. This needs to be accounted for in the mitigation budget, reflected in the respective CEMPs / CMPs and in the environmental safeguards monitoring report to ADB

25. The PMU has direct responsibility for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measures. The PSMO will be assisted in tasks by the Environmental Specialists (ES), consultants who are part of the Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) and support all the subprojects undertaken through the loan. Work will commence with updating and finalizing DDRs and their respective environmental mitigation measures and monitoring plans, submitting the environmental reviews on behalf of MIH to the Ministry of Environment, incorporating legal clauses regarding mitigation measures into construction contract bidding documents, assisting the PSMO in monitoring the implementation of those measures during the progress of construction, and preparing the environmental sections of semi-annual reports to be provided to ADB. The ES also will provide training to PMU and PIU staff. Table 3 describes the functions of various agencies engaged in the project.

26. For the present project, RGC/Client approval for Environment Clearance from the Ministry of Environment involves revision of the DDR during the design phase, coincident with detailed design preparation, and translation of the DDR into Khmer. The DDR is submitted to the Department of EIA within MOE, which has a period of 30 days to review and respond with comments, or approve, the DDR. A timeline for updating the DDR as well as for inclusion of the EMP and special conditions in contract and/or bidding documents is as follows:

• Project design proceeds over a period of 5 months (anticipated). • Monitoring of water quality over first two months. • Concurrently, DDE is updated with new design data. • By end of month 2, expected that issues related to design are resolved. • DDR undergoes translation (2 weeks). • DDR submitted to DOE by mid-month 3 of design period. • DOE has 30 days to review/approve DDR. • DDR approved by mid-month 4 of design period. • ADB review runs concurrently with DOE review. • Final approval from ADB and the Government obtained before detailed design finalized in time for inclusion in procurement package.

27. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the provincial Departments of Environment (PDOEs) play a role in submittal, review, and approval of DDRs, and monitoring and reporting. This work takes place during the implementation phase. The ES will revise and update the DDR based on final designs, and the document should be translated into Khmer prior to submittal to MOE DEIA, which will engage in the review process the provincial PDOE where the subproject takes place. Once DEIA approves the subproject, implementation can proceed with construction mitigation measures mostly in the hands of the Contractor, and the ES, PDOE, PIU and PSMO working together to perform monitoring and reporting. It will be the job of the PIUs supported by the ES to compile quarterly reports, which then are compiled into semi-annual safeguard monitoring reports by the PMU and DSC, supported by the ES. The PSMO and PMU Project Director will be responsible for submittal of reporting to ADB.

28. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable national, provincial, and local environmental laws and regulations. The Contractor shall (a) establish an operational system for managing environmental impacts (CEMP/CMP) (b) comply with the

measures and requirements and carry out all of the monitoring and mitigation measures set forth in the Initial Environmental Examination and the Environmental Management Plan, and (c) allocate the budget required to ensure that such measures are carried out, including making provisions for any temporary impacts. (d) The Contractor shall submit semi-annual reports on the carrying out of such measures to the Employer, and under construction times the CEMP monitoring reports are to be submitted on a monthly basis.

Table 3: Roles and Responsibilities Agency Role MIH – GDPWS Project Supervision and guidance; assist to appoint staff of PMU; recruited Management Unit competent national environmental specialist (NES) as part of the DSC (PMU) to assist design team and PMU; submit DDR to the Ministry of Environment (MOE) for approval; consolidate and submit semi-annual reports to ADB. Pursat Provincial Appoint Project Environmental Management Officer (PEMO) to PMU, Water Works PIU who will work with the ES to ensure EMPs are satisfied in the design and construction of the subproject; review and approve CMP; supervise and monitor DDR/CMP implementation; prepare and conduct public consultations, administer the grievance redress mechanism, monitor subproject activities and prepare quarterly environmental reporting at the subproject level. Design and Assist the PEMOs and the PMO to review, update and submit DDR for Supervision approval by MOE; incorporate EMP requirements into design, Consultant (DSC) specifications and construction contract; coordinate with other National government agencies regarding environmental issues; organize and Environmental implement public consultation and grievance redress mechanism; Specialist (ES) monitor activities of design engineer and construction contractors to assure mitigation measures are implemented; incorporate environmental reporting into semi-annual progress reports. MOE DEIA and PDOE Review of DDR; PDOE to support monitoring of mitigation measures during construction. Construction Implement environmental requirements related to construction; Contractors (CC) incorporate environmental costs into bid estimate; prepare a Construction Management Plan (CMP); appoint the Construction Environmental Management Officer (CEMO); assure all environmental requirements are followed. GDPWS/MIH Lab Implement water quality monitoring of raw and treated water supplies during operations.

C. Environmental Monitoring Plan

29. Environmental monitoring extends during the implementation of the loan and engages the previously identified groups. Table 4 identifies the monitoring to be undertaken in respect to the mitigation measures previously identified. The PEMO is responsible for the bulk of the monitoring being undertaken during the design and construction periods. During operations, the Pursat Provincial Water Works is responsible.

Table 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Parameters to be Monitored Location Means of Monitoring Monitoring Responsibility Source Frequency for Monitoring of Fund Pre-Construction Phase Survey of affected structures (roads, shops, All project routes Site survey Prior to the start PEMO, ES, PMU driveways, fences, gates, portions of of civil works PDOE houses, etc. Construction Phase Rehabilitation of road shoulder and Areas with pipe laying Visual inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES, PMU driveways after pipe laying activities PDOE EMP implementation All project areas Visual inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES, PMU (construction sites, PDOE camp) Direct effects on communities from project All project routes Gather views and opinions of Weekly PEMO, ES, PMU impacts such as damage to properties, dust communities through community PDOE generation, noise and safety. feedback Monitoring of EMP during Roads where pipes Site inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES, PMU construction/excavation, including cross PDOE compliance to traffic management and road restoration.

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

A. Public Consultation

30. Public consultation should be held at the outset of procurement for the construction of civil works under the project. This is in order to notify the homes and businesses in the immediate vicinity of the site that work will commence on the project, to review environmental issues of concern, and to inform the public of the grievance redress mechanism established under the project.

B. Disclosure

31. Details of the subproject will be disclosed through a process of public consultation described above. Further to that, MIH will provide the relevant environmental information for this subproject, including information from the DDR to affected people in a timely manner, in an accessible place, and in a form and language(s) understandable to them by providing a copy of the DDR in Khmer language at the PWW office for review by interested parties. In addition, ADB will post on its website the subproject DDR, updates prepared during the project implementation period, and environmental monitoring reports prepared during the implementation period.

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

32. Grievances related to both environmental and resettlement issues are addressed through the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). In order to ensure that complaints from all affected persons (APs) on any aspect of environment, land acquisition, compensation and resettlement are addressed in a timely and satisfactory manner, and that all possible avenues are available to APs to air their grievances, a well-defined grievance redress mechanism will be established. All APs can send any questions to the MIH-PMU about their rights in relation with redress of environmental problems and entitlement under the resettlement plan. APs are not required to pay any fee in order to file a complaint at any level. The GRM has been explained in the public information booklet distributed to all APs, and is explained here in relation to complaints related to environmental impacts.

33. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) shall be established before commencement of site works and shall be chaired by PMU. The GRC shall have members from the PMU, commune councils, local NGO, and women’s organization. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any member of the GRC. The committee will have 15 days to respond with a resolution. If unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC shall not impede the complainant’s access to the Government’s judicial or administrative remedies.

34. Stage 1 - Complaints from APs on any aspect of environmental impacts shall first be lodged verbally or in written form to the commune or village leader. The commune or village leader will coordinate with the MIH-PMU to decide on a course of action within 5 days from the day it is lodged. Usually complaints about environmental impacts are resolved at this stage.

35. Stage 2 - If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, or if no response from the commune or village chief is received by the AP within 5 days of registering the complaint, he/she can appeal directly to the District Office. The complaint must be settled within 5 days of registering the original complaint.

36. Stage 3 - If the AP is not satisfied with the actions made by the District GRC, or in the absence of any response, the AP can appeal to the Provincial GRC which must make a written decision and submit copies to the MIH-UWSP and AP.

37. Stage 4 - If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the Provincial GRC on appeal, or in absence of any response from the MIH-UWSP within the stipulated time, the AP, as a last resort, may submit his/her case to court of law, whose judgment is final. APs may also ask for resolution from ADB’s responsible project officer consistent with the provision of the ADB’s accountability mechanism. They can file their complaint through the ADB resident mission in Phnom Penh for transmittal to the ADB headquarters in Manila.

38. At each stage, the governing official is responsible for recording the minutes of meetings, maintaining files on all complaints, and for distributing copies of all decisions to the PMU and lower level bodies, including commune/village officials and affected parties and households.

39. The PIU of the Pursat Provincial Water Works shall make public the existence of this grievance redress mechanism through public awareness campaigns. They shall set- up a hotline for complaints and the hotline shall be publicized through the media and numbers placed on the notice boards outside the construction site and at subnational level of local government offices (e.g., provincial, district, commune levels). Locally affected people will still be able to express grievances through the commune councils and these would be referred through the usual channels in those committees.

40. The PMU will be responsible for checking the procedures and resolutions of grievances and complaints. The PIA consultant may recommend further measures to be taken to address unresolved grievances.

IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusions

41. The Pursat water supply expansion is a small-scale remediation of an existing facility. The scale of work, including pipe laying/burying, presents little or no potential for significant environmental impact. A due diligence review was conducted and is reported on in this document.

42. There is no need to prepare a corrective action plan (CAP) for the proposed pipe laying works because no residual chemicals, waste oil or contaminated earth has been identified at the proposed expansion routes.

43. The Pursat water supply expansion is an important intervention to assure the supply of potable water in the Pursat service area over the near term. No environmental constraints exist for implementing the project.

B. Recommendations

44. Potential environmental impacts stem from the transport of construction materials, disposal of debris, soil excavation with the potential to generate noise and dust, and from inadequate worker provisions, health and safety protections. Measures have been set out to mitigate these potential impacts, reinforced by a set of environmental specifications for the construction contractor. These measures should be implemented in order to minimize any adverse environmental effects.

45. Institutional measures are also in place to obtain compliance from the construction contractor, to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures and to fulfill reporting functions related to loan implementation. These institutional measures that constitute the environmental management framework should also be implemented. Costs related to mitigation and monitoring were considered, and no special costs have been identified.

Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Pursat – Proposed New Pipe Laying Sector Division: Urban Water Supply

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. PROJECT SITING Is the project area… ▪ Densely populated? X ▪ Heavy with development activities? X ▪ Adjacent to or within any X environmentally sensitive areas? ▪ Cultural heritage site X ▪ Protected Area • Wetland X • Mangrove X • Estuarine X . • Buffer zone of protected area X • Special area for protecting biodiversity X • Bay X B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Will the Project cause… ▪ pollution of raw water supply from x upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? ▪ impairment of historical/cultural x monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites? ▪ hazard of land subsidence caused by x excessive ground water pumping?

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ▪ social conflicts arising from displacement x of communities? ▪ conflicts in abstraction of raw water for x water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters? ▪ unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. x excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)? ▪ delivery of unsafe water to distribution x system? ▪ inadequate protection of intake works or x wells, leading to pollution of water supply? ▪ over pumping of ground water, leading x to salinization and ground subsidence? ▪ excessive algal growth in storage x reservoir? ▪ increase in production of sewage x beyond capabilities of community facilities? ▪ inadequate disposal of sludge from x water treatment plants? ▪ inadequate buffer zone around pumping x and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities? ▪ impairments associated with x transmission lines and access roads? ▪ health hazards arising from inadequate x design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals? ▪ health and safety hazards to workers x from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation? ▪ dislocation or involuntary resettlement of x people? ▪ disproportionate impacts on the poor, x women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups? ▪ noise and dust from construction x Minimal only. The contractor activities? will be required to prepare

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks and implement the Contractor's Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) ▪ increased road traffic due to interference x Minimal only. The contractor of construction activities? will be required to prepare and implement the Contractor's Environmental Management Plan. PIU will coordinate with Heads of Commune to oversee and assist in the management of traffic. ▪ continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from x construction operations? ▪ delivery of unsafe water due to poor x O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems? ▪ delivery of water to distribution system, x which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals? ▪ accidental leakage of chlorine gas? x ▪ excessive abstraction of water affecting x downstream water users? ▪ competing uses of water? x ▪ increased sewage flow due to increased x water supply? ▪ increased volume of sullage (wastewater x from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant? ▪ large population influx during project x construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? ▪ social conflicts if workers from other x regions or countries are hired? ▪ risks to community health and safety due x to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction? ▪ community safety risks due to both x

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

A. Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: Pursat – Proposed New Pipe Laying Sector: Urban Water Supply Project Subsector: Urban Water Supply Project Division/Department: Urban Water Supply Project

Screening Questions Score Remarks1 Location and Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its 0 Design of components) likely to be affected by climate project conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance 0 for bridges) need to consider any hydro- meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc.)? Materials and Would weather, current and likely future 0 Maintenance climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs(e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future 0 climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance Would weather/climate conditions, and related 0 of project extreme events likely affect the performance

1 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

Screening Questions Score Remarks1 outputs (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response scope Not likely 0 Likely 1 Very likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): _____Low______

Other Comments: The existing water supply project is already operating. MIH-PMU and PIU are requesting for additional distribution pipe laying works in of Pursat Municipality, Bakan District, and Kandieng District (i.e. 10 villages in 6 communes/Sangkat or a total length of 15,500m).

Prepared by: PIAC