Lobelia Erinus (Bedding Lobelia, Edging Lobelia) Edging Lobelia Is a Tender Perennial That Is Usually Grown As an Annual

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Lobelia erinus (Bedding Lobelia, Edging Lobelia) Edging lobelia is a tender perennial that is usually grown as an annual. It has a very showy flower that could be dark purple or blue in color. It grows in fertile, well-draine soil of any type, and needs fuul or partial sun. Landscape Information French Name: Lobélie érine ﺧﺸﺨﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ, ﺣﺸﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﺍﺯ :Arabic Name Pronounciation: low-BEE-lee-a EAR-rin-us Plant Type: Groundcover Origin: South Africa Heat Zones: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Hardiness Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Border Plant, Indoor, Container Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Plant Image Height at Maturity: Less than 0.5 m Spread at Maturity: Less than 50 cm Time to Ultimate Height: 1 to 2 Years Lobelia erinus (Bedding Lobelia, Edging Lobelia) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Nearly Invisible Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Oblanceolate Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Glossy, Fine Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Flower Image Flower Type: Panicle Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Purple, Blue, Pink Seasons: Spring, Summer, Fall Fruit Fruit Type: Capsule Fruit Showiness: False Fruit Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Fruit Colors: Brown Seasons: Spring, Summer, Fall Lobelia erinus (Bedding Lobelia, Edging Lobelia) Horticulture Management Tolerance Frost Tolerant: No Heat Tolerant: Yes Drought Tolerant: Yes Salt Tolerance: Poor Requirements Soil Requirements: Clay, Loam, Sand Soil Ph Requirements: Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline Water Requirements: Moderate Light Requirements: Full, Part Management Invasive Potential: No Leaf Image Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: No Pruning Requirement: Little needed, to develop a strong structure Life Span: Less than 25 Edible Parts: None Plant Propagations: Seed MORE IMAGES Fruit Image Bark Image Other Image.

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Lobelia Erinus
CROP MANUAL Lobelia erinus Central Europe North Europe Compact Upright Pendula Maritima © 2019 Syngenta. All rights reserved. The publication and its content is proprietary to Syngenta. It may not be photocopied or reproduced in any form. Product names marked ® or ™, Syngenta Flowers, the SYNGENTA Wordmark and the SYNGENTA Logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Syngenta has exercised reasonable care and skill in compiling this publication. All data in this brochure is intended for general guidance only and the user should apply it only for the purposes for which it has been created and in accordance with his own knowledge and experience of local conditions. Syngenta cannot accept any liability in connection with this advice. TM Classification: PUBLIC Finished Plant Lobelia Remarks. Series Type Leaf colour Pot size Comment N.A Compact Upright upright green packs, 10,5-12 cm heat tolerance Pendula trailing green 10,5-12 cm hanging baskets Maritima - green 10,5-12 cm crystals scented Calendar Week 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 P F P F P F P F P F Temperature dependent culture P F weeks P F P F P F P F P F P F | Crop Manual | TM Classification: PUBLIC Lobelia erinus 2 Cultivation Advice Alter temperature set points according to light levels. In fall and winter light levels generally are low and temperature set points are best decreased for optimum plant quality. Please note that lower temperatures will increase culture time. Later potting weeks need to pinch to get a proper habit in a 12 cm pot.
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Verticillium Wilt of Vegetables and Herbaceous Ornamentals
Dr. Sharon M. Douglas Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street, P. O. Box 1106 New Haven, CT 06504 Phone: (203) 974-8601 Fax: (203) 974-8502 Founded in 1875 Email: [email protected] Putting science to work for society Website: www.ct.gov/caes VERTICILLIUM WILT OF VEGETABLES AND HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTALS Verticillium wilt is a disease of over 300 SYMPTOMS AND DISEASE species throughout the United States. This DEVELOPMENT: includes a wide variety of vegetables and Symptoms of Verticillium wilt vary by host herbaceous ornamentals. Tomatoes, and environmental conditions. In many eggplants, peppers, potatoes, dahlia, cases, symptoms do not develop until the impatiens, and snapdragon are among the plant is bearing flowers or fruit or after hosts of this disease. Plants weakened by periods of stressful hot, dry weather. Older root damage from drought, waterlogged leaves are usually the first to develop soils, and other environmental stresses are symptoms, which include yellowing, thought to be more prone to infection. wilting, and eventually dying and dropping from the plant. Infected leaves can also Since Verticillium wilt is a common disease, develop pale yellow blotches on the lower breeding programs have contributed many leaves (Figure 1) and necrotic, V-shaped varieties or cultivars of plants with genetic lesions at the tips of the leaves. resistance—this has significantly reduced the prevalence of this disease on many plants, especially on vegetables. However, the recent interest in planting “heirloom” varieties, which do not carry resistance genes, has resulted in increased incidence of Verticillium wilt on these hosts.
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RHS the Garden 2012 Index Volume 137, Parts 1-12
Index 2012: Volume 137, Parts 112 Index 2012 The The The The The The GardenJanuary 2012 | www.rhs.org.uk | £4.25 GardenFebruary 2012 | www.rhs.org.uk | £4.25 GardenMarch 2012 | www.rhs.org.uk | £4.25 GardenApril 2012 | www.rhs.org.uk | £4.25 GardenMay 2012 | www.rhs.org.uk | £4.25 GardenJune 2012 | www.rhs.org.uk | £4.25 RHS TRIAL: LIVING Succeed with SIMPLE WINTER GARDENS GROWING BUSY LIZZIE RHS GUIDANCE Helleborus niger PLANTING IDEAS WHICH LOBELIA Why your DOWNY FOR GARDENING taken from the GARDEN GROW THE BEST TO CHOOSE On home garden is vital MILDEW WITHOUT A Winter Walk at ORCHIDS SHALLOTS for wildlife How to spot it Anglesey Abbey and what to HOSEPIPE Vegetables to Radishes to grow instead get growing ground pep up this Growing chard this month rough the seasons summer's and leaf beet at Tom Stuart-Smith's salads private garden 19522012: GROW YOUR OWN CELEBRATING Small vegetables OUR ROYAL for limited spaces PATRON SOLOMON’S SEALS: SHADE LOVERS TO Iris for Welcome Dahlias in containers CHERISH wınter to the headline for ﬁ ne summer displays Enjoy a SUCCEED WITH The HIPPEASTRUM Heavenly summer colour How to succeed ALL IN THE MIX snowdrop with auriculas 25 best Witch hazels for seasonal scent Ensuring a successful magnolias of roses peat-free start for your PLANTS ON CANVAS: REDUCING PEAT USE IN GARDENING seeds and cuttings season CELEBRATING BOTANICAL ART STRAWBERRY GROWING DIVIDING PERENNIALS bearded iris PLUS YORKSHIRE NURSERY VISIT WITH ROY LANCASTER May12 Cover.indd 1 05/04/2012 11:31 Jan12 Cover.indd 1 01/12/2011 10:03 Feb12 Cover.indd 1 05/01/2012 15:43 Mar12 Cover.indd 1 08/02/2012 16:17 Apr12 Cover.indd 1 08/03/2012 16:08 Jun12 OFC.indd 1 14/05/2012 15:46 1 January 2012 2 February 2012 3 March 2012 4 April 2012 5 May 2012 6 June 2012 Numbers in bold before ‘Moonshine’ 9: 55 gardens, by David inaequalis) 10: 25, 25 gracile ‘Chelsea Girl’ 7: the page number(s) sibirica subsp.
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Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence.
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Campanulaceae): Review, Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Analyses
PhytoKeys 174: 13–45 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses Samuel Paul Kagame1,2,3, Andrew W. Gichira1,3, Ling-Yun Chen1,4, Qing-Feng Wang1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China Corresponding author: Ling-Yun Chen ([email protected]); Qing-Feng Wang ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Morden | Received 12 October 2020 | Accepted 1 February 2021 | Published 5 March 2021 Citation: Kagame SP, Gichira AW, Chen L, Wang Q (2021) Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses. PhytoKeys 174: 13–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555 Abstract Lobelioideae, the largest subfamily within Campanulaceae, includes 33 genera and approximately1200 species. It is characterized by resupinate flowers with zygomorphic corollas and connate anthers and is widely distributed across the world. The systematics of Lobelioideae has been quite challenging over the years, with different scholars postulating varying theories. To outline major progress and highlight the ex- isting systematic problems in Lobelioideae, we conducted a literature review on this subfamily. Addition- ally, we conducted phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses for Lobelioideae using plastids and internal transcribed spacer regions.
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Reconstructing the History of Campanulaceae.Pdf
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2009) 575–587 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Reconstructing the history of Campanulaceae with a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal–vicariance analyses Cristina Roquet a,b,*, Isabel Sanmartín c, Núria Garcia-Jacas a, Llorenç Sáez b, Alfonso Susanna a, Niklas Wikström d, Juan José Aldasoro c a Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s. n., Parc de Montjuïc, E-08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain b Unitat de Botànica, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain c Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo, 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain d Evolutionsbiologiskt centrum, University of Uppsala, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden article info abstract Article history: We reconstruct here the spatial and temporal evolution of the Campanula alliance in order to better Received 19 June 2008 understand its evolutionary history. To increase phylogenetic resolution among major groups (Wahlen- Revised 6 May 2009 bergieae–Campanuleae), new sequences from the rbcL region were added to the trnL-F dataset obtained Accepted 15 May 2009 in a previous study. These phylogenies were used to infer ancestral areas and divergence times in Cam- Available online 21 May 2009 panula and related genera using a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal–vicariance anal- yses that takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty. The new phylogenetic analysis conﬁrms Keywords: Platycodoneae as the sister group of Wahlenbergieae–Campanuleae, the two last ones inter-graded into Bayes-DIVA, Molecular dating a well-supported clade.
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Deer Resistant Plants
Deer-Resistant Flower Garden Plans and Some Choice Woody Plants By Linda Wiles, Extension Agent of Commercial & Consumer Horticulture, Penn State Cooperative Extension of Monroe, Carbon & Pike Counties Information was derived from numerous extension and other research reports throughout the United States and adapted for this area by surveying Pocono Master Gardeners. Deer-resistance is a relative term and will vary with the number of deer in an area, other food available, and time of year. Additional controls are recommended for areas with high deer populations. * Indicates moderately resistant plants, others are veryObedient resistant. Plant (Physostegia virginiana) BUTTERFLY AND DRY BORDERS Polka-dot Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya) HUMMINGBIRD GARDEN *Blanket Flower (Gaillardia pulchella) Spiderwort (Tradescantia sp.) *Bee Balm (Monarda didyma) Blue Flax (Linum perenne) St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) *Boltonia (Boltonia asteroides) *Blanket Flower (Gaillardia pulchella) Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) *Butterfly-bush (Buddleia davidii) *Butterfly-bush (Buddleia davidii) *Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa) Veronica (Veronica sp.) *Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa) *Coneflower (Rudbeckia sp.) *Coneflower (Rudbeckia sp.) *Daylily cultivar (Hemerocallis ‘Stella d’Oro’) PATIO AND DECK PLANTS *Forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatica) *Evening Primrose (Oenothera sp.) Aloe (Aloe sp.) Fountain Grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides) Fountain Grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides) Amaryllis (Amaryllis sp.) Globe Thistle (Echinops sp.) Garden Phlox (Phlox paniculata)
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ABSTRACT the First Through Fifth Instars of the Gypsy Moth Were Tested for Development to Adults on 326 Species of Dicotyledonous Plants in Laboratory Feeding Trials
LABORATORY FEEDING TESTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYPSY MOTH LARVAE WITH REFERENCE TO PLANT TAXA AND ALLELOCHEMICALS JEFFREY C. MILLER and PAUL E. HANSON DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY, CORVALLIS, OREGON 97331 ABSTRACT The first through fifth instars of the gypsy moth were tested for development to adults on 326 species of dicotyledonous plants in laboratory feeding trials. Among accepted plants, differences in suitability were documented by measuring female pupal weights. The majority of accepted plants belong to the subclasses Dilleniidae, Hamamelidae, and Rosidae. Species of oak, maple, alder, madrone, eucalyptus, poplar, and sumac were highly suitable. Plants belonging to the Asteridae, Caryophyllidae, and Magnoliidae were mostly rejected. Foliage type, new or old, and instar influenced host plant suitability. Larvae of various instars were able to pupate after feeding on foliage of 147 plant species. Of these, 1.01 were accepted by first instars. Larvae from the first through fifth instar failed to molt on foliage of 151 species. Minor feeding occurred on 67 of these species. In general, larvae accepted new foliage on evergreen species more readily than old foliage. The results of these trials were combined with results from three previous studies to provide data on feeding responses of gypsy moth larvae on a total of 658 species, 286 genera, and 106 families of dicots. Allelochemic compositions of these plants were tabulated from available literature and compared with acceptance or rejection by gypsy moth. Plants accepted by gypsy moth generally contain tannins, but lack alkaloids, iridoid monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and glucosinolates. 2 PREFACE This research was funded through grants from USDA Forest Service cooperative agreement no.
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R2104 Understanding Plant Propagation
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Spring Plant Sale
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Impatiens Downy Mildew Kevin A
G2258 Impatiens Downy Mildew Kevin A. Korus, Extension Educator, Plant Pathology Kim Todd, Extension Specialist, Horticulture Disease Cycle This NebGuide discusses the biology, identification and management of Impatiens Downy Mildew. Infection may occur throughout the season but is favored in late summer and early fall when nighttime temperatures fall below 50°F. Disease often results when healthy plants Cause and Occurence are transplanted into infested soil. In the greenhouse, healthy plants can become infected if placed in close proximity to The causal agent responsible for Impatiens Downy diseased plants. Mildew, Plasmopara obducens, is a fungus-like watermold Plasmopora obducens produces two types of spores, belonging to a class of organisms called Oomycetes. Impatiens sporangia and oospores. Downy Mildew has been found in greenhouse plantings in Sporangiaphores (spore-bearing structures) are produced several states throughout the U.S. since 2004. It wasn’t until on the undersides of the leaves. When mature, they release 2011 that the disease started appearing in landscape beds. spores called sporangia (Figure 4). Sporangia are produced The disease has spread rapidly and has been reported in the 5–14 days after infection depending on host susceptibility, landscape and greenhouses in 39 states, including Nebraska. pathogen aggressiveness and weather conditions. These spores All cultivars and intraspecific hybrids ofImpatiens wal- are infectious and can be rain-splashed short distances or leriana are susceptible to Impatiens Downy Mildew. This is the wind-blown long distances to susceptible plants and induce plant that is widely available and used extensively for season- disease. A minimum of four hours of leaf wetness is required long color in part shade to shade environments.
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Origin, Adaptive Radiation and Diversification of The
Proc. R. Soc. B (2009) 276, 407–416 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1204 Published online 14 October 2008 Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae) Thomas J. Givnish1,*, Kendra C. Millam1, Austin R. Mast2, Thomas B. Paterson1, Terra J. Theim1, Andrew L. Hipp3, Jillian M. Henss1, James F. Smith4, Kenneth R. Wood5 and Kenneth J. Sytsma1 1Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA 2Department of Biology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA 3Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532, USA 4Director, Snake River Plains Herbarium, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA 5National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA The endemic Hawaiian lobeliads are exceptionally species rich and exhibit striking diversity in habitat, growth form, pollination biology and seed dispersal, but their origins and pattern of diversification remain shrouded in mystery. Up to five independent colonizations have been proposed based on morphological differences among extant taxa. We present a molecular phylogeny showing that the Hawaiian lobeliads are the product of one immigration event; that they are the largest plant clade on any single oceanic island or archipelago; that their ancestor arrived roughly 13 Myr ago; and that this ancestor was most likely woody, wind-dispersed, bird-pollinated, and adapted to open habitats at mid-elevations. Invasion of closed tropical forests is associated with evolution of fleshy fruits. Limited dispersal of such fruits in wet-forest understoreys appears to have accelerated speciation and led to a series of parallel adaptive radiations in Cyanea, with most species restricted to single islands. Consistency of Cyanea diversity across all tall islands except Hawaiì suggests that diversification of Cyanea saturates in less than 1.5 Myr.
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