DOCSLIB.ORG

After the North Korean Nuclear Breakthrough: Compliance Or Confrontation? Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°62, 30 April 2007 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
After the North Korean Nuclear Breakthrough: Compliance Or Confrontation? Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°62, 30 April 2007 2 Policy Briefing Asia Briefing N°62 Seoul/Brussels, 30 April 2007 After the North Korea Nuclear Breakthrough: Compliance or Confrontation? I. OVERVIEW comprehensive, phased, negotiated settlement is still the best way of convincing the North to give up its nuclear weapons. The North Korea nuclear talks finally achieved a breakthrough on 13 February 2007, when the six parties The “Actions for Actions” format of the 13 February struck a general denuclearisation deal. Pyongyang agreed deal is the right strategy but the follow-on phases are to dismantle its nuclear facility at Yongbyon and admit conspicuously vague, with only the general statement International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors that the North will receive 950,000 tons of fuel oil upon within 60 days in exchange for energy aid and security full denuclearisation. The U.S., South Korea, China and assurances. Many vital details must be settled by further Japan now need to put forth a detailed, comprehensive talks, and that first deadline has passed without the North offer for the second and subsequent phases – and back yet admitting the inspectors. Although it has said it will that offer with a credible threat of coercive measures within 30 days, the fear has been raised that the deal may should Pyongyang renege on the deal. prove another failed attempt to bring Pyongyang into the international mainstream. However, the U.S. and other In November 2004, Crisis Group proposed an eight-step, members of the six-party talks should continue to push phased negotiations process that specified the rewards forward by adopting and putting forward a serious, phased the North would receive in exchange for dismantling negotiation strategy that offers specific economic rewards its nuclear program. With only slight modifications, it and security assurances for specific actions taken by the remains the best strategy for achieving denuclearisation. North to achieve denuclearisation. Now that the process is in motion, it is time to continue on to the more difficult steps. The roadmap should look like this: While the 13 February deal was very much a step in 1. Verified freeze of Yongbyon in exchange for the the right direction, it nevertheless offers more questions funds which have now been unfrozen and 50,000 than answers. Critical details, such as a timetable for tons of fuel oil. denuclearisation, remain to be worked out. It will take time to overcome six decades of enmity and mistrust between 2. Energy planning in exchange for declaration of the U.S. and North Korea. Convincing Pyongyang to nuclear programs. give up its nuclear card, which it may see as the ultimate 3. Energy provision in exchange for signatures and guarantee for regime survival, will certainly be difficult. access. The stalling of implementation due to delay in freeing up the North Korean funds at Macao’s Banco Delta Asia 4. Rehabilitation and relief in exchange for agreed (BDA) illustrates how seemingly simple steps can become dismantlement. obstacles that tie up the whole process. Despite the 5. Aid and lifting of UN sanctions in exchange for challenges and uncertainties, however, resolving the dismantlement. nuclear issue is vital for regional peace and stability. 6. Security assurances in exchange for weapons and The 13 February deal has been criticised in the U.S. highly-enriched-uranium (HEU) declarations. Conservatives accused President George W. Bush of 7. International financial institution (IFI) preparations rewarding North Korea for conducting a nuclear test on in exchange for HEU commitments. 9 October 2006, while Democrats said the deal was little different from the Agreed Framework his predecessor 8. Liaison offices and normalisation in exchange for negotiated in 1994 and which collapsed in 2002. Many conclusive verification. expressed scepticism about whether the North intends to Given North Korea’s history of breaking international give up its nuclear program. Despite the ambiguities and agreements and the value it places on its nuclear program, uncertainties, the agreement is a preliminary step toward any offer should incorporate stringent verification processes. resolving the North Korean nuclear problem. A It should also identify appropriate coercive measures as the After the North Korean Nuclear Breakthrough: Compliance or Confrontation? Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°62, 30 April 2007 2 price of default on promises – normally sanctions, but not uranium enrichment program or call on the North to excluding, in an extreme case like an attempt to transfer account for its existing nuclear weapons. nuclear material to another country or non-state actor, the use of military force. Resolving the nuclear issue must The 13 February deal represented a reversal of policy by remain the top priority, with other important issues the Bush administration, which until October 2006 had such as human rights violations, economic openings and refused to engage in bilateral talks or make a concrete offer conventional arms, set aside until denuclearisation is to the North. The change first became apparent when the achieved. Negotiations with North Korea are invariably U.S. contacted the North Korean embassy in Beijing in difficult; nevertheless, a comprehensive, phased negotiation December 2006 regarding a bilateral meeting, with the strategy offers the best chance of achieving denuclearisation. two sides holding discussions in the Chinese capital at the end of that month. In January 2007, the envoys again met outside the six-party framework, this time in Berlin, to II. FROM NUCLEAR BREAKOUT TO discuss the outlines of what became the foundation for BREAKTHROUGH the 13 February accord. The deal was reached because Pyongyang and Washington A. THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION DISCOVERS found themselves facing a situation of mutual need. Feeling the pinch of the financial crackdown undertaken by FLEXIBILITY Washington in September 2005, the North steadfastly insisted that unfreezing its bank accounts in Macao was After three years of talks during which North Korea tested a precondition for resuming the nuclear talks. Meanwhile, 1 both long-range missiles (July 2006) and a nuclear device the U.S. found itself mired in a deepening bloodbath in 2 (October 2006), the six-party talks finally produced a Iraq and facing a series of setbacks in the Middle East breakthrough on 13 February 2007. According to that and Afghanistan. In the wake also of the Republican Party day’s Joint Statement, North Korea agreed to shut down losses in the November 2006 midterm elections, the Bush its Yongbyon nuclear reactor and reprocessing plant and administration desperately needed a diplomatic victory.5 allow IAEA inspectors to monitor and verify this process As an observer put it, the 13 February deal was “one small 3 within 60 days. step for diplomacy, one giant leap for Bush”.6 In return, the North would receive energy aid equivalent Despite the breakthrough, critics have accused Bush 4 to 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil. The U.S. also agreed to of giving in to “nuclear blackmail”,7 and many remain resolve the issue of $25 million in North Korean frozen sceptical as to whether North Korea will uphold its end of assets at Macao’s Banco Delta Asia within 30 days. The the deal.8 Its policy reversal, particularly its retreat regarding statement created five working groups, each of which the Macao money laundering and counterfeiting was to meet within 30 days, to discuss a range of issues: investigation and consent to allow Ethiopia to purchase denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula, normalisation arms from North Korea in January 2007,9 suggest how of U.S.-North Korea relations, normalisation of Japan- eager Washington was for a denuclearisation deal and the North Korea relations, economic and energy cooperation extent it was willing to go to accommodate the North to and establishment of a North East Asia peace and security make one happen. mechanism. After these initial steps were implemented, the sixth round of the six-party talks was to start on 19 March 2007, with a ministerial meeting to follow. Much remains not only to be implemented but also to be negotiated. The second phase calls for North Korea to make a “declaration of all nuclear programs and disablement of all existing nuclear facilities” in return for 950,000 tons of fuel oil. However, the Joint Statement 5 Glenn Kessler and Edward Cody, “U.S. flexibility credited does not specifically mention the North’s suspected in nuclear deal with N. Korea”, The Washington Post, 14 February 2007; David E. Sanger, “Outside pressures snapped Korean deadlock”, The New York Times, 14 February 2007. 1 See Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°52, After North Korea’s 6 Jack Pritchard, “North Korea Update”, Korea Insight, Korea Missile Launch: Are the Nuclear Talks Dead?, 9 August 2006. Economic Institute, March 2007. 2 See Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°56, North Korea’s Nuclear 7 “Faith-based nonproliferation”, The Wall Street Journal, 14 Test: The Fallout, 13 November 2006. February 2007. 3 “Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement”, 8 “Nuclear bargaining”, The Washington Post, 14 February U.S. State Department, www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2007/February 2007.0 /80479.htm. 9 Michael R. Gordon and Mark Mazzetti, “North Koreans arm 4 Ibid. Ethiopians as U.S. assents”, The New York Times, 8 April 2007. After the North Korean Nuclear Breakthrough: Compliance or Confrontation? Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°62, 30 April 2007 3 B. THE NEW DEAL: (VAGUE) ACTIONS FOR North Korea by insisting that the issue of kidnapped ACTIONS Japanese citizens be resolved before normalisation, and North Korea demanded an apology for Japanese At first glance, the 13 February agreement appears little colonisation of the Korean peninsula. Talks ended after different from the 1994 Agreed Framework which a mere 45 minutes on the second day with no date set for collapsed in 2002: Both demand a “freeze” of North future meetings.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Feminine Style in the Pursuit of Political Power
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Talk “Like a Man”: Feminine Style in the Pursuit of Political Power DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Political Science by Jennifer J. Jones Dissertation Committee: Professor Kristen Monroe, Chair Professor Marty Wattenberg Professor Michael Tesler 2017 Chapter 4 c 2016 American Political Science Association and Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with permission. All other materials c 2017 Jennifer J. Jones TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CURRICULUM VITAE viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 5 2.1 Social Identity and Its Effect on Social Cognition . 6 2.1.1 Stereotypes and Expectations . 9 2.1.2 Conceptualizing Gender in US Politics . 13 2.2 Gender and Self-Presentation in US Politics . 16 2.2.1 Masculine Norms of Interaction in Institutional Settings . 16 2.2.2 Political Stereotypes and Leadership Prototypes . 18 2.3 The Impact of Political Communication in Electoral Politics . 22 2.4 Do Women Have to Talk Like Men to Be Considered Viable Leaders? . 27 3 Methods: Words are Data 29 3.1 Approaches to Studying Language . 30 3.2 Analyzing Linguistic Style . 34 3.2.1 Gendered Communication and the Feminine/Masculine Ratio . 37 3.2.2 Comparison with Other Coding Schemes . 39 3.3 Approaches to Studying Social Perception and Attitudes . 40 3.3.1 The Link Between Linguistic Style and Implicit Associations . 42 4 The Linguistic Styles of Hillary Clinton, 1992–2013 45 4.1 The Case of Hillary Clinton .
    [Show full text]
  • Fall Cover 2003A
    Home Economics A Century of Scholarship Frames the Future Washington State 1903– University 2003 HOME ECONOMICS CELEBRATES 100 YEARS! pages 16–23 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE & HOME ECONOMICS ALUMNI & FRIENDS C ONNECTIONS — F alL 2003 Meet Bob Scholes DATES TO REMEMBER August 30 Idaho vs. WSU—Seahawks obert Scholes began duties as as my prior Stadium interim Development Coordinator jobs.” R September for the College of Agriculture and While 6 Notre Dame vs. WSU in Home Economics on March 3. He Scholes South Bend, IN will oversee the college’s annual giving may be 13 Colorado vs. WSU— program, including Call-A-Coug tele- new to Colorado marketing and direct mail fundraising. the job, 20 New Mexico vs. WSU— He will also be responsible for Presi- he knows Pullman dents Associates (gifts of $1000 and exactly 20 Second Annual Alumni more) as well as alumni relations and how chal- Weekend—Agricultural production of the college’s magazine lenging and Resource Economics Connections. fundraising 25–27 WSU Home Economics Bob, who has a Bachelor of Science can be. He Robert Scholes Centennial Celebration degree from Washington State Univer- participated 27 Oregon vs. WSU—Oregon sity in physical science, is continuing in the Trans-America Bicycle Trek to October his education by pursuing a second help benefit the American Lung Asso- 4 Arizona vs. WSU— degree in civil engineering. ciation. To participate in the trek each Homecoming, Pullman Prior to joining the College of Agri- rider was required to raise a minimum 18 Stanford vs. WSU— culture and Home Economics Alumni of $5000.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2014 Commencement Program
    TE TA UN S E ST TH AT I F E V A O O E L F A DITAT DEUS N A E R R S I O Z T S O A N Z E I A R I T G R Y A 1912 1885 ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT AND CONVOCATION PROGRAM Spring 2014 May 12 - 16, 2014 THE NATIONAL ANTHEM THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER O say can you see, by the dawn’s early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. O say does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? ALMA MATER ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Where the bold saguaros Raise their arms on high, Praying strength for brave tomorrows From the western sky; Where eternal mountains Kneel at sunset’s gate, Here we hail thee, Alma Mater, Arizona State. —Hopkins-Dresskell MAROON AND GOLD Fight, Devils down the field Fight with your might and don’t ever yield Long may our colors outshine all others Echo from the buttes, Give em’ hell Devils! Cheer, cheer for A-S-U! Fight for the old Maroon For it’s Hail! Hail! The gang’s all here And it’s onward to victory! Students whose names appear in this program have completed degree requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Campbell Takes Office As Canada's First Female Premier June 26, 1993| from Reuters
    http://articles.latimes.com/1993-06-26/news/mn-7402_1_kim-campbell Campbell Takes Office as Canada's First Female Premier June 26, 1993| From Reuters OTTAWA — Kim Campbell, a 46-year-old lawyer, took office Friday as Canada's first female prime minister in a bold bid by the ruling Conservatives to recover popularity in time to win elections this year. Campbell, the first Canadian prime minister born after World War II, promised to restore Canadians' faith in government by bringing in a new generation of leaders to deal with severe unemployment and soaring government deficits. She quickly moved to distance herself from her unpopular predecessor, Brian Mulroney, by slashing the Cabinet size by almost one-third and reshuffling departments to focus on new jobs, public security and maintaining Canada's health service. "It is crucial to close the distance between Canadians and their government," she said after her swearing-in. "Canadians want their government to help them, not hinder them, in the process of economic renewal," she told a news conference. "A smaller Cabinet is a more efficient and more effective instrument to discuss, to decide, to lead." Mulroney retired as Canada's most disliked postwar leader after almost nine years in office to allow a fresh face to lead his party into a general election that must be called by November. Campbell named her main rival for leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party, Quebec native Jean Charest, as her deputy prime minister and minister of industry and consumer affairs. Charest was also charged with regional development in the French-speaking province that is key to winning a majority.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Leadership—Perspectives and Practices
    Public Leadership Perspectives and Practices Public Leadership Perspectives and Practices Edited by Paul ‘t Hart and John Uhr Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/public_leadership _citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Public leadership pespectives and practices [electronic resource] / editors, Paul ‘t Hart, John Uhr. ISBN: 9781921536304 (pbk.) 9781921536311 (pdf) Series: ANZSOG series Subjects: Leadership Political leadership Civic leaders. Community leadership Other Authors/Contributors: Hart, Paul ‘t. Uhr, John, 1951- Dewey Number: 303.34 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by John Butcher Images comprising the cover graphic used by permission of: Victorian Department of Planning and Community Development Australian Associated Press Australian Broadcasting Corporation Scoop Media Group (www.scoop.co.nz) Cover graphic based on M. C. Escher’s Hand with Reflecting Sphere, 1935 (Lithograph). Printed by University Printing Services, ANU Funding for this monograph series has been provided by the Australia and New Zealand School of Government Research Program. This edition © 2008 ANU E Press John Wanna, Series Editor Professor John Wanna is the Sir John Bunting Chair of Public Administration at the Research School of Social Sciences at The Australian National University. He is the director of research for the Australian and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CHRETIEN LEGACY Introduction .................................................. i The Chr6tien Legacy R eg W hitaker ........................................... 1 Jean Chr6tien's Quebec Legacy: Coasting Then Stickhandling Hard Robert Y oung .......................................... 31 The Urban Legacy of Jean Chr6tien Caroline Andrew ....................................... 53 Chr6tien and North America: Between Integration and Autonomy Christina Gabriel and Laura Macdonald ..................... 71 Jean Chr6tien's Continental Legacy: From Commitment to Confusion Stephen Clarkson and Erick Lachapelle ..................... 93 A Passive Internationalist: Jean Chr6tien and Canadian Foreign Policy Tom K eating ......................................... 115 Prime Minister Jean Chr6tien's Immigration Legacy: Continuity and Transformation Yasmeen Abu-Laban ................................... 133 Renewing the Relationship With Aboriginal Peoples? M ichael M urphy ....................................... 151 The Chr~tien Legacy and Women: Changing Policy Priorities With Little Cause for Celebration Alexandra Dobrowolsky ................................ 171 Le Petit Vision, Les Grands Decisions: Chr~tien's Paradoxical Record in Social Policy M ichael J. Prince ...................................... 199 The Chr~tien Non-Legacy: The Federal Role in Health Care Ten Years On ... 1993-2003 Gerard W . Boychuk .................................... 221 The Chr~tien Ethics Legacy Ian G reene ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prime Ministers and Government Spending: a Retrospective by Jason Clemens and Milagros Palacios
    FRASER RESEARCH BULLETIN May 2017 Prime Ministers and Government Spending: A Retrospective by Jason Clemens and Milagros Palacios Summary however, is largely explained by the rapid drop in expenditures following World War I. This essay measures the level of per-person Among post-World War II prime ministers, program spending undertaken annually by each Louis St. Laurent oversaw the largest annual prime minister, adjusting for inflation, since average increase in per-person spending (7.0%), 1870. 1867 to 1869 were excluded due to a lack though this spending was partly influenced by of inflation data. the Korean War. Per-person spending spiked during World Our current prime minister, Justin Trudeau, War I (under Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden) has the third-highest average annual per-per- but essentially returned to pre-war levels once son spending increases (5.2%). This is almost the war ended. The same is not true of World a full percentage point higher than his father, War II (William Lyon Mackenzie King). Per- Pierre E. Trudeau, who recorded average an- person spending stabilized at a permanently nual increases of 4.5%. higher level after the end of that war. Prime Minister Joe Clark holds the record The highest single year of per-person spend- for the largest average annual post-World ing ($8,375) between 1870 and 2017 was in the War II decline in per-person spending (4.8%), 2009 recession under Prime Minister Harper. though his tenure was less than a year. Prime Minister Arthur Meighen (1920 – 1921) Both Prime Ministers Brian Mulroney and recorded the largest average annual decline Jean Chretien recorded average annual per- in per-person spending (-23.1%).
    [Show full text]
  • The New Process for Judicial Appointments to the Supreme Court of Canada
    THE NEW PROCESS FOR JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS TO THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA Report of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights Anthony Housefather Chair FEBRUARY 2017 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. The absolute privilege that applies to the proceedings of the House of Commons does not extend to these permitted reproductions. Where a reproduction includes briefs to a Standing Committee of the House of Commons, authorization for reproduction may be required from the authors in accordance with the Copyright Act. Nothing in this permission abrogates or derogates from the privileges, powers, immunities and rights of the House of Commons and its Committees. For greater certainty, this permission does not affect the prohibition against impeaching or questioning the proceedings of the House of Commons in courts or otherwise. The House of Commons retains the right and privilege to find users in contempt of Parliament if a reproduction or use is not in accordance with this permission.
    [Show full text]
  • President Clinton's Meetings & Telephone Calls with Foreign
    President Clinton’s Meetings & Telephone Calls with Foreign Leaders, Representatives, and Dignitaries from January 23, 1993 thru January 19, 20011∗ 1993 Telephone call with President Boris Yeltsin of Russia, January 23, 1993, White House declassified in full Telephone call with Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel, January 23, 1993, White House Telephone call with President Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine, January 26, 1993, White House declassified in full Telephone call with President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, January 29, 1993, White House Telephone call with Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel of Turkey, February 1, 1993, White House Meeting with Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel of Germany, February 4, 1993, White House Meeting with Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada, February 5, 1993, White House Meeting with President Turgut Ozal of Turkey, February 8, 1993, White House Telephone call with President Stanislav Shushkevich of Belarus, February 9, 1993, White House declassified in full Telephone call with President Boris Yeltsin of Russia, February 10, 1993, White House declassified in full Telephone call with Prime Minister John Major of the United Kingdom, February 10, 1993, White House Telephone call with Chancellor Helmut Kohl of Germany, February 10, 1993, White House declassified in full Telephone call with UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, February 10, 1993, White House 1∗ Meetings that were only photo or ceremonial events are not included in this list. Meeting with Foreign Minister Michio Watanabe of Japan, February 11, 1993,
    [Show full text]
  • The Right Honourable Kim Campbell, P
    The Right Honourable Kim Campbell PC, CC, OBC, QC --served as Canada’s nineteenth and first female Prime Minister in 1993. She previously held cabinet portfolios as Minister of State for Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Minister of Justice and Attorney General, and Minister of National Defence and Minister of Veterans’ Affairs. She was the first woman to hold the Justice and Defence portfolios, and the first woman to be Defence Minister of a NATO country. Ms. Campbell participated in major international meetings including the Commonwealth, NATO, the G-7 Summit, and the United Nations General Assembly. After her tenure as Prime Minister, Campbell was a fellow at the Institute of Politics (Spring 1994) and the Joan Shorenstein Center for the Study of Press and Politics (1994-1995) at the Harvard Photo by Cooper & O’Hara Kennedy School. She served as the Canadian Consul General in Los Angeles (1996-2000), then returned to Harvard to teach at the Center for Public Leadership at the Kennedy School (2001- 2004). Ms. Campbell is a founding member of the Club of Madrid, an organization of former heads of government and state who work to promote democratic values. She served as Secretary General (2004- 2006). She also served as its Acting President in 2002, its Vice President in 2003-2004, and served on its Board of Directors from 2007-2011. She served as chair of the steering committee for the World Movement for Democracy from 2008-2015. Campbell is a member and chair emerita of the Council of Women World Leaders (1999-2003). The Council’s membership consists of women who hold or have held the office of President or Prime Minister.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenville, MS 38702-1873 with Your Continued Service to Those in Need, Especially the Children
    NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF JUNIOR AUXILIARIES, INC. 845 South Main Street Greenville, Mississippi 38701 Mailing Address: Post Office Box 1873 Greenville, Mississippi 38702-1873 Telephone: (662) 332-3000 Facsimile: (662) 332-3076 E-Mail: [email protected] Web site: www.najanet.org Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NAJAinc Follow us on Twitter: najainc Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/najainc/ LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/groups/National-Association-Junior-Auxiliaries-Inc-4502392 The Junior Auxiliary membership list provided in this Bulletin is for the use of the Junior Auxiliary only and cannot be used for promotion of any activity unrelated to the Junior Auxiliary. “The Junior Auxiliary membership list shall not be made available for commercial purposes or for the purpose of solicitation.” Association Standing Rules I. Association. C. Fund Raising and Contributions. Junior Auxiliary Prayer Send us, O God, as Thy messengers to the hearts without a home, to lives without love, to the crowds without a guide. Send us to the children whom none have blessed, to the famished whom none have visited, to the fallen whom none have lifted, to the bereaved whom none have comforted. Kindle Thy flame on the altars of our hearts, that others may be warmed thereby; cause Thy light to shine in our souls, that others may see the way; keep our sympathies and insight ready, our wills keen, our hands quick to help others in their need. Grant us clear vision, true judgment, with great daring as we seek to right the wrong; and so endow us with cheer- ful love that we may minister to the suffering and forlorn even as Thou wouldst.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Political Leadership and Media Visibility: Globe and Mail Coverage of Conservative Party of Canada Leadership Contests
    Gender, Political Leadership and Media Visibility: Globe and Mail Coverage of Conservative Party of Canada Leadership Contests LINDA TRIMBLE1 University of Alberta Introduction When women seek the leadership of competitive political parties, does their sex influence their news visibility throughout the campaign? Or is the amount and prominence of a leadership candidate’s news coverage determined by their competitiveness and standing in the race? To date, studies examining the relationship between gender and the amount of news coverage a candidate receives have provided inconclusive results. While some studies indicate a gender gap in news visibility, others sug- gest women are not disadvantaged relative to men and indeed may attract more news attention because of their sex. If gender parity in the amount of coverage of similarly situated candidates can be established, then it is likely that factors other than the sex of the candidate are shaping the quantity and placement of news coverage. This paper examines the relationship between the sex of the party leadership candidates and their visibility in news reports by performing a content analysis of Globe and Mail coverage of each of the three Con- servative Party of Canada leadership races featuring “high quality”2 female contenders: Flora MacDonald in 1976, Kim Campbell in 1993 and Belinda Stronach in 2004. While the three case studies are similar in three respects—political party, news source and the presence of a female candidate—they reflect important differences in the nature, competitive- ness and importance of the leadership race, the political context for women and the success of the female candidate.
    [Show full text]