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Context in the Republic of Congo CONTEXT UNICEF REPubLIC OF CONGO DEMOGRAPHICS CONTEXT IN THE AND DEVELOPMENT The Republic of Congo has a young population: 47% of its over 5 million REPUBLIC OF CONGO inhabitants are under the age of 18 years. Nearly 62% of the total population lives in the two largest cities, Brazzaville and The Republic of Congo is located on the issue of political governance. Between Pointe-Noire. western coast of Central Africa. It is bordered 1960 and 1992, the history of the Congo Congo ranks 154th out of 188 countries by Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Republic, was characterized by numerous episodes globally on the Human Development Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and of violence and socio-political crises, which Index and 8th out of 48 countries in Sub- Angola, as well as the Atlantic Ocean to the led to several regime changes. The country Saharan Africa. This puts it in the medium south-west. The capital city, Brazzaville, lies on has held multi-party elections since 1992, human development category. the Congo River in the south of the country, but, following a civil war, the democratically just across the border from Kinshasa, the elected government was ousted in 1997. Some 35% of the population in Congo capital of DRC. lived in poverty in 2016 according to the Over the past decade, Congo has benefited World Bank. Evidence from Multiple and Formerly part of the French colony of from a consolidation of peace and security, Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA) Equatorial Africa, the Republic of Congo was which has led to political stability (presidential has shown that 61% of children under the established in 1958 and gained independence elections in 2009 and legislative in 2012). age of 18 years – some 1.3 million – are in from France in 1960. However, the country The results of the presidential elections of a situation of multidimensional poverty. was rapidly confronted with the complex 2016 were challenged by the opposition, Although there has been progress in resulting in political unrest and a resurgence increasing access to quality services, of tensions in the Pool Region, between the the social situation of the Congolese security forces and the former Ninja rebels, population remains worrying, and CentraL with the displacement of more than 80,000 children and the most vulnerable groups African people. A ceasefire was signed in December REPUBLic bear the brunt. 2017, although challenges exist for the Cameroon displaced populations. The next presidential Wide income disparities, an expanding elections are scheduled for March 2021. peri-urban population, high rates of youth unemployment – first-time job seekers Congo has become the fourth largest oil represent 79.4% of the unemployed – and producer in the Gulf of Guinea, which has limited access to economic opportunities REPUBLic given the country a degree of prosperity. may fuel tensions in the country. of Congo However, basic social services still need to be improved. Economic growth has slowed Congo is prone to cholera, measles and Gabon considerably since the post-2014 drop in Ebola outbreaks and natural disasters, oil prices. During 2019, there were modest including floods, and there continues to signs of growth, likely to stabilize around be a large influx of refugees from Central Democratic African Republic and DRC. RepUBLic 2%, but this level remains too low to have an of Congo impact on poverty reduction according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Brazzaville ATLantic ocean AngoLA CONTEXT UNICEF REPubLIC OF CONGO KEY FACTS ON HEALTH KEY FACTS ON HIV KEY FACTS ON EduCATION AND NUTRITION • There was an increase in new HIV • Although primary education is available • Only 27% of children are fully immunized, infections in Congo between 2010 for almost all children (97% of children are 67% have received three doses of and 2017, with 28% of new infections enrolled in primary school and 92% have pentavalent vaccine and 67% are occurring in children under 14 years old. completed the cycle), the country still vaccinated against measles before their faces many problems linked to the quality • The mother-to-child transmission rate first birthday. of learning. increased from 15.9% in 2013 to 18.8% • Seeking care in institutions or from health in 2017. • Few students complete primary providers remains low: 50% of children education with the required skills in both with diarrhoea do not receive appropriate • The proportion of women who are mathematics (41%) and reading (21%). HIV-positive and pregnant and on anti- services; only 35% benefit from treatment • A total of 14% of children aged 12–17 are retroviral therapy fell from 82% per cent with oral rehydration salts and 8% with the out of school and 29% of children aged in 2014 to 33% in 2017. combination of oral rehydration salt and zinc. 12–14 are involved in economic activities. • Only 32.9% of children are exclusively • The share of infants born to mothers who breastfed, and 21% of children under five are HIV-infected receiving antiretroviral suffer from chronic malnutrition. therapy decreased from 25% in 2014 to 12% in 2017, owing to a stock-out of • Only 61% of children under five years of drugs and laboratory tests. age sleep under insecticide-treated nets, 49% of children with febrile episodes of • Only 1,663 out of 8,507 children under malaria have accessed health services and 14 years old living with HIV received only 8% have received treatment. antiretroviral treatment (21%). • The key bottlenecks to health and nutrition improvement for children under five years old include lack of qualified human KEY FACTS ON WATER, resources; frequent stock-out of essential SANITATION AND HYGIENE commodities; poor implementation of key interventions such as integrated • A total of 68% of the population has management of childhood illness and infant access to safe drinking water, but there and young child feeding; a persistence is a large urban–rural disparity (85% vs. KEY FACTS ON PROTECTION of social and financial barriers that limit 56%). Only a quarter of the population access to quality health care; and a lack of uses unshared improved toilets, 24% • While the national birth registration rate is access to water and sanitation services. of the population uses basic sanitation 96%, it is only 35% for children of minority services and 23% of the rural population indigenous groups. practices open defecation. • 82% of children aged 1–14 are victims • The main bottlenecks to at-scale of violent disciplinary practices in the coverage include insufficient translation community. of policies and strategies into actions; • There is limited knowledge about the limited institutional capacities at consequences of violence on children, as subnational and local levels for planning, well as a poor demand for services. monitoring, budgeting and service • In December 2018, over 16,000 refugees delivery; and insufficient investment and from DRC crossed the River Congo to funding. Plateaux Region fleeing ethnic tensions, of whom approximately 50% are children. P.O. Box 2110, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo • Telephone: +242 06 652 5022 • [email protected] • www.unicef.org/congo Credits: Production: Julie Pudlowski Consulting • Photography: ©UNICEF/ Pudlowski UNICEF UNICEF REPubLIC OF CONGO UNICEF IN CONGO UNICEF has been working in Congo since the The Country Programme is also aligned with 1960s in partnership with the government and the government’s National Development Plan other development partners, by means of a (NDP) 2018–2022, which works within the proactive and sustainable approach. Over time, framework of the Sustainable Development UNICEF has become the main defender of Goals and the African Union’s Agenda children’s rights in the country. 2063. The NDP focuses on strengthening governance, human capital development The UNICEF Country Programme is based on and diversification of the economy. The main the Convention on the Rights of the Child and contribution of UNICEF is to the second aligns with the five objectives of the UNICEF of these – human capital development – in Strategic Plan 2018–2021, which are: particular with regard to the access of all 1. Every child survives and thrives children to quality social services, with a major UNICEF has also provided support 2. Every child learns focus on reducing inequality. to tackle recurrent emergencies that 3. Every child is protected from violence The United Nations Reform and its have affected an estimated 112,000 and exploitation implementation were launched in Congo, while children. Capacity and resources have 4. Every child lives in a safe and clean a new United Nations Sustainable Development environment been put in place to address issues Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) 2020–2024 5. Every child has an equitable chance in life related to internal displacement and was signed in March 2019. natural disasters while maintaining a focus on a humanitarian–development PROGRESS SO FAR TOWARDS THE SDGs THROUGH THE PAST continuum. The aim is to enable emergency preparedness and response PROGRAMME OF COOPERATION while strengthening the system and The UNICEF Programme of Cooperation On SDG 3 on health and well-being: building national capacities to prepare with Congo has contributed to the • At national level, coverage of DTP3 and respond to the humanitarian needs acceleration of progress toward the increased from 75% to 79% between 2018 of the most vulnerable populations. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and and 2019, and for OPV3 from 74% to 78%. the realization of the rights of all children, especially the most vulnerable, in the areas • The percentage of districts with coverage of maternal and child health, nutrition, of DTP3 of at least 80% has increased HIV/AIDS, water sanitation and hygiene, from 42% to 47%. education and gender equality, child On SDG 4 on education: protection and inclusive social policies. Although children aged 3–5 have limited On SDG 2 on nutrition: access to pre-school education (36%), • The share of under-six-month-old primary education is available to all children children exclusively breastfed has gone aged 6–11 (96%).
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