DOCSLIB.ORG

Geochemical Characteristic and Petrogenesis of Malumfashi Schist Around Tandama Area, North-Western Nigeria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geochemical Characteristic and Petrogenesis of Malumfashi Schist Around Tandama Area, North-Western Nigeria British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 20(1): 1-14, 2017; Article no.BJAST.30116 ISSN: 2231-0843, NLM ID: 101664541 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Geochemical Characteristic and Petrogenesis of Malumfashi Schist around Tandama Area, North-Western Nigeria Idzi O. Alaku1*, Ogunbajo I. Moshood1, Ako T. Agbor1 and Alabi A. Amos1 1Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors IOA and ATA designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors ATA and OIM managed the analyses of the study. Author IOA managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI:10.9734/BJAST/2017/30116 Editor(s): (1) Fazel Khaleghi, Geology Department, Azad University, Iran. Reviewers: (1) José Martínez Reyes, University of the Ciénega of Michoacán State, México. (2) Angelo Paone, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/18564 Received 18th October 2016 Accepted 27th February 2017 Original Research Article Published 10th April 2017 ABSTRACT Malumfashi schists which occur in association with migmatite-gneisses and biotite granite, occupy about 60% of Tandama area, north-western Nigeria. These rocks were studied with a view to evaluate their compositional characteristics and their evolution. The lithology revealed from systematic mapping and petrographic examinations shows that the schist is mica schist, which is part of the Malumfashi Schist Belt of Nigeria. The mica schist consists of greater than 50% micaceous minerals and less than 50% quartz and feldspar. It is light grey to silver grey in colour, well foliated and mostly weathered to rusty brown or reddish brown. Mineralogical determinations from optical studies show a high proportion of biotite and minor amounts of plagioclase and quartz. Chemical analysis of the samples obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) instrumentation method, involving major and trace elements reveals the nature of the mica schist. The A-CN-K diagram reveals a shale protolith which suffered moderate to high chemical weathering, prior to being metamorphosed. Obtained Rb/Sr ratio (>0.4%) and SiO2/Al2O3 values support the shale protolith hypothesis for the schist, diagnostic _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Alaku et al.; BJAST, 20(1): 1-14, 2017; Article no.BJAST.30116 geochemical features like the Na2O/Al2O3 values, trace element ratios such as Th/U and REE patterns suggest that the protolith are predominantly derived from felsic igneous sources. Tectonically, SiO2/Al2O3 versus K2O/Na2O plot revealed the protolith to have evolved within passive margin environment. Keywords: Malumfashi schist; inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy; shale protolith; passive margin environment. 1. INTRODUCTION Different models had been put forward for the evolution of the schist belts in Nigeria. McCurry The Basement Complex of Nigeria, which forms [4] is in favour of the evolution of the schist belts part of the Late Archean to early Proterozoic through ensialic processes. [5] favoured the Pan-African mobile belt, is made up of three evolution through ensimatic processes, [6] and lithological units namely; the migmatite-gneisses, [7] suggested the formation of rift zones where the schist belts and the Pan-Africa granites [1]. sufficient extension led to the production of small The schist belts occur dominantly in the western basin. Holt [8] favoured formation through both half of the Basement Complex of the country, ensialic and ensimatic. Geochemical features exhibiting distinct petrological and structural presented by [9] suggested the Kazaure Schist features and they are made up of mainly low to Belt to be of sedimentary origin, probably medium grade metasediments. The schist belt generated from the metamorphism of shale- form essentially north-south trending belts, greywacke. composed largely of metamorphosed pelitic and psamitic assemblages. The Malumfashi schist belt has been studied by [2,3] on a regional scale on the basis of The schists of the study area, which lies between petrography and not geochemistry. The research latitudes 11°22ʹ to 11°30ʹN and longitudes 07° conducted by the Nigerian Geological Survey 23ʹ to 07°30ʹE and covers a total area of 195 Agency (NGSA) has not been published yet. This km2, belong to the Malumfashi schist belt located study investigates the geochemical and in the NW of Nigeria. It is one of the twelve schist petrogenetic features of part of Malumfashi schist belts so far recognized in Nigeria, comprising belt, around Tandama area, in order to basically of schists, migmatite-gneiss, quartzite, reconstruct its evolution. and Older granite with aplite and pegmatite forming minor lithologies. Malumfashi schist belt 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS consists mainly of muscovite and biotite schist and phyllite interbedded with thin quartzites [2]. Field study and laboratory work constitute the The pelitic rocks include minor graphitic and research methodology. The field study involved feldspathic schists, and contain frequent quartz of mapping of all the lithological units within the and quartz-tourmaline veins. Interbedded study area. The study was carried out utilizing quartzites are dominantly massive. Well-bedded rock exposures along roads and stream quartzite units, sometimes several tens of metres channels. Spatial relationship, texture and thick, also occur. Minor rocks are spessartite structural characteristics of the rock exposure quartzite, calc-silicate rocks and anthophyllite were studied. A base map was used to mark the cordierite schist. Amphibolite form occasional corresponding points where rocks occur in the discontinuous bands, with the largest occurrence field and were sampled. Detail observation of being only approximately 12 m thick. The lithological contacts was also done by careful Malumfashi schist belt has been compared studying of areas in the field where lithologies lithologically with the Kushaka schist belt [3]. But change form one type to another. there are other important differences: (1) the quartzites are detrital and not chemically In the laboratory, rock thin sections were precipitated iron-silica formations; and (2) rocks prepared from representative rock samples of basic igneous composition are much less collected from the field and the thin sections important. The rocks represent a fairly well were prepared and used for petrographic studies. differentiated sequence of muds and fine-grained Both the thin section preparation and the sands. Structurally, the Malumfashi belt appears petrographic study were done in the Department similar to the Zungeru-Birnin Gwari Schist belt, of Geology laboratory, Federal University of matching it closely in size and form [3]. Technology, Minna, Nigeria. 2 Alaku et al.; BJAST, 20(1): 1-14, 2017; Article no.BJAST.30116 Thirteen rock samples obtained from the field composition qualifies it to be mica schist. The were taken to the Department of Geology and schist is light grey to silver grey in colour, well Mining, University of Jos, for sample preparation. foliated and mostly weathered to rusty brown or The samples were broken into smaller pieces reddish brown. The pelitic schist generally shows using geologic hammer, the smaller fragments a NE-SW orientation (strike) and with an average were crushed and reduced to powder using dip value of 54° W. Quartz veins within the pelitic FRITSCH Pulverisette 7. The powdered schist are concordant and parallel to the original samples, pulverised to 8% passing 200 mesh, fabrics of the pelites, and are between 0.05 to and measured to 5 g were transferred into 0.15 mm wide. labelled dispersing gloves for transportation to Acme laboratory at Vancouver, Canada, where In thin section, quartz occurs as coarse-grained, the whole rock geochemical analyses were done stretched, and white to greyish anhedral blasts. using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for major oxides Biotite occurs as light brown leaflet sometimes and Inductively coupled plasma mass slender and prismatic with occasional stumpy spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace elements. For laths and is pleochroic from light brown to the XRF method, a predetermined amount of reddish brown, showing alignment in the foliation sample is roasted to determine the loss on plane (Fig. 2). The feldspar mineral grains ignition (LOI). The roasted sample is then fused present are mainly plagioclase and minor K- in a platinum-gold crucible with a commercial feldspar. The plagioclase displays a narrow albite lithium tetraborate (LiB4O7) flux. The molten twin lamellae characteristic of more sodic material is cast in a platinum mold. Fused discs plagioclase, probably oligoclase. The K-feldspar are then analyzed by XRF. For the ICP-MS is colourless and the crystal form is subhedral to method, prepared sample is digested with a anhedral displaying cross-hatched twinning, modified Aqua Regia solution of equal parts typical of microcline. They sometimes exhibit concentrated HCl, HNO3 and DI H2O for one poikiloblastic texture and are characterized by hour in a heating block or hot water bath. Sample inclusion of fine quartz and some mica. The is made up to volume with dilute HCl.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Systematic Nomenclature for Metamorphic Rocks
    A systematic nomenclature for metamorphic rocks: 1. HOW TO NAME A METAMORPHIC ROCK Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: Web version 1/4/04. Rolf Schmid1, Douglas Fettes2, Ben Harte3, Eleutheria Davis4, Jacqueline Desmons5, Hans- Joachim Meyer-Marsilius† and Jaakko Siivola6 1 Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, ETH-Centre, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland, [email protected] 2 British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, [email protected] 3 Grant Institute of Geology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, [email protected] 4 Patission 339A, 11144 Athens, Greece 5 3, rue de Houdemont 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, [email protected] 6 Tasakalliontie 12c, 02760 Espoo, Finland ABSTRACT The usage of some common terms in metamorphic petrology has developed differently in different countries and a range of specialised rock names have been applied locally. The Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks (SCMR) aims to provide systematic schemes for terminology and rock definitions that are widely acceptable and suitable for international use. This first paper explains the basic classification scheme for common metamorphic rocks proposed by the SCMR, and lays out the general principles which were used by the SCMR when defining terms for metamorphic rocks, their features, conditions of formation and processes. Subsequent papers discuss and present more detailed terminology for particular metamorphic rock groups and processes. The SCMR recognises the very wide usage of some rock names (for example, amphibolite, marble, hornfels) and the existence of many name sets related to specific types of metamorphism (for example, high P/T rocks, migmatites, impactites).
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemical Consideration of Some Granitoids Around Ojirami-Ogbo and Environs, Southwestern Nigeria
    PRINT ISSN 1119-8362 Full-text Available Online at J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Electronic ISSN 1119-8362 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem Vol. 23 (6) 1127-1131 June 2019 http://ww.bioline.org.br/ja Geochemical Consideration of some Granitoids around Ojirami-Ogbo and Environs, Southwestern Nigeria *1ODOKUMA-ALONGE, O; 2EGWUATU, PN; 3OKUNUWADJE, SE Department of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Five (5) granitoid samples from Ojirami-Ogbo and Environs in Akoko-Edo area of southwestern Nigeria were obtained with the aim of determining their geochemical properties using the XRF and Xrd techniques. Results from the analysis revealed the presence of SiO2 (51.41-64.84%), Al2O3 (21.37-36.25%), Fe2O3 (5.89-8.02%), MgO (0.98-2.11%), K2O (0.02-0.97%) and Na2O (0.04-0.08%) all in wt%. Using the Al2O3 and SiO2 saturation schemes in classifying igneous rocks, sample two, three, four and five gave Al2O3 wt% values of 33.30%, 32.00%, 23.20%, 21.37% greater than the molars proportions of (Al2O3/CaO+Na2O+K2O) with values 22.54, 30.06, 22.10 and 14.07, and are peraluminous rocks while sample one had 36.25% and 43.10, respectively and is considered to be metaluminous. The SiO2 composition of the rocks ranges from 51.41-66.40% hence reveals a mafic to intermediate composition. The main felsic minerals from XrD analysis revealed the presence of quartz, alkali and plagioclase feldspars. Using the QAP diagram, the rocks fall within the granitoidal class.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Clastic Meta-Sedimentary Rocks Associated with the Yuanjiacun BIF from the Lüliang Complex, North China
    Lithos 212–215 (2015) 231–246 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Lithos journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the origin of clastic meta-sedimentary rocks associated with the Yuanjiacun BIF from the Lüliang Complex, North China Changle Wang a,b, Lianchang Zhang a,⁎,YanpeiDaia,b,CaiyunLanb,c a Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China c Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China article info abstract Article history: The Lüliang Complex is situated in the central part of the western margin of the Trans-North China Orogen Received 6 May 2014 (TNCO) in the North China Craton (NCC), and consists of metamorphic volcanic and sedimentary rocks and Accepted 14 November 2014 granitoid intrusions. The Yuanjiacun Formation metasediments occupy roughly the lowest part of the Lüliang Available online 27 November 2014 Group and are mainly represented by well-bedded meta-pelites (chlorite schists and sericite–chlorite phyllites), banded iron formations (BIFs) and meta-arenites (sericite schists), which have undergone greenschist-facies Keywords: metamorphism. The youngest group of detrital zircons from the meta-arenite samples constrains their maximum Yuanjiacun Formation Lüliang Complex depositional age at ~2350 Ma. In combination with previous geochronological studies on meta-volcanic rocks in Trans-North China Orogen the overlying Jinzhouyu Formation, the depositional age of the Yuanjiacun Formation can be constrained Detrital zircon between 2350 and 2215 Ma. The metasediments have suffered varying degrees of source weathering, measured Geochemistry using widely employed weathering indices (e.g., CIA, CIW, PIA and Th/U ratios).
    [Show full text]
  • Proterozoic Deformation in the Northwest of the Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia Catherine V
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Precambrian Research 162 (2008) 354–384 Proterozoic deformation in the northwest of the Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia Catherine V. Spaggiari a,∗, Jo-Anne Wartho b,1, Simon A. Wilde b a Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Industry and Resources, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia b Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia Received 31 January 2007; received in revised form 19 September 2007; accepted 16 October 2007 Abstract The Narryer Terrane within the northwestern Yilgarn Craton contains the oldest crust in Australia. The Jack Hills greenstone belt is located within the southern part of the Narryer Terrane, and structures cutting it and surrounding rocks have been dated using the 40Ar/39Ar technique. The results show that east-trending, dextral, transpressive shearing was related to the 1830–1780 Ma Capricorn Orogeny, followed by further deformation and/or cooling between c. 1760 and 1740 Ma. These results confirm that major deformation has affected the northwestern part of the Yilgarn Craton in an intracratonic setting during the Proterozoic. Proterozoic structures have been interpreted to extend south beyond the Narryer Terrane into the northern part of the Youanmi Terrane (Murchison Domain), and include the Yalgar Fault, previously interpreted as the boundary between the Narryer and Youanmi Terranes. Terrane amalgamation pre-dated the emplacement of c. 2660 Ma granites in both terranes, and the current expression of the Yalgar Fault must represent a younger, reworked, post-amalgamation structure, possibly controlled by the tectonic boundary. However, new aeromagnetic and gravity imagery does not show the eastern part of the Yalgar Fault as a major structure.
    [Show full text]
  • BCGS IC1997-03.Pdf
    For information on the contents of this document contact: Ministry of Employment and Investment Energy and Minerals Division British Columbia Geological Survey Branch 5 - 1810 Blanshard Street PO Box 9320, Stn Prov Gov't Victoria, BC, V8W 9N3 Attn: W.J. McMillan, Manager, Map ing Section Fax: 250-952-0381 [mail: [email protected] or; B. Grant, Editor, GSB Fax: 250-952-0451 E-mail : [email protected]. bc.ca Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data I Main entry under title: Specifications and guidelines for bedrock mapping in British Columbia Includes bibliographical references: p. ISBN 0-7726-2950-1 1. Geological mapping - British Columbia. 2. Geology, Structural - British Columbia. 3. Geology - Maps - Symbols. I. British Columbia. Geological Survey Branch. Victoria British Columbia May 1997 October, 1996 TaMb Off GmQmQs Introduction . 3 Fission Track Dating Technique . 36 Part 1: Fundamental Bedrock Mapping Concepts 5 Usual Application of Geochronology . 36 Part 2: Mapping and Field Survey Procedures. 7 Materials Suitable for Dating. 36 2-1 Overview. 7 Rubidium-strontium Dating . 38 2-2 Bedrock Field Survey Databases . 10 Uranium-Lead Dating . 3 8 2-3 Quality Control, Correlation, and Map Lead Isotope Analysis . 38 Reliability . 11 Fission Track Dating . 38 Part 3: Data Representation On Bedrock Maps 13 Analytical Procedure . 39 3-1 Title Block . 13 Quaternary Dating Methods . 39 3-2 Base Map Specifications . 15 Radiocarbon Dating . 39 3-3 Reliability Diagrams . 15 Potassium-Argon Dating of Quaternary 3-4 Legend . 16 Volcanic Rocks. 40 3-5 Map Attributes . 17 Fission Track Dating . 40 3-6 Symbols. 17 Sampling . 41 3-7 Map-unit Designations .
    [Show full text]
  • Archean and Paleoproterozoic Geology of the Northwestern Split Lake Block, Superior Province, Manitoba (Parts of NTS 54D4, 5, 6 and 64A1) by R.P
    GS-16 Archean and Paleoproterozoic geology of the northwestern Split Lake Block, Superior Province, Manitoba (parts of NTS 54D4, 5, 6 and 64A1) by R.P. Hartlaub1, C.O. Böhm, Y.D. Kuiper2, M.S. Bowerman1 and L.M. Heaman1 Hartlaub, R.P., Böhm, C.O., Kuiper, Y.D., Bowerman, M.S. and Heaman, L.M. 2004: Archean and Paleoproterozoic geology of the northwestern Split Lake Block, Superior Province, Manitoba (parts of NTS 54D4, 5, 6 and 64A1); in Report of Activities 2004, Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 187–194. Summary The Split Lake Block is a shear zone–bounded lozenge of Archean and Paleoproterozoic rock that lies along the northwestern paleomargin of the Superior Province. The oldest units in the area include pelite, and mafic to ultramafic granulite that is interpreted to be supracrustal in origin. An igneous complex, composed of anorthosite, anorthositic gabbro, gabbro and mafic tonalite, has an unknown age relationship to these supracrustal rocks. Both the supracrustal rocks and the igneous complex occur as coherent bodies and as disrupted layers, rafts and xenoliths in younger granite, granodiorite and tonalite. The presence of granulite-facies mineral assemblages in Archean rocks indicates that the Split Lake Block was deeply buried during the Neoarchean. Local retrogression of the granulite-facies assemblages occurred during a later amphibolite-facies event. Overall, the lithological and metamorphic characteristics of the Split Lake Block are similar to those of the bounding Pikwitonei Granulite Domain. Additional isotopic study will be required, however, before a detailed chronological comparison is possible. A suite of weakly metamorphosed and variably deformed mafic dikes crosscuts the high-grade Archean rocks and constitutes at least 15% of the exposed outcrop in the Split Lake Block.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature of C. 2.0 Ga Crust Along the Southern Margin of the Gascoyne Complex by S
    Geological Survey of Western Australia 1998–99 Annual Review The nature of c. 2.0 Ga crust along the southern margin of the Gascoyne Complex by S. Sheppard1, S. A. Occhipinti, I. M. Tyler, and D. R. Nelson Remapping of the ROBINSON RANGE* Abstract and GLENBURGH 1:250 000 map sheets in 1997 and 1998, as part of the The southern part of the Gascoyne Complex consists of foliated and Southern Gascoyne Complex Project, gneissic granites of the Dalgaringa Supersuite, as well as pelitic and combined with SHRIMP U–Pb zircon calc-silicate gneisses of the Camel Hills Metamorphics, the protoliths geochronology (Nelson, 1998, 1999), of which were deposited between c. 2025 and c. 1960 Ma. The confirms that rocks of the Yilgarn Dalgaringa Supersuite mainly consists of 2005–1975 Ma foliated and Craton are not present north of the gneissic tonalite, granodiorite, and monzogranite. SHRIMP U–Pb Errabiddy Shear Zone in the mapped dating has not yet found any trace of Archaean rocks of the Yilgarn area (Fig. 1). Instead, the crust along Craton in the southern Gascoyne Complex. The complex may have the southern margin of the Gascoyne formed as a convergent continental margin above a northwesterly Complex mainly, or entirely, formed dipping subduction zone before it was accreted to the Yilgarn between 2005 and 1975 Ma. Craton at c. 1960 Ma during the Glenburgh Orogeny. Furthermore, this crust was deformed and metamorphosed at KEYWORDS: Proterozoic, structural terranes, granite, medium to high grade up to 150 geochronology, Gascoyne Complex, Dalgaringa million years before collision of the Supersuite, Camel Hills Metamorphics, Glenburgh Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons between Orogeny 1840 and 1800 Ma (Tyler et al., 1998; Occhipinti et al., 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Total of 10 Pages Only May Be Xeroxed
    THE GANDER AND DAVIDSVIlLE ~OUPS: M OR ECTO 0 A GR H C ITS I THE G 0 R KE AREA, EWFOUNDLA D CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Permission) Ml HAE H. McGONIGAl. - -.- THE GANDER AND DAVIDSVILLE GROUPS: .MAJOR TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS IN THE GANDER LAKE AREA. , NEWFOUNDLAND. by ~Michael H. McGonigal AThesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Memorial University of Newfoundland 1972 CONTENTS Page List of Illustrations . iv Abstract ..... vii Acknowledgments . ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Location and Means of Access. 1 Physiography ......... 1 Geologic Setting ....... 3 Genera 1 Geo 1ogy . • . 9 Previous Work . .. 11 Purpose of Present Investigation. 13 CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF FORMATIONS Nomenclature ............ 15 Table of Formations ........ 17 1. GANDER GROUP (pre-Middle Ordovician) Distribution and Thickness .. ... 16 Litho 1ogy . 16 (a) Undifferentiated Metasediments .. 19 Psammite (metagreywacke) ..... 19 Pelitic and semi-pelitic schist . 23 (b) The Amphibolite-Psammite Member . 25 (c) The Mixed Member. 26 (d) The Pelite-Mafic Volcanic Member. 29 Intrusive Rocks ............ 30 Metamorphism and Structural Relations . 31 Age .... ........... 31 2. DAVIDSVILLE GROUP (Mid-Ordovician) Distribution and Thickness .. 31 Lithology . 32 (a) The Lower Member ... 32 Greywacke . • . 32 Calcareous Siltstone. 34 Vo 1cani c Rocks. 38 (b) The Upper Member. 39 Greywacke ... 40 Slate ..... 41 Page Intrusive Rocks ............. 43 Metamorphism and Structural Relations .. 43 Paleontology and Age ........... 43 CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Terminology . .. ............... 46 Introduction. 49 1. STRUCTURES OF THE GANDER GROUP (metasedimentary terrane) (a) The First Deformation (D1) ............ 49 (b) The Second Deformation (o ) . .. ....... 51 D? Boudinage.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogical Characterization of The
    GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 34 GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GOLD-BEARING ROCKS AROUND OKEMESI- IJERO AREA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA 1Akanmu Tumise 1Oshin Oyeyemi Oyekunle 2Ayodele Olusiji Samuel 1Department of Earth Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University P.M.B 1066, Oyo, Nigeria 2Department of Applied Geology, Federal University of Technology P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria. Corresponding Email: [email protected]; samuelayodeleolusiji@yahoo,com ABSTRACT The mineralogical characterization of the gold bearing rocks around Okemesi-Ijero, South Western Nigeria was carried out using Petrographic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies to determine the mineralogical phase of the gold showings. Various researchers have worked in the studied area most especially Ayodele et al., (2017), who carried out geochemical analysis (XRF) on the bedrocks, indicating showings of gold mineralization in Okemesi (Ajindo) with concentration values of 10-0.05ppm. This prompted the investigation for confirmation of gold mineralization on the bedrocks of Okemesi area (Ajindo). The method of investigation included systematic geologic mapping of the various lithologies, sampling of the various lithologic units at a density of one sample per 100sqkm, followed by petrographic studies using light transmitting Petrological Microscope and mineralogical characterization of the various rocks using X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). Twenty-six (26) rock samples
    [Show full text]
  • D2.1 Classification Map of Running Waters Considering Fish Community
    AMBER Project - H2020 - Grant Agreement #689682 Topic: Adaptive Management of Barriers in European Rivers D5.6: Plan on Exploitation and Dissemination of Results July, 2016 Author: World Fish Migration Foundation D2.1 Classification map of running waters considering fish community structure and barrier impacts This is version 2.0 D2.1 `Classification map of running waters considering fish community structure and barrier impacts .This document is a deliverable of the AMBER project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for under Grant Agreement (GA) #689682. D2.1: Classification map of running waters considering fish community structure and barrier impacts. April, 2018. EU Horizon 2020 Project: AMBER #689682 History of changes Version Date Changes Pages 1.0 03 Jan 2018 2.0 18 April 2018 DISCLAIMER The opinion stated in this report reflects the opinion of the authors and not the opinion of the European Commission. All intellectual property rights are owned by the AMBER consortium members and are protected by the applicable laws. Except where otherwise specified, all document contents are: “©AMBER Project - All rights reserved”. Reproduction is not authorized without prior written agreement. The commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the owner of that information. All AMBER consortium members are also committed to publish accurate and up to date information and take the greatest care to do so. However, the AMBER consortium members cannot accept liability for any inaccuracies or omissions nor do they accept liability for any direct, indirect, special, consequential or other losses or damages of any kind arising out of the use of this information.
    [Show full text]
  • Redistribution of Trace Elements During Prograde Metamorphism from Lawsonite Blueschist to Eclogite Facies; Implications for Deep Subduction-Zone Processes
    Contrib Mineral Petrol (2003) 146: 205–222 DOI 10.1007/s00410-003-0495-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Carl Spandler Æ Jo¨rg Hermann Æ Richard Arculus John Mavrogenes Redistribution of trace elements during prograde metamorphism from lawsonite blueschist to eclogite facies; implications for deep subduction-zone processes Received: 18 March 2003 / Accepted: 11 June 2003 / Published online: 12 August 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract The transfer of fluid and elements from sub- comparison of mineral trace-element data and bulk-rock ducting crust to the overlying mantle wedge is a funda- data at different metamorphic grades indicates that trace mental process affecting arc magmatism and the elements are not liberated in significant quantities by chemical differentiation of the Earth. While the pro- prograde metamorphism up to eclogite facies. Combin- duction of fluid by breakdown of hydrous minerals is ing our mineral trace-element data with established well understood, the liberation of trace elements remains phase equilibria, we show that the trace elements con- generally unconstrained. In this paper, we evaluate the sidered are retained by newly-formed major and acces- behaviour of trace elements during prograde metamor- sory minerals during mineral breakdown reactions to phism and dehydration using samples of high-pressure, depths of up to 150 km. In contrast, significant volumes low-temperature metamorphic rocks from New Cale- of fluid are released by dehydration reactions. Therefore, donia. Samples examined include mafic and pelitic rock- there is a decoupling of fluid release and trace element types that range in grade from lawsonite blueschist to release in subducting slabs. We suggest that the flux of eclogite facies, and represent typical lithologies of sub- trace elements from the slab is not simply linked to ducting crust.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
    BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT NUMBER RR 99–02 BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 2 Classification of metamorphic rocks S Robertson Subject index Rock classification, metamorphic rocks Bibliographical Reference Robertson, S. 1999. BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 2 Classification of metamorphic rocks. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR 99–02. © NERC Copyright 1999 British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG UK HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT ❑ The general pagination is designed for hard copy use and does not correspond to PDF thumbnail pagination. ❑ The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. ❑ In addition, the report contains links: ✤ from the principal section and sub-section headings back to the contents page, ✤ from each reference to a figure or table directly to the corresponding figure or table, ✤ from each figure or table caption to the first place that figure or table is mentioned in the text and ✤ from each page number back to the contents page. Return to contents page Contents 1 Introduction 10.3 Colour qualifiers 1.1 Definition of metamorphism 10.4 Qualifiers based on protolith structures 1.2 Basic principles References 2 Metamorphic rock nomenclature Appendix List of approved rock names 2.1 Construction of rock names. 2.2 How to use the classification scheme Figures 3 Sedimentary
    [Show full text]