Cell Site Configuration

Agilent Wireless Installation and Maintenance Solutions

Cell site conﬁguration: BTS rack

RF module Baseband Hardware Issues module GPS or Over the Air Issues • Antenna external clock Control • Co-channel interference • Cable clock • Adjacent channel interference • Tower mounted amplifier (TMA) T1, E1, ATM, Transport Filter module Tx Rx1 Rx2 • External interference • Diplexer OC3, Ethernet • Intermodulation interference Jumpers • Duplexer UPS and Power • Coverage (antenna down-tilt, • Power amplifier battery band supply direction adjustment) • Filters Amp Filter • QoS issues (dropped calls, blocked calls) • Filter unit (power amplifier, low noise amplifier, filters) • Network congestion (access failures) • Radio unit (up and down converter) Amp Filter Cable • Traffic balancing • Tx spectrum emission mask • Data throughput • Tx peak-to-average ratio assembly Amp Filter

Task Flow of Rolling Out a Network

1. Band clearing 2. Network design 3. 4. 5. Site acquisition 6. 7. Site equipment install 8. 9. Network 10. Initial drive test 11. Optimization/Troubleshooting 12. Acceptance test E6474A, E6474A Choose Award E6474A, Site FieldFox (N9912A), BTS interconnection E6474A E6474A, FieldFox (N9912A), E6474A FieldFox (N9912A), infrastructure vendor FieldFox (N9912A), construction N9330B, N9340B, conﬁguration Agilent SART/DNA N9340B, and E7495B N9340B, and E7495B vendor contracts and N9330B E7495B, and power meter

Main Wireless Communication Channel Standards LAN MAN Watts vs. dBm Conversion Table Technology GSM/GPRS/EDGE/EDGE Evolution W-CDMA FDD (UMTS) TD-SCDMA cdmaOne (TIA/EIA-95A/B/C) cdma2000® WLAN IEEE 802.11a/b/g/h/j/n (MIMO) IEEE 802.16-2004 and 802.16e (WiMAX™) Power dBm Power dBm Power dBm PW Description Global system for mobile communications/ Wideband code division Time division-synchronous code cdmaOne system cdma2000: 1x radio transmission technology Wireless local area network (LAN) Wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) (W/mW) (W/mW) (W/mW) Convert Watts to dBm: P = 10 log General packet radio service/ multiple access division multiple access 1xEV-DO: 1x evolution data optimized high rate packet data 200 W 53 8 W 39 800 mW 29 dBm (0.001) Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution/ (Frequency division duplex) 100 W 50 6.4 W 38 640 mW 28 Enhancement to GSM/GPRS/EDGE 80 W 49 5 W 37 500 mW 27 Geography Worldwide, except Japan and Korea Worldwide China North America, Korea, Same as IS-95 (cdmaOne) plus S. America, Australia, India, China, Worldwide Worldwide 64 W 48 4 W 36 400 mW 26 other Asian countries Russia, some Africa (both), and some Europe (cdma2000 only) PdBm 50 W 47 3.2 W 35 320 mW 25 Frequency range T-GSM 380: 380.2 to 389.8 MHz (UL) P-GSM 900: 890 to 915 MHz (UL) Band I: 1920 to 1980 MHz (UL) a) 1900 to 1920 MHz (UL and DL) 824 to 849 MHz (MS Tx: US, Korea) Numerous bands covered: b/g: 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz (ISM) Licensed/Unlicensed bands, 2 to 11 GHz 10 40 W 46 2.5 W 34 250 mW 24 (UL/RL) = Uplink/Reverse 390.2 to 399.8 MHz (DL) 935 to 960 MHz (DL) 2110 to 2170 MHz (DL) 2010 to 2025 MHz (UL and DL) 869 to 894 MHz (BS Tx: US, Korea) IS-95 bands a/h/j: 4.9 to 5 GHz (Japan) (Typical: 2.3, 2.5, 3.5 GHz) Convert dBm to Watts: PW = 0.001(10 ) (DL/FL) = Downlink/Forward T-GSM 410: 410.2 to 419.8 MHz (UL) E-GSM 900: 880 to 915 MHz (UL) Band II: 1850 to 1910 MHz (UL) b)* 1850 to 1910 MHz (UL and DL) 5.03 to 5.091 GHz (Japan) 32 W 45 2 W 33 200 mW 23 NMT 450 band (BS) = Base station 420.2 to 429.8 MHz (DL) 925 to 960 MHz (DL) 1930 to 1990 MHz (DL) 1930 to 1990 MHz (UL and DL) 887 to 925 MHz (MS Tx: Japan) 5.15 to 5.35 GHz (UNII) 25 W 44 1.6 W 32 160 mW 22 (MS) = Mobile station GSM 450: 450.4 to 457.6 MHz (UL) R-GSM 900: 876 to 915 MHz (UL) Band III: 1710 to 1785 MHz (UL) c)* 1910 to 1930 MHz (UL and DL) 832 to 870 MHz (BS Tx: Japan) 411 to 483 MHz (MS Tx) 5.47 to 5.725 GHz 460.4 to 467.6 MHz (DL) 921 to 960 MHz (DL) 1805 to 1880 MHz (DL) d)** 2570 to 2620 MHz (UL and DL) 421 to 493 MHz (BS Tx) 5.725 to 5.825 GHz (ISM, UNII) 20 W 43 1.25 W 31 125 mW 21 GSM 480: 478.8 to 486 MHz (UL) T-GSM 900: 870.4 to 876 MHz (UL) Band IV: 1710 to 1755 MHz (UL) 1850 to 1910 MHz (MS Tx: US) n: 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz (ISM) 16 W 42 1 W 30 100 mW 20 *Used in ITU Region 2 800 MHz band 488.8 to 496 MHz (DL) 915.4 to 921 MHz (DL) 2110 to 2155 MHz (DL) 1930 to 1990 MHz (BS Tx: US) 5.15 to 5.35 GHz (UNII) **Used in ITU Region 1 12.5 W 41 10 mW 10 GSM 750: 747 to 762 MHz (UL) DCS 1800: 1710 to 1785 MHz (UL) Band V: 824 to 849 MHz (UL) IMT 2000 band 5.725 to 5.825 GHz (ISM, UNII) ITU recommendations as per 25.102 v7.7.0 1920 to 1980 MHz (MS Tx) 10 W 40 1 mW 0 777 to 792 MHz (DL) 1805 to 1880 MHz (DL) 869 to 894 MHz (DL) 1750 to 1780 MHz (MS Tx: Korea) GSM 850: 824 to 849 MHz (UL) PCS 1900: 1850 to 1910 MHZ (UL) Band VI: 830 to 840 MHz (UL) 1840 to 1870 MHz (BS Tx: Korea) 2110 to 2170 MHz (BS Tx) 869 to 894 MHz (DL) 1930 to 1990 MHz (DL) 875 to 885 MHz (DL) Based upon C.S0057 Channel spacing 200 kHz 5 MHz 1.6 MHz 1.23 MHz (US cellular band) 1.23 MHz (US cellular band) b: 25 MHz (non-overlapping), 1.25 to 20 MHz 1.25 MHz (other bands) 1.25 MHz (other bands) 10 MHz (overlapping) in North America; (Typical: 5, 7, 8.75, 10 MHz) 30 MHz (non-overlapping), Return Loss vs. VSWR Conversion Table 10 MHz (overlapping) in Europe Return Loss and VSWR g: 25 MHz Transmitted Return loss VSWR Return loss VSWR (dB) (dB) a/h: 20 MHz Incident A common method to test the antenna Source 46.1 1.01 19.1 1.25 j: 20 MHz, 10 MHz option feedline system: Cable assembly n: 20 or 40 MHz (based on region) 40.1 1.02 17.7 1.30 Reflected • Send a known, incident signal through it and measure the signals (traveling waves) that 36.6 1.03 16.5 1.35 Return loss VSWR are reflected back. 34.2 1.04 15.6 1.40 Ideal = Infinity Ideal = 1.0 • Determine the reflection characteristics of the 32.3 1.05 14.7 1.45 Good = 25 dB Equates to a VSWR = 1.12 feedline system by measuringTransmitted the amplitude 30.7 1.06 14.0 1.50 Incidentratios and phase differences between the 29.4 1.07 12.7 1.60 Source incident and reflected waves. Do more An efficient use of power is required to transmit Cable assembly 28.3 1.08 11.7 1.70 • Measuring these reflections gives a figure data from the BTS to a mobile phone: - X Reflected 27.3 1.09 10.9 1.80 with Agilent’s VReflected Return loss = 20 logof merit for evaluating the quality of the • The transmission = (lineV system) must be free of defects.(1+ IReturn I) losstransmissionVSWR feedline system called the 26.4 1.10 10.2 1.90 Wireless Incident VSWR = • Each transmission line imperfection, every connection,(1- I Ideal I) = Infinityreflection Idealcoefficient = 1.0 ( ). From the reflection 25.7 1.11 9.5 2.00 and the antenna itself will reflect some of the generatedGood = 25 coefficientdB Equates we can to calculate a VSWR =the 1.12 return loss 24.9 1.12 8.3 2.25 Installation and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) power back toward the source. 24.3 1.13 7.4 2.50 N9912A N9330B N9340B E7495B E6474A U2000 Series according to the following formulas: and Maintenance • Any reflected power will be absorbed by the transmission 23.7 1.14 6.6 2.75 Handheld Cable and Antenna Tester, 4 GHz Handheld RF Spectrum Analyzer, 3 GHz Wireless Base Station Drive Test Optimization Platform USB Power Sensors line system and source—this is an inefficient use of power. V Return loss = -20 X log FieldFox RF Analyzer, 4/6 GHz Reflected 23.1 1.15 6.0 3.00 Solutions Test Set, 2.7 GHz • The integrity of the transmission line system, including = ( V ) (1+ I I) Cable and Antenna Analyzer, Spectrum Incident VSWR = the antenna, must be tested. (1- I I) 20.8 1.20 5.5 3.25 Analyzer, Power Meter, and more

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