Index

Acanthoscelides obtectus, pheromone Agrotis segetum, 71,74-75, 168-9, of,356 228,254 Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zell.), Airborne pheromones, condensation warning system for, 430 apparatus for recovery of, Actias selene, 4 246-7 Activated charcoal, 81 Airborne volatiles Activation profiles, 147 apparatus for collection of, 266 Acyrthosiphon pisum, 53 collection of, 242 Acyrthosiphon solani, 53 Alarm pheromone, 100--1 ADAS (Agricultural Development Amathes c-nigrium, 168-172, 229 and Advisory Service), 430 American bollworm, see Heliothis Adoxophyes orana (F. v. R.) 89, armigera 104, 144, 168, 174,209, Amorbia cuneana, 229 410,417 Amplifier, 134-5 initiation of flights of, 429 Amyelois transitella, 229 pheromone control of, 413 Anaghasta kuhniella, 68, 88 pheromone of, 350 Andrena wilkella, pheromone of, 359 wind tunnel studies with, 410 Anemotactic threshold, 115 Adsorbents, 259 Anemotaxis, 77, 104 Aeration apparatus, 256 Angoumois grain , see Sitotroga Aeration of , collection appa- cerealella ratus for, 256 Ant trail pheromone [(Z)-9-hexade• Aeration chamber, 260 cenal], 58 Ag/AgC1 electrodes, 133 Antennae Aggregation pheromone, 63 morphology of, 6 Aglia tau L., scent organs of, 8 number of sensillae on, 6 Agrotis californica, 171 Antenna positioning, 133-4 Agrotis ipsilon, 170--1, 254 Antherea polyphemus, 145-6 452 Index

Anthrenus jiavipes, 251, 269 Behavior-modifying chemicals, 250 Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 226, Bemisia tabaci, 411 424 Beneckea harveyi, 271 pheromone of, 349 Bioassay Anticarsia gemmatatis (Hiibner), 225 categories of, 49 Aonidiella auranti, 253 design of, 46 pheromone of, 351 -equivalents in, 47 Aonidiella citrina, 253 number of insects in, 49 pheromone of, 351 standardization of responsiveness, Aphid alarm pheromone, 52-3 47 Aphis fabae, 53 type of dispenser for, 46 Aphis illinoisensis, 53 Bioassay chamber, stimulation type, Aphomia gularis, pheromone of, 354 60 Aphrodisiac pheromones, 242 Bioassay responses, recording of, Archips argyrospilus, 229 48-9 Archips cerasivoranus, 59-60 Bioluminescence assay, 270 Archips mortuanus, 59-60 Blattella germanica, pheromone of, Archips podana (Scopoli), 425 353 Archips semijeranus, 63 Bledius mandibularis, pheromone of, Arctias virgo, 193 355 Arctiid species, 151 Boll weevil, 115, 259; see also An• enantiomeric specificities among, thonomus grandis 151 Bombykal, 33 Argentine ant, 56; see also Iridomyr- Bombykol mex humilis activity of, 32 Argrotis ypsilon Rott., 9 biogenesis and metabolism of, Argynnis adippe L., 7 33-4 Argyrotaenia citrana, 143 fractionation procedure for, 15-6 Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), geometric isomers of, 29 50--1, 119, 144,424 major references concerning, 30--1 Artichoke plume moth, see Platypti- NAB A-ester of, 17, 22, 24-5 lia carduidactyla nonsaponifyable neutral fraction Atrophaneura alcinous alcinous, 229 of, 18 Atta texana, pheromone of, 352 physiology of perception of, 35 Attagenus elongatulus, 226 proof of structure of, 27 purified succinic acid semi esters of, 18 Barber's pole wind tunnel, 106 SPN of, 18 Bark beetle, see Ips spp.; total lipid extracts of, 18 see Dendroctonus spp. total neutral fraction of, 18 Bartlett's test, 121 Bombyx mori (L.), 4, 7-9, 67-8, Behavior bioassay, 196-8, 202 131-2, 143,200,205,229, Behavior bioassay chamber, parts list 406 for, 212 behavioral bioassay of, 13 Index 453

maintenance of males for phero• Chirality mone bioassay, 14 importance in pheromone percep• rearing of, 10-3 tion, 323 scent organs of, 8 significance of, 346-7 Bradysia impatiens, 85 Choice test, 57, 59, 95 Brevicomin, pheromone of Dendroc• Choristoneura, pheromone control tonus brevicomis, 153, 331, of,413 357 Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), 224, 230, 243, 410, 416, 432 pheromone traps for, 432 Cadra cautella, 225, 242 Choristoneura occidentalis, 230, 254 Calliphora erythrocephala, 2 Choristoneura purellela, 231 Callosobruchus maculatus, 252 Choristoneura rosaceana, 231 Callosobruchus chinensis, pheromone Chromatography, factors affecting of,355 separation of compounds, Callosobruchusic acid, pheromone of 319-22 Callosobruchus chinensis, 355 Chrysoteuchia topiaria, 231, 255 Cannizzaro reaction, 34 cis-Verbenol, pheromone of Ips par• Capillary columns, separation on, aconfusus, 349 297-9 Citrus flower moth, see Prays citri Capillary gas chromatography, 296-9 Claisen ortho ester, rearrangement Carrot fly, see Psila rosae, 175 381, 391 Chaitophorus populicola, 53 Classical analytical methods, 309 Chalcogran, pheromone of Pityo- Clear applewing moth, see Synanthe- genes chalcographus, 357 don myopaeformis CHDMS (cyc1ohexanedimethanol Clepsis spectrana, 143-4 succinate), 138, 140-1 Clysia ambiquella Hbn., 9 Chemical nature of pheromones, 8 Cochliomyia hominivorax, 248 multangula, 148 Codling moth, 116, 122; see also Chilo spp., pheromone control of, Laspeyresia pomonella 413 Cold trapping, 248 Chilo partellus, 172, 230, 254 Colias eurytheme, 231 Chilo saccharipagus, 172, 230 Colias philodice, 231 Chilo suppressalis Walker, 172 Collection efficiency, 244, 262 Chinese silkworm moth, see Actias Colletes cunicularius, 258, 273 selene, 4 Columns, packing, for HPLC, 317-8 Chiral alcohols, microscale resolution Complexation chromatography, 313 of,343 Complexation liquid chromatography, Chiral chemicals, commercial sources 293-4 for, 392 Comstock mealybug, 340 Chirallanthanide shift reagents, 329 Contamination, 78, 82-4, 117, 120 Chiral packing material (PTrMA), Corn rootworm, see Diabrotica spp. 346 Cotton growing areas, movement of Chiral reagents, 390-1 pink bollworm in, 408 454 Index

Cotton pests, population assessment Dermestes maculatus, 227 of, 431 Dermestid beetle, 52, 251; see also Coupled GC-SCR, 187 Trogoderma spp. Covered funnel trap, 112-4 Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Craig distribution, 21 Barber, 194, 206-8, 302 Crematogaster spp., pheromone of, pheromone of 1O-methyl-2-trideca• 352 none, 353 Cryogenic trapping, 246-7 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, 206-7, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, 231 252, 277, 350 a-cubene, 184, 188 Digital voltmeter, 135 argentea Hufn., scent or• Dioryctria abietella, 149 gans of, 8 Dioryctria disclusa, 232 Cucullia verbasi L., scent organs of, Diparopsis spp., pheromone control 8 of, 413 Curculio caryae, 226 Diparopsis castanea (Hmps.), 171, Cyanosilicon capillary column, 299 248, 259, 415 Cydia nigricana (S.), 119 dual monitoring system for, 431 difficulty monitoring of, 430 mating disruption in, 407 Cydia pomonella, 112, 116, 122, Diparopsis watersi (Roths.), 415 145 Diprion similis, 151 Cylinder trap, 112-4 pheromone of, 351 Diprionid sawflies, 151,351 Disparlure, 95, 151, 154-5,262, Dacus cucurbitae Coq., 430 267,346 Dacus neohumeralis, 240 pheromone of Porthetria dis par, Dacus oleae, 225, 240, 255 359,415 major attractive components of, Dominicalure, pheromone of Phyzo• 430 pertha dominica, 355 Dacus tryoni, 240 Double cone trap, 112-4 DEET,201 Douglas fir beetle, 270; see also Delta trap, 112-4 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Dentroctonus spp., pheromone con• Douglas fir tussock moth, see Orygia trolof,413 pseudotsugata Dendroctonus brevicomis, 331, 426 Drierite, 373 pheromone of, 357 Drosophila melanogaster, 2, 105 Dendroctonus frontalis, 152, 329, 331 pheromone of, 349, 355 EAD (electroantennographic detec• Dendroctonus jeffryi, 227 tor), 172 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, circuit diagram for, 163 250,270,417 electrodes for, 162-3 pheromone of, 348 EAG 98, 131-5, 138-41, 161 Dermacentor andersoni, 249, 255 electrodes for, 133 Index 455

equipment for, 134--6 European elm bark beetle, see also profiles, 144-5 Scolytus scolytus saline solution for, 133-5 European grape berry moth, see also Earias spp., pheromone control of, Eupoecilia ambiguella 413 European grapevine moth, see Lo• Earias insulana (Boisd.), 232, 255, besia botrana 302, 414, 424 European pine shoot moth, see Rhy- monitoring agents use for, 431 acionia buoliana, 63 Earias vitella (F.), 413 Euxoa auxiliaris, 171 Efficiency of columns, 319 Euxoa drewseni, 168-9, 171, 173-4 Effluent collection methodology, Euxoa ochrogaster, 168-9, 170-1 summary of, 252 Egyptian cotton leafworm, see Spo- doptera littoralis Electroantennanogram, 19-20, 69 Fall armyworm, see Spodoptera fru• Electrocution traps, 114 giperda Electron-capture chromatography, Faranal, pheromone of Monomorium 268 pharaonis, 353 Eldana saccharina, pheromone of, FID (flame ionization detector), 180- 354 1, 184, 191, 196,294 Elm bark beetle, see Scolytus scoly- Fidonia piniararia L., 5, 6 tus Flame ionization detector (FID), Enantiomeric specificities, 151 180-1, 184, 191, 196,294 English elm, 187 Flight tunnel, see wind tunnel, 70, Ephestia spp., pheromone control of, 78 413 "Flutter dance," 13 Ephestia kiihniella, 2 Forecasting Epiphyas postvittana, light-brown ap• development of for pest control, ple moth, 61 428 Estigmene acrea, 94, 139, 232 difficulties with for pest control, pheromone of, 359 428 Eucalypt longicom, see also Phora• Forest pests, population assessment cantha synonyma, 342 of,431 Eucosoma, pheromone control of, Formica polyctena, pheromone of, 412 354 Eucosoma sonomana (Kearfott), 416 Formica rufa, pheromone of, 354 Eupoecilia, pheromone control of, Fourier transform infrared spectrome• 413 ter, 304-5 Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hiibner), Frontalin, 153, 251 168-71,418 pheromone of Dendroctonus fron• Euproctis chrysorrhea L., 9 talis, 355 European com borer, 152; see also Fungus gnat, see also Bradysia impa• Ostrinia nubilais tiens, 85 456 Index

Furniture carpet beetle, 251; see also Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), Anthrenus jlavipes 334, 336, 426 pheromone of, 348 Gossyplure, 200-1, 272; pheromone for Pectinophora gossypiella Galleria mellonella, 259 Grab injector, 186 Garden tiger moth, 1; see also Arc• Grandisol, pheromone of Anthono- tias virgo mus grandis, 349 Gas chromatography coupled with Granett trap, 112-4 tuneable ion detectors, 309 Grape moth, see Lobesia botrana Gas-liquid chromatography, 294-5, Grapholita spp., pheromone control 314 of, 413 GC EAD (electroantennographic de- Grapholita funebrana (Treitshke), tector), 162-7 169-71,417,429 GC effluent splitter, 165 Grapholita grapholita, 429 GC-MS, 188 Grapholita molesta (Busck.), 50-1, GC-pulsed EAG, 161 95, 98, 103-5, 112, 122, GC-SCR (gas chromatograph single 134,233,242-4,417,425 [olfactory] cell receptor), 180, populations of measured by phero- 184, 187-8 mone trap, 429 diagram of, 180 Grapholita prunivora, 142-7 GC-SSR (single sencillum record• attractant for, 142 ing), 174-5 Gypsy moth, 119; see also Lymantria Gel permeation chromatography, 291 dispar L. reference list for, 312 control of, 425 Geometric isomers of bombykol, 29 EAG responses of, 154 German cockroach, see Blattella ger• manica, 353 Glass-lined stainless steel tubing, 181 Hawkmoth (Saturnia pavonia), 4 GLC (gas-liquid chromatography), Hedya nubiferana, 233 340-3 Heliothis spp., 414 operating parameters for, 195 pheromone control of, 413 unexpected retention times in, Heliothis armigera (Hb.), 172,233, 139-42 242 GLC-BB (gas liquid chromatography monitoring for, 431 behavior bioassay), 194, 197, Heliothis punctigera, 172 200-2,205 Heliothis subjlexa, 234 problems in, 210 Heliothis virescens (F.), 62, 68, 85, GLC-EAD, see also GLC-EAG, 192 209, 225, 234, 255, 272, 431 GLC-EAG method, 138-41, 161-7; Heliothis zea, 235 see also GC-EAD Hexalure, 201, 250, 407 Glossina moristans moristans, 240 4-Hexanolide, Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), pheromone of Trogoderma gla• 252, 331-2, 426 brum, 354 Index 457

Hierarchical clustering techniques, 98 Kbapra beetle, see Trogoderma gran• High-performance adsorption LC col• arium, 150 umn, 293 pheromone components of, 150 HMPT (hexametbylphosphoric triam- Kineses, 46 ide), 382 Klinokineses, 46 Homeosoma electellum, 172, 235 Klinotaxis, 55 Homona coffeania, 235 Kolbe electrolysis, 381 HPLC (high performance liquid chro• matography), 344-6 HPLC silica columns, efficiency and Landing responses, 118 particle size of, 321 budworm, (see Zeiraphera di• Hyalophora cecropia, 194 niana) Hydrogenation, 308-9 quercus, 4, 248 Hypantria cunea, 255 Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), 417, pheromone of, 359 425,427 Hyssia cavernosa, 148 pheromone component of, 146 pheromone control of, 413 pheromone monitoring of 427 Latin-square array of traps, 120 Imported fire ant, see Solenopsis in- Leafroller , response profiles victa, 306 of, 144 Infrared spectroscopy, 316 Leek tineid, see Acrolepiopsis assee• Ips acuminatus, 227 tella Ips amitinus, 340 Lesioderma serricorne, pheromone Ips confusus, 248 of,352 Ips paraconfusus, mating disruption Light-brown apple moth, see Epi• of,407 phyas postvittana, 61 pheromone of, 349 Lineatin, pheromone of Trypoden• Ips pini, 329 dron lineatum, 358 Ips typographus (L.), 426 Liquid chromatography, 291 Ipsdienol, 250 columns for purifying pheromones, pheromone of Ips pini and Ips par• 289 aeonfusus, 349 reference list, 312 Ipsenol, 250 Liquid chromatography columns, pheromone of Ips paraconfusus, procedures for packing, 317 349 Liquid crystal column, 295, 299 Iridomyrmex humilis, see Argentine Lobesia spp., pheromone control of, ant 413 Itoplectis eonquisitor, 241 Lobesia botrana Schiff (European grapevine moth), 145, 165- 171,418 EAG technique with, 146 Japanese beetle, see Popillia japon• Lone star tick, see Amblyomma iea, 126 americanum, 125 458 Index

Luciferase, 271 Monitoring insect populations, 405, Lycoriella mali, 241 427-33 Lymantria dispar L. (Gypsy moth), use of pheromones for, 405 4, 8, 9, 68, 94, 99, 114, 116, Monomorium pharaonis, pheromone 123, 150, 263, 415, 425, 431 of,353 chemical nature of pheromones in, Monounsaturated pheromones, 142-4 8 Mosher's ester, 334 pheromone control of, 412 Movements pheromone structure of, 151 allothetically controlled, 46 Lymantria monacha (L.), 8, 9, 432 idiothetically controlled, 46 MTPA-NMR a-methoxy-a-trifluoro• methylphenylacetic acid, Mosher's acid), 338 Macrosiphum avenae, 53 MTPA-shift reagent, 337 Macrosiphum euphorbiae, 53 Mulberry leaves, (Morus alba L.), Macrosiphum liriodendri, 53 11 Malacosoma spp., 58-60 Multicomponent pheromone system, Malacosoma americana, 58-60 179 Malacosoma distria, 58-60 Multistriatin, pheromone of Scolytus Mamestra brassicae, 168, 172,236 multistriatus 358 Mamestra configurata, 236, 242 Myrcene, 250 Mamestria oleracea, 236 Myzus persicae, 53, 100 Manduca sexta, 237 Mark and recapture, 123 Mass spectrometer, microbore and NABA (4' -nitroazobenzene-4-carbox• capillary LC columns coupled ylic acid), 21 to, 309 reagent for derivatization of pri• Mass spectroscopy, 301, 315 mary and secondary alcohols, Mass traping, use of pheromones for, 21 405,420-7 reverse-phase chromatography of, Mating disruption, 406 23 pheromone formulations for, 411 NABA-ester fractions, comparative use of pheromones for, 405 paper chromatography of, 22 Matsucoccus josephi, 138 Natural products, determining the Melon fly, see Dacus cucurbitae structure of, 308 Meniscus regression, 271 Neodiprion lecontei, 152 4-Methyl-3-heptanol, 184 pheromone of, 351 Michaelson interferometer, 304 NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance Microdegenerative techniques, 308 spectroscopy), 300, 306, 316 Microozonolysis, 309 , response activities in, 146 Microtechniques, 316 Nonpararnetric tests in trap design, Milk carton trap, 112-4, 119 121 Models for steering, 101 Nun moth, see Lymantria monacha Index 459

Oak leafroller moth, Archips semifer- use of in mating disruption, 407 anus, 63 Paravespa vulgaris, pheromone of, spinner, Lasiocampa quercus, 4 357 Olive moth, see Prays oleae Partition ratio, 320 Operophtera brumata, 141 Pea moth, see Cydia nigricana, 115 Optical purity of pheromones Peach tree borer, see Synanthedon chromatographic methods for de• exitiosa termining, 339-46 Peach twig borer, Anarsia linestella, NMR methods for, 328-39 139 problems in determining, 327-8 Peak detector circuit, 135 ORC/CD data, 326 Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), ORD/CD data, 338 193, 200, 202, 209, 406-7, Orchard pests, population assessment 423 of,429-30 chemical companies producing Oriental fruit moth, 68, 102, 245; pheromones of, 409 see also Grapholita molesta flight potential of, 408 Organolithium reagents, 373 formulations for mating disruption alkylations with, 380 of, 411 Organomagnesium reagents, 373 mating disruption of, 406-11 Orgyia antiqua L., 5-6 Percentage optical purity, definition Orthokineses, 46 of,327-8 Orygia pseudotsugata (Mc• Periphyllus lyropictus, 53 Donnough), 417, 432 Periplaneta americana, 67-7, 104, pheromone traps defined limits of, 245,248 432 bioassay arena for, 54 Ostrinia spp., pheromone control of, pheromone of, 52, 54, 353 413 Periplanone-B, 53 Ostrinia furnicales, 237 pheromone of Periplaneta ameri• Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner), see Eu• cana, 353 ropean com borer, 150, 419 Pest control, suitability of pheromone Oxidation reactions, summary of, usage for, 412-3 386 Phalera bucephala L., scent organs Oxycope rearrangement, 381 of,8 Ozonide, 309 Pheromone Ozonolysis, 308 collection from artificial sources of, 264-7, 272 chromatographic analyses of, 295- Pandemis heparana, 237 300 Pandemis limitata, 144 interference with quantification of, Pandemis pyrusana, 237 219 Panolisflammea (Schiff.), 417, 432 methods for determination of abso• Parametric tests in trap design, 121 lute configuration of, 326-7, Parapheromones, 173 348-59 460 Index

Pheromone (cont.) Pink bollworm pheromone, (gossy• optical purity of, 327-8 plure) portable apparatus for field collec• commercial usage of, 411 tion of, 257 Pinus ponderosa (pine tree), 416 problems in determinating optical pest of, 416 purity of, 327-8 Pirkle's chiral solvating reagent, 338 rate of release of, 117 Pirkle's new chiral derivatizing re• structure of, 323-7, 335-41 agent, 338 synthesis of Pityogenes chalcographus, 227 references to, 372 pheromone of, 357 techniques for extracting, 223-5 Planococcus citri, 253 uniform air permeation by, 88-9 pheromone of, 350 use of in insect control, 405 Platynata jlavedana, 238 vapor collection apparatus for, 260 Platyptilia spp., pheromone control Pheromone blend, 47, 75, 77 of, 412 Pheromone collection, source of error Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley), 419 in, 248 Platypus jlavicomis, 227 Pheromone collection apparatus, 262 Plodia interpunctella Rb., 5, 8, 9, Pheromone collection device, 267 224-5, 242-3, 259 Pheromone collection trap, 263 scent organs of, 8 Pheromone collection tube, 256 Plum fruit moth, see Grapholita fu• Pheromone dispersion, 116 nebrana Pheromone formulations, 411 Plusia chalcites, 238 Pheromone plume, turbulence in, 116 Poaching, 119 Pheromone trap location, significant definition of, 119 effect on catch of, 428 Podosesia syringae (sesiid moth), Pheromones in pest control, 406-420 114 Phoracantha synonyma, see eucalypt Polychrosis botrana Schiff., 9 10ngicom, 342 Popillia japonica, 124, 227 pheromone of, 355 pheromone of, 355 Phoracantholide J, pheromone of Population, estimation of, 123 Phoracantha synonyma, 355 Porapak Q, 250, 259 Photobacterium phosphoreum, 271 Porthesia simillis Fuessl, scent or• Phyzopertha dominica, pheromone gans of 8 of,355 Porthetria dispar, pheromone of, 359 Pikonema alaskensis, 116, 224, 241 Potato tuberworm moth (Phthorimaea Pine bark beetle, 124 operculella) , 140 Pine beauty moth, see Panolis jlam- Prays citri Mill., 172, 238, 424, 427 men monitoring flights of, 430 Pine engraver, see Ips pini, 152 Prays oleae Berm., 172, 238 Pine sawfly, Diprion simi/us, 116 monitoring flights of, 430 Pine sawfly pheromone, 337 Prodenia litura F., 7, 9 Pink bollworm, see Pectinophora Propylure, 201 gossypiella 124, 146 Protandrous species, 122 Index 461

Protecting groups, 387 Rhopalosiphum padi, 53 Pseudaletia includens, 242 Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine Pseudaletia unipuncta, 242 shoot moth), 63 Pseudaulascaspis pentagona, 253 Rhyacionia frustrana, 238 pheromone of, 351 Rhyacionia subtropia, 239 Pseudococcus comstockii, 253 Rice Borer, see Scirophaga inceptu• pheromone of, 350 las Psila rosae, 175 Psyche unicolor Hfn., 6 PTrMA (poly triphenylmethyl meth• acrylate), 346 Sacculi laterales (scent sacs), 3, 7 Purification of biologically active ma• Saline solutions, 134-5 terial, 288 Saltmarsh caterpillar, see also Estig• reference list for, 312 mene acrea, 151 Samia (= Hyalophora) cercropia, 5 Sample delivery system, EAG com• Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, 254 patible, 136-7 Queen recognition pheromone, 307 Sarcophaga bullata, 241 Saturnia pavonia, 4, 8 scent organs of, 8 Reagent gases, for mass spectros- Sawflies, see Diprion similis copy, 301 Scent glands, 7, 8 Receptor lymph, 134-5 Schizaphis graminum, 53 Receptor potentials, 132 Schurig's "complexation GLe," 340 Receptor specificities, 152 Scolytus multistratiatus (Marsham), Recording devices, 135-6 184, 187,228,252,426,432 Red-banded leafroller, see Argyro- pheromone of, 335, 348 taenia velutinana Scolytus scolytus, 55-6, 152, 182-3, Redbanded leafroller, 124, 142, 153 186, 252 EAG profiles for, 142 Scotia exclamation is, 168-71, 239 Red bollworm, see Diparopsis casta• Scrobipalpa ocellatella (sugar beet nea moth), 148 Reduction reactions, summary of Sensilla basiconica, 6 384-5 Sensilla chaetica, 6 Resin adsorbents, 249 Sensilla coeloconica, 6 Resolution of column chromatogra- Sensilla styloconica, 6 phy, 319 Sensilla trichodea, 6, 131-32 Response spectra, 146-9 Sensory organs, sex dimorphism of, Retention, definition of, 319 5 Retention ratio, 320 Serricomin, pheromone of Lesiod- Reverse-phase chromatography, 293, erma serricorne, 352 313 Servosphere apparatus, 67-8 Reverse-phase columns, 291 Sesamia inferens, 172 Rhopalosiphum maidis, 53 Sesiid moth, see Podosesia syringae 462 Index

Seudenol, pheromone of Dendroc- SPU, see sex pheromone unit, 13 tonus pseudotsugae, 348 Stationary phases used to purify Sex pheromone unit (SPU), 13, 15 pheromones, 290 Silica gel, adsorption on, 313 Stegobinone, pheromone of Stego- Silkworm moth, see Bombyx mori bium paniceum, 352 Single sensillum responses, 149 Stegobium paniceum, 352 Single sensillum studies, 155 Stereochemical predictions, 150-2 Sipha kurdjumovi, 53 Sticky trap, 112-14, 119 Sitophilus granarius, 252 Stored products pests, 242 Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver), 62, 242 monitoring tools for, 433 Smoke, see Titanium tetrachloride, Striped stem borer, see Chilo sup• White smoke pressalis Solenopsis invicta Buren (red im• Sudan bollworm, see Diparopsis wa• ported fire ant), 306 tersi Sorbinol (hexa-2E, 4E-diene-1-01), Sulcatol, 250, 347 19,21 pheromone of Gnathotrichus sulca• NABA-ester of, 25 tus, 348 Southern com rootworm, see Diabro• Summer fruit tortrix moth, see Adox• tica undecimpunctata ho• ophyes orana wardi, 302 Synanthedon spp. pheromone control Soybean looper, 115 of,413 Sparganothis directana, 239 Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), 417, 425 Sparganothis pilleriana, 155 Synanthedon myopaeformis (Bork• Spadotis clandestina, 239 hausen),417 Spectroscopy, 315 Synthesis, methods of, 374-79 Spiny bollworm, see Earias insulana Synthetic chemistry, useful books Spodoptera exempta, 172 and references for, 392 Spodoptera Jrugiperda (J E Smith,) 419 pheromone control of, 413 Taxes, 46 Spodoptera littoralis, 138, 172,415, Telea polyphemus, 5 431 Tenebrio molitor, 248 mass trapping of, 421-3 Tent caterpillar (Malacosoma spp.), pheromone control of, 413 58-60 Spodoptera litura F. Tent trap, 112-4 forecasting system for, 430, mass Terpenes, 153 trapping of, 420-3 Tetramethylsilane (TMS), 306 Spodoptera ocellana, 172 THF (tetra hydrofuran), 382 Spruce bark beetle, see Ips typgra• Three-lined leafroller (Pandemis limi- phus, 152 tata) 143 Spruce budworm, see Choristoneura Titanium tetrachloride-generated fumiferana, 98, 114, 139 smoke, 69, 78-9 Index 463

TMS (Tetramethylsilane), 306 Trogoderma variabile, 253 Tobacco budworm, see Heliothis vi- Trogoderma spp. (dermestid beetle), rescens 52 Tortricid species, see Archips spp. Trogodermal, pheromone of Trogo- Tortrix viridana, 67, 172 derma granarium, 353 Trail pheromone, assay system for, Tropotaxis, 55 58-9 Trypodendron domesticum, 341 Trans-verbenol, pheromone of Den- Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), droctonus frontalis, 349 228,327,341,426 Transformation reactions, 388-9 pheromone of, 358 Trap, testing of, 120--1 Trypodendron signatum, 341 Trap catch Tungsten electrodes, 133 interpretation of, 122 Two-dimensional bioassay in wind, landing responses in, 118 63 wind direction affecting, 120 Trap catches of moths, parallel larval density of spruce budworm, Ultrasound sensitivity, 114 432 Trap color, 114-5 Trap design, 112-4, 119-122 Vegetable pests, population assess• Trap efficiency, 115, 118-119 ment of, 430--1 definition of, 119 Verbenol, see also cis-verbenol and Trap placement, 117 trans-verbenol, 349 Trap saturation, 114 Vespa orientalis, pheromone of, 356 Trapping experiments, 111 Vitula edmandsae serratilineella, Treadmill floor pattern, 85-7 168, 172 Tribolium castaneum, pheromone of, Volatile chemicals 352 collection of, 218 Tribolium conjusum, pheromone of, collectors for, 219 352 flow system used to collect, 218 Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (cabbage looper), 68-70, 95, 98, 115, 148, 193, 209, 239, 242, Western pine beetle, 247 258, 259, 262, 418 Western pine shoot borer, see Euco- pheromone control of, 413 soma sonomana Triphenyl phosphine, ozonide re• White fly, see Bemisia tabaci, 411 duced with, 309 White smoke, production of, 79 Trogoderma glabrum, 253 Wilcoxon rank sum test, 121 pheromone of, 354 Wind tunnels, 69, 80, 89, 106,410 Trogoderma granarium, 251, 253, arresting air movement in, 90--1 339 moveable patterns in, 84-7 Trogoderma inclusum, 252 use of pheromone research in, 94 464 Index

Wing fanning, 50-1, 95 Y maze, 59, 66 Wing trap, 112-114 Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), 141 Wittig condensations, 373, 382 Zeiraphera spp., pheromone control of,413 Zeiraphera diniana (Guenee) (larch Xilocopa hirutissima, pheromone of, budworm), 171-2,416 354 pheromone traps for populations Xylomyges curialis, 239 study of, 432 Springer Series In Experimental Entomology Editor: T.A. Miller

Insect Neurophysiological Techniques By T.A. Miller Neurohormonal Techniques in Insects Edited by T.A. Miller Sampling Methods in Soybean Entomology Edited by M. Kogan and D. Herzog Neuroanatomical Techniques Edited by N.J. Strausfeld and T.A. Miller Cuticle Techniques in Edited by T.A. Miller Measurement of Ion Transport and Metabolic Rate in Insects Edited by TJ. Bradley and T.A. Miller Techniques in Pheromone Research Edited by H.E. Hummel and T.A. Miller Functional Neuroanatomy Edited by N.J. Strausfeld Neurochemical Techniques in bisect Research Edited by H. Breer and T.A. Miller