Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y

AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3162, 23 pp., 62 figures April 10, 1996

A Review of the Zelotine Ground Spider Genus Setaphis (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)

NORMAN I. PLATNICK1 AND JOHN A. MURPHY2

ABSTRACT The genus Setaphis Simon has been thoroughly Sardinia, Z. caporiaccoi Roewer from North Af- misconstrued; most of the species currently as- rica, Z. spiribulbis Denis from Morocco, Z. con- signed to the genus are not congeneric with its type volutus Denis from Yemen, Z. gomerae Schmidt species. Numerous species that do belong to Se- from the Canary Islands, and Z. stylus Di Franco taphis have been described, but have been mis- from North Africa. Pavesi's synonymy ofS. suavis placed in other genera. Twenty taxa are transferred (Simon) with S. parvula (Lucas) is accepted; eleven to Setaphis: Camillina mollis (0. P.-Cambridge) other specific names are newly synonymized: S. from North Africa, C. simplex (Simon) from Tu- brachialis with S. carmeli, S. vivesi with S. alger- nisia, C. fuscipes (Simon) from Algeria and Tu- ica; S. lubrica, S. lutea, S. berlandi, S. convolutus, nisia, C. subtilis (Simon) from Oman, C. lubrica and S. oppenheimeri with S. subtilis; S. caporiaccoi (Simon) from India, C. algerica Dalmas from Al- and S. stylus with S. simplex; S. mandae with S. geria, C. browni Tucker and C. lutea Tucker from browni; and S. fibulata (Berland) with S. atlantica South Africa, C. berlandi Denis from Egypt, C. (Berland). Three new species are described: S. joc- villiersi Denis from Nigeria, C. vivesi Marinaro quei from the Ivory Coast, and S. walteri and S. from Algeria, Drassodes oppenheimeri Tikader and wunderlichi from the Canary Islands. The males Nodocion mandae (Tikader and Gajbe) from In- of S. villiersi, S. mollis, S. browni, and S. canar- dia, Zelotes carmeli (O. P.-Cambridge) from the iensis are described for the first time. Mediterranean region, Z. brachialis (Garneri) from

I Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History; Adjunct Professor, Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York; Adjunct Professor, Department of Entomology, Cornell Uni- versity. 2Associate, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History; 323 Hanworth Road, Hampton, Middlesex, TW12 3EJ England.

INTRODUCTION The systematics of many groups of spiders part of Simon's group A (group B now con- is based on distressingly flimsy foundations. stitutes the genus Trachyzelotes Lohmander; As in most other groups of arthropods, nu- see Platnick and Murphy, 1984). merous species and genera were established Over intervening and ensuing years, Simon by 19th and early 20th century authors, who (1893b, 1908), Purcell (1908), Tucker (1923), generally worked in near (or total) isolation and Lawrence (1928a, 1928b) added some 15 from each other, and who relied almost ex- additional species, mostly from South Africa clusively on the published literature for in- and Namibia, to Setaphis. So far as we have formation on the taxa described by their col- been able to determine, not a single one of leagues. Such a system might have proved those southern African species actually be- feasible had those authors routinely supplied longs to Setaphis. Numerous species that do illustrations for each species described, but belong to the genus have been described, in- illustrations are generally lacking in literature cluding some from southern Africa, but they of that era. It is not surprising, under these have all been misplaced in other genera, in- circumstances, that the same taxon was often cluding Camillina Berland, Drassodes West- described more than once, or that the same ring, Echemus Simon, Liodrassus Chamber- name was used to refer to entirely different lin, and Zelotes. taxa. As in our earlier study on Trachyzelotes, We report here on one of the more egre- we have tried to identify and review here all gious examples of such confusion. The spi- the described members ofthis relatively clear- ders involved are easily recognizable; they are cut group. However, hundreds of zelotine zelotine gnaphosids (i.e., ground spiders pos- species have been described, from all over sessing a distinctive metatarsal preening the world, and no adequate illustrations have comb) with striking genitalic features in both ever been published for many ofthe available sexes. Males have a distal, coiled embolus names. It has not been possible for us to ex- (figs. 1, 2), and females have similarly coiled amine most ofthe relevant type material, and epigynal ducts (figs. 3, 4). In both sexes, these we therefore presume that additional names, genitalic features appear to be unambiguous- both older and younger, will eventually be ly synapomorphic for the group, within the found to apply to many of the taxa treated larger context of zelotines in general. here. It nevertheless seems worthwhile to So far as we are aware, the only generic present evidence regarding the identity and name available for these taxa is Setaphis geographic distribution of the taxa we have Simon (1893a). The type species of Setaphis been able to examine, and to point out that is Prosthesima suavis Simon (1878), based on almost all ofthe southern African species pre- specimens from France and Algeria. In the viously assigned to Setaphis must eventually original description of that species, Simon be transferred elsewhere. At this point, we do (1878: 78) indicated that he would have de- not know whether those species represent a scribed a new genus for it had not a Medi- monophyletic group oftheir own, or whether terranean species currently known as Zelotes there is another generic name available for carmeli (0. P.-Cambridge) seemed interme- them. diate between P. suavis and the more typical The history of the species here assigned to species now placed in Zelotes Gistel. After Setaphis provides ample reason to reject the the description of Setaphis, Simon retained views of some (mostly north European) Z. carmeli in the large genus Zelotes (as the workers on the limits of the genus Zelotes. only member ofone ofthe three species groups Roberts (1995: 110), for example, working he recognized, group C of Simon, 1914), al- only with the extremely limited fauna of ze- though he did note that Z. carmeli had lotines found in Britain and northern Europe, "grands rapports avec le genre Setaphis" argued that: (Simon, 1914: 180, footnote). As indicated The genus [Zelotes] has been divided by some workers below, we consider Z. carmeli to be a mem- to form several smaller genera. Whilst able to see the ber of Setaphis, thus restricting Zelotes to differences which suggest such subdivision, I am not 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 3

sure that they outweigh the similarities or that the BMNH Natural History Museum, London, changes are useful taxonomically, although they are P. Hillyard useful at a subgeneric level. CAS California Academy ofSciences, San But the question here is not a trivial one of Francisco, C. Griswold what rank to assign groups, but rather what CCD C. Deeleman-Reinhold, Ossen- the membership of those groups is to be. drecht, Netherlands Members of the clearly monophyletic group CDJ D. Jones, Waterlooville, England discussed below have been placed by some CGS G. Schmidt, Deutsch Evern, Ger- workers in Zelotes, by others in Camillina, many and by others (such as Denis) in both Zelotes CHE H. K. El-Hennawy, Cairo, Egypt and Camillina (to say nothing ofvarious mis- CJW J. Wunderlich, Straubenhardt, Ger- placements in several other genera). In ac- many tuality, these species belong to neither Zelotes CPA P. Ashmole, Edinburgh, Scotland nor Camillina. The misplacements have re- CRB R. Bosmans, Gent, Belgium sulted in a general failure, by previous au- CRS R. Snazell, Wareham, England thors, to recognize the species of Setaphis as HDO Hope Department of Entomology, members ofa single monophyletic group. In- Oxford University, I. Lansbury deed, in the most extreme case, they have led JAM J. A. Murphy to a single species being described as a mem- MHNG Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de ber of both Zelotes and Camillina (for ex- Geneve, B. Hauser ample, the synonyms of S. subtilis described MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Na- by Denis). The generic concept advocated by turelle, Paris, C. Rollard Roberts could represent a monophyletic group MRAC Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, only if all zelotines, worldwide, were placed Tervuren, R. Jocque in the single genus Zelotes, including, for ex- NCA National Collection of Arachnida, ample, those species of Camillina that have Plant Protection Research Institute, never been considered members of Zelotes. Pretoria, A. Dippenaar-Schoeman Even under the far more reasonable generic NMB Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, concepts of other workers, Zelotes remains a A. Hainggi cumbersomely huge group within which to NMBL National Museum Bloemfontein, L. investigate species identities and relation- Lotz ships. Placing all zelotines in Zelotes would NMS Natur-Museum Senckenberg, M. only compound the difficulties. Grasshoff We thank M. U. Shadab of the American NMZ National Museum, Zimbabwe, M. Museum of Natural History for help with FitzPatrick illustrations, and each of the collectors and SAM South African Museum, V. White- curators listed below for supplying speci- head mens. We especially thank Tony Russell- UAF University of Agriculture, Faisala- Smith ofSittingbourne, England, for his most bad, Pakistan, M. Beg generous donations ofAfrican Setaphis spec- ZSI Zoological Survey of India, B. Bis- imens. Helpful comments on a draft of the was manuscript were supplied by F. Di Franco, R. Jocque, V. Ovtsharenko, and J. Wunder- Setaphis Simon lich. The format ofthe descriptions and stan- Setaphis Simon, 1 893a: 374 (type species by dard abbreviations of morphological terms original designation Prosthesima suavis Simon follow Platnick and Shadab (1975); all mea- [= S. parvula (Lucas)]). surements are in millimeters. DiAGNOSIS: Specimens ofSetaphis are easily recognized, as they have the metatarsal COLLECrIONS EXAMINED preening comb that is characteristic of zelotines, plus a distinctively coiled embolus in AMNH American Museum of Natural His- males (figs. 1, 2) and similarly coiled epigynal tory ducts in females (figs. 3, 4). 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

4.:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Figs. 1-4. Setaphis parvula (Lucas). 1. Left male palp, ventral view. 2. Same, retrolateral view. 3. Epigynum, ventral view. 4. Same, dorsal view.

DESCRIPTION: Total length 2.6-7.2. Cara- pO-0-1; III dl-1-0, pO-1-1, rO-l-l; IV dl-l- pace oval in dorsal view, widest at coxae II, 0, pO-0-1, rO-0-1; patella III rO-l-O; tibiae: slightly invaginated posteriorly, usually light III pl1-1-, v2-2-2, rO-l-1; IV pl-0-1, v2-2- yellow, sometimes darker, with long, erect, 2, rI-I-1; metatarsi: II v1-0-0; III p1-2-2, v2- black setae along edges ofposterior declivity; 0-0, rl-1-2; IV pl-2-2, v2-2-0, rl-2-1. Legs cephalic area flattened, set off by sloping ce- usually uniformly yellow, sometimes darker phalic grooves; thoracic groove short, lon- or with annulations; tarsi very lightly scop- gitudinal. From above, anterior eye row re- ulate, with two dentate claws but no claw curved, posterior row procurved; from front, tufts; trochanters not notched; metatarsi III both eye rows procurved; AME circular, dark, and IV with preening comb; distal segments PME irregularly rectangular, light, ALE and with two rows of long trichobothria. Abdo- PLE oval, light; PME largest, AME usually men usually light brownish-gray dorsally, smallest; AME separated by roughly their di- paler ventrally; males with small, orange an- ameter, almost touching ALE; PME almost terior scutum; six spinnerets, anteriors elon- touching, separated from PLE by roughly their gated, sclerotized, separated at base by their radius; MOQ usually slightly longer than width. Palp with medially situated terminal wide, wider in back than in front. Clypeal apophysis, tip ofapophysis often overlapping height equal to AME diameter. Chelicerae embolar base; median apophysis small, re- usually with four promarginal and three retrolaterally hooked; embolus coiled. Epigyn- tromarginal teeth. Endites short, rectangular, um with anterior margins, midpiece sur- obliquely depressed, greatly narrowed at pal- rounded by median ridges; epigynal ducts pal insertion; labium broad, rebordered and highly twisted. rounded distally; sternum with strongly re- RELATIONSHIPS: The typically enlarged, bordered, sinuous margins. Leg formula 4123. nearly contiguous posterior median eyes sug- Typical leg spination pattern (only surfaces gest that Setaphis is more closely related to bearing spines listed): femora: I, II dl - 1-0, Camillina and Drassyllus than to Zelotes. 1996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 5

MISPLACED SPECIES: Simon (1908) de- 19. Corse: 5 km S Corte, May 20, 1989, elev. scribed Setaphis bicolor on the basis of at 350 m, roadside maquis (P. Merrett, JAM), least one male and one female from Tripoli, 16; Vivario, May 24,1989, elev. 800 m, stony Libya; we have seen only a female syntype field (P. Merrett, JAM), 19; Vizzavona, May (MNHN AR2409 1), which is not a Setaphis 27, 1989, elev. 1300 m, stony hillside (P. and belongs instead to the Zelotes puritanus Merrett, JAM), 16. Portugal: Faro: Cape St. subgroup of species. We have not seen the Vincent, Apr. 14,1982 (J., F. Murphy, JAM), male, and a formal transfer ofthis name must 19; Monte Gordo, Apr. 13, 1982 (J., F. Mur- therefore await Dr. G. Levy's forthcoming phy, JAM), 16, 19. Spain: Baleares: Ibiza: study of this and related species. Atalayassa, Apr. 15, 1980, elev. 475 m (J., So far as we have been able to determine, F. Murphy, JAM), 16; Playa d'en Bossa, Apr. none ofthe species from southern Africa that 11, 1980 (J., F. Murphy, JAM), 29. Mdlaga: have been assigned to Setaphis (for listings, Sierra de Mijas, Apr. 7, 1975 (P. D. Hillyard, see Roewer, 1955: 440-441 and Bonnet, 1958: BMNH), 19. 4036-4037) actually belong to the genus, but DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the west- accurate placement of those taxa must await ern Mediterranean: Portugal, Spain, France, future revisionary studies ofthe African gna- Algeria, and Tunisia (record ofPavesi, 1884). phosid fauna. SYNONYMY: The type of Drassus parvulus Lucas is lost and presumed destroyed, but his Setaphis parvula (Lucas) detailed color illustration of the body, which Figures 1-4 clearly shows the enlarged, darkened, and setose anterior patellae and tibiae, closely Drassus parvulus Lucas, 1846: 219, pl. 13, figs. 6, matches in many details the two males from 6a-d (male holotype, probably penultimate, Algeria recorded above. We thus have little from Philippeville, Algeria, depository doubt that Lucas had the same unknown, not examined). species later Melanophora parvula: Simon, 1864: 117. described by Simon as Prosthesima suavis. Prosthesima suavis Simon, 1878: 76, pl. 14, fig. 6 Simon (1878: 78, footnote) acknowledged that (male and female syntypes from Digne, Alpes- D. parvulus is "une espece qui me parait tres- de-Haute, France, lost, and from Constantine, voisine de suavis, malheureusement, cette es- Algeria, in MNHN, examined). First pece a ete decrite et figuree sur un tres-jeune synonymized by Pavesi, 1884: 467. individu, ce qui la rendra tres-difficile a re- Prosthesima parvula: Pavesi, 1884: 467. connaitre." Although we would ordinarily Setaphis suavis: Simon, 1893a: 374, 1914: 180, agree with Simon's judgment that juveniles 220. are unidentifiable, in this case the extraor- Setaphisparvula: Simon, 1893a: 374. dinarily detailed matching in color pattern Setaphis lucasi Roewer, 1951: 443 (superfluous replacement name for Drassus parvulus Lucas). and leg modifications allows D. parvulus to be identified without hesitation. We therefore DiAGNOSIS: This species resembles S. car- agree with Pavesi's (1884) synonymy of S. meli in having the anterior patellae and tibiae suavis, despite Simon's subsequent argument enlarged, darkened, and setose, but differs in (1914: 220, footnote) that D. parvulus "est having a longer embolus (fig. 1) and a sharply une tres jeune araignee non reconnaissable angled tip of the retrolateral tibial apophysis specifiquement." (fig. 2) in males, and in having the epigynal Roewer's replacement name for this spe- ridges reaching almost to the anterior epi- cies, Setaphis lucasi, was entirely unjustified. gynal margin (fig. 3) and anterolaterally ex- Drassus parvulus Lucas is only a secondary panded epigynal ducts (fig. 4) in females. junior homonym ofDrassus parvulus (Black- MALE: Described by Simon (1878). wall), a species originally described in Clu- FEMALE: Described by Simon (1878). biona Latreille and long ago placed in the MATERIAL EXAMINED: Algeria: Chrea (R. Dictynidae rather than the Gnaphosidae. The Bosmans, CRB),1 6; presumably Constantine two names were not considered congeneric (MNHN AR 1975), 36, 19 (syntypes); Meftah (by Roewer or anyone else) when Roewer's (R. Bosmans, CRB), 16. France: Ariefge: replacement name was established, and Caussou, May 30,1991 (J., F. Murphy, JAM), Roewer's name is therefore superfluous. 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

Figs. 5-8. Setaphis carmeli (0. P.-Cambridge). 5. Left male palp, ventral view. 6. Same, retrolateral view. 7. Epigynum, ventral view. 8. Same, dorsal view.

Setaphis carmeli (0. P.-Cambridge), apophysis (figs. 5, 6) of males, and the small, new combination m-shaped epigynal ridge and the m-shaped Figures 5-8 median epigynal ducts (figs. 7, 8) of females. MALE: Described by 0. P.-Cambridge Melanophora carmeli 0. P.-Cambridge, 1872: 248, (1872) and more recent authors. pl. 16, figs. 29a, b (male syntype from Mount FEMALE: Described by Simon (1914) and Carmel, Haifa, Israel, in HDO, examined). Melanophora latipes Canestrini, 1873: 45 (male more recent authors. and female syntypes from Italy, depository MATERIAL ExAMINED: Algeria: no specific unknown, not examined), 1876: 207, pl. 10, figs. locality (R. Bosmans, CRB), 26; Baghari 3a, b. First synonymized by Simon, 1892: 81. Guelma (MNHN AR 1994), 26, 3Q; El Har- Prosthesima latipes: Simon, 1878: 75. rach, Apr. 11, 1983, June 16, 1985 (R. Bos- Prosthesima carmeli: Simon, 1878: 99. mans, CRB), 26; Frenda (R. Bosmans, CRB), Prosthesima brachialis Garneri, 1902: 67 (male 16; Meftah (R. Bosmans, CRB), 16; Meurdja, holotype from Tortoli, Sardinia, Italy, depository June 9, 1983, pitfall trap (CRB), 12; Saida unknown, not examined). NEW SYNONYMY. (R. Bosmans, CRB), 1Q. France: Aude: Port- Zelotes carmeli: Simon, 1914: 180, 219, figs. 386- la-Nouvelle (MNHN AR1995), 16. Corse: 388.- Denis, 1952: 123, figs. 21-24.- Jezequel, 1962: 532, fig. 16.- Marinaro, 1967: 699, fig. Collo de San Quilico, May 19, 1989, elev. 21b. 500 m, stony hillside (J., F. Murphy, JAM), Zelotes brachialis: Reimoser, 1919: 166. 16; Ghisonaccia, May 17, 1989, coastal scrub (J., F. Murphy, JAM), 16, 1Y; 15 km N L'ile- DiAGNosIs: This distinctive species is eas- Rousse, June 1984, pitfall traps (H. G. Mull- ily recognized by its dark coloration, the er, MHNG), 66. Israel: Haifa: Mount Car- strong bottle-brushlike scopula found both mel, under stone (0. P.-Cambridge, HDO), dorsally and ventrally on tibiae I, the small, 16 (syntype). Morocco: Azrou (R. Bosmans, triangular terminal apophysis, small embo- CRB), 12; Ifrane, July 19-25, 1971 (R. Joc- lus, and short, straight retrolateral tibial que, MRAC), 16; Oued Zem, Mar. 1979 (R. 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 7

Figs. 9-12. Setaphis algerica (Dalmas). 9. Left male palp, ventral view. 10. Same, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Same, dorsal view.

Bosmans, CRB), 19; Oukalmeden, Marak- ia I are "dilatatis et elongatis, rariis pilis con- esch, May 17, 1975, elev. 2600 m, under stone spersis," and his descriptions ofthe color pat- (B. Malkin, AMNH), 16. Portugal: Faro: tern leave little doubt that he actually had a Tavira, Apr. 2, 1988, under stone, edge of male of Setaphis carmeli. river (P. Harvey, JAM), 16. Spain: Almeria: El Playazo, Mar. 27, 1990 (J., F. Murphy, JAM), 19; La Serreta, Mar. 24, 1990, elev. Setaphis algerica (Dalmas), 200 m (J., F. Murphy, JAM), 19; Sierra de new combination Gador, Apr. 2, 1990 (J., F. Murphy, JAM), Figures 9-12 19. Baleares: Ibiza: C'an Prats, Apr. 13-14, 1980, pine litter (J., F. Murphy, JAM), 16. Camillina algerica Dalmas, 1922: 83 (one male Mallorca: Pollensa, Apr. 1 1, 1975 (J., F. Mur- and ten female syntypes from Oran, Algeria, in phy, JAM), 16. Cddiz: no specific locality (R. MNHN, examined). Camillina vivesi Marinaro, 1967: 699, fig. 2la (male Snazell, CRS), 16. Jaen: Cazorla, May. 30, holotype from Maillot, Djurdjura, Algeria, 1979 (C. I. Carter, AMNH), 19. Madrid: Tor- depository unknown, not examined). NEW rejon de Ardes, 1961 (K. W. Haller, AMNH), SYNONYMY. 36, 39. Tunisia: Kairouan, 1915 (F. Santschi, MHNG), 16. DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by the DISTIUBUTION: Circum-Mediterranean. stiff dorsal tibial setae, distally invaginated SYNONYMY: Garneri's Prosthesima bra- terminal apophysis base, relatively short em- chialis has apparently never been discussed bolus, and broad, angular terminal apophysis by subsequent authors (indeed, this seems to (figs. 9, 10), females by the v-shaped epigynal be the only spider species ever described by midpiece (figs. 11, 12). Garneri). His suggestion that the taxon is MALE: Described by Dalmas (1922). "affine alla P. suavis Simon ed alla P. latipes FEMALE: Described by Dalmas (1922). Canestr.," his indication that patella and tib- MATERIAL EXAMINED: Algeria: La Marsa, 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

Figs. 13-16. Setaphisfuscipes (Simon). 13. Left male palp, ventral view. 14. Same, retrolateral view. 15. Epigynum, ventral view. 16. Same, dorsal view.

May 25, 1990 (R. Bosmans, CRB), 1i; Setaphis fuscipes (Simon), Meurdja, Atlas de Blida, June 19, 1983, pit- new combination fall trap in cedarwood (R. Bosmans, CRB), Figures 13-16 1Y; M'Sila (R. Bosmans, CRB), 26; Oran (MNHN AR12623), 16, 10 (syntypes); Ou Echemusfuscipes Simon, 1885: 36 (two males and Tafna (R. Bosmans, CRB), 16; Sidi Freni, three females, possibly syntypes, from Djerba, Tunisia, in MNHN, examined; this locality was May 25, 1987 (R. Bosmans, CRB), 26, IY; not mentioned in Simon's original description Zarifete (R. Bosmans, CRB), 16. Spain: Md- but the specimens were collected by Letourneux laga: Maro, Mar. 23-Apr. 11, 1987 (J., F. and are presumed to be part of the type series). Murphy, JAM), 16. Camillinafuscipes: Berland, 1919: 462. SyNoNyMy: Marinaro (1967, figs. 19, 20) apparently misidentified a species of Zelotes DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by the as Camillina algerica, and therefore placed large embolus and distally truncated retro- what appears to be an actual male of C. al- lateral tibial apophysis (figs. 13, 14), females gerica as a new species, C. vivesi. Marinaro's by almost diamond-shaped medial epigynal indications-(1) that the male palp of C. vi- plate, the large epigynum, and the large, vesi is nearly identical to that of S. carmeli rounded median epigynal ducts (figs. 15, 16). (except for being slightly more voluminous MALE: Described by Simon (1885). and having a longer retrolateral tibial apoph- FEMALE: Described by Simon (1885). ysis), (2) that the carapace and leg coloration MATERIAL EXAMINED: Algeria: Abu el Man, is reddish yellow, and (3) that there is no leg Tassili, Apr. 18, 1979 (J. Mertens, CRB), 16; scopula-suggest that his single male belongs Colomb Beahar, Nov. 1-16,1948 (B. Malk- to C. algerica. in, AMNH), 16; El Golea (Dumont, MNHN DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Spain and AR25666), 19. Tunisia: Cherichera, 1915 (F. Algeria. Santschi, MHNG), 56, 1Y; Djerba (Letour- 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 9

t~~~ / 20

Figs. 17-20. 17, 18. Setaphis spiribulbis (Denis). 19, 20. S. villiersi (Denis). 17. Left male palp, ventral view. 18. Same, retrolateral view. 19. Epigynum, ventral view. 20. Same, dorsal view. neux, MNHN AR12483), 26, 3Y (presumed Mellah, May 20, 195 1, dunes on schist (Gat- syntypes). tefosse, MNHN AR 1 856), 16 (holotype). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Algeria DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type and Tunisia. locality in Morocco. Setaphis spiribulbis (Denis), Setaphis subtilis (Simon), new combination new combination Figures 17, 18 Figures 21-24 Zelotes spiribulbis Denis, 1952: 125, figs. 25, 26 Mulicymnis subtilis Simon, 1897: 97 (three female (male holotype from Oued Mellah, Morocco, in syntypes from Masqat, Oman, in MNHN, MNHN, examined). examined). Mulicymnis lubrica Simon, 1905: 169 (female DiAGNosIs: Males resemble those ofS. fus- holotype from Pondicherry, India, in MNHN, cipes but have a much broader embolar base, examined). NEW SYNONYMY. a much narrower terminal apophysis, and a Camillina lubrica: Berland, 1919: 462. distally straight retrolateral tibial apophysis Camillina subtilis: Berland, 1919: 463. (figs. 17, 18). The single male palp available Camillina luteus Tucker, 1923: 343, fig. 60 (female has the embolus uncoiled; its appearance in syntype from Hanover, Cape Province, South figures 17 and 18 is reconstructed on the basis Africa, in SAM, examined). NEW SYNONYMY. of Camillina berlandi Denis, 1945: 47, fig. 13 (female the palpal illustration originally supplied holotype from Zeitun, near Cairo, Egypt, should by Denis. be in MNHN, lost). NEW SYNONYMY. MALE: Described by Denis (1952). Zelotes convolutus Denis, 1953: 338, figs. 3, 4 (two FEMALE: Unknown. male syntypes from Wadi Dharh, Yemen, should MATERIAL EXAMINED: Morocco: Oued be in National Museum of Natural History, 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

Figs. 21-24. Setaphis subtilis (Simon). 21. Left male palp, ventral view. 22. Same, retrolateral view. 23. Epigynum, ventral view. 24. Same, dorsal view.

Smithsonian Institution, lost). NEW SYNON- pane woodland (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), YMY. 16; Mboma Lagoon, Moremi Reserve, Aug. Camillina lutea: Bonnet, 1956: 944. 23-30, 1977, pitfall trap, short sporobolus Drassodes oppenheimeri Tikader, 1973: 186, figs. grassland (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), 1i; 1-5 (two male and two female paratypes from Singur, Hoogly District, West Bengal, India, in Shorobe, Okavango Delta, Sept. 11, 1975, ZSI, examined), 1982: 400, fig. 238-243. NEW floodplain grassland (A. Russell-Smith, SYNONYMY. AMNH), 89; Thamakane River, Maun, Feb. 1, 1976, grassland (A. Russell-Smith, DiAGNosIs: This species resembles S. fus- BMNH), 19. Burkina Faso: Nord Yatenga, cipes in having a distally bent retrolateral tib- Oahigouya, July-Oct. 1992, pitfall traps (M. ial apophysis (fig. 22), but can be recognized N. De Visscher, G. Balan9a, MRAC), 46, 89. by the invaginated area of unsclerotized cu- Burundi: Plaine de la Ruzizi, Apr. 1968 (S. ticle situated at the base ofthe male terminal Ndani, MRAC), 19. Cameroon: Galim, Aug. apophysis (fig. 21) and by the distinctively 13-20,1971 (F. Puylaert, MRAC), 19. Egypt: shaped median epigynal ridge (fig. 23) and no specific locality, July 11, 1991 (H. K. El- enlarged posterior epigynal ducts (fig. 24) of Hennawy, CHE), 16, 19; Ras El-Barr, 10 km females. N Damietta, Aug. 1991 (H. K. El-Hennawy, MALE: Described by Denis (1953) and Ti- CHE), 16, Sept. 6, 1982 (H. K. El-Hennawy, kader (1973). CHE), 19. Ethiopia: Adernossa Ranch, Ada- FEMALE: Described by Simon (1897) and mi Tulu, June 17, 1982, open acacia wood- more recent authors. land on hill (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 16, MATERIAL EXAMINED: Botswana: Maxwee, 39; Axrum, Dec. 13, 1965 (J. L. Cloudsley- Okavango Delta, Sept. 1975, pitfall trap, Thompson, MRAC), 16; NE hotel, Awash grassland (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), 19, Oct. National Park, July 10, 1986, under stone, 10, 1975, floodplain grassland (A. Russell- arid grassland (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), Smith, AMNH), 116, 4ay-June 1976, mo- 16 (taken with 9 ofS. villiersi); W shore, Lake 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS I1I

Langano, Sept. 1, 1988, under stones, cyno- walpindi, Dec. 16, 1961, elev. 650 m (E. S. don grassland, elev. ca. 1600 m (A. Russell- Ross, D. Q. Cavagnaro, CAS), 19. Rwanda: Smith, AMNH), 16, 19; Ras Hotel, Awash 10 km N Ihema fishery, Nov. 19-Dec. 4, 1985 National Park, Apr. 21-22, 1988, tall grass (R. Jocque, Nsengimana, Michiels, MRAC), tussocks, grass with gravel, elev. ca. 1000 m 16; 50 km N Ihema fishery, near Lake Mih- (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 36, 2Q, June 22, indi, Nov. 23-Dec. 1985 (R. Jocque, Nsen- 1988, under heaps ofcut grass, elev. ca. 1000 gimana, Michiels, MRAC), 26. Saudi Arabia: m (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 36, 49, Oct. Riyadh, Jan. 11, 1980 (A. S. Talhouk, NMB), 6, 1988, under heaps of cut grass, elev. ca. 19. Senegal: 5-10 km S Richard Toll, Aug. 1000 m (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 29. In- 1989, semiarid thornbush (J. Everts, MRAC), dia: Pondicherry (MNHN AR 1642), 19 (ho- 29; Sonkorong, Kaymore, June 14, 1994, leaf lotype). West Bengal: Singur, Hoogly Dis- litter, bush fallow (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), trict, June 6, 1972 (J. R. Oppenheimer, ZSI), 29. South Africa: Cape Province: Hanover, 26, 29 (paratypes). Ivory Coast: Barrage Ya- Sept.-Nov. 1901 (S. C. Cronwright Schreiner, bra, near Zatta, Nov. 1, 1975 (R. Jocque, SAM), 19 (syntype); Oudtshoorn, Oct. 29, MRAC), 18; Gagnoa, Mar. 30, 1995, pitfall 1949 (B. Malkin, CAS), 19. Orange Free State: traps, upland rice fields (A. Russell-Smith, Florisbad, Nov. 9-23, 1987, pitfall traps AMNH), 26, 29; N Korhogo, Bandama Riv- (NMBL), 16, 19. Transvaal:Brits, 1984-1985, er, May 5, 1980, center riverine forest (J. pitfall traps, cotton (R. Watmough, NCA), Everts, MRAC), 16, 19; Kossou, June 23, 36; 10 km N Grasskop, Dec. 19-31, 1985, 1975, savanna (R. Jocque, MRAC), 19; Tou- pitfall trap, grass veld (S., J. Peck, AMNH), ba, Aug. 23, 1994, upland rice field (A. Rus- 19; Groblersdal, Mar. 8, 1982, cotton plant sell-Smith, AMNH), 46, 19; Warda Head- (NCA), 26, Nov. 18, 1982, pitfall trap, cotton quarters, Bouake, Sept. 12, 1994, pitfall trap, (NCA), 19; Guernsey Farm, 15 km NE Klas- upland rice field (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), erie, Dec. 18-31, 1985, pitfall traps, wood- 16. Kenya: Baringo, Aug. 28, 1972 (J., F. land (S., J. Peck, AMNH), 106, 49; Oudek- Murphy, JAM), 19, July 24-27, 1974 (J., F. raal, Groblersdal, Jan. 10, 1980 (M. S. Greeff, Murphy, JAM), 16, 19; Kilifi, Aug. 18-Sept. NCA), 16, 1Y; Rust De Winter, Mar. 17, 1981, 3, 1980, scrub, litter (J., F. Murphy, JAM), pitfall trap, cotton (NCA), 19. Tanzania: 29; 11 mi S Maktau, Nov. 2, 1957, elev. 1000 Mkomazi Game Reserve, 7 km SE Ibaya, m (E. S. Ross, R. E. Leech, CAS), 19. Mali: Aug. 22-23, 1993, pitfall traps, short grass Sikano, Sept. 1971 (G. Peirrard, MRAC), 19. with bushes, burned (M. Ritchie, R. Makusi, Nigeria: Idanre Hills, Aug. 4, 1974, trilepis AMNH), 16, 29. Thailand: Kanchanaburi: mat on granite (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), Erawan National Park, Nov. 16, 1987, in 16. North-Western: Mokwa, Aug. 31, 1974, cabin at night (C. Deeleman-Reinhold, CCD), 14-year savanna regrowth (A. Russell-Smith, 16. Zaire: Kivu: between Kalundu and Ka- BMNH), 26. Western: lita, Ibadan, Jan. 26, vimvira, June 1961 (R. Kiss, MRAC), 19; 1973, fallow bush (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), Plaine de la Ruindi Bulemba, June 21, 1972, 16, Feb. 2, 1973 (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), elev. 1000 m, in termite nest (R. P. M. Le- 26, 19, May 24, 1973, fallow bush (A. Russell- jeune, MRAC), 29. Zimbabwe: Dyke, Falcon Smith, AMNH), 36, July 24,1973, cultivated College, Dec. 16, 1984 (NMZ), 19; Malene plots (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 16, 19, Dec. Rest Camp, Matopos National Park, Feb. 9, 12, 1973 (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), 29, Dec. 1988 (J. Minshull, NMZ), 19. 27, 1973, cultivated plots (A. Russell-Smith, DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the Old AMNH), 36, Mar. 18, 1974 (A. Russell-Smith, World, from West and South Africa through BMNH), 166, Mar. 18, 1974, cultivated plots Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Near East to Paki- (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 19. Oman: Jebel stan, India, and Thailand. Shams, Oct. 1976, elev. 3035 m, under rock SYNONYMY: The various redescriptions are on summit (P. M. Booth, BMNH), 16; easy to understand, given the surprisingly Masqat, Oct. 1896 (M. Maindron, MNHN wide distribution ofthe species, and its place- AR1 636), 39 (syntypes). Pakistan: near At- ment in so many different genera. Although tock, Dec. 22, 1961, elev. 300 m (E. S. Ross, the types are not available, Denis' illustra- D. Q. Cavagnaro, CAS), 19; 12 mi NE Ra- tions of the epigynum of Camillina berlandi 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

27.7.

Figs. 25-28. Setaphis mollis (0. P.-Cambridge). 25. Left male palp, ventral view. 26. Same, retrolateral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 28. Same, dorsal view. and the palp ofZelotes convolutus leave little Prosthesima mollis 0. P.-Cambridge, 1874: 381, doubt that, in both cases, he had this species. pl. 51, fig. 9 (female holotype from Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt, in HDO, examined). Echemus mollis: Strand, 1915: 139. Setaphis villiersi (Denis), Zelotes mollis: Reimoser, 1919: 169. new combination Camillina mollis: Berland, 1919: 462. Figures 19, 20 DIAGNosIs: Males of this distinctive spe- Camillina villiersi Denis, 1955: 110, fig. 9 (female cies can be recognized by the elongated ter- holotype from Teouar, Niger, in MNHN, minal apophysis (figs. 25, 26), females by the examined). rectangular epigynal midpiece (figs. 27, 28). DIAGNosIs: Females resemble those of S. MALE: Total length 4.59. Carapace 2.11 subtilis but have much shorter epigynal ridges long, 1.47 wide. Femur II 1.05 long. Eye sizes (figs. 19, 20). and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.09, MALE: Unknown. PME 0.1 1, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.06, AME- FEMALE: Described by Denis (1955). ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.02, PME-PLE 0.03, MATERIAL EXAMINED: Ethiopia: NE hotel, ALE-PLE 0.10; MOQ length 0.29, front width Awash National Park, July 10, 1986, under 0.25, back width 0.25. Leg spination: femur stone, arid grassland (A. Russell-Smith, IV dl-1-1, p0-1-1, rO-1-1. Terminal apoph- AMNH), 1Q (taken with d of S. subtilis). Ni- ysis elongate, extending beyond distal edge ger: Teouar, Aug. 17-22, 1947, elev. 800- of embolar base (fig. 25); retrolateral tibial 900 m (L. Chopard, A. Villiers, MNHN apophysis distally curved (fig. 26). AR1897), 19 (holotype). FEMALE: Described by 0. P.-Cambridge DISTRIBurION: Known only from Niger and (1874). Ethiopia. MATERIAL EXAMINED: Algeria: Biskra (MNHN AR2919), 1Q (with male of second Setaphis mollis (0. P.-Cambridge), genus). Egypt: Alexandria: Alexandria, Apr. new combination 1864, under stone (0. P.-Cambridge, HDO), Figures 25-28 19 (holotype), same locality, no date (MNHN 1996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 13

Figs. 29-32. Setaphis simplex (Simon). 29. Left male palp, ventral view. 30. Same, retrolateral view. 31. Epigynum, ventral view. 32. Same, dorsal view.

AR 1864), 46, 222. Libya: no specific locality (superfluous replacement name for Zelotes (J. A. L. Cooke, HDO), 22. Tunisia: no spe- longestylus Caporiacco). NEW SYNONYMY. cific locality, 1960 (J. A. L. Cooke, HDO), DiAGNosIs: Males have a triangular, sharp- 12. ly pointed terminal apophysis, a greatly elon- DISTRIBUTION: North Africa. gated embolar base, and a straight, narrow retrolateral tibial apophysis (figs. 29, 30). Fe- Setaphis simplex (Simon), males resemble those of S. fuscipes in the new combination shape of the epigynal midpiece, but have an Figures 29-32 elaborate m-shaped epigynal ridge (figs. 31, Echemus simplex Simon, 1885: 36 (12 female 32). The width ofthe epigynal midpiece var- syntypes from Medjez, Bokhari, and ies considerably; it is sometimes narrower, Orleansville, Algeria, and other localities, in and sometimes wider, than shown in figure MNHN, examined). 31. Camillina simplex: Berland, 1919: 462. MALE: Described by Caporiacco (1936) and Zelotes longestylus Caporiacco, 1936: 75, figs. 2- Di Franco (1994). 3 (male and female syntypes from Fezzan, Libya, FEMALE: Described by Simon (1885), Ca- in Museo di Storia Naturale, Firenze, Italy, poriacco (1936), and Di Franco (1994). examined by F. Di Franco). Preoccupied by MATERIAL EXAMINED: Algeria: Bekkaria, Simon, 1914. Zelotes caporiaccoi Roewer, 1951: 443 Mar. 2, 1989 (R. Bosmans, CRB), 12; Med- (replacement name for Zelotes longestylus jez, Bokhari, Orleansville, Kef el Ailhdar Caporiacco). NEW SYNONYMY. (spelling uncertain) (MNHN AR5598), 122 Zelotes longistylus: Bonnet, 1959: 4933 (invalid (syntypes). Libya: no specific locality, 1960 emendation). (J. A. L. Cooke, HDO), 12. Morocco: Melilla Zelotes stylus Di Franco, 1994: 214, figs. 1-4 (MNHN AR1997), 16, 1Q. 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

35. j / // / / 1

36 .:if7

Figs. 33-36. Setaphis browni (Tucker). 33. Left male palp, ventral view. 34. Same, retrolateral view. 35. Epigynum, ventral view. 36. Same, dorsal view.

DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia coil (figs. 33, 34), females by the oddly shaped (record of Di Franco, 1994), and Libya. epigynal midpiece and the extensive postero- SYNONYMY: We follow Di Franco's iden- lateral epigynal ducts (figs. 35, 36). tification of Zelotes longestylus Caporiacco; MALE: Total length 3.20. Carapace 1.47 her excellent illustrations clearly show both long, 1. 17 wide. Femur 11 1.02 long. Eye sizes sexes ofS. simplex (whereas Caporiacco's fig- and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, ures can only be described as caricatures). PME 0.13, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.04, AME- ALE 0.00, PME-PME 0.00, PME-PLE 0.02, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ length 0.31, front width Setaphis browni (Tucker), 0.23, back width 0.26. Leg spination: femur new combination IV p0-0-0, rO-0-0; tibia IV p0-0-0, 1-0-1; Figures 33-36 metatarsi: I v2-0- 1 p; 11 v2-0-2. Embolus very Camillina browni Tucker, 1923: 341, fig. 58 (female small, facing retrolaterally (fig. 33); retrola- holotype from Vryburg, Cape of Good Hope, teral tibial apophysis moderately long, straight South Africa, should be in South African (fig. 34). Museum, lost, according to Dr. V. B. FEMALE: Described by Tucker (1923). Whitehead). MATERiAL EXAMINED: Botswana: Kgale Liodrassus mandae Tikader and Gajbe, 1977: 20, Hill, Gaborone, Jan. 18, 1976, under stones figs. 4A-D (female holotype from Bherigat, (A. Russell-Smith, BMNH), 36, 3Q; Smiti, Himachal Pradesh, India, in ZSI, examined).- Okavango Delta, Apr. 4, 1975, mopane Tikader, 1982: 384, figs. 208-212. NEW woodland (A. SYNONYMY. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 1Q. Nodocion mandae: Brignoli, 1983: 574. India: Himachal Pradesh: Bherigat, Bilaspur District, Aug. 1, 1972 (M. Chandra, ZSI), 1Q DIAGNosIs: Males can be recognized by the (holotype). Namibia: 45 km N Okahandja, extremely low, broad terminal apophysis and Prelude Farm, Oct. 16-25, 1987, pitfall trap small, tight, retrolaterally oriented embolar in ungrazed area (R. Jocque, MRAC), 16. Pa- 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 15

37 38 39

J)]F

I'.4

Figs. 37-40. Setaphis jocquei, new species. 37. Left male palp, ventral view. 38. Same, retrolateral view. 39. Epigynum, ventral view. 40. Same, dorsal view. kistan: Punjab: Faisalabad, May 20, 1992, and distinguished arachnologist, Dr. Rudy vineyard floor (A. Butt, UAF), 16 (also 1Q, Jocque. only illustrations seen). South Africa: Trans- DiAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by the vaal: Dendron, Sept. 1970 (J. Viljoen, NCA, short, triangular terminal apophysis and JAM), 86, 6Q; Groblersdal, Oudestad, Feb. strongly hooked median apophysis (figs. 37, 28, 1980 (M. Greeff, NCA), 16; 15 km NE 38), females by the u-shaped median epigynal Klaserie, Guernsey Farm, Dec. 18-31, 1985, plate and u-shaped median epigynal ridge woodland, baited yellow pitfall traps (S., J. (figs. 39, 40). Peck, AMNH), 26. Zaire: Shaba: Jaslotville, MALE: Total length 2.63. Carapace 1.05 Oct. 1956 (Z. Baey, MRAC), 16. long, 0.75 wide. Femur 110.68 long. Eye sizes DISTRIBUTION: Southern and central Africa and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.07, to northern Pakistan and India. PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.02, AME- SYNONYMY: The redescription by Tikader ALE 0.00, PME-PME 0.01, PME-PLE 0.02, and Gajbe was presumably due both to the ALE-PLE 0.06; MOQ length 0.23, front width generic misplacements and the unexpectedly 0.14, back width 0.15. Leg spination: femora: wide distribution of the species, which III pO-0-1, rO-0-0; IV rO-0-0; tibiae: III p0- matches that of S. subtilis (although the spe- 1-1; IV rl-1-0; metatarsi: II vlp-0-0; III p0- cies may have been introduced into Asia by 2-2, rO-1-2; IV v2-lp-0, r2-1-1. Terminal humans). apophysis small, triangular, median apophysis large, hooked (fig. 37); retrolateral tibial Setaphis jocquei, new species apophysis produced ventrally (fig. 38). Figures 37-40 FEMALE: Total length 2.93. Carapace 1.24 long, 0.83 wide. Femur 110.75 long. Eye sizes TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, from a humid savanna at Kossou, Ivory Coast PME 0.07, PLE 0.05; AME-AME 0.03, AME- (July 22-30, 1974; R. Jocque), deposited in ALE 0.00, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.02, MRAC. ALE-PLE 0.03; MOQ length 0.14, front width ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a pa- 0.16, back width 0.18. Leg spination: femora tronym in honor of the dedicated collector I, II p0-0-0. Anterior epigynal ridge short, 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

43 Ii\.\.j(j

'2/

Figs. 41-44. Setaphis atlantica (Berland). 41. Left male palp, ventral view. 42. Same, retrolateral view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Same, dorsal view. not reaching to posterior tip ofepigynal mid- Setaphis atlantica: Schmidt and Krause, 1994: 8. piece (fig. 39); posterior epigynal ducts almost Setaphisfibulata: Schmidt and Krause, 1994: 8. circular (fig. 40). OTHER MATERiAL EXAMINED: Ivory Coast: DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by the Kossou, July 22-30, 1974, humid savanna long, narrow terminal apophysis (figs. 41,42), (R. Jocque, MRAC), 36, 1Q, Oct. 10, 1974 females by having the median epigynal ridge (R. Jocque, MRAC), 19, Dec. 1-15, 1974 (R. almost meeting the anterior epigynal margin Jocque, MRAC), 2Q, Apr. 15-28, 1975 (R. (figs. 43, 44). Jocque, MRAC), 46, May 13-25, 1975 (R. MALE: Described by Berland (1936). Jocque, MRAC), 46, May 23-June 10, 1975 FEMALE: Described by Berland (1936). (R. Jocque, MRAC), 16, Aug. 4, 1975 (R. MATERIAL EXAMINED: Cape Verde Islands: Jocque, MRAC), 19; Warda Headquarters, Ponta do Sol, Santo Antao (MNHN), 1Q (ho- Bouake, Sept. 12, 1994, pitfall traps, upland lotype); Sao Nicolau, 1958 (L. Pequeno, rice field (A. Russell-Smith, AMNH), 26, 29. MRAC), 16. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Ivory DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Cape Coast. Verde Islands. SYNONYMY: Berland (1936) thought that C. Setaphis atlantica (Berland) fibulata was probably not the male of C. at- Figures 41-44 lantica because it had some abdominal mark- Camillina atlantica Berland, 1936: 72, figs. 4, 5 ings not found in that female. However, the (female holotype from Santo Antao, Cape Verde male noted above (which fits Berland's palpal Islands, in MNHN, examined). illustrations well) lacks those abdominal Camillina fibulata Berland, 1936: 72, figs. 6-8 markings, and we conclude that there is as (male holotype from Sal Rei, Cape Verde Islands, yet no evidence that more than one species in MNHN, not available). NEW SYNONYMY. ofSetaphis occurs in the Cape Verde Islands. 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 17

Figs. 45-48. Setaphis gomerae (Schmidt). 45. Left male palp, ventral view. 46. Same, retrolateral view. 47. Epigynum, ventral view. 48. Same, dorsal view.

Setaphis gomerae (Schmidt), rino, Aug. 29, 1990, pitfall trap, elev. 900 m new combination (C. Campos, CJW), 39; Parrelillo, Aug. 29, Figures 45-48 1990, pitfall trap, elev. 400 m (C. Campos, CJW), 29; Pinar Tamadaba, Aug. 22, 1990, Camillina gigas (misidentification): Schmidt, 1973: pitfall trap, elev. 1200 m (C. Campos, CJW), 362, figs. 4a, b (male only, not female holotype). 19; Pique Nublo, Apr. (J. Wunderlich, CJW), Zelotes gomerae Schmidt, 1981: 91, fig. 3 (female 26, 19. La Palma: Barranco Angustias, Feb.- holotype from Garajonay, Gomera, Canary Mar. (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 16, 29; Mazo, Islands, in NMS, examined). Mar. 18, 1975 (G. Schmidt, NMS), 16. Ten- Camillina canariensis (misidentification): Schmidt, erife: no specific locality (J. Wunderlich, 1982: 396. CJW), 26, 1 , Nov. 1975 (P. Oromi, AMNH), DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by the 19, Mar. 1990 (D. Kn6sel, CJW), 36, 2Q; Ba- short projection restricted to the retrolateral jamar, Feb. 30, 1974 (B. Malkin, AMNH), side of the terminal apophysis (figs. 45, 46), 26; Cafiadas, May, elev. 2000 m (J. Wun- females by the small, m-shaped epigynal ridge derlich, CJW), 16; El Escobonal, Dec. 16, 1984 surrounding narrow, y-shaped ducts (fig. 47) (D. Jones, CDJ), 19; Giuimar, Dec. 16, 1984 and the sharply recurved posterior epigynal (D. Jones, CDJ), 16, 19; Masca, Apr., under ducts and protuberant, narrow ducts in the stones (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 16, 19; Mer- pair ofanterolateral epigynal excavations (fig. cedes forest, Apr.-June (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 48). 16; Pinar Peral, Las Cafiadas, July 18-Sept. MALE: Described by Schmidt (1973). 19, 1984, pitfall traps, elev. 2400 m (C. G. FEMALE: Described by Schmidt (1981). Campos G., CPA), 46, 19, May 1-July 23, MATERIAL EXAMINED: Canary Islands: no 1985, pitfall traps, elev. 1700 m (C. G. Cam- specific locality (MNHN AR1630), 39. Go- pos G., CPA), 29; Puerto De Santiago, Apr. mera: Garajonay (G. Schmidt, NMS), 1 (ho- (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 16; N Tijoco de Ar- lotype). Gran Canaria: Agaete, Aug., under riba, Dec. 19, 1984 (D. Jones, JAM), 19. stone (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 19; Barranco DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the west- Guguy Grande, Aug. 4,1990, pitfall trap, elev. ern Canary Islands (Gomera, Gran Canaria, 300 m (C. Campos, CJW), 19; Barranco Me- La Palma, and Tenerife). 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

Figs. 49-52. Setaphis walteri, new species. 49. Left male palp, ventral view. 50. Same, retrolateral view. 51. Epigynum, ventral view. 52. Same, dorsal view.

Setaphis walteri, new species and interdiLstances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.11, Figures 49-52 PME 0.12, F?LE 0. 11; AME-AME 0.05, AME- ALE 0.02, 1PME-PME 0.01, PME-PLE 0.04, Camillina canariensis (misidentification): Schmidt, ALE-PLE 0..06; MOQ length 0.27, front width 1976: 325. 0.23, back vvidth 0.26. Leg spination: femora Camillina gigas (misidentification): Schmidt, 1981: IV p--0,1 tibiae: III rl-l-l; IV 91. rO-l-l; p1- 2-2, v2-2-0;; metatarsi: II vlp-0-0; III v2-2- TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype 0; IV rl-l-l1. Embolus long, strongly coiled, from Jandia, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands terminal apoophysis broad, rounded (fig. 49); (May; J. Wunderlich), deposited in AMNH retrolateral tibial apophysis displaced dor- courtesy of the collector. sally at tip ((fig. 50). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a pa- FEMALE: Total length 5.64. Carapace 2.74 tronym in honor ofAmerican Museum Trus- long, 2.07 wride. Femur II 1.99 long. Eye sizes tee Henry G. Walter, Jr., on the occasion of and interdi:[stances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.13, his 85th birthday. PME 0.12,1FPLE 0.12; AME-AME 0.09, AME- DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of S. ALE 0.03, 1PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.05, gomerae but have larger embolar coils, a lon- ALE-PLE 0..08; MOQ length 0.34, front width ger, more distally extended terminal apoph- 0.27, back vvidth 0.29. Leg spination: femora ysis base, and lack a projection on the retro- IV p0-1-1, rO-l-l; tibiae: III rl-l-l; IV r2- lateral side of the terminal apophysis (figs. 1-1; metatairsi III v2-2-0. Epigynal ridge sit- 49, 50); females can be recognized by the uated near aanterior epigynal margin (fig. 51); diamond-shaped space between the median anterior epiigynal ducts with posteriorly di- epigynal ducts (fig. 51) and the posteriorly rected extennsions (fig. 52). directed blind extensions situated on the an- OTHER M4ATERIAL EXAMINED: Canary Is- terior epigynal ducts (fig. 52). lands: Fuerteventura: Jandia, May (J. Wun- MALE: Total length 5.26. Carapace 2.33 derlich, CJ'W), 16, 19; Puerto del Rosaria, long, 1.54 wide. Femur II 1.50 long. Eye sizes May, under stone (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 16; 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 19

Figs. 53-56. Setaphis wunderlichi, new species. 53. Left male palp, ventral view. 54. Same, retrolateral view. 55. Epigynum, ventral view. 56. Same, dorsal view.

Puerto del Tosken, May (J. Wunderlich, by the short, recurved median epigynal ducts CJW), lY; Tarajalejo, June 28, 1973 (G. (fig. 55) and the narrow posterior epigynal Schmidt, NMS), 16. Isla de Lobos: no specific ducts (fig. 56). locality, Mar. 1993 (G. Schmidt, CGS), 1. MALE: Total length 6.24. Carapace 2.74 Lanzarote: Arrecife, near airport, Mar. 22- long, 2.22 wide. Femur 112.07 long. Eye sizes 23,1974 (B. Malkin, AMNH), IY; El Golfo, and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.11, May, under stone (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 1Y; PME 0.13, PLE 0.13; AME-AME 0.08, AME- Femco, May, elev. 400 m (J. Wunderlich, ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.06, CJW), 16. ALE-PLE 0.09; MOQ length 0.36, front width DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the east- 0.27, back width 0.29. Leg spination: femora ern Canary Islands (Fuerteventura, Isla de IV pO-1-i, rO-1-1; tibiae: III p2-1-1, r2-1-2; Lobos, and Lanzarote). IV p2-I-1, r2-0-2; metatarsi: II v2-1-0; III p2-1-1, v2-2-0, rl-2-2; IV pl-2-1, rl-2-2. Setaphis wunderlichi, new species Embolus short, forming single coil (fig. 53); Figures 53-56 retrolateral tibial apophysis moderately long, TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype straight (fig. 54). taken under stones at Las Hayas, Gomera, FEMALE: Total length 7.14. Carapace 2.63 Canary Islands (July; J. Wunderlich), depos- long, 1.96 wide. Femur 11 1.88 long. Eye sizes ited in AMNH courtesy of the collector. and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a pa- PME 0.12, PLE 0.13; AME-AME 0.06, AME- tronym in honor of the distinguished arach- ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.03, PME-PLE 0.05, nologist, Jorg Wunderlich, who is the only ALE-PLE 0.07; MOQ length 0.29, front width person to have collected this species. 0.23, back width 0.27. Leg spination: tibiae: DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of S. III r2-1- 1; IV p2-0-2, r2- 1 - 1; metatarsi: III gomerae but have a much smaller embolar v2-2-0, rl-2-2; IV rl-2-2. Median epigynal coil (figs. 53, 54); females can be recognized ridge wide (fig. 55); anterior epigynal ducts 20 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

Figs. 57-60. Setaphis canariensis (Simon). 57. Left male palp, ventral view. 58. Same, retrolateral view. 59. Epigynum, ventral view. 60. Same, dorsal view. expanded, with posteriorly directed exten- NOTE: Males and females have not been sions (fig. 56). collected together, but are matched here be- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: Canary Is- cause of their respective similarities to the lands: Gomera: Garajonay, July, under stone males and females of S. wunderlichi. (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 1Q; Arure, July (J. DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of S. Wunderlich, CJW), 16; Barranco of Valle- wunderlichi in having a relatively small em- hermosa, July, under stone, elev. 700 m (J. bolar coil, but lack a projection on the retro- Wunderlich, CJW), 16; El Cedro, June-July, lateral side of the terminal apophysis (figs. under stones (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 39; Las 57, 58); females resemble those of S. wun- Hayas, July, under stones (J. Wunderlich, derlichi in having relatively narrow posterior CJW), 19. Hierro: Las Playas, Aug. 1985, un- epigynal ducts but have a wider epigynal sep- der stone (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 1Q. La Pal- tum (fig. 59) and distinctive anterolaterally ma: Cumbrecita, Aug., under stone (J. Wun- directed blind extensions on the anterior epi- derlich, CJW), 19. gynal ducts (fig. 60). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the far MALE: Total length 5.00. Carapace 2.42 western Canary Islands (Gomera, Hierro, and long, 1.99 wide. Femur 112.03 long. Eye sizes La Palma). and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0. 13, PLE 0.1 1; AME-AME 0.06, AME- Setaphis canariensis (Simon) ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.02, PME-PLE 0.04, Figures 57-60 ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ length 0.25, front width Echemus canariensis Simon, 1883: 292, fig. 16 0.24, back width 0.28. Leg spination: femora (female holotype from Canary Islands, in IV p1-0-1, rO-1-1; tibiae III rI-I-i; IV r2-0- MNHN, examined). 2. Embolus relatively small, with two com- Camillina canariensis: Berland, 1919: 462. plete coils (fig. 57); retrolateral tibial apoph- Setaphis canariensis: Schmidt, 1990: 12. ysis short (fig. 58). 1 996 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: SETAPHIS 21

Figs. 61, 62. Setaphis villiersi (Denis), left male palp. 61. Ventral view. 62. Retrolateral view.

FEMALE: Described by Simon (1883). May, elev. 400 m (J. Wunderlich, CJW), 16; MATERIAL EXAMINED: Canary Islands: no Haria, May, under stone (J. Wunderlich, specific locality (Verneau, MNHN AR78), 1 Y CJW), 16. (holotype). Lanzarote: dunes S Orzola, Dec. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Lanza- 27-28, 1983 (D. Jones, CDJ), 36; El Jable, rote (Canary Islands). Dec. 26, 1983 (D. Jones, CDJ), 16; Femes,

ADDENDUM After this paper had been completed, Moira and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, FitzPatrick (NMZ) made us aware of a splen- PME 0.12, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.05, AME- did series of Setaphis specimens from So- ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.02, PME-PLE 0.04, malia, belonging to the Museo di Storia Na- ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ length 0.24, front width turale, Firenze, Italy (MSN). As this series, 0.23, back width 0.24. Leg spination: tibiae: made available to us through the courtesy of II vlr-lr-2; IV r2-1-1; metatarsi: I v2-2-0; II Dr. Sarah Mascherini (MSN), includes the v2-lp-0. Terminal apophysis short, embolar first known males of S. villiersi, we append a base with distinct retrolateral apophysis just description of them. below origin of embolar coils (fig. 61); retro- DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those ofS. spi- lateral tibial apophysis straight (fig. 62). ribulbis in having a highly coiled embolus, MATERIAL EXAMINED: Somalia: Sar Uanle, but differ in having a much smaller embolar Oct. 22-Nov. 5, 1971 (MSN), 7Q, Nov. 16, base bearing a distinct retrolateral apophysis 1971 (MSN), 26, May 28-June 18, 1973 (figs. 61, 62). (MSN), 7Y, June 20-21, 1973 (MSN), 36, Oct. MALE: Total length 3.87. Carapace 1.62 26 (MSN), 16. long, 1.28 wide. Femur 11 1.05 long. Eye sizes 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3162

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