International Evaluation of Research and Doctoral Training at The

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI 2005–2010 RC-Specific Evaluation of CPHS – Centre for Population, Health and Society Seppo Saari & Antti Moilanen (Eds.)

Evaluation Panel: Social Sciences

University of Helsinki Administrative Publications 80/123 Evaluations 2012

Publisher: University of Helsinki Editors: Seppo Saari & Antti Moilanen

Title: Type of publication: International Evaluation of Research and Doctoral Training at the University of Evaluations Helsinki 2005–2010 : RC-Specific Evaluation of CPHS – Centre for Population, Health and Society

Summary: Researcher Community (RC) was a new concept of the participating unit in the evaluation. Participation in the evaluation was voluntary and the RCs had to choose one of the five characteristic categories to participate. Evaluation of the Researcher Community was based on the answers to the evaluation questions. In addition a list of publications and other activities were provided by the TUHAT system. The CWTS/Leiden University conducted analyses for 80 RCs and the Helsinki University Library for 66 RCs. Panellists, 49 and two special experts in five panels evaluated all the evaluation material as a whole and discussed the feedback for RC-specific reports in the panel meetings in Helsinki. The main part of this report is consisted of the feedback which is published as such in the report. Chapters in the report: 1. Background for the evaluation 2. Evaluation feedback for the Researcher Community 3. List of publications 4. List of activities 5. Bibliometric analyses The level of the RCs’ success can be concluded from the written feedback together with the numeric evaluation of four evaluation questions and the category fitness. More conclusions of the success can be drawn based on the University-level report. RC-specific information: Main scientific field of research: RC-specific keywords: Social Sciences population studies, social sciences, public health, social psychology, medical sociology, mortality, morbidity, Participation category: health behaviours, illnesses and disease, functioning, 1. Research of the participating community disability, quantitative research, longitudinal register represents the international cutting edge in its data, cohort and survey data, intervention studies, field multidisciplinary, comparative research, health promotion, social structure, institutional arrangements, RC’s responsible person: socioeconomic, socio-demographic, psychosocial, Martikainen, Pekka population ageing, stratification research, family and gender studies, development research, lifestyle

Keywords: Research Evaluation, Meta-evaluation, Doctoral Training, Bibliometric Analyses, Researcher Community

Series title and number: University of Helsinki, Administrative Publications 80/123, Evaluations ISSN: ISBN: 1795-5513 (Online) 978-952-10-7543-8 (PDF)

Total number of pages: Language: 85 English Additional information: Internet address: Cover graphics: Päivi Talonpoika-Ukkonen http://www.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/aineisto/rc_evaluation Enquiries: [email protected] 2012/hallinnon_julkaisuja_80_123_2012.pdf

Contents Panel members ...... 1 1 Introduction to the Evaluation ...... 5 1.1 RC-specific evaluation reports ...... 5 1.2 Aims and objectives in the evaluation ...... 5 1.3 Evaluation method ...... 5 1.4 Implementation of the external evaluation ...... 6 1.5 Evaluation material ...... 7 1.6 Evaluation questions and material ...... 8 1.7 Evaluation criteria ...... 10 1.8 Timetable of the evaluation ...... 13 1.9 Evaluation feedback – consensus of the entire panel ...... 13 2 Evaluation feedback ...... 15 2.1 Focus and quality of the RC’s research ...... 15 2.2 Practises and quality of doctoral training ...... 15 2.3 The societal impact of research and doctoral training ...... 16 2.4 International and national (incl. intersectoral) research collaboration and researcher mobility ...... 16 2.5 Operational conditions ...... 16 2.6 Leadership and management in the researcher community ...... 16 2.7 External competitive funding of the RC ...... 17 2.8 The RC’s strategic action plan for 2011–2013 ...... 17 2.9 Evaluation of the category of the RC in the context of entity of the evaluation material (1-8) ...... 18 2.10 Short description of how the RC members contributed the compilation of the stage 2 material ... 18 2.11 How the UH’s focus areas are presented in the RC’s research ...... 18 2.12 RC-specific main recommendations ...... 18 2.13 RC-specific conclusions ...... 18 3 Appendices ...... 19

Foreword

The evaluation of research and doctoral training is being carried out in the years 2010–2012 and will end in 2012. The steering group appointed by the Rector in January 2010 set the conditions for participating in the evaluation and prepared the Terms of Reference to present the evaluation procedure and criteria. The publications and other scientific activities included in the evaluation covered the years 2005–2010. The participating unit in the evaluation was defined as a Researcher Community (RC). To obtain a critical mass with university-level impact, the number of members was set to range from 20 to 120. The RCs were required to contain researchers in all stages of their research career, from doctoral students to principal investigators (PIs). All in all, 136 Researcher Communities participated in this voluntary evaluation, 5857 persons in total, of whom 1131 were principal investigators. PIs were allowed to participate in two communities in certain cases, and 72 of them used this opportunity and participated in two RCs. This evaluation enabled researchers to define RCs from the “bottom up” and across disciplines. The aim of the evaluation was not to assess individual performance but a community with shared aims and researcher-training activities. The RCs were able to choose among five different categories that characterised the status and main aims of their research. The steering group considered the process of applying to participate in the evaluation to be important, which lead to the establishment of these categories. In addition, providing a service for the RCs to enable them to benchmark their research at the global level was a main goal of the evaluation. The data for the evaluation consisted of the RCs’ answers to evaluation questions on supplied e-forms and a compilation extracted from the TUHAT – Research Information System (RIS) on 12 April 2011. The compilation covered scientific and other publications as well as certain areas of scientific activities. During the process, the RCs were asked to check the list of publications and other scientific activities and make corrections if needed. These TUHAT compilations are public and available on the evaluation project sites of each RC in the TUHAT-RIS. In addition to the e-form and TUHAT compilation, University of Leiden (CWTS) carried out bibliometric analyses from the articles included in the Web of Science (WoS). This was done on University and RC levels. In cases where the publication forums of the RC were clearly not represented by the WoS data, the Library of the University of Helsinki conducted a separate analysis of the publications. This was done for 66 RCs representing the humanities and social sciences. The evaluation office also carried out an enquiry targeted to the supervisors and PhD candidates about the organisation of doctoral studies at the University of Helsinki. This and other documents describing the University and the Finnish higher education system were provided to the panellists. The panel feedback for each RC is unique and presented as an entity. The first collective evaluation reports available for the whole panel were prepared in July–August 2011. The reports were accessible to all panel members via the electronic evaluation platform in August. Scoring from 1 to 5 was used to complement written feedback in association with evaluation questions 1–4 (scientific focus and quality, doctoral training, societal impact, cooperation) and in addition to the category evaluating the fitness for participation in the evaluation. Panellists used the international level as a point of comparison in the evaluation. Scoring was not expected to go along with a preset deviation. Each of the draft reports were discussed and dealt with by the panel in meetings in Helsinki (from 11 September to 13 September or from 18 September to 20 September 2011). In these meetings the panels also examined the deviations among the scores and finalised the draft reports together. The current RC-specific report deals shortly with the background of the evaluation and the terms of participation. The main evaluation feedback is provided in the evaluation report, organised according to the evaluation questions. The original material provided by the RCs for the panellists has been attached to these documents.

On behalf of the evaluation steering group and office, I sincerely wish to thank you warmly for your participation in this evaluation. The effort you made in submitting the data to TUHAT-RIS is gratefully acknowledged by the University. We wish that you find this panel feedback useful in many ways. The bibliometric profiles may open a new view on your publication forums and provide a perspective for discussion on your choice of forums. We especially hope that this evaluation report will help you in setting the future goals of your research.

Johanna Björkroth Vice-Rector Chair of the Steering Group of the Evaluation

Steering Group of the evaluation Steering group, nominated by the Rector of the University, was responsible for the planning of the evaluation and its implementation having altogether 22 meetings between February 2010 and March 2012.

Chair Vice-Rector, professor Johanna Björkroth

Vice-Chair Professor Marja Airaksinen

Chief Information Specialist, Dr Maria Forsman Professor Arto Mustajoki University Lecturer, Dr Kirsi Pyhältö Director of Strategic Planning and Development, Dr Ossi Tuomi Doctoral candidate, MSocSc Jussi Vauhkonen

Panel members

CHAIR Professor Hebe Vessuri Social anthropology Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Venezuela

VICE-CHAIR Professor Christine Heim Psychology, neurobiology of early-life stress, depression, anxiety, functional somatic disorders Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany

Professor Allen Ketcham Ethics and social philosophy, applied Social philosophy, ethics of business Texas A&M University – Kingsville, USA

Professor Erno Lehtinen Education, educational reform University of Turku, Finland

Professor Enzo Mingione Urban sociology University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy

Professor Giovanna Procacci Political sociology, transformation of citizenship, social rights, social exclusion, immigration policy University of Milan, Italy

Professor Inger Johanne Sand Law, public law, legal theory University of Oslo, Norway

Professor Timo Teräsvirta Time series econometrics Aarhus University, Denmark

Professor Göran Therborn General sociology University of Cambridge, Great Britain

Professor Liisa Uusitalo Consumer behaviour (economic & social theory), marketing and communication research Aalto University, School of Economics, Finland

The panel, independently, evaluated all the submitted material and was responsible for the feedback of the RC-specific reports. The panel members were asked to confirm whether they had any conflict of interests with the RCs. If this was the case, the panel members disqualified themselves in discussion and report writing.

Added expertise to the evaluation was contributed by two members from the Panel of Humanities.

Experts from the Panel of Humanities Professor Erhard Hinrichs Professor Pauline von Bonsdorff

EVALUATION OFFICE Dr Seppo Saari, Doc., Senior Adviser in Evaluation, was responsible for the entire evaluation, its planning and implementation and acted as an Editor-in-chief of the reports.

Dr Eeva Sievi, Doc., Adviser, was responsible for the registration and evaluation material compilations for the panellists. She worked in the evaluation office from August 2010 to July 2011.

MSocSc Paula Ranne, Planning Officer, was responsible for organising the panel meetings and all the other practical issues like agreements and fees and editing a part the RC-specific reports. She worked in the evaluation office from March 2011 to January 2012.

Mr Antti Moilanen, Project Secretary, was responsible for editing the reports. He worked in the evaluation office from January 2012 to April 2012.

TUHAT OFFICE Provision of the publication and other scientific activity data Mrs Aija Kaitera, Project Manager of TUHAT-RIS served the project ex officio providing the evaluation project with the updated information from TUHAT-RIS. The TUHAT office assisted in mapping the publications with CWTS/University of Leiden.

MA Liisa Ekebom, Assisting Officer, served in TUHAT-RIS updating the publications for the evaluation. She also assisted the UH/Library analyses.

BA Liisa Jäppinen, Assisting Officer, served in TUHAT-RIS updating the publications for the evaluation.

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Provision of the publication analyses Dr Maria Forsman, Chief Information Specialist in the Helsinki University Library, managed with her 10 colleagues the bibliometric analyses in humanities, social sciences and in other fields of sciences where CWTS analyses were not applicable.

Acronyms and abbreviations applied in the report

External competitive funding AF – Academy of Finland TEKES - Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation EU - European Union ERC - European Research Council International and national foundations FP7/6 etc. /Framework Programmes/Funding of European Commission

Evaluation marks Outstanding (5) Excellent (4) Very Good (3) Good (2) Sufficient (1)

Abbreviations of Bibliometric Indicators P - Number of publications TCS – Total number of citations MCS - Number of citations per publication, excluding self-citations PNC - Percentage of uncited publications MNCS - Field-normalized number of citations per publication MNJS - Field-normalized average journal impact THCP10 - Field-normalized proportion highly cited publications (top 10%) INT_COV - Internal coverage, the average amount of references covered by the WoS WoS – Thomson Reuters Web of Science Databases

Participation category Category 1. The research of the participating community represents the international cutting edge in its field. Category 2. The research of the participating community is of high quality, but the community in its present composition has yet to achieve strong international recognition or a clear break-through. Category 3. The research of the participating community is distinct from mainstream research, and the special features of the research tradition in the field must be considered in the evaluation. Category 4. The research of the participating community represents an innovative opening. Category 5. The research of the participating community has a highly significant societal impact.

Research focus areas of the University of Helsinki Focus area 1: The basic structure, materials and natural resources of the physical world Focus area 2: The basic structure of life Focus area 3: The changing environment – clean water Focus area 4: The thinking and learning human being Focus area 5: Welfare and safety Focus area 6: Clinical research Focus area 7: Precise reasoning Focus area 8: Language and culture Focus area 9: Social justice Focus area 10: Globalisation and social change

1 Introduction to the Evaluation

1.1 RC-specific evaluation reports

The participants in the evaluation of research and doctoral training were Researcher Communities (hereafter referred to as the RC). The RC refers to the group of researchers who registered together in the evaluation of their research and doctoral training. Preconditions in forming RCs were stated in the Guidelines for the Participating Researcher Communities. The RCs defined themselves whether their compositions should be considered well-established or new. It is essential to emphasise that the evaluation combines both meta-evaluation1 and traditional research assessment exercise and its focus is both on the research outcomes and procedures associated with research and doctoral training. The approach to the evaluation is enhancement-led where self- evaluation constituted the main information. The answers to the evaluation questions formed together with the information of publications and other scientific activities an entity that was to be reviewed as a whole. The present evaluation recognizes and justifies the diversity of research practices and publication traditions. Traditional Research Assessment Exercises do not necessarily value high quality research with low volumes or research distinct from mainstream research. It is challenging to expose the diversity of research to fair comparison. To understand the essence of different research practices and to do justice to their diversity was one of the main challenges of the present evaluation method. Understanding the divergent starting points of the RCs demanded sensitivity from the evaluators.

1.2 Aims and objectives in the evaluation

The aims of the evaluation are as follows:

. to improve the level of research and doctoral training at the University of Helsinki and to raise their international profile in accordance with the University’s strategic policies. The improvement of doctoral training should be compared to the University’s policy.2 . to enhance the research conducted at the University by taking into account the diversity, originality, multidisciplinary nature, success and field-specificity, . to recognize the conditions and prerequisites under which excellent, original and high-impact research is carried out, . to offer the academic community the opportunity to receive topical and versatile international peer feedback, . to better recognize the University’s research potential. . to exploit the University’s TUHAT research information system to enable transparency of publishing activities and in the production of reliable, comparable data.

1.3 Evaluation method

The evaluation can be considered as an enhancement-led evaluation. Instead of ranking, the main aim is to provide useful information for the enhancement of research and doctoral training of the participating RCs. The comparison should take into account each field of science and acknowledge their special character.

1 The panellists did not read research reports or abstracts but instead, they evaluated answers to the evaluation questions, tables and compilations of publications, other scientific activities, bibliometrics or comparable analyses. 2 Policies on doctoral degrees and other postgraduate degrees at the University of Helsinki.

The comparison produced information about the present status and factors that have lead to success. Also challenges in the operations and outcomes were recognized. The evaluation approach has been designed to recognize better the significance and specific nature of researcher communities and research areas in the multidisciplinary top-level university. Furthermore, one of the aims of the evaluation is to bring to light those evaluation aspects that differ from the prevalent ones. Thus the views of various fields of research can be described and research arising from various starting points understood better. The doctoral training is integrated into the evaluation as a natural component related to research. Operational processes of doctoral training are being examined in the evaluation.

Five stages of the evaluation method were: 1. Registration – Stage 1 2. Self-evaluation – Stage 2 3. TUHAT3 compilations on publications and other scientific activities4 4. External evaluation 5. Public reporting

1.4 Implementation of the external evaluation

Five Evaluation Panels Five evaluation panels consisted of independent, renowned and highly respected experts. The main domains of the panels are: 1. biological, agricultural and veterinary sciences 2. medicine, biomedicine and health sciences 3. natural sciences 4. humanities 5. social sciences The University invited 10 renowned scientists to act as chairs or vice-chairs of the five panels based on the suggestions of faculties and independent institutes. Besides leading the work of the panel, an additional role of the chairs was to discuss with other panel chairs in order to adopt a broadly similar approach. The panel chairs and vice-chairs had a pre-meeting on 27 May 2011 in Amsterdam. The panel compositions were nominated by the Rector of the University 27 April 2011. The participating RCs suggested the panel members. The total number of panel members was 50. The reason for a smaller number of panellists as compared to the previous evaluations was the character of the evaluation as a meta-evaluation. The panellists did not read research reports or abstracts but instead, they evaluated answers to the evaluation questions, tables and compilations of publications, other scientific activities, bibliometrics and comparable analyses.

The panel meetings were held in Helsinki: . On 11–13 September 2011: (1) biological, agricultural and veterinary sciences, (2) medicine, biomedicine and health sciences and (3) natural sciences. . On 18–20 September 2011: (4) humanities and (5) social sciences.

3 TUHAT (acronym) of Research Information System (RIS) of the University of Helsinki 4 Supervision of thesis, prizes and awards, editorial work and peer reviews, participation in committees, boards and networks and public appearances.

1.5 Evaluation material

The main material in the evaluation was the RCs’ self-evaluations that were qualitative in character and allowed the RCs to choose what was important to mention or emphasise and what was left unmentioned. The present evaluation is exceptional at least in the Finnish context because it is based on both the evaluation documentation (self-evaluation questions, publications and other scientific activities) and the bibliometric reports. All documents were delivered to the panellists for examination. Traditional bibliometrics can be reasonably done mainly in medicine, biosciences and natural sciences when using the Web of Science database, for example. Bibliometrics, provided by CWTS/The Centre for Science and Technology Studies, University of Leiden, cover only the publications that include WoS identification in the TUHAT-RIS. Traditional bibliometrics are seldom relevant in humanities and social sciences because the international comparable databases do not store every type of high quality research publications, such as books and monographs and scientific journals in other languages than English. The Helsinki University Library has done analysis to the RCs, if their publications were not well represented in the Web of Science databases (RCs should have at least 50 publications and internal coverage of publications more than 40%) – it meant 58 RCs. The bibliometric material for the evaluation panels was available in June 2011. The RC- specific bibliometric reports are attached at the end of each report. The panels were provided with the evaluation material and all other necessary background information, such as the basic information about the University of Helsinki and the Finnish higher education system.

Evaluation material 1. Registration documents of the RCs for the background information 2. Self evaluation material – answers to the evaluation questions 3. Publications and other scientific activities based on the TUHAT RIS: 3.1. statistics of publications 3.2. list of publications 3.3. statistics of other scientific activities 3.4. list of other scientific activities 4. Bibliometrics and comparable analyses: 4.1. Analyses of publications based on the verification of TUHAT-RIS publications with the Web of Science publications (CWTS/University of Leiden) 4.2. Publication statistics analysed by the Helsinki University Library - mainly for humanities and social sciences 5. University level survey on doctoral training (August 2011) 6. University level analysis on publications 2005–2010 (August 2011) provided by CWTS/University of Leiden

Background material

University of Helsinki - Basic information about the University of the Helsinki - The structure of doctoral training at the University of Helsinki - Previous evaluations of research at the University of Helsinki – links to the reports: 1998 and 2005

The Finnish Universities/Research Institutes - Finnish University system - Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System - The State and Quality of Scientific Research in Finland. Publication of the Academy of Finland 9/09.

The evaluation panels were provided also with other relevant material on request before the meetings in Helsinki.

1.6 Evaluation questions and material

The participating RCs answered the following evaluation questions which are presented according to the evaluation form. In addition, TUHAT RIS was used to provide the additional material as explained. For giving the feedback to the RCs, the panellists received the evaluation feedback form constructed in line with the evaluation questions:

1. Focus and quality of the RC’s research . Description of the RC’s research focus. the quality of the RC’s research (incl. key research questions and results) the scientific significance of the RC’s research in the research field(s) . Identification of the ways to strengthen the focus and improve the quality of the RC’s research The additional material: TUHAT compilation of the RC’s publications, analysis of the RC’s publications data (provided by University of Leiden and the Helsinki University Library) A written feedback from the aspects of: scientific quality, scientific significance, societal impact, innovativeness . Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

Numeric evaluation: OUTSTANDING (5), EXCELLENT (4), VERY GOOD (3), GOOD (2), SUFFICIENT (1)

2. Practises and quality of doctoral training . Organising of the doctoral training in the RC. Description of the RC’s principles for: recruitment and selection of doctoral candidates supervision of doctoral candidates collaboration with faculties, departments/institutes, and potential graduate schools/doctoral programmes good practises and quality assurance in doctoral training assuring of good career perspectives for the doctoral candidates/fresh doctorates . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to the practises and quality of doctoral training, and the actions planned for their development. The additional material: TUHAT compilation of the RC’s other scientific activities/supervision of doctoral dissertations A written feedback from the aspects of: processes and good practices related to leadership and management . Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

Numeric evaluation: OUTSTANDING (5), EXCELLENT (4), VERY GOOD (3), GOOD (2), SUFFICIENT (1)

3. The societal impact of research and doctoral training . Description on how the RC interacts with and contributes to the society (collaboration with public, private and/or 3rd sector). . Identification of the ways to strengthen the societal impact of the RC’s research and doctoral training. The additional material: TUHAT compilation of the RC’s other scientific activities. A written feedback from the aspects of: societal impact, national and international collaboration, innovativeness

. Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

Numeric evaluation: OUTSTANDING (5), EXCELLENT (4), VERY GOOD (3), GOOD (2), SUFFICIENT (1)

4. International and national (incl. intersectoral) research collaboration and researcher mobility . Description of the RC’s research collaborations and joint doctoral training activities how the RC has promoted researcher mobility . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to research collaboration and researcher mobility, and the actions planned for their development. A written feedback from the aspects of: scientific quality, national and international collaboration . Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

Numeric evaluation: OUTSTANDING (5), EXCELLENT (4), VERY GOOD (3), GOOD (2), SUFFICIENT (1)

5. Operational conditions . Description of the operational conditions in the RC’s research environment (e.g. research infrastructure, balance between research and teaching duties). . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to operational conditions, and the actions planned for their development. A written feedback from the aspects of: processes and good practices related to leadership and management . Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

6. Leadership and management in the researcher community . Description of the execution and processes of leadership in the RC how the management-related responsibilities and roles are distributed in the RC how the leadership- and management-related processes support - high quality research - collaboration between principal investigators and other researchers in the RC the RC’s research focus - strengthening of the RC’s know-how . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to leadership and management, and the actions planned for developing the processes

7. External competitive funding of the RC . The RCs were asked to provide information of such external competitive funding, where: the funding decisions have been made during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010, and the administrator of the funding is/has been the University of Helsinki . On the e-form the RCs were asked to provide: 1) The relevant funding source(s) from a given list (Academy of Finland/Research Council, TEKES/The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation , EU, ERC, foundations, other national funding organisations, other international funding organisations), and 2)The total sum of funding which the organisation in question had decided to allocate to the RCs members during 1.1.2005–31.12.2010.

Competitive funding reported in the text is also to be considered when evaluating this point. A written feedback from the aspects of: scientific quality, scientific significance, societal impact, innovativeness, future significance . Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

8. The RC’s strategic action plan for 2011–2013 . RC’s description of their future perspectives in relation to research and doctoral training. A written feedback from the aspects of: scientific quality, scientific significance, societal Impact, processes and good practices related to leadership and management, national and international collaboration, innovativeness, future significance . Strengths . Areas of development

. Other remarks . Recommendations

9. Evaluation of the category of the RC in the context of entity of the evaluation material (1-8)

The RC’s fitness to the chosen participation category A written feedback evaluating the RC’s fitness to the chosen participation category . Strengths . Areas of development . Other remarks . Recommendations

Numeric evaluation: OUTSTANDING (5), EXCELLENT (4), VERY GOOD (3), GOOD (2), SUFFICIENT (1)

10. Short description of how the RC members contributed the compilation of the stage 2 material Comments on the compilation of evaluation material

11. How the UH’s focus areas are presented in the RC’s research? Comments if applicable

12. RC-specific main recommendations based on the previous questions 1–11

13. RC-specific conclusions

1.7 Evaluation criteria

The panellists were expected to give evaluative and analytical feedback to each evaluation question according to their aspects in order to describe and justify the quality of the submitted material. In addition, the evaluation feedback was asked to be pointed out the level of the performance according to the following classifications: . outstanding (5) . excellent (4) . very good (3) . good (2) . sufficient (1)

Evaluation according to the criteria was to be made with thorough consideration of the entire evaluation material of the RC in question. Finally, in questions 1-4 and 9, the panellists were expected to classify their written feedback into one of the provided levels (the levels included respective descriptions, ‘criteria’). Some panels used decimals in marks. The descriptive level was interpreted according to the integers and not rounding up the decimals by the editors.

Description of criteria levels Question 1 – FOCUS AND QUALITY OF THE RC’S RESEARCH

Classification: Criteria (level of procedures and results) Outstanding quality of procedures and results (5) Outstandingly strong research, also from international perspective. Attracts great international interest with a wide impact, including publications in leading journals and/or monographs published by leading international publishing houses. The research has world leading qualities. The research focus, key research questions scientific significance, societal impact and innovativeness are of outstanding quality. In cases where the research is of a national character and, in the judgement of the evaluators, should remain so, the concepts of ”international attention” or ”international impact” etc. in the grading criteria above may be replaced by ”international comparability”.

Operations and procedures are of outstanding quality, transparent and shared in the community. The improvement of research and other efforts are documented and operations and practices are in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of outstanding quality. Excellent quality of procedures and results (4) Research of excellent quality. Typically published with great impact, also internationally. Without doubt, the research has a leading position in its field in Finland. Operations and procedures are of excellent quality, transparent and shared in the community. The improvement of research and other efforts are documented and operations and practices are to large extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of excellent quality. Very good quality of procedures and results (3) The research is of such very good quality that it attracts wide national and international attention. Operations and procedures are of very good quality, transparent and shared in the community. The improvement of research and other efforts are documented and operations and practices are to large extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of very good quality. Good quality of procedures and results (2) Good research attracting mainly national attention but possessing international potential, extraordinarily high relevance may motivate good research. Operations and procedures are of good quality, shared occasionally in the community. The improvement of research and other efforts are occasionally documented and operations and practices are to large extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of good quality. Sufficient quality of procedures and results (1) In some cases the research is insufficient and reports do not gain wide circulation or do not have national or international attention. Research activities should be revised. Operations and procedures are of sufficient quality, shared occasionally in the community. The improvement of research and other efforts are occasionally documented and operations and practices are to some extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of sufficient quality.

Question 2 – DOCTORAL TRAINING Question 3 – SOCIETAL IMPACT Question 4 – COLLABORATION

Classification: Criteria (level of procedures and results) Outstanding quality of procedures and results (5) Procedures are of outstanding quality, transparent and shared in the community. The practices and quality of doctoral training/societal impact/international and national collaboration/leadership and management are documented and operations and practices are in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of outstanding quality. The procedures and results are regularly evaluated and the feedback has an effect on the planning. Excellent quality of procedures and results (4) Procedures are of excellent quality, transparent and shared in the community. The practices and quality of doctoral training/societal impact/international and national collaboration/leadership and management are documented and operations and practices are to large extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of excellent quality. The procedures and outcomes are evaluated and the feedback has an effect on the planning. Very good quality of procedures and results (3) Procedures are of very good quality, transparent and shared in the community. The practices and quality of doctoral training/societal impact/international and national collaboration/leadership and

management are documented and operations and practices are to large extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of very good quality. Good quality of procedures and results (2) Procedures are of good quality, shared occasionally in the community. The practices and quality of doctoral training/societal impact/international and national collaboration/leadership and management are documented and operations and practices are to large extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of good quality. Sufficient quality of procedures and results (1) Procedures are of sufficient quality, transparent and shared in the community. The practices and quality of doctoral training/societal impact/international and national collaboration/leadership and management are occasionally documented and operations and practices are to some extent in alignment with the documentation. The ambition to develop the community together is of sufficient quality.

Question 9 – CATEGORY Participation category – fitness for the category chosen

The choice and justification for the chosen category below should be reflected in the RC’s responses to the evaluation questions 1–8.

1. The research of the participating community represents the international cutting edge in its field. 2. The research of the participating community is of high quality, but the community in its present composition has yet to achieve strong international recognition or a clear break-through. 3. The research of the participating community is distinct from mainstream research, and the special features of the research tradition in the field must be considered in the evaluation. The research is of high quality and has great significance and impact in its field. However, the generally used research evaluation methods do not necessarily shed sufficient light on the merits of the research. 4. The research of the participating community represents an innovative opening. A new opening can be an innovative combination of research fields, or it can be proven to have a special social, national or international demand or other significance. Even if the researcher community in its present composition has yet to obtain proof of international success, its members can produce convincing evidence of the high level of their previous research. 5. The research of the participating community has a highly significant societal impact. The participating researcher community is able to justify the high social significance of its research. The research may relate to national legislation, media visibility or participation in social debate, or other activities promoting social development and human welfare. In addition to having societal impact, the research must be of a high standard.

An example of outstanding fitness for category choice (5) 5

The RC’s representation and argumentation for the chosen category were convincing. The RC recognized its real capacity and apparent outcomes in a wider context to the research communities. The specific character of the RC was well-recognized and well stated in the responses. The RC fitted optimally for the category.

. Outstanding (5) . Excellent (4) . Very good (3) . Good (2) . Sufficient (1) The above-mentioned definition of outstanding was only an example in order to assist the panellists in the positioning of the classification. There was no exact definition for the category fitness.

5 The panels discussed the category fitness and made the final conclusions of the interpretation of it.

1.8 Timetable of the evaluation

The main timetable of the evaluation: 1. Registration November 2010 2. Submission of self-evaluation materials January–February 2011 3. External peer review May–September 2011 4. Published reports March–April 2012 - University level public report - RC specific reports

The entire evaluation was implemented during the university’s strategy period 2010–2012. The preliminary results were available for the planning of the following strategy period in late autumn 2011. The evaluation reports will be published in March/April 2012. More detailed time schedule is published in the University report.

1.9 Evaluation feedback – consensus of the entire panel

The panellists evaluated all the RC-specific material before the meetings in Helsinki and mailed the draft reports to the evaluation office. The latest interim versions were on-line available to all the panellists on the Wiki-sites. In September 2011, in Helsinki the panels discussed the material, revised the first draft reports and decided the final numeric evaluation. After the meetings in Helsinki, the panels continued working and finalised the reports before the end of November 2011. The final RC-specific reports are the consensus of the entire panel. The evaluation reports were written by the panels independently. During the editing process, the evaluation office requested some clarifications from the panels when necessary. The tone and style in the reports were not harmonized in the editing process. All the reports follow the original texts written by the panels as far as it was possible. The original evaluation material of the RCs, provided for the panellists is attached at the end of the report. It is essential to notice that the exported lists of publications and other scientific activities depend how the data was stored in the TUHAT-RIS by the RCs.

2 Evaluation feedback

2.1 Focus and quality of the RC’s research

. Description of . the RC’s research focus . the quality of the RC’s research (incl. key research questions and results) . the scientific significance of the RC’s research in the research field(s) . Identification of the ways to strengthen the focus and improve the quality of the RC’s research ASPECTS: Scientific quality, scientific significance, societal impact, innovativeness

This is clearly an outstanding RC, well established with a long record of cutting edge research, particularly in the social demography of health and mortality, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary and quantitative research. CPHS aims at the highest international level in research and publishing, and has a large international recognition. UH is the only university in Finland that has a systematic teaching curriculum in demography. Numeric evaluation: 5 (Outstanding)

2.2 Practises and quality of doctoral training

. Organising of the doctoral training in the RC. Description of the RC’s principles for: . recruitment and selection of doctoral candidates . supervision of doctoral candidates . collaboration with faculties, departments/institutes, and potential graduate schools/doctoral programmes . good practises and quality assurance in doctoral training . assuring of good career perspectives for the doctoral candidates/fresh doctorates . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to the practises and quality of doctoral training, and the actions planned for their development. . Additional material: TUHAT compilation of the RC’s other scientific activities/supervision of doctoral dissertations ASPECTS: Processes and good practices related to leadership and management

Doctoral training is very well organized, multidisciplinary and including international experiences, abroad as well as through regular foreign guest teachers. Procedures of selection look appropriate, although they are not too much detailed. The system of two supervisors is commendable, although this might be challenged by increased number of students. The accounting system does not seem to be fully up the level of program itself. In one version of the RC report we were told that in 2005-10 there were 25 PhDs and currently 43 students in the program. In a second version there were 26 doctors and 41 current students. PhD students are involved in graduate teaching. It is unclear whether there are language requirements. Numeric evaluation: 5 (Outstanding)

2.3 The societal impact of research and doctoral training

. Description on how the RC interacts with and contributes to the society (collaboration with public, private and/or 3rd sector). . Identification of the ways to strengthen the societal impact of the RC’s research and doctoral training. . Additional material: TUHAT compilation of the RC’s other scientific activities. ASPECTS: Societal impact, national and international collaboration, innovativeness

The research of CPHS is highly relevant to public policy and public debate. It is well fed into the political sphere, of ministries, public agencies, and parliament. Input into media is not insignificant, but seems to have a lower priority. Numeric evaluation: 5 (Outstanding)

2.4 International and national (incl. intersectoral) research collaboration and researcher mobility

. Description of . the RC’s research collaborations and joint doctoral training activities . how the RC has promoted researcher mobility . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to research collaboration and researcher mobility, and the actions planned for their development. ASPECTS: Scientific quality, national and international collaboration

The RC is extremely well integrated into the top international research community of its field of investigation. However this concerns largely the PIs (according to all main indicators), while it is unclear from the materials how much effort is done for researchers’ mobility and international training. Numeric evaluation: 5 (Outstanding)

2.5 Operational conditions

. Description of the operational conditions in the RC’s research environment (e.g. research infrastructure, balance between research and teaching duties). . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to operational conditions, and the actions planned for their development. ASPECTS: Processes and good practices related to leadership and management

CPHS is operating under excellent conditions, some which self-created, such as the huge longitudinal database on the life-courses of hundreds of thousands of Finns. But the RC is complaining about mounting time pressure from graduate teaching and administration and points at decreasing opportunities for sabbaticals as a challenge for keeping the scientific leadership within the RC.

2.6 Leadership and management in the researcher community

. Description of . the execution and processes of leadership in the RC . how the management-related responsibilities and roles are distributed in the RC . how the leadership- and management-related processes support . high quality research . collaboration between principal investigators and other researchers in the RC

. the RC’s research focus . strengthening of the RC’s know-how . Identification of the RC’s strengths and challenges related to leadership and management, and the actions planned for developing the processes ASPECTS: Processes and good practices related to leadership and management

The RC has a steering group, with student representation for its doctoral program, and individual research management by the principal investigators and their research groups. The steering group centralizes management of the doctoral program (selection, supervision and funding), while PIs are responsible for scientific and administrative tasks linked to research groups. A close link between research and doctoral training is maintained. This structure fits a creative peer group very well, but may hamper collective strategic planning, especially if financial and supervision resources remain at the current level while the number of doctoral students will increase

2.7 External competitive funding of the RC

• The RCs were asked to provide information of such external competitive funding, where: • the funding decisions have been made during 1.1.2005–31.12.2010, and • the administrator of the funding is/has been the University of Helsinki • On the e-form the RCs were asked to provide: 1) The relevant funding source(s) from a given list (Academy of Finland/Research Council, TEKES/The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, EU, ERC, foundations, other national funding organisations, other international funding organizations), and 2) The total sum of funding which the organisation in question had decided to allocate to the RCs members during 1.1.2005–31.12.2010. Competitive funding reported in the text is also to be considered when evaluating this point. ASPECTS: Scientific quality, scientific significance, societal impact, innovativeness and future significance

For an RC of this calibre, its amount of international funding is not very large, though substantial. There may be no need felt, as CPHS is richly funded from domestic sources, by the Academy of Finland above all, but this may put some limits to the RC international visibility.

2.8 The RC’s strategic action plan for 2011–2013

• RC’s description of their future perspectives in relation to research and doctoral training. ASPECTS: Scientific quality, scientific significance, societal Impact, processes and good practices related to leadership and management, national and international collaboration, innovativeness, future significance

The strategic plan is basically, more the same, and that is certainly good enough. Some major works of synthesis of CPHS research, for national society and for the global scholarly community would be a very important contribution. They plan some expansion of the doctoral program, namely by recruiting foreign students, what will demand more resources in supervision and therefore more funding. It is recommended that the RC strengthen its capacity in international funding.

2.9 Evaluation of the category of the RC in the context of entity of the evaluation material (1-8)

The RC’s fitness to the chosen participation category. Category 1. The research of the participating community represents the international cutting edge in its field.

CPHS claims category 1 for itself, and that is clearly proper and adequate. The fact that this is an RC with about three decades of research history, and that its doctoral program already has half that age underline the solidity of the CPHS Achievement. Numeric evaluation: 5 (Outstanding)

2.10 Short description of how the RC members contributed the compilation of the stage 2 material

Procedures for compiling the evaluation materials look adequate: a general consultation for collecting information, a first draft written by the coordinator and commented by the PIs, about 2 weeks for all RC members to react before the final version.

2.11 How the UH’s focus areas are presented in the RC’s research

Focus area 5: Welfare and safety

CPHS is not quite in the focus of Helsinki University, although its research contributes to the areas of welfare and safety and of social justice.

2.12 RC-specific main recommendations

. Some collective work of synthesis on population, living conditions, healthy and mortality would be very valuable. . Reinforcing involvement of young researchers in international activity and publishing . Strengthening the capacity of international funding

2.13 RC-specific conclusions

This is a well established RC of international excellence. It should pay attention to the slightly downward- sloping trend of its citations. A collective work of synthesis of its research woiuld make an enduring international impact.

3 Appendices

A. Original evaluation material a. Registration material – Stage 1 b. Answers to evaluation questions – Stage 2 c. List of publications d. List of other scientific activities B. Bibliometric analyses a. Analysis provided by CWTS/University of Leiden b. Analysis provided by Helsinki University Library (66 RCs)

International evaluation of research and doctoral training at the University of Helsinki 2005-2010

RC-SPECIFIC MATERIAL FOR THE PEER REVIEW

NAME OF THE RESEARCHER COMMUNITY: Centre for Population, Health and Society (CPHS)

LEADER OF THE RESEARCHER COMMUNITY: Professor Pekka Martikainen, Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences

RC-SPECIFIC MATERIAL FOR THE PEER REVIEW: Material submitted by the RC at stages 1 and 2 of the evaluation - STAGE 1 material: RC’s registration form (incl. list of RC participants in an excel table) - STAGE 2 material: RC’s answers to evaluation questions TUHAT compilations of the RC members’ publications 1.1.2005-31.12.2010 TUHAT compilations of the RC members’ other scientific activities 1.1.2005-31.12.2010 Web of Science(WoS)-based bibliometrics of the RC’s publications data 1.1.2005-31.12.2010 (analysis carried out by CWTS, Leiden University) NB! Since Web of Science(WoS)-based bibliometrics does not provide representative results for most RCs representing humanities, social sciences and computer sciences, the publications of these RCs will be analyzed by the UH Library (results available by the end of June, 2011)

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 1 MATERIAL (registration form)

1 RESPONSIBLE PERSON Name: Martikainen, Pekka E-mail: Phone: +358 44 286 1946 Affiliation: Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, Population Research U Street address: Unioninkatu 35, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTICIPATING RESEARCHER COMMUNITY (RC) Name of the participating RC (max. 30 characters): Centre for Population, Health and Society Acronym for the participating RC (max. 10 characters): CPHS Description of the operational basis in 2005-2010 (eg. research collaboration, joint doctoral training activities) on which the RC was formed (MAX. 2200 characters with spaces): The RC – Centre for Population, Health and Society (CPHS) – is based on a long-lasting collaboration between scholars and teams engaged in advanced quantitative research and doctoral training in social sciences and public health. Within the Faculty of Social Sciences, key disciplines in the CPHS are sociology, with an emphasis on population based research on social structural and socioeconomic influences on health, mortality, population ageing and other demographic phenomena; social policy, with an emphasis on research on welfare and health; and social psychology, with an emphasis on psychosocial determinants of health and health behaviours. Within the Faculty of Medicine, the key disciplines are medical sociology and social epidemiology, with an emphasis on social determinants and social consequences of population health. Further relevant disciplines, such as economics, family and gender studies, development research, lifestyle research and occupational medicine are also included.

The research collaboration originates from the late 1980s when social science research on health and mortality expanded and adopted truly multidisciplinary approaches. Strong research teams emerged using frameworks cutting across social and public health sciences. From the early start the network has led to joint research projects funded e.g. by the Academy of Finland and Nordic, European and US funders. With this funding the CPHS is involved with close research partners e.g. in the Nordic countries, Britain, the Netherlands, Japan and the USA. An important part has been collaboration within several EU projects from then early 1990s onwards. The CPHS is closely linked with Finnish universities and research centres (e.g. THL, FIOH, OPTULA, ETLA) through research and doctoral training.

The CPHS teams are responsible for the doctoral programme ‘Population, Health and Living Conditions’ since 1994, currently part of the Finnish Doctoral Program in Social Sciences (SOVAKO). This programme focuses on training in advanced quantitative research on health and other social phenomena within a multidisciplinary and international context.

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 1 MATERIAL (registration form)

3 SCIENTIFIC FIELDS OF THE RC Main scientific field of the RC’s research: social sciences RC's scientific subfield 1: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary RC's scientific subfield 2: Demography RC's scientific subfield 3: Psychology, Social RC's scientific subfield 4: Public, Environmental and Occupational Health Other, if not in the list:

4 RC'S PARTICIPATION CATEGORY Participation category: 1. Research of the participating community represents the international cutting edge in its field Justification for the selected participation category (MAX. 2200 characters with spaces): The justification for the participation category rises from a number of strengths of the CPHS.

- The CPHS shows strong publication activity in leading international journals within social sciences and public health with a large number of important and well cited articles in research on population health.

- The RC is the only unit in Finland that provides systematic teaching in population studies in Finland, and its mission is to provide quantitative research training for graduate and postgraduate students in the study of population health within the social context. Such research is needed in the universities, research institutes as well as public administration.

- The multidisciplinary theoretical background allows a broad range of explanatory factors to be examined from distal social structures, institutional arrangements and socioeconomic factors to meso-level networks and psychosocial factors to proximal individual characteristics and risk factors.

- The research work within the CPHS has access to and experience of unique longitudinal register, cohort and survey data sources. Linking various data sources together enables exceptionally powerful designs to examine causes and consequences of population health.

- The research makes maximal use of advanced statistical methodologies, being a key resource for innovative and high quality research and yielding convincing causal evidence.

- CPHS teams have very strong experience of international comparative research allowing for explanatory frameworks to be tested in different national contexts.

- Within the area of health the CPHS covers all key domains of health from health behaviours and biomarkers to symptoms, illnesses and diseases to functioning, disability and mortality.

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 1 MATERIAL (registration form)

- Intervention studies are included and these are particularly relevant for health promotion and prevention of major diseases.

5 DESCRIPTION OF THE RC'S RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING Public description of the RC's research and doctoral training (MAX. 2200 characters with spaces): The key disciplines in the CPHS are demography, medical sociology, social epidemiology and social psychology. The research within the CPHS is based on large population based studies on social structural and socioeconomic influences on health behaviours, biomarkers, health, disease and mortality; their psychosocial determinants, as well as consequences of health and illness. The CPHS teams apply advanced study designs and statistical methods and the outcomes of research are published in leading international journals. There is long-lasting strong international collaboration that has also lead to a large number of international comparative studies. The CPHS findings are used in monitoring of health inequalities and in policies to reduce these inequalities. Intervention studies within the CPHS contribute to more efficient health promotion programs.

The CPHS has a long experience of using various data sources that enable powerful designs to examine causes and consequences of population health. In particular, as part of the CPHS the ‘Population Research Unit’ has the responsibility for the maintenance and development of an individual-level register-based data set designed for the analysis of different demographic and social phenomena. This data set is unique and internationally well-known for its quality, and it covers 40 years of follow-up of the total Finnish population. Within the Faculty of Medicine the CPHS team is the only one in charge of social scientific research and training on population health.

The CPHS doctoral program ‘Population, Health and Living Conditions’ focuses on advanced quantitative health research, and the participating teams are natural learning environments for international level research. Active collaboration between CPHS teams and national and international research institutes provides excellent opportunities for students to participate in multidisciplinary research and provide excellent employment opportunities. Training has been international during the last fifteen years with leading foreign visitors and teachers participating in the seminars. A doctoral training programme with Swedish partners has continued for over ten years. Significance of the RC's research and doctoral training for the University of Helsinki (MAX. 2200 characters with spaces): The CPHS doctoral training has several strengths and some distinct features that make it an integral part of the research and doctoral training at the University of Helsinki. The volume, quality and societal impact of the research that the CPHS teams have published is high e.g. in terms of international citations and we trust that our recent research will be well-cited in the future as well. We believe that the CPHS is one of the most important centers for quantitative social science research at the University of Helsinki. For doctoral students the CPHS community is large enough to provide experienced supervision and also a network of peers who focus on similar topics and use similar data and methods. All this adds to scholarly discussions and learning. ‘Population, Health and Living Conditions’ -graduate school is the only doctoral programme in social sciences that focuses on quantitative research using advanced 3

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 1 MATERIAL (registration form) methods. Since 1994 several generations of doctors who have found employment in the private and public sector and especially academic and other research positions. The CPHS has a long tradition of collaboration with other research institutes and other governmental institutions to create excellent data sources for research. This would have been practically impossible for the University alone. As the first research projects started already in the 1980s, the CPHS has been able to redirect research to new highly relevant topics, adopt new methodologies and approaches and recruit new young generations of researchers to the teams. All this makes the CPHS a very strong and important part of the University with the aim to improve well- being and equality in society. Keywords: population studies, social sciences, public health, social psychology, medical sociology, mortality, morbidity, health behaviours, illnesses and disease, functioning, disability, quantitative research, longitudinal register data, cohort and survey data, intervention studies, multidisciplinary, comparative research, health promotion, social structure, institutional arrangements, socioeconomic, socio- demographic, psychosocial, population ageing, stratification research, family and gender studies, development research, lifestyle

6 QUALITY OF RC'S RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING Justified estimate of the quality of the RC's research and doctoral training at national and international level during 2005-2010 (MAX. 2200 characters with spaces): The CPHS aims at the highest international level. The research has been published in leading international peer-reviewed journals. Many of these journals are very difficult to penetrate as less than 10% of submitted articles are accepted.

In the evaluation period the members of the CPHS have several hundred published articles in international peer-reviewed journals. Some of the most acclaimed contributions are among the best cited Finnish papers on social sciences. Several publications have more than 100 citations. According to latest ISI reports, there were more than 3000 life-time citations to articles authored by several of the PIs.

A further indication of the recognition of the CPHS research is acceptance in the international research community. The PIs have built up networks of researchers working in various countries. The CPHS networks combine several different disciplines, which makes research significantly richer. The PIs have published with foreign academics coming from about 20 countries working in more than 40 research groups or institutes.

Many PIs are also associate editors of major international (e.g. International Journal of Epidemiology, Social Science & Medicine, European Journal of Public Health, BMC Public Health) and national journals, international academic organisations, and journal or grant reviewers (e.g. ERC, EU, ESF, Academy of Finland, and many national research councils). Prof. Valkonen received an honorary doctorate from the Stockholm University during the evaluation period.

The CPHS collaborates with other Finnish universities and national research centres. Part of this work has been to influence health and welfare policies. For example, the CPHS members have participated in various 4

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 1 MATERIAL (registration form) governmental working groups that aim to improve the data base on social determinants of health and strengthen the links between research and policies. Our research has also been used to set targets for the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in health and mortality set in the national action plan. The CPHS has attracted funding from many Academy of Finland research programmes and targeted calls that fall in the area of its work. Comments on how the RC's scientific productivity and doctoral training should be evaluated (MAX. 2200 characters with spaces): The CPHS can be evaluated on its performance in the domains of (1) research, (2) doctoral training and (3) societal impact. We believe the CPHS fares very well against various criteria that can be proposed for these domains, and is one of the most important centers for quantitative social science research at the University of Helsinki.

The quality of the research within the CPHS is demonstrated by its publications in the best journals in the field. We also have a proven track record of collaboration with leading foreign and domestic teams in other university departments and research institutes. The CPHS investigators are also active members of the international research community. The researchers have a solid experience of leading research teams and attracting grants from various national and international sources.

In 2005-2010 the doctoral programme ‘Population, Health and Living Conditions’ has educated 25 completed PhDs and currently has 43 doctoral students. All of them have received high quality teaching in population and health research with many spending extended periods in international collaborating research communities abroad during their studies. The demand for students from the programme has been steady; with all being recruited in either universities, research centres and the public and private sector.

The University of Helsinki emphasises societal interaction and dialogue with society at large. The research of the CPHS has strong policy relevance. We foster societal interaction e.g. by working closely with the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, and its main research institute, the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health as well as the National Research Institute of Legal Policy. Our expertise has been called upon frequently; e.g. by the Pension Committee set by the Government. The CPHS members have also actively published in Finnish-language journals and books with a broader reader base and they are frequently approached by the media. The research of the team has been presented for decision makers in the Finnish parliament on several occasions and in the Scottish parliament in 2009.

LIST OF RC MEMBERS

NAME OF THE RESEARCHER COMMUNITY: Centre for Population, Health and Society – CPHS RC-LEADER P. Martikainen CATEGORY 1 PI-status (TUHAT, Title of research and Last name First name 29.11.2010) teaching personnel Affiliation Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 1 Martikainen Pekka x Professor Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, Social 2 Haukkala Ari x Professor Psychology 3 Lahelma Eero x Professor Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

4 Rahkonen Ossi x Professor Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 5 Silventoinen Karri x University lecturer Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 6 Valkonen Tapani x Professor, emeritus Population Research Unit 7 Aittomäki Akseli Postdoctoral Researcher Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 8 Einiö Elina Postdoctoral Researcher Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 9 Herttua Kimmo Postdoctoral Researcher Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 10 Jalovaara Marika x Postdoctoral Researcher Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 11 Joutsenniemi Kaisla Postdoctoral Researcher Population Research Unit 12 Laaksonen Mikko Postdoctoral Researcher Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

13 Laaksonen Elina Postdoctoral Researcher Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

14 Lallukka Tea x Postdoctoral Researcher Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 15 Mäki Netta Postdoctoral Researcher Population Research Unit 16 Saastamoinen Peppiina Postdoctoral Researcher Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 17 Shemeikka Riikka x Postdoctoral Researcher Population Research Unit 18 Aaltonen Mikko Doctoral candidate National Research Institute of Legal Policy

19 Berg Noora Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

20 Haaramo Peija Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

21 Impinen Antti Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

22 Kaikkonen Risto Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, Social 23 Kinnunen Marja Doctoral candidate Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, Social 24 Kiviruusu Olli Doctoral candidate Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, Social 25 Konttinen Hanna Doctoral candidate Psychology 26 Lahti Jouni Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

27 Laitala Venla Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 28 Leinonen Taina Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit 29 Lyytikäinen Peppi Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 30 Metsä-Simola Niina Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 31 Moustgaard Heta Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 32 Mäenpää Elina Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 33 Nisen Jessica Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit 34 Pennanen Marjaana Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

35 Piha Kustaa Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

36 Polvinen Anu Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 37 Raito Petteri Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 38 Remes Hanna Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit 39 Roos Eira Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

40 Salonsalmi Aino Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

41 Seiluri Tina Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 42 Sipilä Petteri Doctoral candidate Population Research Unit 43 Volanen Salla-Maarit Doctoral candidate Faculty of Medicine, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 2 MATERIAL

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Name of the RC’s responsible person: Martikainen, Pekka E-mail of the RC’s responsible person: Name and acronym of the participating RC: Centre for Population, Health and Society, CPHS The RC’s research represents the following key focus area of UH: 5. Hyvinvointi ja turvallisuus – Welfare and safety Comments for selecting/not selecting the key focus area: This Research Community (RC) - Centre for Population, Health and Society (CPHS) - focuses on the social determinants of mortality, population health and well-being, and other social phenomena such as crime, family and fertility dynamics. Thus the research and doctoral training of the CPHS is closely related two focus areas of the University of Helsinki, i.e. welfare and safety as well as social justice. Health, in particular, is a key domain of welfare as it is a necessary resource needed for active participation in society. Social justice is highly important to health and living conditions in populations as a fair and equal distribution of health is vital to welfare and well-being in society. Currently we are experiencing major social and demographic transformations (e.g. population ageing and changing family forms) that will challenge national welfare and social protection systems. The research and doctoral training within the CPHS is highly relevant for understanding these transformations, and thus has – in addition to scientific relevance – also significance for policy-making.

1 FOCUS AND QUALITY OF RC'S RESEARCH (MAX. 8800 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

Description of the RC’s research focus, the quality of the RC’s research (incl. key research questions and results) and the scientific significance of the RC’s research for the research field(s). The RC – Centre for Population, Health and Society (CPHS) – is based on a long-lasting national and international interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars and teams engaged in advanced quantitative research and doctoral training in social sciences and public health. At the University of Helsinki within the Faculty of Social Sciences, key disciplines included in the CPHS are sociology, with an emphasis on population studies/demography, social policy, and social psychology. Within the Faculty of Medicine, the key disciplines include medical sociology and social epidemiology. The CPHS also works closely with researchers from economics, epidemiology, behaviour genetics, statistics, family and gender studies, criminology, development studies, research on lifestyles as well as social psychiatry.

A particular long-term research aim of CPHS is to provide novel evidence on the factors influencing current trends and causes of social differences in health and well-being. Social differentials in health and well-being are driven by a range of more distal socio-structural processes and proximate individual level factors; ranging from school and labour market processes, income distribution, regional contexts and long-term social transformations such as population ageing and family change, to more proximate individual characteristics, behaviours and psychosocial circumstances. Being anchored in all major social sciences relevant for the study of social determinants of health, the CPHS is well positioned theoretically and methodologically to contribute to this aim.

The CPHS research is mainly grounded on the excellent Finnish longitudinal population based data sources. The CPHS maintains individual-level register-based data sets designed for the analysis of different demographic and social phenomena. These data link large representative samples of individual level census records with information on socio-demographic characteristics with outcome data from

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 2 MATERIAL other registers on causes of death, hospital discharge diagnoses, medication use, pensions, and crime. Maximal use is also made of the linkage of national registers with longitudinal surveys collected by the research teams. Furthermore CPHS utilizes data sets collected in several other countries allowing international comparisons. The CPHS research teams have long-term experience and all the necessary competence and resources, including teaching and research staff from senior scientists to undergraduate students to use these data sources. New generations of researchers with skills to use these data are trained in the doctoral programme on Population, Health and Living Conditions (PHLC/SOVAKO) run by the CPHS.

Some of our key research focuses are: - International comparisons of social determinants of health, cause-specific mortality and long-term care use. - Analyses of the contribution of education, social class and income on differentials in health and well- being over time. - Analyses of social variations in long-term care among the oldest-old. - The effects of long-term social trajectories on loss of health and functioning as well as disability retirement, crime and premature death. - Evaluation of the contribution of alcohol, tobacco and health related lifestyles on social variations in health. - Analyses of area, workplace and family level contextual social determinants on health and mortality. - Causes and health consequences of changing family forms and living arrangements. - Consequences of major life-events over the life course, such as unemployment, retirement or widowhood, for health, well-being and mortality. - Psychosocial and other determinants of health behaviours, obesity and growth. - Intergenerational social transmission of health and social achievement. - Demographic development, HIV-epidemic and sexual and reproductive health in Africa.

It is difficult to assess the scientific quality and significance of research objectively. The work of the CPHS has aimed at the highest international level. The research of CPHS focuses on the most topical research questions within its research area. The seniors are among the most cited Finnish social scientists, and the quality and quantity of the research is at the highest international level. Several doctoral theses have been completed within the doctoral programme PHLC with the best possible grades. At the same time the scientific research within the CPHS is highly relevant for interventions and policies to promote overall health and well-being as well as equity between population groups (more details in section 3).

We have developed multidimensional causal frameworks for the study of the social determinants of health and used quasi-experimental or natural experimental study designs to quantify the effects of policies (alcohol tax changes), societal shocks (mass unemployment) or life-events (retirement) to make stronger causal inferences. These analyses contribute to our theoretical understanding in pinpointing the relative importance of various causal factors and causal pathways leading to adverse and beneficial outcomes in health and well-being. For example, we have previously demonstrated large social differentials in mortality and health in Finland and that these differentials are increasing. Our comparative evidence further demonstrates that the Nordic social welfare system has not been able to

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produce smaller differentials than elsewhere in Europe. Furthermore, our analyses of the reduction of alcohol taxes in Finland demonstrate increasing alcohol-related mortality in the socially disadvantaged groups. The CPHS research is thus contributing to the accumulation of the scientific evidence base.

An indication of the quality of our research is that it has been published in major international peer- reviewed journals in our field. Some of the international journals (e.g., Population Studies, Social Science & Medicine, American Journal of Epidemiology and American Journal of Public Health) are among the leading publications in their areas, and some (including Lancet, Circulation, JAMA and British Medical Journal) are very difficult to penetrate. In the evaluation period the members of the CPHS have several hundred published articles in international peer-reviewed journals. Some of the most acclaimed contributions are among the best cited Finnish papers on social sciences. Several publications have more than 100 citations. According to ISI reports from 2010, there were more than 3000 life-time citations to articles authored by several of the principal investigators in the CPHS.

A further indication of the quality of the research work of the CPHS is our extensive participation and acceptance in the international research community. This is demonstrated for example by: (1) invitation to participate in several major collaborative research projects with leading international and national scholars in the past 5 years, (2) editorship in several international scientific journals, (3) peer and grant review for major international science funders and journals, (4) participation in various working groups of international scientific organisations, (5) extensive joint publication with leading foreign academics coming from several countries, (6) invitations to work as supervisors or examiners of several doctoral dissertations in foreign universities (details in section 4). The CPHS also attracts large amounts of funding from various competed and peer reviewed funding calls.

Ways to strengthen the focus and improve the quality of the RC’s research. We aim to further improve our current publishing activity at the forefront of research on social determinants of health and population studies. This needs continuous follow-up of the latest developments both in research and methods, and new collection of data sets that allow answering novel research questions and a strong researcher mobility initiative at home and abroad. The CPHS will participate in grant calls of the Academy of Finland and apply EU funding to maintain its current level of resourcing. However, we will also aim to increase our direct institutional resources by participating in the newly established tenure track system. We will strengthen our other areas of research such as fertility and family and global demographic questions and work with new initiatives by nurturing the existing research collaborations across departments, disciplines and research institutes outside CPHS. New initiatives include analyses on offending and victimisation, social mobility and intergenerational transmission of social disadvantage using register-based individual data.

2 PRACTISES AND QUALITY OF DOCTORAL TRAINING (MAX. 8800 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

How is doctoral training organised in the RC? Description of the RC’s principles for recruitment and selection of doctoral candidates, supervision of doctoral candidates, collaboration with faculties, departments/institutes, and potential graduate schools/doctoral programmes, good practises and quality assurance in doctoral training, and assuring good career perspectives for the doctoral candidates/fresh doctorates. Since 1994 the CPHS teams have been responsible for the doctoral programme ‘Population, Health and Living Conditions (PHLC)’, an active part in the National Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences (SOVAKO). The principal aim of the PHLC is to train high quality independent researchers who are able to play leading roles in research on population health and well-being and its social determinants within the scientific as well as in the broader community. This goal can be achieved through (1) rigorous 3

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RC-SPECIFIC STAGE 2 MATERIAL instruction in the theoretical approaches, methods, and empirical analyses of our disciplines, and (2) incorporation of students into departmental research projects that will eventually lead into independent research. The doctoral training within the CPHS in intertwined with its general focus and aims. Thus the doctoral training encompasses demography, sociology, social policy, social psychology and social epidemiology, providing the necessary scientific background for the study of population health, living conditions and other social phenomena.

The doctoral training of CPHS focuses on advanced quantitative research on health and well-being, and the participating teams are natural learning environments for international level research. Active collaboration between CPHS teams and national and international research institutes provides doctoral students a possibility to participate in multidisciplinary research teams and excellent employment opportunities. At the moment the CPHS research community is large enough to provide experienced supervision for its doctoral students. It also includes a supportive network of peers focusing on similar topics and using similar data and methods.

The students are recruited from an open national competition. It is a prerequisite that the recruited students have performed well in their MSc courses, have written an excellent research proposal, have typically previous international or national scientific publications as well as proper supervision. Typically students have at least two supervisors and most also a two member external follow-up group. The supervisors come from the core team of the CPHS as well as elsewhere, most often being research professors at national research institutes.

At least twice a month the programme has a Monday seminar where a student presents a research proposal, an article manuscripts or a thesis summary. It is expected that each student presents her/his research papers four or five times during her/his training. Each paper also has a commentator who starts the discussion after the paper presentation. In addition to the Monday seminar, courses in Practical Research Skills are organised on average once during the term. These seminars include themes such as research ethics, scientific writing and presenting, writing an abstract, writing a research proposal, submitting a paper to an international journal and writing the summary paper of the thesis. Courses on advanced statistical methods are also frequently organised.

The PHLC doctoral programme often organises courses together with other doctoral programmes. In particular, PHLC has a close collaboration with the national Doctoral Programs in Public Health (DPPH) and some of our students have funding from DPPH. The CPHS senior researchers are also active in PhD supervision outside the PHLC. The CPHS doctoral training has been international during the last fifteen years with regular leading foreign visitors and teachers participating in the seminar work (e.g. Profs. Marmot, Elo, Blane, Bartley, Grundy, Lundberg, Chandola). A permanent (once a year either in Helsinki or Stockholm) doctoral training programme with Swedish partners (Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet) has continued for over ten years. In addition, research training with Scottish colleagues (Medical Research Council/Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow) has been frequent for more than 15 years.

Often PhD students visit collaborating centres abroad for further study. The strong international links of the CPHS senior researchers make this possible. Previous PhD visits have taken place e.g. with the University College London (Kimmo Herttua, 6 months in 2009), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Elina Einiö, 6 months in 2009), University of Pennsylvania (Mikko Aaltonen, 6 months in 2011), and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock (Jessica Nisén, 2 months in 2011).

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Since 1994 several generations of doctors have found employment in the private and public sector as well as in academic and other research positions. Our doctoral programme PHLC frequently organises excursions to potential employers (such as Statistics Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute of Occupational Health). In 2005-2010 the doctoral programme has educated 26 completed PhDs and currently has 41 students. All of them have received high quality teaching in population, health and well-being research with many spending extended periods in international collaborating research communities abroad during their studies. The demand for graduates from the doctoral programme has been steady. All of the programme graduates have been recruited either in the universities, research centres or the public and private sector. The career perspectives of our doctoral students have been very good. RC’s strengths and challenges related to the practises and quality of doctoral training, and the actions planned for their development. The CPHS doctoral training has several strengths that make it an integral part of the research and doctoral training at the University of Helsinki. The CPHS is one of the most important centres for quantitative social science research at the University. The PHLC is the only doctoral programme in social sciences that focuses on quantitative research using advanced methods. The CPHS has a tradition of collaboration across disciplines and with other research institutes and governmental institutions to create excellent data sources for research. The CPHS is able to redirect research to novel highly relevant topics, develop and adopt new methodologies as well as recruit young generations of researchers.

A challenge for the CPHS is to safeguard adequate supervision in the face of increasing student numbers. Another challenge is to recruit more overseas students. We aim to extend our international training collaboration to other Nordic countries, first to the University of Copenhagen and University of Oslo, and strengthen our already strong visiting programme for PhD students.

3 SOCIETAL IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING (MAX. 4400 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

Description of how the RC interacts with and contributes to the society (collaboration with public, private and/or 3rd sector). The Finnish University Law identifies societal impact as the third core task of universities. While being basic science research, the research agenda of the CPHS has strong policy relevance. Reduction of the large socioeconomic inequalities in health and living conditions is a key route to improving the welfare of the population. Our research (1) monitors health, mortality and well-being over time and thus helps identify high risk groups where interventions are needed, (2) international comparisons identify policy contexts where inequalities are particularly large and thus identify a potential for reduction of inequalities, (3) causal research suggests factors that can be modified to produce beneficial outcomes.

We foster societal interaction e.g. by working closely with the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, and the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health as well as Statistics Finland and the National Research Institute of Legal Policy. Our expertise has been called upon frequently; e.g. by the Pension Committee set by the Government. The CPHS members have also actively published in Finnish-language journals and books with a broader reader base and they are frequently approached by the media for interview. The research results of the teams have been presented for decision makers in the Finnish parliament on several occasions and in the Scottish parliament in 2009.

The CPHS members have participated in governmental working groups that aim to improve the data base on social determinants of health and well-being and strengthen the links between research and 5

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practice. Our research has been used to set targets for the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in health and mortality in the national action plan. The CPHS researchers have attracted funding from many Academy of Finland research programmes, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, TEKES and the EU that fall in the area of policy relevant work; such as research on health promotion both nationally and globally, public health, the demand and funding for long-term care, and the means for reduction of social inequalities in Europe (EU-funded projects MAGGIE, FELICIE, EUROTHINE and EURO-GBD-SE). Most of the research within the CPHS provides evidence for prevention, health promotion and improving the level and equal distribution of health.

Although the majority of the CPHS research is published in international scientific journals, we acknowledge that the dissemination of scientific knowledge into practice requires publications in lay journals and textbooks with a wider audience. We have thus published and participated in several textbooks, encyclopedia entries as well as articles in vocational journals in Finnish. These have related to e.g. our analyses of the health consequences of a significant reduction of alcohol taxes in 2004, the impact of increasing unemployment on mortality and reducing social inequalities in health. Our doctoral training also impacts on the wider society by training professionals with methodological, theoretical, analytical and practical skills for government funded research centres and the public and private sectors outside universities more generally. Ways to strengthen the societal impact of the RC’s research and doctoral training. The CPHS has a good track record of producing research and doctoral training with a societal relevance. Nevertheless the CPHS needs to develop a more systematic strategy for doing this. This can be done by better screening our own research for potential broader interest and applications, and subsequently packaging this research in a form that is accessible. The CPHS seeks to broaden its activities in partnerships in the policy area and train doctoral students who are working in different policy programs and interventions and have research collaboration with governmental research institutes.

4 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL (INCL. INTERSECTORAL) RESEARCH COLLABORATION AND RESEARCHER

MOBILITY (MAX. 4400 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

Description of the RC’s research collaborations and joint doctoral training activities and how the RC has promoted researcher mobility. Research collaboration – both national and international – and researcher mobility are key factors in maintaining and developing the quality of CPHS research and doctoral training. An indication of the quality and recognition of the CPHS research work is participation and acceptance in the international research community. The RC has a wide international research network and a large part of research is carried out and published in international collaborations with leading scholars. In the period 2005-2010 CPHS investigators have published with foreign academics from about 20 countries, working in more than 40 research groups, and collaborate with other Finnish universities and national research centres.

The most important long-term collaborative partnerships that have each led to several publications are: United Kingdom: University College London, Profs Marmot, Bartley, Hemingway and Kivimäki London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Prof Grundy London School of Economics, Prof Murphy University of Surrey, Prof Arber

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MRC Social and Public Health Unit, University of Glasgow, Profs Leyland and West

The Netherlands: Erasmus Medical Centre, Prof Mackenbach Free University of Amsterdam, Prof Boomsma University of Amsterdam, Prof Kunst University of Maastricht, Prof de Vries

Germany: University of Konstanz, Prof Renner University of Düsseldorf, Prof Siegrist

USA: University of Pennsylvania, Prof Elo Indiana University, Prof Rose Harvard School of Public Health, Prof Kawachi

Japan: University of Toyama, Profs Sekine and Kagamimori Osaka City University, Prof Yokoyama

Nordic countries: Stockholm University, Profs Lundberg, Vågerö and Jäntti Karolinska Institutet, Profs Rasmussen and Burström University of Oslo, Prof Elstad Oslo University College, Prof Dahl University of Copenhagen, Prof Sørensen Nordic School for Public Health, Prof Gissler

Finland: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Drs Koskinen, Mäkelä, Prättälä, Keskimäki and Uutela. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Dr Leino-Arjas National Research Institute of Legal Policy, Dr Kivivuori University of Turku, Prof Vahtera University of Eastern Finland, Prof Siiskonen

The members of CPHS have also been active long-term visitors in foreign universities (e.g. UCL, LSE, LSHTM, PENN, Stockholm) and the principal investigators have also hosted several international guest

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researchers and seminars. The principal investigators have supervised and examined several doctoral dissertations in foreign universities.

A further indication of the quality of the international collaboration is recognition of the CPHS research in the international research community. The CPHS investigators are and have been associate editors of major international (e.g. International Journal of Epidemiology, Journal of Epidemiology, Social Science & Medicine, European Journal of Public Health, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, BMC Public Health, Acta Sociologica) and national journals, international academic organisations or working groups, journal or grant reviewers (e.g. ERC, EU, ESF, Academy of Finland, and European national research councils and foundations). Prof Valkonen has received an honorary doctorate from the Stockholm University. RC’s strengths and challenges related to research collaboration and researcher mobility, and the actions planned for their development. Currently CPHS encompasses an active research network allowing for sharing of data sets, international comparisons and active mobility of researchers. The most active collaboration is within European countries, but active collaboration extends to the USA and two groups in Japan and several universities in Africa. This allows comparisons to different and non-westerns countries. A challenge is that currently there is less long-term research mobility to the University of Helsinki. In the future recruitment can take place using international calls. As a large part of research is conducted in international collaboration future integration of foreign researchers to the teams is not big a problem.

5 OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS (MAX. 4400 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

Description of the operational conditions in the RC’s research environment (e.g. research infrastructure, balance between research and teaching duties). The CPHS has a long experience of using various data sources that enable powerful designs to examine causes and consequences of population health and well-being. In particular, as part of the CPHS the ‘Population Research Unit’ (an umbrella organisation for those carrying out demographic research at the University of Helsinki) has the responsibility for the maintenance and development of individual-level register-based data sets designed for the analysis of different demographic and social phenomena. These data sets are internationally unique and well-known for their quality and coverage of the total Finnish population for up 60 years. The data are typically large samples of the total Finnish population covering between 100,000 and 1,400,000 individuals. The possibility to draw information from the extensive and reliable Finnish registers opens up unique opportunities to model dynamic processes without the problems caused by attrition, measurement errors and small sample sizes. These data link individual level census records on socio-demographic characteristics with outcome data from other registers including causes of death, hospital discharge diagnoses, medication, pensions, and police data on crime and victimisation. Different prospective population based studies and intervention studies have also been collected in collaboration with other research institutes. This is an excellent choice for expensive multidisciplinary studies and this collaboration has created possibilities to carry out large population based studies that are unique at the international level and strengthen the opportunities for high quality research and publication.

In the CPHS there are currently five senior scientists who have tenured positions at the University of Helsinki, 11 post-doctoral researchers (five with their own competitive funding and six working in research projects led by one of the senior scientists) and 26 PhD students supervised by one of the senior scientists or the post-docs. Funding for the PhD students is from either through studentships

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from the doctoral programme, an externally funded research project or a research foundation. The CPHS teams are key research groups in their departments. The departments are the most productive in their fields in Finland and belong to the top in Europe. The University of Helsinki is the only university in Finland that has a systematic teaching curriculum in demography.

Senior researchers and increasingly post-docs and PhD students are involved in graduate teaching. The PHLC doctoral programme and the research groups can rely on personnel and financial administration, computing and library services from the University of Helsinki. Office space is also maintained and managed by the University of Helsinki. RC’s strengths and challenges related to operational conditions, and the actions planned for their development. Demands for graduate teaching and university administration are ever increasing. Although graduate students are a natural recruitment ground for the doctoral programme and research projects, it is increasingly difficult for senior academics to have time for own research or to properly direct and develop their research groups. With decreasing opportunities for sabbaticals this is a potential challange for the maintenance of the scientific leadership within the RC.

6 LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN THE RESEARCHER COMMUNITY (MAX. 4400 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

Description of the execution and processes of leadership in the RC, how the management-related responsibilities and roles are distributed in the RC and how the leadership- and management-related processes support high quality research, collaboration between principal investigators and other researchers in the RC, the RC’s research focus and strengthening of the RC’s know-how. The overall management structure of the CPHS is effective, light and versatile. The doctoral programme PHLC management consists of a steering group; Prof Martikainen, Prof Lahelma, Prof Rahkonen, Prof Haukkala and MSc Hanna Konttinen, a PhD student and a co-ordinator of the programme. The steering group’s tasks are to: (1) recruit and select new PhD students for the programme, (2) maintain and develop the curriculum for the doctoral programme, (3) supervise students in collaboration with a pool of senior scientists working within and outside the affiliated departments, (4) apply funding for the school in the broader context of the National Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences (SOVAKO). One of the main functions of the doctoral programme is its Monday seminar at least twice a month. In addition to the scientific presentations, time is reserved in the seminar for the students and the senior academics to suggest new training needs (e.g. new methodological courses) and inform about the running of the school and other scientific matters (e.g. upcoming conferences). A similar function is performed by the CPHS website and e-mail list.

While the management of the doctoral programme PHLC is centralized, management of all research tasks within the RC is devolved to the principal investigators and individual research groups. Within the research groups the principal investigator is responsible for scientific and administrative leadership of each group. Long-term research collaboration between groups is extensive in terms of common research interests and publications, sharing of staff and co-ordination of research funds. Many of the PhD students of the doctoral programme are key personnel of these externally-funded research groups or have studentships from the graduate school. Thus, a close link between research and doctoral training is maintained. The doctoral programme steering group and the post-graduate seminar are also informal bodies for the development and maintenance of methodological courses that are important for the research groups also at the post-doctoral level.

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RC’s strengths and challenges related to leadership and management, and the actions planned for developing the processes. The overall management structure of the RC is light and transparent and it has worked well in practice. This guarantees that decisions on the day to day running of the CPHS can be done efficiently. This has been particularly beneficial for the versatile running of the doctoral programme. A challenge is to more carefully co-ordinate research work in the CPHS as this has up to now been done on a more or less ad hoc basis.

The relatively small size of the PHLC doctoral programme has been an advantage. Networking and collaboration between PhD students and supervisors as well as between peer students has been active and easy to organise. A challenge is the rising number of doctoral students if financial and supervisor resources remain at the current level.

7 EXTERNAL COMPETITIVE FUNDING OF THE RC

Listing of the RCs external competitive funding, where: - the funding decisions have been made during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010, and - the administrator of the funding is/has been the University of Helsinki

Academy of Finland (AF) - total amount of funding (in euros) AF has decided to allocate to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010: 4120000

Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES) - total amount of funding (in euros) TEKES has decided to allocate to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010: 110000

European Union (EU) - total amount of funding (in euros) EU has decided to allocate to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010: 260000

European Research Council (ERC) - total amount of funding (in euros) ERC has decided to allocate to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010:

International and national foundations – names of international and national foundations which have decided to allocate funding to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010, and the amount of their funding (in euros). - names of the foundations: Juho Vainio Foundation - Finnish Cultural Foundation - Gyllenberg Foundation - Aaltonen Foundation - Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation - Finnish Work Environ. Fund - Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation - total amount of funding (in euros) from the above-mentioned foundations: 680000

Other international funding - names of other international funding organizations which have decided to allocate funding to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010, and the amount of their funding (in euros).

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- names of the funding organizations: PARC Pilot Project - ACP Science and Technology Programme - total amount of funding (in euros) from the above-mentioned funding organizations: 110000

Other national funding (incl. EVO funding and Ministry of Education and Culture funded doctoral programme positions) - names of other national funding organizations which have decided to allocate funding to the RC members during 1.1.2005-31.12.2010, and the amount of their funding (in euros). - names of the funding organizations: Ministry of Health and Social Affairs - Ministry of Education - Ministry for Foreign Affairs - Graduate Programmes - Individual grants ('apuraha')from foundations (euro 400000) - total amount of funding (in euros) from the above-mentioned funding organizations: 1560000

8 RC’S STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR 2011–2013 (MAX. 4400 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES)

Description of the RC’s future perspectives in respect to research and doctoral training. So far the CPHS has created a successful research line and thus there is no need for radical changes. Maintaining the current position at the front of research on health and well-being, social epidemiology and population studies, and sustaining the continuous flow of research publications in high level international journals, new PhD theses and external funding is a challenge, but the principal investigators of the groups have all possibilities to do it. This needs continuous follow-up of the latest development both in research topics and statistical methods as well as new collection of data sets that allow answering novel research questions.

The number of new doctoral dissertations produced in the CPHS is good already. A challenge for our doctoral programme PHLC is to safeguard adequate supervision. The number of doctoral students is increasing whereas resources of supervision are limited. More foreign students will be recruited. This indicates that also more supervisors are needed and these will be recruited from post docs. It is increasingly important to guarantee that new doctors have opportunities to continue their research at the post doctoral level. The most talented of doctors need opportunities to become independent principal investigators with own research agendas and research groups. This has been successful so far. However, opportunities for external funding is always limited in Finland and funding success is increasingly needed at the international level, especially in applying EU funding. Active international research networks established by the CPHS offer excellent opportunities for achieving this.

During the years 2011-2013 the CPHS plans to maintain and further improve its current publishing activity, i.e., about 80 research articles in peer review international scientific journals per year. We plan to increase the number of post doctoral researchers working within the CPHS and at least two of them should reach principal investigator status during this period. The CPHS will participate in all grant calls of the Academy of Finland and also apply EU funding. Grants from major Finnish foundations will also be applied especially to fund doctoral students.

The CPHS has a good track record of producing research and doctoral training with a societal relevance. European health and welfare policies have been based on population health research. There are many success stories in the prevention of major diseases, improving the overall level of health and lengthening the life expectancy from generation to generation. Current major challenges for health and

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well-being are related to the unequal distributions of health, increasing obesity and alcohol use, and increasing disparities in living conditions. These are research areas that the CPHS continues to contribute to. In 2011-2013 the CPHS will develop a strategy for screening our own research for potential broader policy interest and subsequently formulate this research in a form that is accessible to the general policy audience. The CPHS will broaden its activities in partnerships with governmental research institutes.

The CPHS has a strong tradition of work with social determinants of health and well-being. We aim to maintain this focus in the future but also strive to strengthen other existing areas of research (such as fertility and family demography, research on living conditions and global population issues). We will also work with new initiatives, such as collaboration in research on (1) offending and victimisation with the National Research Institute of Legal Policy and (2) quantitative sociological analyses of social stratification, social mobility and intergenerational transmission of social disadvantage. Both research traditions have moved beyond their roots to incorporate insights from various other disciplines. The national register-based data sets at our disposal with several decades of follow-up of the Finnish population (and nested in families) and the use of demographic analytical techniques makes investment in these new initiatives promising. Broadening our research base is particularly important nationally, as the University of Helsinki is the only university in Finland that has a systematic teaching curriculum in demography.

9 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF HOW THE RC MEMBERS HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE COMPILATION OF THE STAGE 2 MATERIALS (MAX. 1100 CHARACTERS WITH SPACES). Material for stage 2 was compiled in the following way: 1. All members of the CPHS provided information for their personal TUHAT database in January and February.

2. With the help of the principal investigators the responsible person of the CPHS (Prof Martikainen) compiled the first version of the material for the evaluation form. This material was commented upon by the principal investigators and revised by Prof Martikainen.

3. After the revision the material was made available for comments after mid-February for all RC members and these comments were incorporated in the last week of February.

4. All members of the RC were enquired about external funding separately in early February and these data were compiled for the evaluation form.

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC TUHAT COMPILATIONS OF PUBLICATIONS DATA 2005-2010

CPHS/Martikainen

1 Analysis of publications

- Associated person is one of Pekka Martikainen , Ari Haukkala , Eero Lahelma , Ossi Rahkonen , Karri Silventoinen , Tapani Valkonen , Akseli Aittomäki , Elina Einiö , Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Marika Jalovaara , Kaisla Joutsenniemi , Mikko Laaksonen , Elina Laaksonen , Tea Lallukka , Netta Mäki , Peppiina Saastamoinen , Riikka Shemeikka , Mikko Ensio Aaltonen, Peija Haaramo , Marja Ilona Kinnunen, Olli Kiviruusu, Hanna Konttinen , Jouni Markku Mikael Lahti , Venla Laitala , Taina Leinonen , Peppi Lyytikäinen , Niina Metsä-Simola , Heta Moustgaard , Elina Mäenpää , Tiina Jessica Nisén, Marjaana Pennanen , Kustaa Piha , Petteri Raito, Hanna Remes , Eira Roos , Aino Emilia Salonsalmi , Tina Seiluri , Petteri Sipilä ,

Publication year

Total Count 2005 - Publication type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010

A1 Refereed journal article 37 39 48 59 42 42 267

A2 Review in scientific journal 1 2 3

A3 Contribution to book/other compilations (refereed) 9 8 7 3 9 3 39

B1 Unrefereed journal article 4 8 4 6 3 4 29

B2 Contribution to book/other compilations (non-refereed) 3 1 4 1 2 11

C1 Published scientific monograph 1 1 1 3

C2 Edited book, compilation, conference proceeding or special issue of 3 1 4 journal

D1 Article in professional journal 2 2

D4 Published development or research report 1 1

D5 Text book or professional handbook or guidebook or dictionary 1 1

E1 Popular article, newspaper article 2 1 2 2 2 2 11

E1 Popular contribution to book/other compilations 1 1 2

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CPHS/Martikainen

2 Listing of publications

A1 Refereed journal article

2005 Aittomäki, A, Lahelma, E, Roos, E, Leino-Arjas, P, Martikainen, P 2005, 'Gender differences in the association of age with physical workload and functioning', Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 62, no. 2, pp. 95-100. Avedano, M, Kunst, AE, Lenthe, FV, Bos, V, Costa, G, Valkonen, T, Cardano, M, Harding, S, Borgan, J, Glickman, M, Reid, A, Mackenbach, JP 2005, 'Trends in socioeconomic disparities in stroke mortality in six European countries between 1981-1985 and 1991- 1995', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol 161, no. 1, pp. 52-61. Borrell, C, Placencia, A, Huisman, M, Costa, G, Kunst, AE, Andersen, O, Bopp, M, Borgan, J, Deboosere, P, Glickman, M, Gadeyne, S, Minder, C, Regidor, E, Spadea, T, Valkonen, T, Mackenbach, JP 2005, 'Education level inequalities and transportation injury mortality in the middle aged and elderly in European settings', Injury Prevention, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 138-142. Dalstra, JAA, Kunst, AE, Borrell, C, Breeze, E, Cambois, E, Costa, G, Geurts, JJM, Lahelma, E, Van Oyen, H, Rasmussen, NK, Regidor, E, Spadea, T, Mackenbach, JP 2005, 'Socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of common chronic diseases: an overview of eight European countries', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 34, no. 2, pp. 316-326. Ferrie, JE, Martikainen, P, Shipley, MJ, Marmot, MG 2005, 'Self-reported economic difficulties and coronary events in men: evidence from the Whitehall II study', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 34, no. 3, pp. 640-648. Giskes, K, Kunst, AE, Benach, J, Borrell, C, Costa, G, Dahl, E, Dalstra, JAA, Federico, B, Helmert, U, Judge, K, Lahelma, E, Moussa, K, Östergren, P, Platt, S, Prättälä, R, Rasmussen, NK, Mackenbach, JP 2005, 'Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 59, no. 5, pp. 395-401. Hu, G, Sarti, C, Jousilahti, P, Silventoinen, K, Barengo, NC, Tuomilehto, J 2005, 'Leisure time, occupational, and commuting physical activity and the risk of stroke', Stroke, vol 36, no. 9, pp. 1994-1999. Hu, G, Tuomilehto, J, Silventoinen, K, Barengo, NC, Peltonen, M, Jousilahti, P 2005, 'The effects of physical activity and body mass index on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among 47,212 middle-aged Finnish men and women', International Journal of Obesity, vol 29, no. 8, pp. 894-902. Huisman, M, Kunst, AE, Bopp, M, Borgan, J, Borrell, C, Costa, G, Deboosere, P, Gadeyne, S, Glickman, M, Marinacci, C, Minder, C, Regidor, E, Valkonen, T, Mackenbach, JP 2005, 'Educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality middle-aged and older men and women in eight Western European populations', Lancet, vol 365, no. 9458, pp. 493-500. Huurre, T, Rahkonen, O, Komulainen, E, Aro, H 2005, 'Socioeconomic status as a cause and consequence of psychomatic symptoms from adolescence to adulthood', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol 40, no. 7, pp. 580-587. Kunst, AE, Bos, V, Lahelma, E, Bartley, M, Lissau, I, Regidor, E, Mielck, A, Cardano, M, Dalstra, JAA, Geurts, JJM, Helmert, U, Lennartsson, C, Ramm, J, Spadea, T, Stronegger, WJ, Mackenbach, JP 2005, 'Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health in 10 European countries', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 34, no. 2, pp. 295-305. Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Socioeconomic position and self-rated health: the contribution of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material resources', American journal of public health, vol 95, no. 8, pp. 1403-1409. Laaksonen, M, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Leino-Arjas, P, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Body weight and health status: importance of socioeconomic position and working conditions', Obesity, vol 13, no. 12, pp. 2169-2177. Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Karvonen, S, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Socioeconomic status and smoking: analysing inequalities with multiple indicators', European Journal of Public Health, vol 15, no. 3, pp. 262-269. Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Multiple dimensions of socioeconomic position and health: The contribution of childhood socioeconomic environment, adult socioeconomic status and material resources', American journal of public health, no. 95, pp. 1403-1409. Laaksonen, M, Roos, E, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Influence of material and behavioural factors on occupational class differences in health', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 59, no. 2, pp. 163-169. Lahelma, E, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Roos, E, Saastamoinen, P 2005, 'Occupational class inequalities across key domains of health: results from the Helsinki Health Study', European Journal of Public Health, vol 15, no. 5, pp. 504-510. Lallukka, T, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Psychosocial working conditions and weight gain among employees', International Journal of Obesity, vol 29, no. 8, pp. 909-915. Lenthe, FJV, Borell, LN, Costa, G, Diez Roux, AV, Kauppinen, TM, Marinacci, C, Martikainen, P, Regidor, E, Stafford, M, Valkonen, T 2005, 'Neighbourhood unemployment and all cause mortality: a comparison of six countries', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 59, no. 3, pp. 231-237. 2

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CPHS/Martikainen

Mackenbach, JP, Martikainen, P, Looman, CW, Dalstra, JA, Kunst, AE, Lahelma, E, SEdHA working grp 2005, 'The shape of the relationship between income and self-assessed health: an international study', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 34, no. 2, pp. 286-293. Martikainen, P, Martikainen, T, Wass, H 2005, 'The effect of socioeconomic factors on voter turnout in Finland: a register-based study of 2.9 milion voters', European Journal of Political Research, vol 44, no. 5, pp. 645-670. Martikainen, P, Martelin, T, Nihtilä, E, Majamaa, K, Koskinen, S 2005, 'Differences in mortality by marital status in Finland from 1976 to 2000: analyses of changes in marital-status distributions, socio-demographic and household composition, and cause of death', Population Studies, vol 59, no. 1, pp. 99-115. Martikainen, P, Martelin, T, Einiö, E, Majamaa, K, Koskinen, S 2005, 'Differences in mortality by marital status in Finland from 1976 to 2000; Analyses of changes in mortality-status distribution, socio-demographic and household composition, and cause of death', Population Studies, vol 2005 / 59, no. 1, pp. 99-115. Mäkelä, P, Martikainen, P, Nihtilä, E 2005, 'Temporal variation in deaths related to alcohol intoxication and drinking', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 34, no. 4, pp. 765-771. Rahkonen, O, Laaksonen, M, Karvonen, S 2005, 'The contribution of lone parenthood and economic difficulties to smoking', Social Science & Medicine, vol 61, no. 1, pp. 211-216. Raulio, S, Roos, E, Rahkonen, O, Prättälä, R 2005, 'Twenty-year trends of workplace lunches in Finland', Food service technology, vol 5, pp. 57-66. Roos, E, Lahelma, E, Saastamoinen, P, Elstad, JI 2005, 'The association of employment status and family status with health among women and men in four Nordic countries', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 33, no. 4, pp. 250-260. Roos, E, Burström, B, Saastamoinen, P, Lahelma, E 2005, 'A comparative study of the patterning of women's health by family status and employment status in Finland and Sweden', Social Science & Medicine, vol 60, no. 11, pp. 2443-2451. Saastamoinen, P, Leino-Arjas, P, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Socio-economic differences in the prevalence of acute, chronic and disabling chronic pain among ageing employees', Pain : the journal of the International association for the study of pain, vol 114, no. 3, pp. 364-371. Shemeikka, R, Notkola, V, Siiskonen, H 2005, 'Fertility decline in North-Central Namibia: an assessment of fertility in the period 1960- 2000 based on parish registers', Demographic Research, vol 13, no. article 4, 83-116 s. Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J 2005, 'Geenit, ympäristö ja älykkyys', Duodecim, vol 121, no. 2, pp. 125-126. Silventoinen, K, Pankow, J, Lindström, J, Jousilahti, P, Hu, G, Tuomilehto, J 2005, 'The validity of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for the prediction of the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke, and total mortality', European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, vol 12, no. 5, pp. 451-458. Silventoinen, K, Pankow, J, Jousilahti, P, Hu, G, Tuomilehto, J 2005, 'Educational inequalities in the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease among middle-aged men and women', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 34, no. 2, pp. 327-334. Sipilä, P, Martikainen, P 2005, 'Fyysisen ja psyykkisen terveyden väliset alue-erot ja niiden taustat pääkaupunkiseudulla', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 42, no. 3, pp. 202-218. Sulander, T, Helakorpi, S, Rahkonen, O, Nissinen, A, Uutela, A 2005, 'Eläkeikäisten elintapojen muutokset 1985-2003', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 60, no. 30-32, pp. 2983-2988. Sulander, T, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Nissinen, A, Uutela, A 2005, 'Associations of functional ability with health-related behavior and body mass index among the elderly', Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol 40, pp. 185-199. Tomassini, C, Kalagirou, S, Grundy, E, Martikainen, P, Gronou, MBV, Karisto, A 2005, 'Rencontres entre parents âgés et enfants: quelles différences en Europe?: Les exemples de la Finlande, de la France et de l’Italie', Retraite et société, no. 46, pp. 9-27.

2006 Avendano, M, Kunst, AE, Huisman, M, Lenthe, FV, Bopp, M, Regidor, E, Glickman, M, Costa, G, Spadea, T, Depoosere, P, Borrell, C, Valkonen, T, Gisser, R, Borgan, JK, Gadeyne, S, Mackenbach, JP 2006, 'Socioeconomic status and ishaemic heart disease mortality in 10 Western European population dusring the 1990s', Heart, vol 92, no. 4, pp. 461-467. Broms, U, Silventoinen, K, Madden, PAF, Heath, AC, Kaprio, J 2006, 'Genetic architecture of smoking behavior: A study of Finnish adult twins', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol 9, no. 1, pp. 64-72. Dalstra, JAA, Kunst, AE, Mackenbach, JP, Lahelma, E, EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health 2006, 'A comparative appraisal of the relationship of education, income and housing tenure with less than good health among the elderly in Europe', Social Science & Medicine, vol 62, no. 8, pp. 2046-2060. Elo, IT, Martikainen, P, Smith, KP 2006, 'Socioeconomic differentials in mortality in Finland and the United States: the role of education and income', European Journal of Population, vol 22, no. 2, pp. 179-203.

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Harkonmäki, K, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Silventoinen, K, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Associations of SF-36 mental health functioning and work and family related factors with intentions to retire early among employees', Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 63, no. 8, pp. 558-563. Harkonmäki, K, Lahelma, E, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Silventoinen, K 2006, 'Mental health functioning (SF-36) and intentions to retire early among ageing municipal employees: the Helsinki Health Study.', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 34, no. 2, pp. 190-198. Haukkala, A, Vartiainen, E, Vries, HD 2006, 'Progression of oral snuff use among Finnish 13-16-year-old students and its relation to smoking behaviour', Addiction, vol 101, no. 4, pp. 581-589. Head, J, Kivimäki, M, Martikainen, P, Vahtera, J, Ferrie, JE, Marmot, MG 2006, 'Influence of change in psychosocial work characteristics on sickness absence: the Whitehal lI study', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 60, no. 1, pp. 55-61. Helasoja, VV, Lahelma, E, Prättälä, RS, Patja, KM, Klumbiene, J, Pudule, I, Kasmel, A 2006, 'Determinants of daily smoking in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland in 1994-2002', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 34, no. 4, pp. 353-362. Helasoja, V, Lahelma, E, Prattala, R, Klumbiene, J, Pudule, I, Tekkel, M 2006, 'Trends in the magnitude of educational inequalities in health in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland during 1994-2004', Public Health, vol 120, no. 9, pp. 841-853. Helasoja, V, Lahelma, E, Prättälä, R, Kasmel, A, Klumbiene, J, Pudule, I 2006, 'The sociodemographic patterning of health in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland', European Journal of Public Health, vol 16, no. 1, pp. 8-20. Hemingway, H, McCallum, A, Shipley, M, Manderbacka, K, Martikainen, P, Keskimäki, I 2006, 'Incidence and prognostic implications of stabel angina pectoris among women and men', JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol 295, no. 12, pp. 1404-1411. Huurre, T, Aro, H, Rahkonen, O, Komulainen, E 2006, 'Health, lifestyle, family and school factors in adolescence: predicting adult educational level', Educational Research, vol 48, no. 1, pp. 41-53. Joutsenniemi, K, Martelin, T, Martikainen, P, Pirkola, S, Koskinen, S 2006, 'Living arrangements and mental health in Finland', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 60, no. 6, pp. 468-475. Joutsenniemi, K, Martelin, TP, Koskinen, SV, Martikainen, P, Härkänen, TT, Luoto, RM, Aromaa, AJ 2006, 'Official marital status, cohabiting, and self-rated helath-time trends in Finland 1978-2001', European Journal of Public Health, vol 16, no. 5, pp. 476-483. Kestilä, L, Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Pensola, T, Pirkola, S, Patja, K, Aromaa, A 2006, 'Influence of parental education, childhood adversities, and current living conditions on daily smoking in early adulthood', European Journal of Public Health, vol 16, no. 6, pp. 617-626. Kestilä, L, Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Pensola, T, Aro, H, Aromaa, A 2006, 'Determinants of health in early adulthood: what is the role of parental education, childhood adversities and own education?', European Journal of Public Health, vol 16, no. 3, pp. 306-315. Kinnunen, T, Haukkala, A, Korhonen, T, Quoles, ZN, Spiro, A, Garvey, AJ 2006, 'Depression and smoking across 25 years of the normative aging study', International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, vol 36, no. 4, pp. 413-426. Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Karvonen, S, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Smoking and SF-36 health functioning.', Preventive Medicine, vol 42, no. 3, pp. 206-209. Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Associations of psychosocial working conditions with self-rated general health and mental health among municipal employees.', International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol 79, no. 3, pp. 205-212. Lahelma, E, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S 2006, 'Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders', Social Science & Medicine, vol 63, no. 5, pp. 1383-1399. Lahelma, E 2006, 'Health inequalities: the need for explanation and intervention', European Journal of Public Health, vol 16, no. 4, pp. 339. Lee, D, Silventoinen, K, Hu, G, Jacobs, DR, Jousilahti, P, Sundvall, J, Tuomilehto, J 2006, 'Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease among 28 838 middle-aged men and women', European Heart Journal, vol 27, no. 18, pp. 2170-2176. Murphy, M, Martikainen, P, Pennec, S 2006, 'Demographic change and the supply of potential family supporters in Britain, Finland and France in the period 1911-2050: Changemeents demographiques et disponibilite des soutiens familiaux en Grande-Bretagne, Finlande et en France entre 1991et 2050', European Journal of Population, vol 20, no. 3, pp. 219-240. Mäkinen, T, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2006, 'Associations of childhood circumstances with physical and mental functioning in adulthood', Social Science & Medicine, vol 62, no. 8, pp. 1831-1839. Rahkonen, O, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Roos, E, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Job control, job demands, or social class?: The impact of working conditions on the relation between social class and health', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 60, no. 1, pp. 50-54.

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Roos, E, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2006, 'W ork-family conflicts and drinking behaviours among employed women and men', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol 83, no. 1, pp. 49-56. Saastamoinen, P, Leino-Arjas, P, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Pain and health related functioning among employees', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 60, no. 9, pp. 793-798. Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Lissau, I, Lahelma, E 2006, 'The social patterning of relative body weight and obesity in Denmark and Finland', European Journal of Public Health, vol 16, no. 1, pp. 36-40. Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Silventoinen, K, Lahti-Koski, M, Laatikainen, T, Jousilahti, P 2006, 'Socio-economic status and abdominal obesity among Finnish adults from 1992 to 2002', International Journal of Obesity, vol 30, no. 11, pp. 1653-1660. Sekine, M, Chandola, T, Martikainen, P, McGeoghegan, D, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S 2006, 'Explaining social inequalities in health by sleep: the Japanese civil servants study', Journal of Public Health, vol 28, no. 1, pp. 63-70. Sekine, M, Chandola, T, Martikainen, P, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S 2006, 'Work and family charasterics as determinants of socioeconomic and sex inequalities in sleep: the Japanese civil servants study', Sleep., vol 29, no. 2, pp. 206-216. Sekine, M, Chandola, T, Martikainen, P, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S 2006, 'Socioeconomic inequalities in physical and mental functioning of Japanese civil servants: explanations from work and family characterics', Social Science & Medicine, vol 63, no. 2, pp. 430-445. Silventoinen, K, Posthuma, D, van Beijsterveldt, T, Bartels, M, Boomsma, DI 2006, 'Genetic contributions to the association between height and intelligence: evidence from Dutch twin data from childhood to middle age', Genes, Brain and Behavior, vol 5, pp. 585-595. Silventoinen, K, Zdravkovic, S, Skytthe, A, McCarron, P, Herskind, AM, Koskenvuo, M, de Faire, U, Pedersen, N, Christensen, K, Kaprio, J 2006, 'Association between height and coronary heart disease mortality: A prospective study of 35,000 twin pairs', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol 163, pp. 615-621. Singh-Manoux, A, Martikainen, P, Ferrie, J, Zins, M, Marmot, M, Goldberg, M 2006, 'What does self rated health measure? Results from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel cohort studies', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 60, no. 4, pp. 364-372. Sulander, T, Martelin, T, Sainio, P, Rahkonen, O, Nissinen, A, Uutela, A 2006, 'Trends and educational disparities in functional capacity among people aged 65-84 years', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 35, no. 5, pp. 1255-1261. Virtanen, J, Berntsson, LT, Lahelma, E, Köhler, L 2006, 'Children's use of general practitioner services in the five Nordic countries', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 60, no. 2, pp. 162-167. Winter, T, Roos, E, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Work-family conflicts and self-rated health among middle-aged municipal employees in Finland.', International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol 13, no. 4, pp. 276-285.

2007 Aittomäki, A, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O, Leino-Arjas, P, Martikainen, P 2007, 'The contribution of musculoskeletal disorders and physical workload to socioeconomic inequalities in health', European Journal of Public Health, vol 17, no. 2, pp. 145-150. Aktan-Collan, K, Haukkala, A, Pylvänäinen, K, Järvinen, HJ, Aaltonen, LA, Peltomäki, P, Rantanen, E, Kääriäinen, H, Mecklin, J 2007, 'Direct contact in inviting high-risk members of hereditary colon cancer families to genetic counselling and DNA testing', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol 44, no. 11, pp. 732-738. Blomgren, J, Valkonen, T 2007, 'Characteristics of urban regions and all-cause mortality in working-age population: effects of social environment and interactions with individual unemployment', Demographic Research, vol 17, no. 5, pp. 109-135. Giskes, K, Kunst, AE, Ariza, C, Benach, J, Borrell, C, Helmert, U, Judge, K, Lahelma, E, Moussa, K, Östergren, P, Patja, K, Platt, S, Prättälä, R, Willemsen, MC, Mackenbach, JP 2007, 'Applying an equity lens to tobacco-control policies and their uptake in six Western- European countries', Journal of Public Health Policy, vol 28, no. 2, pp. 261-280. Helasoja, V, Lahelma, E, Prättälä, R, Petkeviciene, J, Pudule, I, Tekkel, M 2007, 'The sociodemographic patterning of drinking and binge drinking in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland, 1994-2002', BMC Public Health, vol 7, no. 241. Hemingway, H, McCallum, A, Shipley, M, Manderbacka, K, Martikainen, P, Keskimäki, I 2007, 'Large-scale clinical epidemiology of stable angina in women and men', Cardiology review., vol 24, no. 3, pp. 31-35. Herttua, K, Mäkelä, P, Martikainen, P 2007, 'Differential trends in alcohol-related mortality: a register-based follow-up study In Finland 1987-2003', Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol 42, no. 5, pp. 456-464. Hu, G, Tuomilehto, J, Silventoinen, K, Sarti, C, Männistö, S, Jousilahti, P 2007, 'Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio on the risk of total and type-specific stroke', Archives of Internal Medicine, vol 167, no. 13, pp. 1420-1427. Huurre, T, Eerola, M, Rahkonen, O, Aro, H 2007, 'Does social support affect the relationship between socioeconomic status and depression?: a longitudinal study from adolescent until adulthood', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol 100, no. 1-3, pp. 55-64. Idris, BI, Giskes, K, Borrell, C, Benach, J, Costa, G, Federico, B, Helakorpi, S, Helmert, U, Lahelma, E, Moussa, KM, Östergren, P, Prättälä, R, Rasmussen, NK, Mackenbach, JP, Kunst, AE 2007, 'Higher smoking prevalence in urban compared to non-urban areas: Time trends in six, European countries', Health & Place, vol 13, no. 3, pp. 702-712.

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CPHS/Martikainen

Joutsenniemi, K, Martelin, T, Kestila, L, Martikainen, P, Pirkola, S, Koskinen, S 2007, 'Living arrangements, heavy drinking and alcohol dependence', Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol 42, pp. 480-491. Keskitalo, K, Tuorila, H, Spector, TD, Cherkas, LF, Knaapila, A, Silventoinen, K, Perola, M 2007, 'Same genetic components underlie different measures of sweet taste preference', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 86, no. 6, pp. 1663-1669. Kiviruusu, O, Huurre, T, Aro, H 2007, 'Psychosocial resources and depression among chronically ill young adults: are males more vulnerable?', Social Science & Medicine, vol 65, no. 2, pp. 173-186. Knaapila, A, Tuorila, H, Silventoinen, K, Keskitalo, K, Kallela, M, Wessman, M, Peltonen, L, Cherkas, LF, Spector, TD, Perola, M 2007, 'Food neophobia shows heritable variation in humans', Physiology & Behavior, vol 91, no. 5, pp. 573-578. Koskinen, S, Joutsenniemi, K, Martelin, T, Martikainen, P 2007, 'Mortality differences according to living arrangements', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 36, no. 6, pp. 1255-1264. Laaksonen, M, Piha, K, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S 2007, 'Relative weight and sickness absence', Obesity, vol 15, no. 2, pp. 465-472. Laaksonen, M, Silventoinen, K, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Pitkäniemi, J, Lahelma, E 2007, 'The effects of childhood circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material circumstances on physical and mental functioning: a structural equation modelling approach.', Annals of Epidemiology, vol 17, no. 6, pp. 431-439. Laaksonen, E, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E, Lallukka, T, Rahkonen, O, Head, J, Marmot, M 2007, 'Socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders among Finnish and British public sector employees: evidence from the Helsinki Health Study and the Whitehall II Study', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 36, no. 4, pp. 776-786. Lallukka, T, Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Roos, E, Lahelma, E 2007, 'Multiple socio-economic circumstances and healthy food habits', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 61, no. 6, pp. 701-710. Lenthe, FJV, Martikainen, P, Mackenbach, JP 2007, 'Neighbourhood inequalities in health and health-related behaviour: results of selective migration?', Health & Place, vol 13, no. 1, pp. 123-137. Martikainen, P, Laaksonen, M, Piha, K, Lallukka, T 2007, 'Does survey non-response bias the association between occupational social class and health?', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 35, no. 2, pp. 212-215. Martikainen, P, Mäki, N, Jäntti, M 2007, 'The effects of unemployment on mortality following workplace downsizing and workplace closure: a register-biased follow-up study of Finnish men and women during economic boom and recession', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol 165, no. 9, pp. 1070-1075. Martikainen, P, Blomgren, J, Valkonen, T 2007, 'Change in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality: analyses of all Finnish men and women in the period 1971-2000', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 61, no. 6, pp. 499-505. Menvielle, G, Kunst, AE, Stirbu, I, Borrell, C, Bopp, M, Regidor, E, Strand, BH, Deboseere, P, Lundberg, O, Leclerc, A, Costa, G, Chastang, J, Esnaola, S, Martikainen, P, Mackenbach, JP 2007, 'Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol related cancer mortality among men: to what extent do they differ between Western European populations?', International Journal of Cancer, vol 121, no. 3, pp. 649- 655. Mäki, N, Martikainen, P 2007, 'Socioeconomic differences in suicide mortality by sex in Finland in 1971-2000: a register-based study of trends, levels, and life expectancy differences', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 35, no. 4, pp. 387-395. Nihtilä, E, Martikainen, P 2007, 'Household income and other socio-economic determinants of long-term institutional care among older adults in Finland', Population Studies, vol 61, no. 3, pp. 299-314. Perola, M, Sammalisto, S, Hiekkalinna, T, Martin, NG, Visscher, PM, Montgomery, GW, Benyamin, B, Harris, JR, Boomsma, DI, Willemsen, G, Hottenga, J, Christensen, K, Kyvik, KO, Sørensen, TIA, Pedersen, NL, Magnusson, PKE, Spector, TD, Widen, E, Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J, Palotie, A, Peltonen, L, GenomEUtwin Project 2007, 'Combined genome scans for body stature in 6,602 European twins: evidence for common Caucasian loci', PLoS Genetics, vol 3, no. 6. Piha, K, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Roos, E, Lahelma, E 2007, 'Trends in socioeconomic differences in sickness absence among Finnish municipal employees 1990-99.', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 35, no. 4, pp. 348-355. Pilav, A, Nissinen, A, Haukkala, A, Niksik, D, Laatikainen, T 2007, 'Cardiovascular risk factors in the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina', European Journal of Public Health, vol 17, no. 1, pp. 75-79. Raevuori, A, Dick, DM, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Pulkkinen, L, Rose, RJ, Rissanen, A, Kaprio, J, Viken, RJ, Silventoinen, K 2007, 'Genetic and environmental factors affecting self-esteem from age 14 to 17: a longitudinal study of Finnish twins', Psychological Medicine, vol 37, pp. 1625-1633. Roos, E, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Lallukka, T, Lahelma, E 2007, 'Associations of work-family conflicts with food habits and physical activity', Public Health Nutrition, vol 10, no. 3, pp. 222-229. Saarni, SE, Silventoinen, K, Rissanen, A, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Kaprio, J 2007, 'Recurrent dieting and smoking among Finnish men and women', Obesity, vol 15, no. 7, pp. 1851-1859. Salonsalmi, A, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2007, 'Alkoholin käyttötavat ja sairauspoissaolot', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 62, no. 14-15, pp. 1485-1491. 6

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Silventoinen, K, Bartels, M, Posthuma, D, Estourgie-van Burk, GF, Willemsen, G, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Boomsma, DI 2007, 'Genetic regulation of growth in height and weight from 3 to 12 years of age: a longitudinal study of Dutch twin children', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 354-363. Silventoinen, K, Pietiläinen, KH, Tynelius, P, Sørensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Rasmussen, F 2007, 'Genetic and environmental factors in relative weight from birth to age 18: the Swedish young male twins study', International Journal of Obesity, vol 31, no. 4, pp. 615-621. Silventoinen, K, Posthuma, D, Lahelma, E, Rose, RJ, Kaprio, J 2007, 'Genetic and environmental factors affecting self-rated health from age 16-25: A longitudinal study of Finnish twins', Behavior Genetics, vol 37, no. 2, pp. 326-333. Silventoinen, K, Bartels, M, Posthuma, D, Burk, GFE, Willemsen, G, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Boomsma, DI 2007, 'Genetic regulation of growth in height and weight from 3 to 12 years of age: A longitudinal study of Dutch twin children', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 354-363. Silventoinen, K, Modig-Wennerstad, K, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F 2007, 'Association between intelligence and coronary heart disease mortality: a population-based cohort study of 682361 Swedish men', European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, vol 14, no. 4, pp. 555-560. Singh-Manoux, A, Dugravot, A, Shipley, MJ, Ferrie, JE, Martikainen, P, Goldberg, M, Zins, M 2007, 'The association between self-rated health and mortality in different socioeconomic groups in the GAZEL cohort study', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 36, no. 6, pp. 1222-1228. Singh-Manoux, A, Gueguen, A, Martikainen, P, Ferrie, J, Marmot, M, Shipley, M 2007, 'Self-rated health and mortality: Short and long- term associations in the W hitehall II study', Psychosomatic Medicine, vol 69, no. 2, pp. 138-143. Strand, BH, Kunst, A, Huisman, M, Menvielle, G, Glickman, M, Bopp, M, Borell, C, Borgan, JK, Costa, G, Deboosere, P, Regidor, E, Valkonen, T, Mackenbach, JP, EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health 2007, 'The reversed social gradient: higher breast cancer mortality in the higher educated compared to lower educated : a comparison of 11 European populations during the 1990s', European Journal of Cancer, vol 43, no. 7, pp. 1200-1207. Sulander, T, Rahkonen, O, Nissinen, A, Uutela, A 2007, 'Association of smoking status with obesity and diabetes among elderly people', Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol 45, no. 2, pp. 159-167. Turtiainen, P, Karvonen, S, Rahkonen, O 2007, 'All in the family?: the structure and meaning of family life among young people', Journal of youth studies, vol 10, no. 4, pp. 477-493. Valkonen, T, Martikainen, P, Remes, H 2007, 'Sosiaaliryhmien väliset elinajanodote-erot ovat pysyneet suurina 2000-luvulla', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 62, no. 42, pp. 3891-3896. Vartiainen, E, Pennanen, M, Haukkala, A, Dijk, F, Lehtovuori, R, Vries, HD 2007, 'The effects of a three-year smoking prevention programme in secondary schools in Helsinki', European Journal of Public Health, vol 17, no. 3, pp. 249-256. Vazquez, G, Duval, S, Jacobs, DR, Silventoinen, K 2007, 'Comparison of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio in predicting incident diabetes: A meta-analysis', Epidemiologic Reviews, vol 29, pp. 115-128. Virtanen, J, Berntsson, LT, Lahelma, E, Köhler, L, Murtomaa, H 2007, 'Children's use of dental services in the five Nordic countries', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 61, no. 12, pp. 1080-1085. Volanen, S, Suominen, S, Lahelma, E, Koskenvuo, M, Silventoinen, K 2007, 'Negative life events and stability of sense of coherence: A five-year follow-up study of Finnish women and men', Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol 48, no. 5, pp. 433-441.

2008 Aittomäki, A, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O, Leino-Arjas, P, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Job decision latitude as a potential modifier of the contribution of physical workload to poor functioning in middle-aged employees', International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol 81, no. 8, pp. 975-982. Bidel, S, Silventoinen, K, Hu, G, Lee, D, Kaprio, J, Tuomilehto, J 2008, 'Coffee consumption, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and risk of type II diabetes', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 62, no. 2, pp. 178-185. Blomgren, J, Martikainen, P, Martelin, T, Koskinen, S 2008, 'Determinants of home-based formal help in community-dwelling older people in Finland', European Journal of Ageing, vol 5, no. 4, pp. 335-347. Brunner, EJ, Mosdøl, A, Witte, DR, Martikainen, P, Stafford, M, Shipley, MJ, Marmot, MG 2008, 'Dietary patterns and 15-y risks of major coronary events, diabetes, and mortality', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 87, no. 5, pp. 1414-1421. Espelt, A, Borell, C, Roskam, AJ, Rodriguez-Sanz, M, Stirbu, I, Dalmau-Bueno, A, Regidor, E, Bopp, M, Martikainen, P, Leinsalu, M, Artnik, B, Rychtarikova, J, Kalediene, R, Dzurova, D, Mackenbach, J, Kunst, AE 2008, 'Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes mellitus across Europe at the beginning of the 21st century', Diabetologia, vol 51, no. 11, pp. 1971-1979. Ezendam, NPM, Stirbu, I, Leinsalu, M, Lundberg, O, Kalediene, R, Wojtyniak, B, Martikainen, P, Mackenbach, J, Kunst, A 2008, 'Educational inequalities in cancer mortality differ greatly between countries around the Baltic Sea', European Journal of Cancer, vol 44, no. 3, pp. 454-464.

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Felson, R, Savolainen, J, Aaltonen, ME, Moustgaard, H 2008, 'Is the association between alcohol use and delinquency causal or spurious?', Criminology, vol 46, no. 3, pp. 785-808. Harkonmaki, K, Silventoinen, K, Levalahti, E, Pitkaniemi, J, Huunan-Seppala, A, Klaukka, T, Koskenvuo, M, Kaprio, J 2008, 'The Genetic Liability to Disability Retirement: A 30-Year Follow-Up Study of 24,000 Finnish Twins', PLoS One, vol 10, no. e3402, pp. e3402. Herttua, KJK, Mäkelä, P, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Changes in alcohol-related mortality and its socioeconomic differences after a large reduction in the price of alcohol: a natural experiment based on register data', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol 168, pp. 1110- 8. Herttua, K, Mäkelä, P, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Changes in alcohol-related mortality and its socioeconomic differences after a large reduction in alcohol prices: a natural experiment based on register data', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol 168, no. 10, pp. 1110-1118. Herttua, K, Mäkelä, P, Martikainen, P, Sirén, R 2008, 'The impact of a large reduction in the price of alcohol on area differences in interpersonal violence: a natural experiment based on aggregate data', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 62, no. 11, pp. 995-1001. Hjelmborg, JVB, Fagnani, C, Silventoinen, K, McGue, M, Korkeila, M, Christensen, K, Rissanen, A, Kaprio, J 2008, 'Genetic influences on growth traits of BMI: A longitudinal study of adult twins', Obesity, vol 16, no. 4, pp. 847-852. Hur, Y, Kaprio, J, Iacono, WG, Boomsma, DI, McGgue, M, Silventoinen, K, Martin, NG, Luciano, M, Visscher, PM, Rose, RJ, He, M, Ando, J, Ooki, S, Nonaka, K, Lin, CCH, Lajunen, HR, Cornes, BK, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Cherny, SS, Mitchell, K 2008, 'Genetic influences on the difference in variability of height, weight and body mass index between Caucasian and East Asian adolescent twins', International Journal of Obesity, vol 32, no. 10, pp. 1455-1467. Häkkinen, U, Martikainen, P, Noro, A, Nihtilä, E, Peltola, M 2008, 'Aging, health expenditure, proximity to death, and income in Finland', Health economics, policy, and law., vol 3, no. 2, pp. 165-195. Impinen, A, Rahkonen, O, Ojaniemi, K, Lillsunde, P, Lahelma, E, Ostamo, A 2008, 'Rattijuoppo on yhä useammin 18-vuotias', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 63, no. 24, pp. 2221-2226. Karvonen, S, Sipilä, P, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Laaksonen, M 2008, 'Smoking in context: a multilevel approach to smoking among females in Helsinki', BMC Public Health, vol 8, no. 134. Keskitalo, K, Silventoinen, K, Tuorila, H, Perola, M, Pietiläinen, KH, Rissanen, A, Kaprio, J 2008, 'Genetic and environmental contributions to food use patterns of young adult twins', Physiology & Behavior, vol 93, no. 1-2, pp. 235-242. Keskitalo, K, Tuorila, H, Spector, TD, Cherkas, LF, Knaapila, A, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Perola, M 2008, 'The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, body mass index, and responses to sweet and salty fatty foods: a twin study of genetic and environmental associations', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 88, no. 2, pp. 263-271. Kestilä, L, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Joutsenniemi, K, Pirkola, S, Poikolainen, K, Koskinen, S 2008, 'Childhood and current determinants of heavy drinking in early adulthood', Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol 43, no. 4, pp. 460-469. Knaapila, A, Tuorila, H, Silventoinen, K, Wright, MJ, Kyvik, KO, Cherkas, LF, Keskitalo, K, Hansen, J, Martin, NG, Spector, TD, Kaprio, J, Perola, M 2008, 'Genetic and environmental contributions to perceived intensity and pleasantness of androstenone odor: an international twin study', Chemosensory perception., vol 1, no. 1, pp. 34-42. Knaapila, A, Tuorila, H, Kyvik, KO, Wright, MJ, Keskitalo, K, Hansen, J, Kaprio, J, Perola, M, Silventoinen, K 2008, 'Self-ratings of olfactory function reflect odor annoyance rather than olfactory acuity', Laryngoscope, vol 118, no. 12, pp. 2212-2217. Knaapila, A, Tuorila, H, Silventoinen, K, Wright, MJ, Kyvik, KO, Keskitalo, K, Hansen, J, Kaprio, J, Perola, M 2008, 'Environmental effects exceed genetic effects on perceived intensity and pleasantness of several odors: a three-population twin study', Behavior Genetics, vol 38, no. 5, pp. 484-492. Kohler, IV, Martikainen, P, Smith, KP, Elo, IT 2008, 'Educational differences in all-cause mortality by marital status: evidence from Bulgaria, Finland and the United States', Demographic Research, vol 19, no. 10, pp. 2011-2042. Konttinen, H, Haukkala, A, Uutela, A 2008, 'Comparing sense of coherence, depressive symptoms and their relationships with health in a population-based study', Social Science & Medicine, vol 66, no. 12, pp. 2401-2412. Konttinen, H, Haukkala, A, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Silventoinen, K 2008, 'Relationships of eating behaviours, self-control and self- efficacy with obesity', Psychology Bulletin, vol 23, pp. 162-163. Kuhanen, J, Shemeikka, R, Notkola, V, Nghixulifwa, M 2008, 'Junior-headed households as a possible strategy for coping with the growing orphan crisis in northern Namibia', African journal of aids research, vol 7, no. 1, pp. 123-132. Laaksonen, M, Aittomäki, A, Lallukka, T, Rahkonen, O, Saastamoinen, P, Silventoinen, K, Lahelma, E 2008, 'Register-based study among employees showed small nonparticipation bias in health surveys and check-ups', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol 61, no. 9, pp. 900-906. Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2008, 'Explanations for gender differences in sickness absence: evidence from middle-aged municipal employees from Finland', Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 65, no. 5, pp. 325-330.

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Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Nihtilä, E, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2008, 'Home ownership and mortality: a register-based follow-up study of 300000 Finns', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 62, no. 4, pp. 293-297. Laaksonen, M, Talala, K, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Roos, E, Helakorpi, S, Laatikainen, T, Prättälä, R 2008, 'Health behaviours as explanations for educational level differences in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a follow-up of 60 000 men and women over 23 years', European Journal of Public Health, vol 18, no. 1, pp. 38-43. Laitala, VS, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K 2008, 'Genetics of coffee consumption and its stability', Addiction, vol 103, no. 12, pp. 2054- 2061. Lallukka, T, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Kaila-Kangas, L, Pitkäniemi, J, Luukkonen, R, Leino-Arjas, P 2008, 'W orking conditions and weight gain: a 28-year follow-up study of industrial employees', European Journal of Epidemiology, vol 23, no. 4, pp. 303-310. Lallukka, T, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O, Roos, E, Laaksonen, E, Martikainen, P, Head, J, Brunner, E, Mosdol, A, Marmot, M, Sekine, M, Nasermoaddeli, A, Kagamimori, S 2008, 'Associations of job strain and working overtime with adverse health behaviors and obesity: evidence from the Whitehall II Study, Helsinki Health Study, and the Japanese Civil Servants Study', Social Science & Medicine, vol 66, no. 8, pp. 1681-1698. Lu, X, Leino-Arjas, P, Piha, K, Aittomäki, A, Saastamoinen, P, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2008, 'On methodologies for analysing sickness absence data: an insight into a new method', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. Proceedings, vol 31, pp. 423-428. Lundberg, O, Åberg Yngwe, M, Kölegård Stjärne, M, Elstad, JI, Ferrarini, T, Kangas, O, Norström, T, Palme, J, Fritzell, J, Dahl, E, Diderichsen, F, Gunnarsdottir, H, Kautto, M, Lahelma, E, NEWS Nordic Expert Group 2008, 'The role of welfare state principles and generosity in social policy programmes for public health: an international comparative study', Lancet, vol 372, no. 9650, pp. 1633-1640. Mackenbach, J, Stirbu, I, Roskam, A, Schaap, M, Menvielle, G, Leinsalu, M, Kunst, A, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries: European Union Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health', New England Journal of Medicine, no. 358, pp. 2468-81. Martikainen, P, Nihtilä, E, Moustgaard, H 2008, 'The effects of socioeconomic status and health on transitions in living arrangements and mortality: a longitudinal analysis of elderly Finnish men and women from 1997 to 2002', Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, vol 63, no. 2, pp. S99-S109. Martikainen, P, Mäki, N, Jäntti, M 2008, 'The effects of workplace downsizing on cause-specific mortality: a register-based follow-up study of Finnish men and women remaining in employment', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 62, no. 11, pp. 1008- 1013. Martikainen, P, Sipilä, P, Blomgren, J, Lenthe, FJV 2008, 'The effects of migration on the relationship between area socioeconomic structure and mortality', Health & Place, vol 14, no. 2, pp. 361-366. Menvielle, G, Kunst, E, Stirbu, I, Strand, BH, Borrell, C, Regidor, E, Lellerc, A, Esnaola, S, Bopp, M, Lundberg, O, Artnik, B, Costa, G, Deboosere, P, Martikainen, P, Mackenbach, JP 2008, 'Educational differences in cancer mortality among women and men: a gender patterns that differs across Europe', British Journal of Cancer, vol 98, no. 5, pp. 1012-1019. Modig-Wennerstad, K, Silventoinen, K, Batty, D, Tynelius, P, Bergman, L, Rasmussen, F 2008, 'Association between offspring intelligence and parental mortality: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men and their parents', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 62, no. 8, pp. 722-727. Mäki, N, Martikainen, P 2008, 'The effects of education, social class and income on non-alcohol- and alcohol-associated suicide mortality: a register-based study of Finnish men aged 25-64', European Journal of Population, vol 24, no. 4, pp. 385-404. Nihtilä, EK, Martikainen, P, Koskinen, SVP, Reunanen, A, Noro, AM, Häkkinen, UT 2008, 'Chronic conditions and the risk of long-term institutionalization among older people', European Journal of Public Health, vol 18, no. 1, pp. 77-84. Nihtilä, E, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Institutionalization of older adults after the death of a spouse', American journal of public health, vol 98, no. 7, pp. 1228-1234. Nihtilä, E, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Why older people living with a spouse are less likely to be institutionalized: the role of socioeconomic factors and health charecteristics', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 36, no. 1, pp. 35-43. Nummela, O, Sulander, T, Rahkonen, O, Uutela, A 2008, 'Associations of self-rated health with different forms of leisure activities among ageing people', International Journal of Public Health (Print Edition), vol 53, no. 5, pp. 227-235. Nummela, O, Sulander, T, Rahkonen, O, Karisto, A, Uutela, A 2008, 'Social participation, trust and self-rated health: a study among ageing people in urban, semi-urban and rural settings', Health & Place, vol 14, no. 2, pp. 243-253. Roos, E, Talala, K, Laaksonen, M, Helakorpi, S, Rahkonen, O, Uutela, A, Prättälä, R 2008, 'Trends of socioeconomic differences in daily vegetable consumption, 1979-2002', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 62, no. 7, pp. 823-833. Saarni, SI, Joutsenniemi, K, Koskinen, S, Suvisaari, J, Pirkola, S, Sintonen, H, Poikolainen, K, Lönnqvist, J 2008, 'Alcohol consumption, abstaining, health utility, and quality of life: a general population survey in Finland', Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol 43, no. 3, pp. 376-386. Silventoinen, K, Magnusson, PKE, Tynelius, P, Kaprio, J, Rasmussen, F 2008, 'Heritability of body size and muscle strength in young adulthood: A study of one million Swedish men', Genetic Epidemiology, vol 32, no. 4, pp. 341-349. 9

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CPHS/Martikainen

Silventoinen, K, Hammar, N, Hedlund, E, Koskenvuo, M, Ronnemaa, T, Kaprio, J 2008, 'Selective international migration by social position, health behaviour and personality', European Journal of Public Health, vol 18, no. 2, pp. 150-155. Silventoinen, K, Pietiläinen, KH, Tynelius, P, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Rasmussen, F 2008, 'Genetic regulation of growth from birth to 18 years of age: The Swedish young male twins study', American Journal of Human Biology, vol 20, no. 3, pp. 292-298. Silventoinen, K, Haukka, J, Dunkel, L, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F 2008, 'Genetics of pubertal timing and its associations with relative weight in childhood and adult height: The Swedish young male twins study', Pediatrics (English Edition), vol 121, no. 4, pp. e885- e891. Silventoinen, K, Magnusson, PKE, Neovius, M, Sundstroem, J, Batty, GD, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F 2008, 'Does obesity modify the effect of blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease? A population-based cohort study of more than one million Swedish men', Circulation (Baltimore), vol 118, no. 16, pp. 1637-1642. Singh-Manoux, A, Gueguen, A, Ferrie, J, Shipley, M, Martikainen, P, Bonenfant, S, Goldberg, M, Marmot, M 2008, 'Gender differences in the association between morbidity and mortality among middle-aged men and women', American journal of public health, vol 98, no. 12, pp. 2251-2257. Valkonen, T, Blomgren, J, Kauppinen, TM, Martikainen, P, Mäenpää, E 2008, 'The effects of regional socioeconomic and cultural characteristics on the spatial patterns of the second demographic transition in Finland', Demographic Research, vol 19, no. article 61, pp. 2043-2056. Wahlström, M, Sihvo, S, Haukkala, A, Kiviruusu, O, Pirkola, S, Isometsä, E 2008, 'Use of mental health services and complementary and alternative medicine in persons with common mental disorders', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol 118, no. 1, pp. 73-80. Wehkalampi, K, Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J, Dick, DM, Rose, RJ, Pulkkinen, L, Dunkel, L 2008, 'Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing assessed by height growth', American Journal of Human Biology, vol 20, no. 4, pp. 417-423. Yokoyama, Y, Sugimoto, M, Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J 2008, 'Weight growth charts from birth to 6 years of age in Japanese triplets', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol 11, no. 6, pp. 641-647.

2009 Ferrie, JE, Kivimäki, M, Singh-Manoux, A, Shortt, A, Martikainen, P, Head, J, Marmot, M, Gimeno, D, De Vogli, R, Elovainio, M, Shipley, MJ 2009, 'Non-response to baseline, non-response to follow-up and mortality in the Whitehall II cohort', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 38, no. 3, pp. 831-837. Gissler, M, Rahkonen, O, Mortensen, L, Arntzen, A, Cnattingius, S, Andersen, AN, Hemminki, E 2009, 'Sex differences in child and adolescent mortality in the Nordic countries, 1981-2000', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 37, no. 4, pp. 340-346. Gissler, M, Rahkonen, O, Arntzen, A, Cnattingius, S, Andersen, AN, Hemminki, E 2009, 'Trends in socioeconomic differences in Finnish perinatal health 1991-2006', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 63, no. 6, pp. 420-425. Hankonen, N, Absetz, P, Haukkala, A, Uutela, A 2009, 'Socioeconomic status and psychosocial mechanism of lifestyle in a type 2 diabetes prevention trial', Annals of Behavioral Medicine, vol 38, no. 2, pp. 160-165. Hankonen, N, Pilvikki, A, Haukkala, A, Antti, U 2009, 'Socioeconomic status and psychosocial mechanisms of lifestyle change in a type 2 diabetes prevention trial', Annals of Behavioral Medicine, vol 38, no. 2, pp. 160-165. Harkonmaki, K, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E, Pitkaniemi, J, Halmeenmaki, T, Silventoinen, K, Rahkonen, O 2009, 'Intentions to retire, life dissatisfaction and the subsequent risk of disability retirement', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 37, no. 3, pp. 252-259. Haukkala, A, Konttinen, H, Uutela, A, Kawachi, I, Laatikainen, T 2009, 'Gender differences in the associations between depressive symptoms, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality', Annals of Epidemiology, vol 19, no. 9, pp. 623-629. Hämäläinen, J, Isometsä, E, Sihvo, S, Kiviruusu, O, Pirkola, S, Lönnqvist, J 2009, 'Treatment of major depressive disorder in the Finnish general population', Depression and Anxiety (Hoboken), vol 26, no. 11, pp. 1049-1059. Impinen, A, Rahkonen, O, Karjalainen, K, Lintonen, T, Lillsunde, P, Ostamo, A 2009, 'Substance Use as a Predictor of Driving under the Influence (DUI) Rearrests. A 15-Year Retrospective Study', Traffic injury prevention., vol 10, no. 3, pp. 220-226. Kaikkonen, R, Rahkonen, O, Lallukka, T, Lahelma, E 2009, 'Physical and psychosocial working conditions as explanations for occupational class inequalities in self-rated health', European Journal of Public Health, vol 19, no. 5, pp. 458-463. Kestilä, L, Rahkonen, O, Martelin, T, Lahti-Koski, M, Koskinen, S 2009, 'Do childhood social circumstances affect overweight and obesity in early adulthood?', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 37, no. 2, pp. 206-219. Kestilä, L, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Härkänen, T, Koskinen, S 2009, 'The contribution of childhood circumstances, current circumstances and health behaviour to educational health differences in early adulthood', BMC Public Health, vol 9. Kettunen, J, Perola, M, Martin, NG, Cornes, BK, Wilson, SG, Montgomery, GW, Benyamin, B, Harris, JR, Boomsma, D, Willemsen, G, Hottenga, J, Slagboom, PE, Christensen, K, Kyvik, KO, Sørensen, TIA, Pedersen, NL, Magnusson, PKE, Andrew, T, Spector, TD, Widen, E, Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J, Palotie, A, Peltonen, L, Widen, EIM, GenomEUtwin project 2009, 'Multicenter dizygotic twin cohort study confirms two linkage susceptibility loci for body mass index at 3q29 and 7q36 and identifies three further potential novel loci', International Journal of Obesity, vol 33, no. 11, pp. 1235-1242. 10

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Konttinen, H, Haukkala, A, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Silventoinen, K, Jousilahti, P 2009, 'Eating styles, self-control and obesity indicators. The moderating role of obesity status and dieting history on restrained eating', Appetite, vol 53, no. 1, pp. 131-134. Kostiainen, E, Martelin, T, Kestila, L, Martikainen, P, Koskinen, S 2009, 'Employee, Partner, and Mother: Woman's Three Roles and Their Implications for Health', Journal of Family Issues, vol 30, no. 8, pp. 1122-1150. Laaksonen, M, Tarkiainen, L, Martikainen, P 2009, 'Housing wealth and mortality: a register linkage study of the Finnish population', Social Science & Medicine, vol 69, no. 5, pp. 754-760. Laaksonen, M, Piha, K, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2009, 'Health-related behaviours and sickness absence from work', Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 66, no. 12, pp. 840-847. Laaksonen, E, Martikainen, P, Head, J, Rahkonen, O, Marmot, MG, Lahelma, E 2009, 'Associations of multiple socio-economic circumstances with physical functioning among Finnish and British employees', European Journal of Public Health, vol 19, no. 1, pp. 38-45. Laaksonen, E, Martikainen, P, Lallukka, T, Lahelma, E, Ferrie, J, Rahkonen, O, Marmot, M, Head, J 2009, 'Economic difficulties and common mental disorders among Finnish and British white-collar employees: the contribution of social and behavioural factors', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 63, no. 6, pp. 439-446. Lahelma, E, Laaksonen, M, Aittomäki, A 2009, 'Occupational class inequalities in health across employment sectors: the contribution of working conditions', International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol 82, no. 2, pp. 185-190. Laitala, VS, Kaprio, J, Koskenvuo, M, Räihä, I, Rinne, JO, Silventoinen, K 2009, 'Coffee drinking in middle age is not associated with cognitive performance in old age', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 90, no. 3, pp. 640-646. Laitala, V, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K 2009, 'Genetics of coffee consumption and its stability', Behavior Genetics, vol 39, pp. 664-665. Lajunen, H, Kaprio, J, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Rose, RJ, Pulkkinen, L, Rissanen, A, Silventoinen, K 2009, 'Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index during adolescence: a prospective study among Finnish twins', International Journal of Obesity, vol 33, no. 5, pp. 559-567. Lallukka, T, Chandola, T, Hemingway, H, Marmot, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2009, 'Job strain and symptoms of angina pectoris among British and Finnish middle-aged employees', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 63, no. 12, pp. 980-985. Martikainen, P, Moustgaard, H, Murphy, M, Einio, EK, Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Noro, A 2009, 'Gender, Living Arrangements, and Social Circumstances as Determinants of Entry Into and Exit From Long-Term Institutional Care at Older Ages: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study of Older Finns', Gerontologist, vol 49, no. 1, pp. 34-45. Martikainen, P, Valkonen, T, Moustgaard, H 2009, 'The effects of individual taxable income, household taxable income, and househould disposable income on mortality in Finland, 1998-2004', Population Studies, vol 63, no. 2, pp. 147-162. Moustgaard, H, Martikainen, P 2009, 'Nonmarital cohabitation among older Finnish men and women: socioeconomic characteristics and forms of union dissolution', Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, vol 64B, no. 4, pp. 507- 516. Mustelin, LM, Silventoinen, K, Pietiläinen, K, Rissanen, A, Kaprio, J 2009, 'Physical activity reduces the influence of genetic effects on BMI and waist circumference: a study in young adult twins', International Journal of Obesity, vol 33, no. 1, pp. 29-36. Mäki, N, Martikainen, P 2009, 'The role of socioeconomic indicators on non-alcohol and alcohol-associated suicide mortality women in Finland: a register-based follow-up study of 12 million person-years', Social Science & Medicine, vol 68, no. 12, pp. 2161-2169. Nummela, O, Sulander, T, Rahkonen, O, Uutela, A 2009, 'The effect of trust and change in trust on self-rated health: A longitudinal study among aging people', Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol 49, no. 3, pp. 339-342. Pietiläinen, OPH, Paunio, T, Loukola, A, Tuulio-Henriksson, A, Kieseppä, T, Thompson, P, Toga, AW, van Erp, TGM, Silventoinen, K, Soronen, P, Hennah, W, Turunen, JA, Wedenoja, J, Palo, OM, Silander, K, Lönnqvist, J, Kaprio, J, Cannon, TD, Peltonen, L 2009, 'Association of AKT1 with verbal learning, verbal memory, and regional cortical gray matter density in twins', American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics, vol 150B, no. 5, pp. 683-692. Saastamoinen, P, Laaksonen, M, Leino-Arjas, P, Lahelma, E 2009, 'Psychosocial risk factors of pain among employees', European journal of pain., vol 13, no. 1, pp. 102-108. Saastamoinen, P, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Leino-Arjas, P 2009, 'The effect of pain on sickness absence among middle-aged municipal employees', Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 66, pp. 131-136. Salonsalmi, A, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2009, 'Drinking habits and sickness absence: the contribution of working conditions', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 37, no. 8, pp. 846-854. Savolainen, J, Sipilä, P, Martikainen, P, Anderson, AL 2009, 'Family, community, and lifestyle: adolescent victimization in Helsinki', Sociological Quarterly, vol 50, no. 4, pp. 715-738. Sekine, M, Chandola, T, Martikainen, P, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S 2009, 'What we learn from British, Finnish, and Japanese civil servants study and the role of social democracy in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in health: a response to Bosma', Social Science & Medicine, vol 69, no. 10, pp. 1429-1431.

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

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CPHS/Martikainen

Sekine, M, Chandola, T, Martikainen, P, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S 2009, 'Socioeconomic inequalities in physical and mental functioning of Brish, Finnish, and japanese civil servants: role of job demand, control, and work hours', Social Science & Medicine, vol 69, no. 10, pp. 1417-1425. Silventoinen, K, Magnusson, PKE, Tynelius, P, Batty, GD, Rasmussen, F 2009, 'Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol 38, no. 1, pp. 110-118. Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J 2009, 'Genetics of tracking of body mass index from birth to late middle age: evidence from twin and family studies', Obesity facts, vol 2, no. 3, pp. 196-202. Silventoinen, K, Hasselbalch, AL, Lallukka, T, Bogl, L, Pietiläinen, KH, Heitmann, BL, Schousboe, K, Rissanen, A, Kyvik, KO, Sørensen, TIA, Kaprio, J 2009, 'Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 90, no. 4, pp. 1096-1103. Sipilä, P, Martikainen, P 2009, 'Language-group mortality differentials in Finland in 1988-2004: assessment of the contribution of cause of death, sex and age', European Journal of Public Health, vol 19, no. 5, pp. 492-498. Yokoyama, Y, Sugimoto, M, Silventoinen, K, Pitkäniemi, J, Kaprio, J 2009, 'Growth Charts of Length and Height from Birth to Six Years of Age in Japanese Triplets', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol 12, no. 3, pp. 320-327.

2010 Aaltonen, ME 2010, 'Nuorten aikuisten koulupudokkuus, työttömyys ja väkivaltarikollisuus - väkivallan tekijät ja uhrit kansallisesti edustavan rekisteriaineiston valossa', Oikeus, vol 39, no. 3, pp. 220-247. Aittomäki, A, Martikainen, P, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2010, 'The associations of household wealth and income with self-rated health: A study on economic advantage in middle-aged Finnish men and women', Social Science & Medicine, vol 71, no. 5, pp. 1018-1026. Blomgren, J, Martikainen, P, Grundy, E, Koskinen, S 2010, 'Marital history 1971–1991 and mortality 1991–2004 in England & Wales and Finland', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Hasselbalch , A, Silventoinen, K, Keskitalo, K, Pietiläinen, KH, Rissanen, A, Heitmann, B, Kyvik, K, Sorensen, T, Kaprio, J 2010, 'Twin study of heritability of eating bread in Danish and Finnish men and women', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol 13, no. 2, pp. 163-167. Haukkala, A, Konttinen, H, Laatikainen, T, Kawachi, I, Uutela, A 2010, 'Hostility, Anger Control, and Anger Expression as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease', Psychosomatic Medicine, vol 72, no. 6, pp. 556-562. Hublin, C, Partinen, M, Harkonmäki, K, Silventoinen, K, Koskenvuo, M, Kaprio, J 2010, 'Shift-work and cardiovascular disease: a population-based 22-year follow-up study', European Journal of Epidemiology, vol 25, no. 5, pp. 315-323. Impinen, A, Mäkelä, PM, Karjalainen, K, Rahkonen, O, Lintonen, T, Lillsunde, P, Ostamo, A 2010, 'High mortality among people suspected of drunk-driving. An 18-year register-based follow-up', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol 110, no. 1-2, pp. 80-84. Karjalainen, K, Lintonen, T, Impinen, A, Mäkelä, P, Rahkonen, O, Lillsunde, P, Ostamo, A 2010, 'Mortality and causes of death among drugged drivers', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 64, no. 6, pp. 506-512. Konttinen, H, Mannisto, S, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Silventoinen, K, Haukkala, A 2010, 'Emotional eating, depressive symptoms and self-reported food consumption: A population-based study', Appetite, vol 54, no. 3, pp. 473-479. Konttinen, H, Silventoinen, K, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Männistö, S, Haukkala, A 2010, 'Emotional eating and physical activity self- efficacy as pathways in the association between depressive symptoms and adiposity indicators', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 92, no. 5, pp. 1031-1039. Korja, M, Silventoinen, K, McCarron, P, Zdravkovic, S, Skytthe, A, Haapanen, A, de Faire, U, Pedersen, NL, Christensen, K, Koskenvuo, M, Kaprio, J, GenomeEUtwin Project 2010, 'Genetic epidemiology of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: Nordic Twin Study', Stroke, vol 41, no. 11, pp. 2458-2462 . Laaksonen, M, Pitkaniemi, J, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Work Arrangements, Physical Working Conditions, and Psychosocial Working Conditions as Risk Factors for Sickness Absence: Bayesian Analysis of Prospective Data', Annals of Epidemiology, vol 20, pp. 332-338. Laaksonen, M, Piha, K, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Explaining occupational class differences in sickness absence: results from middle-aged municipal employees', Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol 64, pp. 802-807. Laaksonen, M, Mastekaasa, A, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Piha, K, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Gender differences in sickness absence: the contribution of occupation and workplace.', Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, vol 36, no. 5, pp. 394-403. Lahelma, E, Lallukka, T, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Chandola, T, Head, J, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S, Tatsuse, T, Sekine, M 2010, 'Social class differences in health behaviours among employees from Britain, Finland and Japan: the influence of psychosocial factors', Health & Place, vol 16, no. 1, pp. 61-70.

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

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CPHS/Martikainen

Lahti, J, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2010, 'The impact of physical activity on physical health functioning - A prospective study among middle-aged employees', Preventive Medicine, vol 50, pp. 246-250. Lahti, J, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2010, 'The impact of physical activity on sickness absence', Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol 20, no. 2, pp. 191-199. Lallukka, T, Arber, S, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Complaints of insomnia among midlife employed people: The contribution of childhood and present socioeconomic circumstances', Sleep Medicine, vol 11, pp. 828-836. Lallukka, T, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E, Arber, S 2010, 'Sleep complaints in middle-aged women and men: the contribution of working conditions and work-family conflicts', Journal of Sleep Research, vol 19, no. 3, pp. 466-477. Lallukka, T, Pitkaniemi, J, Rahkonen, O, Roos, E, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E 2010, 'The association of income with fresh fruit and vegetable consumption at different levels of education', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 64, no. 3, pp. 324-327. Lallukka, T, Chandola, T, Roos, E, Cable, N, Sekine, M, Kagamimori, S, Tatsuse, T, Marmot, M, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Work-Family Conflicts and Health Behaviors Among British, Finnish, and Japanese Employees', International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol 17, no. 2, pp. 134-142. Lehtovirta, M, Pietiläinen, KH, Levalahti, E, Heikkila, K, Groop, L, Silventoinen, K, Koskenvuo, M, Kaprio, J 2010, 'Evidence that BMI and type 2 diabetes share only a minor fraction of genetic variance: a follow-up study of 23,585 monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study', Diabetologia, vol 53, pp. 1314-1321. Lu, X, Laaksonen, M, Aittomaki, A, Leino-Arjas, P, Rahkonen, O, Saastamoinen, P, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Sickness Absence, Employment History, and High-Risk Employees: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study', Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 52, no. 9, pp. 913-919. Mantere, O, Isometsä, ET, Ketokivi, M, Kiviruusu, O, Suominen, K, Valtonen, HM, Arvilommi, P, Leppamaki, S 2010, 'A prospective latent analyses study of psychiatric comorbidity of DSM-IV bipolar I and II disorders', Bipolar Disorders, vol 12, no. 3, pp. 271-284. Meririnne, E, Kiviruusu, O, Karlsson, L, Pelkonen, M, Ruuttu, T, Tuisku, V, Marttunen, M 2010, 'Brief Report: Excessive alcohol use negatively affects the course of adolescent depression: One year naturalistic follow-up study', Journal of Adolescence, vol 33, no. 1, pp. 221-226. Mäkinen, TE, Borodulin, K, Tammelin, TH, Rahkonen, O, Laatikainen, T, Prättälä, R 2010, 'The effects of adolescence sports and exercise on adulthood leisure-time physical activity in educational groups', International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol 7, no. art.no 27. Mäkinen, T, Kestilä, L, Borodulin, K, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Prättälä, R 2010, 'Effects of childhood socio-economic conditions on educational differences in leisure-time physical activity', European Journal of Public Health, vol 20, no. 3, pp. 346-353. Mäkinen, T, Kestilä, L, Borodulin, K, Martelin, T, Rahkonen, O, Leino-Arjas, P, Prättälä, R 2010, 'Occupational class differences in leisure-time physical inactivity - contribution of past and current physical workload and other working conditions', Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, vol 36, no. 1, pp. 62-70. Pietiläinen, O, Laaksonen, M, Pitkäniemi, JM, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Changes of occupational class differences in physical functioning: a panel study among employees (2000-2007)', Journal of epidemiology and community health. Piha, K, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Interrelationships between education, occupational class, income and sickness absence', European Journal of Public Health, vol 20, no. 3, pp. 276-280. Pokhrel, A, Martikainen, P, Pukkala, E, Rautalahti, M, Seppä, K, Hakulinen, T 2010, 'Education, survival and avoidable deaths in cancer patients in Finland', British Journal of Cancer, no. 103, pp. 1109-1114. Remes, H, Martikainen, P, Valkonen, T 2010, 'Mortality Inequalities by Parental Education among Children and Young Adults in Finland 1990–2004', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 64, no. 2, pp. 130-135. Sekine, M, Chandola, T, Martikainen, P, Marmot, M, Kagamimori, S 2010, 'Sex differences in physical and mental functioning of Japanese civil servants: Explanations from work and family characteristics', Social Science & Medicine, vol 71, no. 12, pp. 2091-2099. Silventoinen, K, Sundstrom, J, Tynelius, P, Eriksson, J, Rasmussen, F 2010, 'Ethnic differences in blood pressure in young men living in similar environment: a study of international adoptees in Sweden', Journal of Hypertension, vol 28, pp. 1393-1399. Singh-Manoux, A, Gourmelen, J, Ferrie, J, Silventoinen, K, Guéguen, A, Stringhini, S, Nabi, H, Kivimäki, M 2010, 'Trends in the association between height and socioeconomic indicators in France, 1970-2003', Economics & Human Biology, vol 8, no. 3, pp. 396- 404. Sipilä, P, Martikainen, P 2010, 'Language-group mortality differentials in Finland: the effects of local language composition', Health & Place, vol 16, no. 3, pp. 446-451. Stirbu, I, Kunst, AE, Bopp, M, Leinsalu, M, Regidor, E, Esnaola, S, Costa, G, Martikainen, P, Borrell, C, Deboosere, P, Kalediene, R, Rychtarikova, J, Artnik, B, Mackenbach, JP 2010, 'Educational inequalities in avoidable mortality in Europe', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol 64, no. 10, pp. 913-920. Tarkiainen, L, Martikainen, P, Laaksonen, M, Leyland, AH 2010, 'Comparing the effects of neighbourhood characteristics on all-cause mortality using two hierarchical areal units in the capital region of Helsinki', Health & Place, vol 16, no. 2, pp. 409-412. 13

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CPHS/Martikainen

Volanen, S, Suominen, S, Lahelma, E, Koskenvuo, K, Koskenvuo, M, Silventoinen, K 2010, 'Sense of coherence and intentions to retire early among Finnish women and men', BMC Public Health, vol 10, no. 22. Waller, K, Kujala, UM, Rantanen, T, Kauppinen, M, Silventoinen, K, Koskenvuo, M, Kaprio, J 2010, 'Physical activity, morbidity and mortality in twins: a 24-year prospective follow-up', European Journal of Epidemiology, vol 25, no. 10, pp. 731-739. Waller, K, Kaprio, J, Lehtovirta, M, Silventoinen, K, Koskenvuo, M, Kujala, UM 2010, 'Leisure-time physical activity and type 2 diabetes during a 28 year follow-up in twins', Diabetologia, vol 53, no. 12, pp. 2531-2537. Wennerstad, KM, Silventoinen, K, Tynelius, P, Bergman, L, Kaprio, J, Rasmussen, F 2010, 'Associations between IQ and cigarette smoking among Swedish male twins', Social Science & Medicine, vol 70, pp. 575-581.

A2 Review in scientific journal

2008 Korhonen, T, Haukkala, A, Koivumaa-Honkanen, H, Kinnunen, T 2008, 'Tupakointi ja masennus', Duodecim, vol 124, no. 8, pp. 899- 995.

2010 Lyngstad, TH, Jalovaara, M 2010, 'A review of the antecedents of union dissolution', Demographic Research, vol 23, pp. 257-291. Silventoinen, K, Rokholm, B, Kaprio, J, Sorensen, TIA 2010, 'The genetic and environmental influences on childhood obesity: a systematic review of twin and adoption studies', International Journal of Obesity, vol 34, no. 1, pp. 29-40.

A3 Contribution to book/other compilations (refereed)

2005 Karisto, A, Martikainen, P, Mäki, N, Rahkonen, O 2005, 'Suuren muuton pyörteissä: liikkuvuus ja liikkumattomuus', in AK( (ed.), Suuret ikäluokat, Vastapaino, Tampere, pp. 92-114. Lahelma, E, Aittomäki, A, Harkonmäki, K, Laaksonen, M, Lallukka, T, Piha, K, Saastamoinen, P, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Silventoinen, K, Talala, K, Winter, T, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Roos, E, Leino-Arjas, P, Karvonen, S, Marmot, M, Chandola, T, Kagamimori, S 2005, 'A comparative study of the effects of work-home interface, socioeconomic position and ageing on health among employees: the Helsinki Health Study', Gems of the Health Promotion Research Programme, Cancer Society of Finland Academy of Finland, Helsinki, pp. 70-80. Mannila, S, Martikainen, P 2005, 'Työttömyys', in A Aromaa, J Huttunen, S Koskinen, J Teperi (eds), Suomalaisten terveys, Kustannus Oy Duodecim, Helsinki, pp. 62-64. Martikainen, P, Sipilä, P 2005, 'Immediate communities and individual sociodemographic disadvantage - a study of the effects of area and individual characteristics on helath and cause-specific mortality', Gems of the Health Promotion Research Programme / [editor. Marika Javanainen]., Cancer Society of Finland Academy of Finland, Helsinki, pp. 44-53. Martikainen, P, Sipilä, P 2005, 'Lähiyhteisöt ja yksilön ominaisuudet - tutkimus alueen ja yksilön ominaisuuksien vaikutuksesta kuolleisuuteen ja terveyteen', Timantit Terveyden edistämisen tutkimusohjelmasta. [toimitus: Marika Javanainen]., Suomen syöpäyhdistys Suomen Akatemia, Helsinki, pp. 45-54. Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Terveys hyvinvointivaltiossa: Peter Townsendin tulkinta terveyden eriarvoisuudesta', in J Saari (ed.), Hyvinvointivaltio. Suomen mallia analysoimassa., Sosiaalipoliittisen yhdistyksen tutkimuksia, vol. 60, Yliopistopaino, Helsinki, pp. 280-299. Shemeikka, R, Notkola, V 2005, 'Fertility reduction caused by HIV/AIDS and its demographic impact in Northern Namibia', in UAASM( (ed.), What are we doing there?. experiences and lessons learned from development cooperation in health care and social welfare (1990-2005)., National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, pp. 207-226. Uutela, A, Haukkala, A 2005, 'Tupakoinnin säätely: syyt, haasteet ja keinot', in TAP.[A (ed.), Arvot, moraali ja yhteiskunta. sosiaalipsykologisia näkökulmia yhteiskunnan muutokseen., Gaudeamus, Helsinki, pp. 399-423. Valkonen, T, Kauppinen, T, Kauppinen, TM 2005, 'Märkä ja nuorena nukkuva sukupolvi?', in A Karisto (ed.), Suuret ikäluokat, Vastapaino, Tampere, pp. 334-346.

2006 Dahl, E, Fritzell, J, Lahelma, E, Martikainen, P, Kunst, A, Mackenbach, J 2006, 'Welfare state regimes and health inequalities', in J Siegrist, M Marmot (eds), Socioeconomic inequalities in health: new evidence and policy implications, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 193-222. Fredriksson, S, Lith, P, Martikainen, P 2006, 'Kuntien sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelujen markkinat ja ostopalvelut Suomessa', in SFTM( (ed.), Kilpailuttamisen kokemukset, Kunta ja kilpailu, vol. nro 1, Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö, Helsinki, pp. 19-38. 14

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Häkkinen, U, Martikainen, P, Noro, A, Nihtilä, E, Peltola, M 2006, 'Hoito ennen kuolemaa: selittääkö kuoleman läheisyys terveydenhuoltomenoja?', Terveystaloustiede 2006, Työpapereita, no. 2, Stakes, Helsinki, pp. 27-29. Lahelma, E, Karisto, A, Mannila, S, Notkola, V 2006, 'Social structure and culture', in S Koskinen, A Aromaa, J Huttunen, J Teperi (eds), Health in Finland , National Public Health Institute KTL National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health Stakes Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, pp. 22-24. Martelin, T, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Health disparities between population groups', Health in Finland, National Public Health Institute KTL National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health Stakes Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, [Helsinki], pp. 102-105. Silventoinen, K, Lahelma, E, Kaprio, J 2006, 'Self-rated health: precursors and implications', Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 146-172. Valkonen, T, Martikainen, P 2006, 'Trends in life expectancy by level of education and occupational social class in Finland 1981-2000', in I Söderling (ed.), Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 2006, vol. 42, Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, vol. 42, Väestöntutkimuslaitos, Helsinki, pp. 27-42. Valkonen, T 2006, 'Social inequalities in mortality', in G Caselli, J Vallin, G W unsch (eds), Demography. analysis and synthesis., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 195-206.

2007 Ferrie, J, Martikainen, P 2007, 'Job insecurity: the health effects of psychosocial work stressor', in G Fink (ed.), Encyclopedia of Stress, 2 edn, vol. 2, Elsevier. Koskinen, S, Jalovaara, M, Martelinen, T 2007, 'Demografiset mittaluvut', in TSK.[A (ed.), Suomen väestö, Gaudeamus, Helsinki, pp. 23-40. Laaksonen, M, Helakorpi, S, Karvonen, S, Patja, K, Sulander, T 2007, 'Tupakointi', in HP.[A (ed.), Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa. sosioekonomisten terveyserojen muutokset 1980-2005., Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön julkaisuja, vol. 2007:23, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki, pp. 133-140. Lahelma, E 2007, 'Health and social class', The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 2086-2091. Pitkänen, K, Jalovaara, M 2007, 'Perheet ja perheenmuodustus', in TSK.[A (ed.), Suomen väestö, Gaudeamus, Helsinki, pp. 115-167. Rahkonen, O, Talala, K, Sulander, T, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Uutela, A, Prättälä, R 2007, 'Koettu terveys', in HP.[A (ed.), Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa. sosioekonomisten terveyserojen muutokset 1980-2005., Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön julkaisuja, vol. 2007:23, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki, pp. 65-73. Valkonen, T, Ahonen, H, Martikainen, P, Remes, H 2007, 'Sosioekonomiset kuolleisuuserot', in H Palosuo, S Koskinen, E Lahelma, R Prättälä, T Martelin, A Ostamo, I Keskimäki, M Sihto, K Talala, E Hyvönen, E Linnanmäki (eds), Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa. sosioekonomisten terveyserojen muutokset 1980-2005., Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön julkaisuja, vol. 2007:23, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki, pp. 44-64.

2008 Dolblhammer, G, Ziegler, U, Martikainen, P, Nihtilä, E, Apt, W 2008, 'Health and its effect on the future demand for care', in EBJG.[A (ed.), Future elderly living conditions in Europe = L'avenir des conditions de vie des Europeens ages, Paris,, Institut national d'etudes demographiques, pp. 141-166. Martikainen, P, Ferrie, J 2008, 'Populations at Special Health Risk: Unemployed: Unemployment and Job Insecurity ', International Encyclopedia of Public Health , pp. 268-276. Shemeikka, R, Notkola, V, Kultanen, J, Siiskonen, H 2008, 'HIV and fertility decline in North-Central Namibia 1980-2004', Yearbook of population research in Finland, Väestöntutkimuslaitos, Helsinki, pp. 7-32.

2009 Holmila, M, Huhtanen, P, Martikainen, P, Mäkelä, PM, Virtanen, A 2009, 'Lasten huoltajien alkoholinkäytön ja haittojen kehitys', in J Lammi-Taskula, S Karvonen, S Ahlström (eds), Lapsiperheiden hyvinvointi 2009, Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos, Helsinki, pp. 104-115. Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Sainio, P, Heliövaara, M, Reunanen, A, Lahelma, E 2009, 'Socio-economic health inequalities and how they have changed: chronic morbidity', Health inequalities in Finland. Hannele Palosuo ... [et al.]., Publications / Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health,, Helsinki, pp. 70-82. Laaksonen, M, Helakorpi, S, Karvonen, S, Patja, K, Sulander, T 2009, 'Socio-economic health inequalities: determining factors and how they have changed : health behaviour : smoking', Health inequalities in Finland. Hannele Palosuo ... [et al.]., Publications / Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health,, Helsinki, pp. 131-139.

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Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O, Koskinen, SK, Martelin, T, Palosuo, H 2009, 'Socio-economic health inequalities: causes and explanatory models', Health inequalities in Finland. Hannele Palosuo ... [et al.]., Publications / Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health,, Helsinki, pp. 21-37. Lallukka, T, Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O 2009, 'Healthy eating: what is the role of the economic situation?', in RR Watson, VR Preedy (eds), Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health. Fruits and Vegetables., Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 99-110. Mäenpää, E 2009, 'Cohabiting partners' socioeconomic characteristics and the transition to marriage in Finland', in [IS (ed.), Finnish yearbook of population research 2009. 44, Population Research Institute (Väestöntutkimuslaitos), 2009. - ISSN 1796-6183, Helsinki, pp. 63-77. Prättälä, R, Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Lahelma, E, Sihto, M, Palosuo, H 2009, 'Health inequalities and the challenge of how to reduce them', Health inequalities in Finland. Hannele Palosuo ... [et al.]., Publications / Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health,, Helsinki, pp. 11-19. Rahkonen, O, Talala, K, Sulander, T, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Uutela, A, Prättälä, R 2009, 'Socio-economic health inequalities and how they have changed: self-rated health', Health inequalities in Finland. Hannele Palosuo ... [et al.]., Publications / Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health,, Helsinki, pp. 61-69. Tuomilehto, J, Lindström, J, Silventoinen, K 2009, 'Obesity and prevention of type 2 diabetes', in EAHBSK (ed.), Obesity and diabetes, Wiley diabetes in practice series, Wiley-Blackwell, cop., Chichester, pp. 68-85.

2010 Lahelma, E 2010, 'Health and Social Stratification', in WC Cockerham (ed.), Medical Sociology. The New Blackwell Companion., Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, pp. 71-96. Ossi Rahkonen ja Eero Lahelma 2010, 'Terveyspolitiikka', Hyvinvointipolitiikka. Niemelä P (toim.), 1 edn, vol. 2010, WSOYpro, pp. 135-154. Shemeikka, R 2010, 'Finnish Official Development Aid for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa', Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, vol. XLV, Väestöntutkimuslaitos, pp. 143-170.

B1 Unrefereed journal article

2005 Lahelma, E, Winter, T, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O 2005, 'Työn ja perheen väliset ristiriidat ja niiden taustatekijät naisilla ja miehillä', Työ ja ihminen : työympäristötutkimuksen aikakauskirja., vol 19, no. 1, pp. 34-48. Palosuo, H, Sihto, M, Keskimäki, I, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E, Manderbacka, K, Prättälä, R, Linnanmäki, E 2005, 'Monet maat etsivät keinoja terveyserojen kaventamiseen: Englannin, Hollannin ja Ruotsin kokemukset kiinnostavat', Dialogi : Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen lehti., vol 15, no. 5, pp. 18-21. Palosuo, H, Sihto, M, Keskimäki, I, Manderbacka, K, Koskinen, S, Prättälä, R, Linnanmäki, E, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Sosioekonomisten terveyserojen kaventaminen Ruotsissa, Hollannissa ja Englannissa', Kansanterveys : Kansanterveyslaitoksen tiedotuslehti., vol 2005, no. 6, pp. 9 - 10. Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Terveyttä määrittävät sosiaaliset tekijät WHO:n kohteena', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 60, no. 20, pp. 2257-2258.

2006 Lahelma, E 2006, 'Sota terveysterroria vastaan?: [tiedekolumni]', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 61, no. 42, pp. 4351. Lallukka, T 2006, 'Päivitetty katsaus lihavuusepidemiaan. Obesity Prevention and Public Health. Kirja-arvio', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 43, no. 3. Lallukka, T, Martikainen, P, Reunanen, A, Roos, E, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Associations between working conditions and angina pectoris symptoms among employed women', Psychosomatic Medicine, vol 68, no. 2, pp. 348-354. Lavikainen, H, Koskinen, S, Aro, H, Kestilä, L, Lyytinen, H, Martelin, T, Pensola, T, Rahkonen, O, Aromaa, A 2006, 'Kouluvaikeuksien yleisyys ja yhteydet aikuisiän elämäntilanteeseen ja koettuun terveyteen', Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, vol 71, no. 4, pp. 402-410. Mäkinen, T, Laaksonen, M, Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2006, 'Lapsuuden olosuhteet ja aikuisuuden toimintakyky', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 43, no. 1, pp. 3-12. Palosuo, H, Sihto, M, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E, Prättälä, R, Keskimäki, I, Manderbacka, K 2006, 'Sosioekonomiset terveyserot ja terveyspolitiikka Suomessa, Ruotsissa, Englannissa ja Hollannissa', Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, vol 71, no. 2, pp. 154-166. Utriainen, I, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Aittomäki, A, Lahelma, E 2006, 'Keski-ikäisten painoindeksi ja keskivartalolihavuus: selvitys Helsingin kaupungin henkilöstön terveystutkimusaineistosta', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 61, no. 5, pp. 419-422.

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Volanen, S, Suominen, S, Lahelma, E, Koskenvuo, M, Silventoinen, K 2006, 'Sense of coherence and its determinants: A comparative study of the Finnish-speaking majority and the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol 34, no. 5, pp. 515-525.

2007 Hankonen, N, Kinnunen, M, Konttinen, H 2007, 'Interventioteemoja EHPS:n vuosikongressista', Terveyspsykologiauutiset, no. 2, pp. 9-11. Lahelma, E 2007, 'Elintasosairaudet: onko niitä? : [tiedekolumni]', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 62, no. 19, pp. 1949. Shemeikka, R, Kuhanen, J, Notkola, V, Siiskonen, H 2007, 'HIV-epidemia ja sosiaalinen ja taloudellinen tuki eteläisessä Afrikassa: tuen tarve Pohjois-Namibiassa', Kuntoutus, vol 30, no. 1, s, pp. 16-36. Silventoinen, K 2007, 'Re: "Association between height and coronary heart disease mortality: A prospective study of 35,000 twin pairs" - The first author replies', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol 165.

2008 Hu, G, Tuomilehto, J, Silventoinen, K, Jousilahti, P 2008, 'Waist to hip ratio as a supplement to body mass index: [Reply]', Archives of Internal Medicine, vol 168, no. 2, pp. 238. Kauppinen, T, Valkonen, T, Martikainen, P, Tarkiainen, L 2008, 'Elinajanodotteen muutos Helsingissä 1991-2005: Helsinkiläiset saaneet lisää elinvuosia, mutta niitä on vähemmän kuin muilla suomalaisilla', Kuntapuntari, vol 2008, no. 3, pp. 1-8. Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O 2008, 'Terveyden tasa-arvo kansakuntien menestyksen mittariksi: [pääkirjoitus]', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 45, no. 4, pp. 255-257. Lahti, J, Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O 2008, 'Työväsymys ja ikääntyminen heijastuvat liikunnan harrastamiseen', Liikunta & Tiede, vol 45, no. 1, pp. 36-39. Lallukka, T 2008, 'Tutkijan arkipäivän etiikka. Kirja-arvio', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 45, no. 2. Rahkonen, O 2008, 'Väestöntutkimuksen pikkujättiläinen: [kirja-arvostelu]', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 63, no. 9, pp. 874.

2009 Lahelma, E, Lundberg, O 2009, 'Health inequalities in European welfare states', European Journal of Public Health, vol 19, pp. 445- 446. Lallukka, T, Rahkonen, O 2009, 'Työn psykososiaaliset tekijät, työn ja perheen yhteensovittaminen ja uni', Työterveyslääkäri, vol 27, no. 4, pp. 47-51. Sulander, T, Rahkonen, O, Nummela, O, Uutela, A 2009, 'Ten year trends in health inequalities among older people, 1993-2003: [Research letter]', Age and Ageing, vol 38, no. 5, pp. 613-617.

2010 Lahelma, E 2010, 'Comparative research methodologies in health and medical sociology', Salute e societa?., no. suppl. 9, pp. 9-14. Lahelma, E 2010, 'Okinawalaisten terveys kohtaa modernisaation', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 47, no. 4, pp. 286-287. Lahti, JMM, Laaksonen, M, Rahkonen, O, Lahelma, E 2010, 'Eläkkeelle siirtyminen tuo liikunnan yhä useamman arkeen', Liikunta & Tiede, vol 47, no. 6, pp. 12-16. Rahkonen, O 2010, 'Kuka pelkää sosiaaliluokkaa?', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 65, no. 25, pp. 2281.

B2 Contribution to book/other compilations (non-refereed)

2005 Karisto, A, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Sosiaalinen ympäristö ja kulttuuriympäristö', Suomalaisten terveys, Duodecim Kansanterveyslaitos STAKES, Helsinki, pp. 50-53. Lahelma, E, Aittomäki, A, Harkonmäki, K, Laaksonen, M, Lallukka, T, Piha, K, Saastamoinen, P, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Silventoinen, K, Talala, K, Winter, T, Rahkonen, O, Martikainen, P, Roos, E, Leino-Arjas, P, Karvonen, S, Marmot, M, Chandola, T, Kagamimori, S 2005, 'Helsingin kaupungin henkilöstön terveystutkimus', Timantit Terveyden edistämisen tutkimusohjelmasta, Suomen syöpäyhdistys Suomen Akatemia, Helsinki, pp. 74-84. Martelin, T, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E 2005, 'Väestöryhmien väliset terveyserot', Suomalaisten terveys, Duodecim Kansanterveyslaitos STAKES, Helsinki, pp. 266-276.

2006 17

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Karvonen, S, Lahelma, E, Winter, T 2006, 'Työikäisten terveys ja hyvinvointi 2000 -luvun alussa', Suomalaisten hyvinvointi 2006, Stakes, [Helsinki], pp. 78-103.

2007 Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Sainio, P, Heliövaara, M, Reunanen, A, Lahelma, E 2007, 'Pitkäaikaissairastavuus: [Sosioekonomiset terveyserot ja niiden muutokset]', Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki, pp. 74-86. Lahelma, E, Rahkonen, O, Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Palosuo, H 2007, 'Sosioekonomisten terveyserojen syyt ja selitysmallit', Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki , pp. 25-41. Palosuo, H, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E, Prättälä, R, Sihto, M, Keskimäki, I, Ostamo, A, Martelin, T, Talala, K, Hyvönen, E, Linnanmäki, E 2007, 'Yhteenveto ja päätelmät: [Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa]', Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki, pp. 219-233. Prättälä, R, Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Lahelma, E, Sihto, M, Palosuo, H 2007, 'Terveyserot ja niiden kaventamisen haaste', Terveyden eriarvoisuus Suomessa, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Helsinki , pp. 15-23.

2008 Lahelma, E, Laaksonen, M, Martikainen, P, Rahkonen, O 2008, 'Die Mehrdimensionalität der sozioökonomischen Lage: Konsequenzen fur die Analyse gesundheitlicher ungleichheit', Health inequalities, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp. 143-166.

2009 Palosuo, H, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E, Kostiainen, E, Prättälä, R, Martelin, T, Ostamo, A, Keskimäki, I, Sihto, M, Linnanmäki, E (eds) 2009, 'Health inequalities in Finland: trends in socioeconomic health differences 1980-2005', Health inequalities in Finland, Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön julkaisuja, no. 2009:9, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki. Palosuo, H, Koskinen, S, Lahelma, E, Prättälä, R, Sihto, M, Keskimäki, I, Martelin, T, Kostiainen, E, Linnanmäki , E, Talala, K 2009, 'Health inequalities in Finland: trends in socioeconomic health differences 1980-2005 : summary and conclusions', in H Palosuo (ed.), Health inequalities in Finland, Publications / Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, pp. 217-230.

C1 Published scientific monograph

2005 Shemeikka, R, Alkio, P 2005, Aids Afrikassa: Tietopaketti HIV/aids-tilanteesta, Väestötietosarja, no. 12, Väestöliitto, Helsinki.

2007 Valkonen, T, Martikainen, P, Kauppinen, TM, Tarkiainen, L 2007, Elinajanodotteen kehitys Helsingissä ja sen väestön osaryhmissä 1991-2005, Tutkimuksia / Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, no. 2007:10, Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, Helsinki.

2009 Shemeikka, R, Iipinge, S, Indongo, N, Siiskonen, H, Leinonen, T, Notkola, V 2009, Reproductive health in southern Africa: government policies and changes in sexual and reproductive health and rights, Arviointiraportteja, Kuntoutussäätiö, Helsinki.

C2 Edited book, compilation, conference proceeding or special issue of journal

2006 Harkonmäki, K, Lahelma, E, Väänänen, J, Rahkonen, O 2006, Eläkeaikomukset ja varhaiseläkkeelle siirtyminen Helsingin kaupungin henkilöstön keskuudessa, Tutkimuskatsauksia / Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, no. 2006:4, Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, Helsinki. Utriainen, I, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S, Aittomäki, A, Lahelma, E (eds) 2006, Lihavuus ja keskivartalolihavuus Helsingin kaupungin henkilöstön keskuudessa, Tutkimuskatsauksia / Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, no. 2006:1, Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, Helsinki. Wiens, J, Aittomäki, A, Lahelma, E (eds) 2006, Sydän- ja verisuonitautien biologiset riskitekijät Helsingin kaupungin henkilöstön keskuudessa, Tutkimuskatsauksia / Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, no. 2006:2, Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskus, [Helsinki].

2007 Koskinen, S, Martelin, T, Notkola, I, Notkola, V, Pitkänen, K, Jalovaara, M, Mäenpää, E, Ruokolainen, A, Ryynänen, M, Söderling, I (eds) 2007, Suomen väestö, 2., uud. laitos edn, Gaudeamus, Helsinki.

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D1 Article in professional journal

2010 Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J 2010, 'Liikunta auttaa vähentämään geneettisen alttiuden vaikutusta lihavuuteen', Duodecim, vol 126, no. 9, pp. 1031-1036. Sulander, T, Nisén, TJ, Heimonen, S, Pohjolainen, P, Virkola, E, Karvinen, E, Koivula, R 2010, 'Koti keskellä kaupunkia', Vanhustyö, no. 4, pp. 34-35.

D4 Published development or research report

2010 Jalovaara, M 2010, Socio-economic Resources and First Union Formation in Finland, Stockholm Research Reports in Demograpy, no. 15, vol. 2010.

D5 Text book or professional handbook or guidebook or dictionary

2008 Heikkilä, H, Mannonen, M, Tawast, M, Haukkala, A, Laatikainen, T 2008, Vmeste protiv zloupotroreblenia PAV: pabocaa tetrad' = "Yhdessä päihteitä vastaan : työkirja, Kansanterveyslaitoksen julkaisujaC, no. 13/2008, Kansanterveyslaitos, terveyden edistämisen ja kroonisten tauties ehkäisyn osasto, Helsinki.

E1 Popular article, newspaper article

2005 Shemeikka, R, Alkio, P 2005, 'Aids-tilanne Saharan eteläpuolisessa Afrikassa', Väestöviesti, vol 2005, no. 1, pp. 7. Shemeikka, R 2005, 'HIV/aids -pandemian ajankohtaisia haasteita', Väestöviesti, no. 1, pp. 1-2.

2006 Lahelma, E 2006, 'Karkaako terveys sen määrittelijöiltä?: [tiedekolumni]', Suomen lääkärilehti , vol 61, no. 7, pp. 716-717.

2007 Herttua, K, Martikainen, P, Mäkelä, P 2007, 'Kun hinta halpeni: viina tappoi eniten yksinäisiä miehiä', Dialogi : Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen lehti., vol 17, no. 2, pp. 40-41. Rahkonen, O, Topo, P, Suominen, S 2007, 'Pohjoismaista sosiaalilääketiedettä Helsingissä: [Kokousselostus]', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 44, no. 4, pp. 254-255.

2008 Kauppinen, TM, Valkonen, T, Martikainen, P 2008, 'Elinajanodotteen alue-erojen kehitys ja sosiaalisen rakenteen yhteys eroihin pääkaupunkiseudulla: Förväntad livslängd och social struktur i Huvudstadsregionen', Kvartti : Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskuksen neljännesvuosijulkaisu., no. 3, pp. 30-42. Kuhanen, J, Shemeikka, R 2008, 'Juniorijohtoiset kotitaloudet orpo-ongelman selviytymiskeinona', Namibia : Suomi-Namibia-seuran tiedote, no. 4, pp. 18-19.

2009 Manderbacka, K, Topo, P, Rahkonen, O 2009, 'Sosiaalilääketieteen yhdistys 40 vuotta: sosiaalilääketieteen päivät 1.-2.12.2008 : [Kokousseloste]', Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, vol 46, no. 1, pp. 58. Shemeikka, R 2009, 'Afrikan nopea väestönkasvu jatkuu', Pari & perhe, no. 1, pp. 27.

2010 Aaltonen, ME 2010, 'Tieto syrjäytymisen ja rikollisuuden yhteydestä täsmentyy', Hyvinvointikatsaus, vol 21, no. 4, pp. 11-15. Haukkala, A 2010, 'Tupakkatuotteiden näkyvä esilläpito tulee kieltää myös Suomessa', Helsingin Sanomat.

E1 Popular contribution to book/other compilations

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI

RC-SPECIFIC TUHAT COMPILATIONS OF PUBLICATIONS DATA 2005-2010

CPHS/Martikainen

2005 Valkonen, T 2005, 'Myllypuron asukkaat ja asunnot', in A Valkonen (ed.), Myllypuro. kartanon takamaista monikulttuuriseksi kaupunginosaksi ., Myllypuro-seura, Helsinki, pp. 81-87.

2006 Valkonen, T 2006, 'Evakkouden vaikutus on jäänyt tutkimatta', in A Kuorsalo , I Saloranta (eds), Evakkotie, Ajatus, Helsinki, pp. 219- 231.

1 Analysis of activities 2005-2010 Associated person is one of Pekka Martikainen , Ari Haukkala , Eero Lahelma , Ossi Rahkonen , Karri Silventoinen , Tapani Valkonen , Akseli Aittomäki , Elina Einiö , Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Marika Jalovaara , Kaisla Joutsenniemi , Mikko Laaksonen , Elina Laaksonen , Tea Lallukka , Netta Mäki , Peppiina Saastamoinen , Riikka Shemeikka , Mikko Ensio Aaltonen, Peija Haaramo , Marja Ilona Kinnunen, Olli Kiviruusu, Hanna Konttinen , Jouni Markku Mikael Lahti , Venla Laitala , Taina Leinonen , Peppi Lyytikäinen , Niina Metsä-Simola , Heta Moustgaard , Elina Mäenpää , Tiina Jessica Nisén, Marjaana Pennanen , Kustaa Piha , Petteri Raito, Hanna Remes , Eira Roos , Aino Emilia Salonsalmi , Tina Seiluri , Petteri Sipilä ,

Activity type Count

Supervisor or co-supervisor of doctoral thesis 68

Prizes and awards 6

Editor of research journal 18

Editor of research anthology/collection/conference proceedings 2

Peer review of manuscripts 152

Assessment of candidates for academic posts 6

Membership or other role in review committee 8

Membership or other role in research network 6

Membership or other role in national/international committee, council, board 75

Membership or other role in public Finnish or international organization 25

Membership or other role of body in private company/organisation 11

Participation in interview for written media 28

Participation in radio programme 13

Participation in TV programme 7

Participation in interview for web based media 3 2 Listing of activities 2005-2010

Supervisor or co-supervisor of doctoral thesis Pekka Martikainen ,

Finland

Social-class inequalities in ill health - the contribution of physica A dynamic analysis of change in the socio- Not in all walks of life? Social differences in suicide mortality, Pekka Martikainen, 2006

Language- Social determinants of childhood and early a The effects of the 2004 reduction in the price of alcohol on alcohol-related harm in Finland a natural experiment based on register

Homogamy and hetero

Life-

Socio-economic status and cause- Education and fertility, Pekka Martikainen, Ari Haukkala ,

Eating prototypes and healthy eating, Ari Hauk

Eero Lahelma , Supervision of completed doctoral th

Supervi

Supervisor, Doctoral theses: Salla- Supervisor

Supervisor, Petteri Raito, Eero Lahelma, 2008, Finland

Ossi Rahkonen , Supe

Finland

Supervisor, Doctoral

Supervisor, Doctoral theses: Tomi Mäk

Supervisor, Doctoral theses: Peppi Lyytikäinen, Ossi Rahkonen, 01.10.2009

Karri Silventoinen , Cognitive ability, socioeconomic position and cardiovascular health among Swedish men, Karri Silventoinen, 09.2010, Sweden Genetics of diatery habits and obesity- a twin study, Karri Silventoinen, 01.2010, Denmark Marika Jalovaara ,

Mikko Laaksonen , Supervisor, Doctoral theses: Peppiina Saastamoi Leisure- Tea Lallukka ,

Väitöskirjaty

Riikka Shemeikka , Health care utilization and health equity: determinants of acceptability and utilization of the services in developing countries: Namibia

Exploring the HIV and AIDS policies in the workplace: a case study of Bank of Namibia, the Namibia diamond trading company, the University of Namibia and De Beers Mining Company (väitöskirjan ohjaus / supervisor of Doctoral Thesis, ongoing), Riikka Shemeikka,

Prizes and awards Pekka Martikainen , Nomination for Research Karri Silventoinen , Geoffry Rose Award for Young Scientists, Karri Silventoinen, 2006 Nordic Obesity Excellence Award, Karri Silventoinen, 2007 Tea Lallukka ,

Petteri Sipilä ,

Sosiaalilääketieteen yhdistyksen myöntämä Seppo Aro -

Editor of research journal Pekka Martikainen ,

Ari Haukkala , Blackwell publishing: arviointi menetelmäoppikirja e Eero Lahelma ,

Kingdom

Ossi Rahkonen ,

Tapani Valkonen , Applied Population and Policy, Tapani Valkonen, 01.

.2005, Netherlands

Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , 1.2007 Peppiina Saastamoinen ,

Editor of research anthology/collection/conference proceedings Marika Jalovaara , Suomen väestö, Marika Jal

Peer review of manuscripts Pekka Martikainen , International Journal of Epidemiology, Pekka Martikainen, 01.01.2000

Demographic Research, Pekka Martikainen, 01.01.200

European Journal of Public Health, Pekka Martikainen, 01.01.2005

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Pekka Martikainen, 2005

Social Science &

Epidemiology, Pekka Martikainen, 2006, United States dom

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Pekka Martikainen, 2007

Ethnicity and Health, Pekka Martikainen, 2008, United Kingdom

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Pekka Martikainen, 2008 Social Science & Medicine, Pekka Martikainen, 2008 Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, Pekka Martikainen, 2008

Demographic Research, Pekka Martikainen, 2009, Germany

Acta Sociologica, Pekka Martikainen, 2010 American Journal of Public Health, Pekka Martikainen, 2010 Population Studies, Pekka Martikainen, 2010, United Kingdom Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, Pekka Martikainen, 2010 Ari Haukkala ,

Journal of Psychosomatic Resear

Psy

BMC Publ

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,

American Journal of Epidemiology, Ari Haukkala, 2009 Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Social Science & Medicine, Ari Haukkala, 2009 American Journal of Epidemiology, Ari Haukkala, 2010 European Journal of Personality, Ari Haukkala, 2010 International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Ari Haukkala, 2010 Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Ari Haukkala, 2010 Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Ari Haukkala, 2010 Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakausilehti, Ari Haukkala, 2010 Eero Lahelma ,

Journal of Epidemiology and Community

American

United Kingdom

ited Kingdom

Ossi Rahkonen ,

American Journal of Epidemiology, Ossi Rahkonen, 2006, United States , United Kingdom

American Journal of Public Health, Ossi Rahkonen, 07.12.2008, United States International Journal of Epidemiology, Ossi Rahkonen, 02.02.2009, United Kingdom British Medical Journal, Ossi Rahkonen, 20.09.2010, United Kingdom International Journal of Epidemiology, Ossi Rahkonen, 29.12.2010 Social Science and Medicine, Ossi Rahkonen, 23.02.2010, United Kingdom Akseli Aittomäki ,

Are occupational factors important determinants for socio- The effects of work- Associations between cardiovascular disease and physical occupational demands and lifestyle factors among working people: a cross- sectional population- Houseviwes Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Journal of Epidemiology and Communit

Alcohol and A

Marika Jalovaara , The Sociol

Demography reviewer, Marika Jalovaara, 20.06.2010 Finnish Yearbook of Population Research: review, Marika Jalovaara, 19.10.2010 Population Studies reviewer, Marika Jalovaara, 03.09.2010, United Kingdom Population Studies reviewer, Marika Jalovaara, 15.12.2010, United Kingdom Social Science Research reviewer, Marika Jalovaara, 18.08.2010 Mikko Laaksonen , d Kingdom Lancet, Mikko Laaksonen, 01.01.200

Sosiaalilääketieteellinen Aikakauslehti, Mikko Laaksonen, 01.01.2005

Norway European Journal of Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2007 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2007 Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, Mikko Laaksonen, 2007 International Journal for Equity in Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2008 Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mikko Laaksonen, 2008 Psychology, Health & Medicine, Mikko Laaksonen, 2008 Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2008 European Journal of Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2009 Internationa International Journal of Epidemiology, Mikko Laaksonen, 2009 Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2009 Sosiaalilääketieteellinen Aikakauslehti, Mikko Laaksonen, 2009 BMC Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010 European Journal of Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010 Lancet, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010 Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010 Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010 Tea Lallukka ,

Health Psychology,

Scand Netta Mäki , Social Science & Medicine, Netta Mäki, 30.08.2008 BMC Public Health, Netta Mäki, 24.11.2010 CMAJ, Netta Mäki, 13.11.2010 Riikka Shemeikka , Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, Riikka Shemeikka, 06.10.2010 Hanna Konttinen , Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, Hanna Konttinen, 2008 Alcoholism: Clinical and Exp

Appetite, Hanna Konttinen, 2010 Tiina Jessica Nisén Peer review of a manuscript for Twin Research and Human Genetics, Tiina Jessica Nisén, Hanna Remes , Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Hanna Remes, 2009 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Hanna Remes, 2010 Petteri Sipilä , BMC Public

Assessment of candidates for academic posts Pekka Martikainen , Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Policy, University of Helsinki, Pekka Martikainen, 2010 Ari Haukkala , Assesment of candidates for academic posts, Ari Haukkala, 15.05.2005 Assesment of candidates for academic posts, Ari Haukkala, 08.2006 Assesment of candidates for academic posts, Ari Haukkala, 2007 Mikko Laaksonen , Docentship evaluator, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010

Membership or other role in review committee Pekka Martikainen , The Royal Society, Pekka Martikainen, 2005 Health Research Council of New Zealand, Pekka Martikainen, 2006

Swiss National Science Foundation, Pekka Martikainen, 2006 Wellcome Trust, Pek

Mikko Laaksonen , Grant assessment for Israel Science Foundation, Mikko Laaksonen, 2006, Israel Grant Assessment for the Health Research Board of Ireland, Mikko Laaksonen, 2010

Membership or other role in research network Marika Jalovaara ,

Register-Based Life Course Studies: Socio 31.12.2010 Register- Netta Mäki , Research member in the Euro-GBD-SE -project, Nett Hanna Konttinen ,

Petteri Sipilä , Member of The

Membership or other role in national/international committee, council, board Pekka Martikainen , European Association for Population Studies, Commitee for Elderly Living Ar 31.12.2005, Netherlands

Netherlands Yhyteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto, Pekka Martikai

Member of Population Association of America (PAA), Pekka Martikainen, 2010, United States Member of The Westermarck Society (the Finnish Sociological Society), Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Finland Member of the European Association of Population Studies (EAPS), Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Netherlands Member of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA), Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Netherlands Member of the Finnish Demographic Society, Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Finland Member of the International Epidemiological Association (IEA), Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Egypt Member of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), Pekka Martikainen, 2010, France Member of the Society of Social Medicine in Finland, Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Finland Ari Haukkala ,

Kansanterveyslaitoksen tupakkatyöryhmä, Kansanterveyslaitos, FINRISKI 2007 - 31.12.2005 .2005

Kansanterveyslaitoksen tupakkatyöryhmä, Ari Kansanterveyslaitos, FINRISKI 2007 - 31.12.2007 Sosiaalilääketieteellisen yhdistyksen käyttäytymislääketieteen jaos, Ari Haukka

Koulupohjaisen Syrjäytymiskehityksen ehkäisy (SYKE)/FRIENDS - Opintojen kehittämistoimikunta 2007-

Valtiotieteellisen tiedekunnan koulutuksen arvioinnin ohjausryhmä 2007-2008, Ari Haukkala, 01.01.200 Väestö, terveys ja elinolot - Eero Lahelma ,

Doctoral prog

Grant assessment Es

Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien, Skolbarns psykiska hälsa - 31.12.2008, Sweden

8, Sweden

Ossi Rahkonen ,

Sosiaalitieteiden valtakunnallinen tutkijakoulu, Ossi Rahkonen, 0

Väestö, terveys, elinolot - Sosiaalitieteiden valtakunnallinen tutkijako Karri Silventoinen ,

and Tapani Valkonen ,

FSD Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkiston johtokunta, Tapani Valkonen, 01.01.2005

Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian yhteiskuntatieteellinen ry

Väin Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua ,

Marika Jalovaara ,

Tea Lallukka ,

Suomen ravitsemustieteen yhdistys, Tea Lallukka, 01.01.1996

Finnish Epidemiological

Peppiina Saastamoinen , Sosiaalilääk

Suomen Epidemiologian Seura, Peppiina Saastamoinen, 01.01.200 Riikka Shemeikka ,

International Planned Parenthood (IPPF) -

31.12.2010, Finland

Scientific Committee: Community

Hanna Konttinen , Finbalt Health Monitor Project (Väestön terveyskäyttäytymisen seurannan yhteistyöprojekti Suomen ja Baltian maiden välillä), Hanna

Hanna Remes ,

Membership or other role in public Finnish or international organization Pekka Martikainen , Vanhustenhoidon hoitomuotojen ja kustannusten arviointia STAKESin CHESS- 31.12.2010, Finland Suomalaisten asumismuotojen ja siviilisäädyn terveydenvaikutusten arviointia, perustiedon tuottamista terveyden seurantaan; KTLn Terveyden- 1.12.2006, United Kingdom

Nation

Ministry of Finance, Pekka Martikainen, 2009, Finland

Rantala Pension Committee, Pekka Martikainen, 2009, Finland National Institute for health and welfare, Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Finland National Institute for health and welfare, Pekka Martikainen, 2010, Finland Ari Haukkala , Nuorten tupakoinnin vähentämiseen tähtäävän Terveys 2015 - 31.12.2005

Euroopan Eero Lahelma ,

PhD Committee,

Ossi Rahkonen ,

Membership or other role of body in private company/organisation Ari Haukkala ,

Marika Jalovaara ,

Tea Lallukka , Finnish Society for Nutrition Research, Tea

The Finnis

Riikka Shemeikka , Kalevi Sorsa - 31.12.2008, Finland

Participation in interview for written media Pekka Martikainen ,

'Unnatural causes: Is inequality making us sick?', Pekka Martikainen, 15.12.2007 Long-term care and the family, Pekka Martikainen, 11.05.2009 Sosioekonomiset kuolleisuuserot, Pekka Martikainen, 15.10.2010, Finland Suomen väestö ikääntyy, Pekka Martikainen, 17.11.2010, Finland Ari Haukkala ,

Vieraskynä- Oulun ja Espoon kaupungin työseminaari: lasten ja nuorten tupakoimattomuuden edistäminen ja tupakoinnin lopettaminen. Oulu, Ari Haukkala, 23.11.200 TUPAKOINTI TERVEYSTIEDON OPETUKSEN JA KOULULAISTEN TERVEYDEN EDISTÄMISEN HAASTEENA -KOULUTUS- JA KESKUSTELUILTAPÄIVÄ Länsi-Suomen lääninhallitus Esitys: Nuorten tupakointi ja tupakoinnin lopettaminen 5.2.2004 Kokkola, Ari Haukkala, nd Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Lehtihaastattelu. Viina tappaa perheettömiä miehiä, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 03.2007

Lehtihaastattelu raittiudesta ja alkoholista, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 03.2009 Lehtihaastattelu tipattomasta tammikuusta, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 01.2009 Haastattelu suomalaisesta alkoholikulttuurista alkoholin markkinointia ja viestintää pohtivaa kirjaa varten, Kimmo Jouko Kaar el Herttua, 06.2010 Lehtihaastattelu alkoholista, haitoista ja alkoholipolitiikasta, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 04.2010 Lehtihaastattelu alkoholista, haitoista ja alkoholipolitiikasta, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 04.2010 Netta Mäki , Kaikkien suomalaisten terveys kohenee, mutta täysin eri tahtia, Netta Mäki, 20.04.2009 Liian raskas elämä, Netta Mäki, 04.05.2010 Tappotahti - itsemurhien ja potkujen yhteys on vaikea todistaa, Netta Mäki, 07.03.2010 Riikka Shemeikka , Haastattelu: HIV-epidemia vaikuttaa huomattavasti Namibian väestön kokoon ja rakenteeseen. Toimittaja Riitta Saarinen (Interview: HIV influences the size and structure of Namibia's population), Riikka Shemeikka, 2006, Finland Haastattelu: Namibiassa joka neljännellä odottavalla äidillä on HIV. Toimittaja Anu Ala-Korpela., Riikka Shemeikka, 05.09.2006 Haastettelu: Joka viides raskaana oleva kantaa HI-virusta Namibiassa. Toimittaja Riitta Saarinen (interview: every fifth pregant women is HIV positive in Namibia), Riikka Shemeikka, 14.09.2006 Haastattelu: Miten pallon käy? Toimittaja Hanna Eriksson., Riikka Shemeikka, 23.04.2008 Haastattelu: Mitä nyt! Hupeneva seksi. Toimittaja Maaria Ylänkö., Riikka Shemeikka, 2008 Haastattelu: Väestö lasketaan kymmenen vuoden välein. Toimittaja Päivi Ängeslevä., Riikka Shemeikka, 2010, Finland

Participation in radio programme Pekka Martikainen ,

Ari Haukkala , Radio Interview, Ari Haukkala, 2005 Radio Interview:, Ari Haukkala, 26.08.2010, Finland Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Alcohol-related problems in Finland: social, economic and cultural implications, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 04.2007 Mikko Laaksonen , Haastattelu, Yle Radio Vega,, Mikko Laaksonen, 2007 Tea Lallukka , Radio, Tea Lallukka, 13.01.2005, Finland Radio, Tea Lallukka, 01.05.2005, Finland Radio ja lehti haastatteluja, Tea Lallukka, 10.05.2008, Finland Netta Mäki , Itsemurhia voidaan ehkäistä, Netta Mäki, 09.09.2010 Millaisia syitä itsemurhiin?, Netta Mäki, 29.06.2010 Riikka Shemeikka , Haastattelu: HIV lisää kuolleisuutta ja alentaa hedelmällisyyttä, radiotoimittaja Johanna Hietalahti., Riikka Shemeikka, 13.09.2006, Finland Hanna Konttinen , Radio Suomi, Ajantasa-ajankohtaislähetys, haastattelu, Hanna Konttinen, 26.08.2010 Elina Mäenpää , Ylen Aamun peili, Elina Mäenpää, 19.02.2008

Participation in TV programme Pekka Martikainen , Unnatural causes: Is inequality making us sick?, Pekka Martikainen, 12.2007, United States Ari Haukkala , Interview, Ari Haukkala, 26.08.2010, Finland Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Televisiohaastattelu alkoholista, haitoista ja alkoholipolitiikasta, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 04.2010 Mikko Laaksonen , Haastattelu, Alueelliset uutiset (Uusimaa), Mikko Laaksonen, 2007 Peppiina Saastamoinen , Radio ohjelmia ja TV-ohjelmia sekä useita lehtiä, Peppiina Saastamoinen, 02.05.2005, Finland Hanna Konttinen , MTV3 Seitsemän Uutiset, haastattelu, Hanna Konttinen, 26.08.2010 Nelosen Uutiset, haastattelu, Hanna Konttinen, 26.08.2010

Participation in interview for web based media Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua , Who have increased their alcohol consumption after the tax reduction, Kimmo Jouko Kaarel Herttua, 04.2007, Denmark Netta Mäki , Vähäinen koulutus lisää itsemurhariskiä, Netta Mäki, 03.03.2010 Riikka Shemeikka , Neljänneksellä Namibian odottavista äideistä hiv-tartunta., Riikka Shemeikka, 05.09.2006 INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Web of Science(WoS)-based bibliometrics of the RC’s publications data 1.1.2005-31.12.2010

by CWTS, Leiden University, the Netherlands

Research Group: Martikainen P

Basic statistics Number of publications (P) 245 Number of citations (TCS) 2,091 Number of citations per publication (MCS) 8.59 Percentage of uncited publications 24% Field-normalized number of citations per publication (MNCS) 1.47 Field-normalized average journal impact (MNJS) 1.45 Field-normalized proportion highly cited publications (top 10%) 1.71 Internal coverage .76

Trend analyses

MNCS

THCP10 MNJS

Collaboration

Performance (MNCS) by collaboration type INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF RESEARCH AND DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Web of Science(WoS)-based bibliometrics of the RC’s publications data 1.1.2005-31.12.2010

by CWTS, Leiden University, the Netherlands

Research profile

University of Helsinki Administrative Publications 80/123 Evaluations

ISBN 978-952-10-7543-8 (PDF) ISSN 1795-5513 (Online)

Internet address: http://www.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/aineisto/rc_evaluation2012/hallinnon_julkaisuja_80_123_2012.pdf