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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA VEGETAL LEVANTAMENTO DE LIQUENS FOLIOSOS (PARMELIACEAE) DO SEMIÁRIDO DE PERNAMBUCO – NE, BRASIL MARIA DE LOURDES LACERDA BURIL RECIFE, 2015 MARIA DE LOURDES LACERDA BURIL LEVANTAMENTO DE LIQUENS FOLIOSOS (PARMELIACEAE) DO SEMIÁRIDO DE PERNAMBUCO – NE, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal – Nível Doutorado, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para título de doutora. Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Eugênia Cristina Gonçalves Pereira RECIFE, 2015 Catalogação na Fonte: Bibliotecário Bruno Márcio Gouveia, CRB-4/1788 Buril, Maria de Lourdes Lacerda Levantamento de liquens foliosos (Parmeliaceae) do Semiárido de Pernambuco – NE, Brasil / Maria de Lourdes Lacerda Buril. – Recife: O Autor, 2015. 314 f.: il. Orientadora: Eugênia Cristina Gonçalves Pereira Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, 2015. Inclui referências e anexos 1. Liquens 2. Caatinga I. Pereira, Eugênia Cristina Gonçalves (orient.) II. Título. 579.7 CDD (22.ed.) 336-2016 MARIA DE LOURDES LACERDA BURIL LEVANTAMENTO DE LIQUENS FOLIOSOS (PARMELIACEAE) DO SEMIÁRIDO DE PERNAMBUCO – NE, BRASIL APROVADA em : 27/02/2015 BANCA EXAMINADORA: ___________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Eugênia Cristina Gonçalves Pereira (orientadora) ___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Pinto Marcelli ___________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Leonor Costa Maia ___________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Laíse de Holanda Cavalcanti Andrade ___________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Kátia Cavalcanti Pôrto ___________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Iva Carneiro Leão Barros (suplente interno) ___________________________________________________ Dr.ª Rocío Santiago Tejero (suplente externo) RECIFE, PE 2015 “Do or do not. There is no try.” Yoda AGRADECIMENTOS À força superior que tudo rege, por tudo que já vivi e por tudo que me foi dado até hoje, e por me dar mais esse momento tão desejado e aguardado. Há muitas pessoas com as quais cruzei durante meu doutorado e minha vida que me ajudaram e me fizeram chegar aqui, e a todas agradeço muito, inclusive por me tornarem quem sou. Algumas pessoas estiveram mais ligadas à minha vida nesses quatro anos e a todo esse caminho do doutorado, a quem quero especialmente agradecer: À minha família, por sempre estarem do meu lado e me apoiarem em todas as decisões da minha vida acadêmica, em especial aos meus avós, Lourdinha e Maurício Lacerda e Ivaldo e Cleide Buril, que agora devem estar se reencontrando no céu. Ao Marcelo Luna, meu noivo, que me acompanha e me ajuda em todos momentos da minha vida desde a nossa graduação. À Profa. Eugênia Pereira e ao Prof. Marcelo Marcelli, a quem devo muito por toda a orientação e todo conhecimento científico (e de vida) passado. Aprendi muito e espero aprender cada vez mais com vocês. Agradeço muito por tê-los conhecido e os admiro muito! Também ao prof. Nicácio da Silva, sempre paciente e disposto a me ensinar química de liquens, técnicas de laboratório e a como sobreviver no meio acadêmico! Obrigada por toda a atenção e espaço que me deu no Laboratório de Produtos Naturais. À Bianca Regina da Hora, sempre solícita em me oferecer estadia em São Paulo, por sua hospitalidade, conversas liquenológicas, ensinamentos e amizade. Um agradecimento especial a Luana Monteiro, que também me ajudou muito e me forneceu estadia e bons momentos em São Paulo. A todos os amigos do Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, em especial a Mônica Martins, pela amizade, conversas científicas (e tantas outras mais) e horas de laboratório juntos. Ao prof. Fernando Mota, Edvaldo Dias, Keyla Alencar, Bruno Rodrigues, Helena Silva e Mônica Martins pela companhia nas coletas de campo. Ao IBt-Instituto de Botânica e ao IML- Instituto Marcelli de Liquenologia pela infra- estrutura oferecida durante minhas visitas ao prof. Marcelli em São Paulo, para execução de várias etapas do doutorado, como identificação, descrição e testes de cromatografia do material. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, à UFPE e ao Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, pela infraestrutura e suporte oferecidos durante todo o doutorado. À FACEPE, pela bolsa de doutorado concedida. RESUMO O semiárido brasileiro, apesar de ocupar aproximadamente 11% do território brasileiro, tem recebido pouca atenção para a conservação da sua heterogênea paisagem, em particular a caatinga, a única grande região natural brasileira cujos limites estão inteiramente circunscritos ao país. Um dos principais mitos era que esse ecossistema era pobre em espécies e endemismos, mesmo quando comparados com outras biotas de regiões semiáridas do mundo. No entanto, estudos recentes na zoologia, botânica e micologia têm mostrado um alto grau de riqueza nesse Domínio. Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento de fungos liquenizados foliosos do semiárido do estado de Pernambuco, com ênfase na família Parmeliaceae. Foram coletados liquens foliosos de galhos, ramos e troncos de arbustos, arvoretas e árvores e de rochas graníticas, sedimentares e basálticas, bem como eventuais liquens foliosos crescendo sobre outro substrato. O material foi analisado em microscópio estereoscópico e óptico e submetido a reações de spot com os reagentes K, C, KC, P e luz UV, além de ensaios de cromatografia em camada delgada (TLC) e identificados com metodologia adequada. Foram identificadas 74 espécies: 37 de Parmotrema, sete de Bulbothrix, sete de Xanthoparmelia, seis de Hypotrachyna, três de Canoparmelia, três de Pseudoparmelia, duas de Crespoa, duas de Flavoparmelia, duas de Relicina, duas de Vainia, uma de Parmelinopsis e uma de Parmelinella. Destas, 17 eram citadas para o semiárido pernambucano, 3 são novas ocorrências para o domínio semiárido e 24 espécies são novas: Bulbothrix punctulata, Flavoparmelia eugeniae, Hypotrachyna columnata, H. pernacrassa, H. semiarida, Parmotrema austroamericanum, P. caatingense, P. cangaceirum, P. catimbauense, P. deminutum, P. lampianum, P. leonorae, P. nicacioi, P. petricolum, P. semiaridum, P. subandinum, P. sublagenicum, P. xericum, Pseudoparmelia pernambucensis, Xanthoparmelia dilatata, X. nicacioi, X. pernambucensis, Vainia marcellii e V. pernambucana. A diversidade encontrada demonstra a grande riqueza existente no semiárido pernambucano e indica que ainda há muito para ser explorado e descoberto na região. Palavras-chave: Caatinga, brejo de altitude, Catimbau, Parmotrema, fungos liquenizados, Liquens ABSTRACT The Brazilian semiarid, despite occupying approximately 11% of the Brazilian territory, has received little attention to the conservation of its heterogeneous landscape, particularly the caatinga, the only major Brazilian natural region whose boundaries are entirely restricted to the national territory. A major myth was that the ecosystem was poor in endemic species even when compared with other world’s semiarid regions’ biota. However, recent studies in zoology, botany and mycology have shown a high degree of richness in this domain. This work presents a survey of foliose lichenized fungi from the semiarid of the state of Pernambuco, with an emphasis on family Parmeliaceae. Foliose lichens growing on twigs, branches and trunks of shrubs, saplings and trees and granitic, sedimentary and basaltic rocks were collected, as well as any foliose lichens growing on any other substrate. The material was analyzed on stereoscopic and optical microscope and subjected to spot tests with K, C, K, P and UV light reagents, as well as TLC (thin layer chromatography) and identified with appropriate methodology. We identified 74 species, these being: 37 Parmotrema, seven Bulbothrix, seven Xanthoparmelia, six Hypotrachyna, three Canoparmelia, three Pseudoparmelia, two Crespoa, two Flavoparmelia, two Relicina, two Vainia, one Parmelinopsis and one Parmelinella. 17 were already cited for the semiarid region of Pernambuco, 33 are new occurrences to this domain and 24 are new species: Bulbothrix punctulata, Flavoparmelia eugeniae, Hypotrachyna columnata, H. pernacrassa, H. semiarida, Parmotrema austroamericanum, P. caatingense, P. cangaceirum, P. catimbauense, P. deminutum, P. lampianum, P. leonorae, P. nicacioi, P. petricolum, P. semiaridum, P. subandinum, P. sublagenicum, P. xericum, Pseudoparmelia pernambucensis, Xanthoparmelia dilatata, X. nicacioi, X. pernambucensis, Vainia marcellii and V. pernambucana. This diversity demonstrates the great richness found in Pernambuco’s semiarid and indicates that there is still much to be explored and discovered on this region. Key-words: Caatinga, Caatinga enclaves moist forests, Catimbau, Parmotrema, lichenized fungi, Lichens SUMÁRIO 1. APRESENTAÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 13 2. FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRICA ................................................................................. 14 2.1. O semiárido pernambucano ............................................................................................... 14 2.2. A Família Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827) ........................................................................... 18 3. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .......................................................................... 20 4. MANUSCRITO A SER SUBMETIDO A FUNGAL BIOLOGY ...................................
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