. s n
N o i s
A n
172 e
M m i d
D d
I e t a t G s
. F169 e
J h
t
: LEGEND m
247 o
D r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P m HER Asset s t
A n e m
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e HER Asset r u A s a
R e m
R Farm l l A
U . t n e M 173
.
m Previously Unrecorded Archaeology u
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s Modern Disturbance i
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y
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S 156 b a i l
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F218 b c
i d g e r o i l
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r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3
246 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
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A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
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e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i F225 o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g 69 e n s i
F228 u n 85 e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
86 s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 11 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V 189 e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 88 d 0 e r 0 a A p
83 e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r
87 s p a \ : h
K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n F313 s i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d I 156 e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D r f
d E 189 e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P 83 u
P m HER Asset s t
A n e m
Y 87
e HER Asset r u A s a
R e m
R Farm l l A F233
U . t n e
M
.
m Modern Disturbance u
J c
F313 o
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D h t
E e l a c K s
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C o n
E o D
H . t n
C 84 e s n o
N c
n e
O t t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K
202 x e
N s ' M
A O
H C
. E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
s
R e i l e
P r
r o
S s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e d
d n a
, y t i l d i x b i s m . n o s t p l s u e s r
e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a
y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 12 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r s p a \ : h
K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n s i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d
I e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P m
s t
A Farm n e m
Y e r u A Modern Disturbance s a
R e m
R l l
F183 A
U . t n e
M
. m u
J c
o
: d
s i
D h t
E e l a c K s
t
C o n
E o D
H . t n
C e s n o
N c
n e
O t t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K x e
N s ' M
A O
H C
. E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
s
R e i l e
P r
r o
S s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t 289 r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e d
d n a
, y t i l d i x b i s m . n o s t p l s u e s r
e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u
190 s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a
y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M F243
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 13 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r s p a \ : h
K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n s i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m F243 i d
D d
I e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P m
s t
A Farm n e m
Y e r u A Modern Disturbance s a
R e m
R l l A
U . t n e
M
. m u
J c
o
: d
s i
D h t
E e l a c K s
t
C o n
E o D
H . t n
C e s n o
N c
n e
O t t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K x e
N s ' M
A O
H C
. E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
F257 s
R e i l e
P r
r o
S s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e d
d n a
288 , y t i l d i x b i s m . n o s t p l s u e s r
e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a
y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 14 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r s p a \ : h
K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n s i e l h i
F158 T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d
I e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P m
HER Asset s t
A n e m
Y e r u A s a
R e m
R l l A
U . t n e
M
. m u
J c
o
:
F158 d
s i
D h t
E e l a c K s
t
C 116 o n
E o D
H . t n
C e s n o
N c
n e
O t t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K x e
N s ' M
A O
H C
. E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
s
R e i l e
P r
r o
S s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e d
d n a
, y t i l d i x b i s m . n o s t p l s u e s r
e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a
y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 15 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r s p a \ : h
K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n s i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d
I e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P m
Previously Unrecorded Archaeology s t
A n e m Y Disused Railways e r u A s a
R e Modern Disturbance m
R l l A
U . t n e
M
. m u
J c
o
: d
s i
D h t
E e l a c K s
t
C o n
E o D
H . t n
C e s n o
N c
n e
O t t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K x e
N s ' M
A O
H C
. E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
s
R e i l e
P r
r o
S s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e d
d n a
, y t i l d i x b i s m . n o s t p l s u e s r
244 F150 e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a
y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
F142 . a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
F78 f
g 16 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V
F83 e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r s p a \ : 4 h
K 1 g
n : 3 F143 i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n s i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d
I e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D
F142 r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t b
O o
e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P m
HER Asset s t
A F78 n e m
Y e
r Farm u A s a
R e m
R l l Disused Railways A
U . t n e M Modern Disturbance
. m u
J c
o
: d
s i
D h t
E e l a c K s
t
C o n
E o D
H . t n
C e s n o
N 4 c
F66 1 F143 n e
O t
3 t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K x e
N s ' M
A O
H C
. E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
s
R e i l e
P r
r
F60 o
S F102 s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t
F100 r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e
F61 d
d n a
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e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l F73
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 291 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a 55 y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 17 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e
e F129 e j b o
r s p a \ : h F87 K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
292 a Date: Scale at A3:
m 154 r a d
F128 n s
F89 i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d
I e t a t G s
.
e
J h
t
: LEGEND m o
D r f
d
E e n i V Purple Route Corridor a t
F129 b
O o F87 e
R
b Field Boundaries
t s P u
P
292 m HER Asset s t
A n e m
Y e
r Farm u A s a
R e m
R l F88 l Modern Disturbance A
U
F128 . t n e
M
. m u
J c
154 o
: d
s i
D h t
E e l a c K s
t
C o n
E o D
H . t n
C e s n o
N c
n e
O t t i r
S w
s
N s
I e r p
K x e
F127
N s ' M
A O
H C
.
F89 E A
t
A
u
: o h t i
D w
g
E n i
C w a r
U d
s i
D h t
n
O o
s
R e i l e
P r
r o
S s
I e s u
D t a
A h t
y
C t r a
R p
y
A n
a
: o t
T , r e
N v e o
A s t
T a h
L w
y
U t i l i
S b a i l
N y n
O a
s e
C i n e d
d n a
, y t i l d i x b i s m . n o s t p l s u e s r
e o n R
s y t p e e v r c c u a
S
M r e O v C o E k l A
. a w W a l
l y a b c
i d g e r o i l u o q e e r a
s h a c
r r o A
- M 3
O e
r REVISION: C u E g A i
y F - b REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
6 d 6 e e 3 r 8 g
0 1 02/08/17 First Issue a
0 s a A
t U p \ e y c e x v e r
, u s e S i
t r r a e p v
o d r k i l h t a
y W b \
y n o a r p r 251 u
u d e M i
l s e r s
r e o J
d e O c
A FIGURE NO. u F d \ o s r p D e r X
, d M
e FIGURE 3 i g f i n d i o k i m
V , \ FIGURE TITLE d g e n s i u n
e n b a
l t ARCHAEOLOGICAL o P \ n
s y g a n
i WALKOVER m
t w I
. a t r
F126 n
D SURVEY RESULTS e i r l u c
s
O SHEET NUMBER ' - M E \ O k C n E i L A
f
g 18 of 22 o
n e i s k i u
V e -
h NOTES t 6
r 6 o 3 f
8 d 0 e r 0 a A p e U r \ p s
t n c e e e j b o
r s p a \ : h
K g
n : i e
0 500 1,000 Metres w
a Date: Scale at A3: m r a d
n s i e l h i
T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 . s n
N o i s
A n e
M m i d
D d
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T 14/08/17 1:10,000 F © Crown copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey 0100031673 Appendix 12.2.1: Gazetteer of Known Heritage Assets
Project ID Listing/ HER Name Easting Northing Site Type No. No. SM1 1004962 Roman saltern in Helpringham 517270 338472 Saltern Fen 12 342 Not Named 518040 337360 Farm 20 MLI20042 Probable cropmark prehistoric 518850 337286 Settlement, Enclosure, or Romano-British settlement, Boundary, Trackway, Donington Round House (domestic), Ring Ditch, Farmstead? 21 MLI90719 Probable cropmark prehistoric 518423 337445 Enclosure, Farmstead, or Romano-British settlement Boundary Ditch, evidence, Donington Double Ditched Enclosure, Ring Ditch, Round House (domestic), Multiple ditch system, trackway 28 3425 (Goose Field) 544468 377918 Farm 35 5389 Not Named 537501 364551 Farm 47 7553 Rakes Farm 520845 343785 Farm 50 7634 (Not Named) 518629 339790 Farm 55 7998 (Not Named) 523761 347718 Farm 68 MLI116063 Probable Ditched Enclosure, 537508 365568 Ditched Enclosure Wheelabout Wood 69 MLI40764 Saxon pottery from roman site 534830 360900 Findspot NW of Stickford 73 MLI40951 Romano-British sherds found 536000 362090 Artefact Scatter, in West Keal Farmstead Two fragments of stone axe, 74 MLI40961 536810 362805 Findspot West Keal 76 MLI40978 Neolithic finds from field 2, 537335 363693 Flint Scatter East Keal bypass
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 43 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Project ID Listing/ HER Name Easting Northing Site Type No. No. 77 MLI40979 Romano British site, west of 537524 363682 Artefact Scatter East Keal 79 MLI40989 Flint Scatter, Wheelabout 537241 365490 Flint Scatter Wood 80 MLI40998 Bronze age finds from field 2, 537334 363693 Artefact Scatter East Keal bypass 83 MLI41011 Early Bronze age settlement 534400 360560 Settlement, Artefact site Scatter 84 MLI41013 Flint scatter 534520 360220 Flint Scatter 85 MLI41014 A possible roman settlement 534830 360900 Artefact Scatter site NW of Stickford. 86 MLI41015 Middle Bronze age site n of 534570 360750 Settlement, Artefact Stickford, pottery scatter. Scatter 87 MLI41024 Bronze age pottery 534500 360500 Findspot 88 MLI41026 Prehistoric pottery found in 534900 360600 Artefact Scatter Stickford 91 MLI41839 Saxon sites in East Keal 537520 363686 Settlement, Artefact Scatter Settlement, Artefact 100 MLI42484 The Settlement of Sutterby 538570 372304 Scatter, Boundary 103 MLI42524 Shrunken Medieval village of 545761 378583 Shrunken Village Saleby 105 MLI42527 Thoresthorpe shrunken 546110 377583 Shrunken Village Medieval village 106 MLI42681 Medieval field system in 539308 371733 Lynchet, Field System Langton by Spilsby 107 MLI42781 Medieval pottery, field 2 East 537335 363693 Artefact Scatter Keal bypass 108 MLI42782 Early/mid Saxon settlement, 537334 363694 Settlement, Artefact west of East Keal Scatter 109 MLI42784 Romano British pottery from 537502 363799 Artefact Scatter East Keal 110 MLI42785 Medieval pottery from East 537503 363800 Artefact Scatter Keal 111 MLI42786 Medieval pottery from East 537501 363800 Artefact Scatter Keal
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 44 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Project ID Listing/ HER Name Easting Northing Site Type No. No. 115 MLI43312 Mesolithic flint finds, East Keal 537340 363690 Flint Scatter Bypass 116 MLI43382 Pillbox, Short's Corner 531311 352866 Pillbox 117 MLI43675 Sutton on Sea to Alford 548453 378742 Tramway Tramway 123 MLI85065 Prehistoric cropmarks, West 537199 364893 Enclosure Keal 124 MLI85122 Prehistoric cropmark 540214 373470 Enclosure enclosure, south east of Driby 125 MLI85123 Prehistoric cropmark linear 540299 373588 Linear Feature feature, south east of Driby 126 MLI85124 Undated cropmarks, east of 540566 374228 Trackway, Enclosure Driby 127 MLI85127 Undated cropmark linear 539721 373449 Linear Feature feature, south of Driby Grange 128 MLI85165 Medieval Ridge and furrow, 537263 366815 Ridge and Furrow Raithby 129 MLI85168 Medieval trackway, Raithby 537213 367833 Trackway 130 MLI85170 Medieval Field System, 537512 367840 Field System, Ridge Raithby and Furrow 131 MLI85171 Undated cropmark trackway, 537229 368098 Trackway Raithby 132 MLI85172 Medieval ridge and furrow, 537168 368354 Ridge and Furrow Raithby Post Medieval quarries, Mavis 133 MLI85174 536816 366522 Quarry Enderby 139 MLI85206 Prehistoric Enclosure, 536923 369242 Enclosure Hagworthingham 149 MLI85376 Earthwork ridge and furrow, 540477 370172 Ridge and Furrow Dalby 154 MLI86124 Settlement of Amber Hill 523342 346590 Settlement 156 MLI88675 RAF East Kirkby 534712 361542 Airfield, Museum, Military Airfield 158 MLI88747 Probable Medieval earthwork 551196 378560 Enclosure enclosure, Huttoft
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 45 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Project ID Listing/ HER Name Easting Northing Site Type No. No. 159 MLI88750 Probable late Medieval 552279 379423 Enclosure, Field earthwork enclosure and field Boundary boundary, Huttoft 161 MLI89969 Undated cropmark trackway 517252 339496 Trackway near Home Farm House, Little Hale 163 MLI90071 Post-Medieval Flood Defence 519679 338551 Flood Defences, Ditch, Ditches, Bicker Fen Gully 166 MLI90886 Deserted Medieval village of 548606 378668 Toft, Croft, Enclosure Markby 167 MLI90887 Probable Medieval earthwork 548157 378521 Fishpond fishponds, Markby 168 MLI92416 East Keal Hall park, East Keal 537466 363731 Park 171 MLI98760 Earthwork ridge and furrow in 534903 361134 Ridge and Furrow, Stickford Field System 172 MLI98761 Earthwork ridge and furrow in 537150 363220 Ridge and Furrow, East Keal Field System 173 MLI98763 Earthwork ridge and furrow in 536484 362770 Ridge and Furrow, West Keal Field System 174 MLI98768 Ridge and furrow earthworks 542390 376300 Ridge and Furrow, south of Rigsby Wood, Rigsby Field System with Ailby 176 MLI99475 Medieval Activity, Wheelabout 537088 365464 Findspot, Ridge and Wood, West Keal Furrow 187 5410 Manor House 536641 362190 Farm 189 5741 Staunch Farm 534370 360636 Farm 190 5842 Not Named 532087 356331 Farm 202 MLI41025 A sherd of early bronze age 534500 360100 Findspot pottery 203 MLI40919 Manor house and site of 536700 362200 Manor House, Moat moats, West Keal 205 MLI40929 Medieval finds on site of moat, 536650 362260 Artefact Scatter West Keal 208 MLI40965 Medieval settlement site, West 536430 361950 Settlement, Artefact Keal Scatter
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 46 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Project ID Listing/ HER Name Easting Northing Site Type No. No. 224 MLI82270 Barrow cropmark, Haugh 541382 375120 Ring Ditch, Round Barrow 225 MLI82329 Possible round barrow 540252 373864 Ring Ditch, Round cropmark north west of Ulceby Barrow Cross 267 MLI41479 Deserted medieval village of 549430 377664 Deserted Settlement, Asserby Settlement 268 MLI90885 Late medieval earthwork field 547961 377600 Ridge and Furrow, system, Bilsby Field System, Field Boundary 269 MLI42798 Rigsby medieval settlement, 543183 375501 Deserted Settlement, Rigsby with Ailby Settlement, Enclosure, Croft, Ridge and Furrow, Field System 270 MLI42783 Mesolithic Flakes and Blades, 537797 364390 Flint Scatter East Keal 271 MLI42468 Shrunken medieval village of 541563 375842 Shrunken Village, Haugh Settlement 272 MLI85121 Undated cropmarks, south 540092 373971 Enclosure, Field east of Driby Boundary 273 MLI85203 Possible site of Roman Villa, 536597 368888 Villa, Farmstead, Hagworthingham Boundary, Enclosure 274 5351 (Not Named) 537134 369329 Farm 275 MLI81679 Elizabethan threepence, north 537655 362948 Findspot of South View Farm (field 1) 276 MLI81680 Edward I penny from north of 537654 362926 Findspot South View Farm (field 1) 277 MLI81681 Seventeenth century comb, 537696 362920 Findspot north of South View Farm (field 1) 278 MLI81682 Roman lead pot-mend, north 537701 362900 Findspot of South View Farm (field 1) 282 MLI40963 Sherd of early Saxon pottery, 535900 361500 Findspot West Keal 283 MLI41022 Medieval site close to road 534950 360150 Settlement, Artefact Scatter
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 47 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Project ID Listing/ HER Name Easting Northing Site Type No. No. 284 MLI40766 Possible late Saxon pottery 534950 360150 Artefact Scatter from Medieval site, Stickford 285 MLI81683 Elizabethan horse harness 537700 362900 Findspot mount, north of South View Farm 286 MLI40765 A late Medieval and post 534950 360260 Artefact Scatter Medieval house site, Stickford 287 MLI41021 A few sherds of late Anglo- 534950 360260 Artefact Scatter Saxon pottery found on a post Medieval house site. 288 5813 (Not Named) 532791 354452 Farm 289 5834 Hill's Folly 532878 357172 Farm 290 MLI12573 Romano-British pottery, 521130 340920 Artefact Scatter Swineshead 291 7997 (Not Named) 523210 347897 Farm 292 8068 Ambermill House 523343 346993 Farm 293 329 White House Farm 520276 339981 Farm 219 MLI42435 Ailby or Aleby deserted 543872 376702 Deserted Settlement, Medieval village Settlement 411 - Disused Railway to the west of 551187 377678 Disused Railway Huttoft 412 - Disused Railway to the north- 542876 377324 Disused Railway west of Alford 413 - Disused Railway to the east of 523476 351555 Disused Railway the River Witham
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 48 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable)
Appendix 12.1.3: Archaeological Events
Event Name Easting Northing Unique ID Event Type Description ELI104 Candlesby to 547389 374522 Watching Brief Watching briefs were carried out on a number of sites along the route of a 2 Trusthorpe Hall gas replacement gas main between Trusthorpe and Candlesby. The pipeline pipeline runs for 15.75 kilometres. The ground disturbance was limited to the excavation of a 300mm wide trench approximately 1.2m deep. Four sites were monitored during the ground disturbance work. ELI112 Rapid Field Survey 547706 379602 Field A rapid field survey of the Lincolnshire Coastal Grazing Marsh was 66 of the Lincolnshire Observation undertaken by Heritage Trust Lincolnshire in June 2010. Scheduled Coastal Grazing Monuments, Listed Buildings and archaeological sites were visited and Marsh assessed for condition. Further information about the monuments can be found in Volume 2. ELI121 Walkover Survey for 537354 368678 Field A walkover survey was conducted to assess the impact of proposed 03 the Covenham Observation construction of the Covenham Water Treatment Works to Boston Transfer WTW to Boston pipeline. Several areas of Medieval ridge and furrow were noted, along with Transfer the earthwork remains of a possible round barrow. Several artefacts were also recorded along the proposed route, including Medieval pottery, possibly Prehistoric pottery, and a civil war cannon ball.
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 178 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Event Name Easting Northing Unique ID Event Type Description ELI121 Field Walking for the 537605 365607 Field Walking - A programme of systematic archaeological field walking was conducted 15 Covenham WTW to Systematic along selected parts of the proposed Covenham Water Treatment Works to Boston Transfer Collection Boston Transfer pipeline. Several concentrations of finds were identified, including Prehistoric flints to the east of South Ormsby, Medieval pottery at Old Bolingbroke and Roman and Medieval pottery at Sibsey. ELI121 Site Visit to the 531311 352866 Field A site visit was made to inspect the Second World War pillbox, at Short's 24 Pillbox, Short's Observation Corner. The visit was made by David Sibley as part of the Defence of Britain Corner project. ELI122 Geophysical Survey 537565 368054 Magnetometry A magnetometry survey was conducted along selected parts of the proposed 53 for the Covenham Survey Covenham Water Treatment Works to Boston Transfer pipeline. A number of WTW to Boston archaeological sites were identified, including some which clearly represent Transfer areas of former settlement and agricultural activity. ELI123 Field Walking for the 537254 368956 Field Walking - A programme of systematic archaeological field walking was conducted 44 Covenham WTW to Systematic along selected parts of the proposed Covenham Water Treatment Works to Boston Transfer: Collection Boston Transfer pipeline. Several concentrations of finds were identified, Phase 2 including Prehistoric flints to the south of Harrington, Roman pottery at Sibsey and to the east of Yarburgh, and Medieval pottery to the south of Old Bolingbroke. ELI123 Site Visit to Folly 532302 357895 Field A site visit was undertaken to assess the impact of the proposed construction 55 Lane Solar Farm, Observation of the Folly Lane Solar Farm, West Fen. No further archaeological finds or West Fen features were identified. ELI124 Geophysical Survey 537292 368853 Magnetometry A second phase of magnetometry survey was conducted along selected 28 for the Covenham Survey parts of the proposed Covenham Water Treatment Works to Boston Transfer Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 179 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Event Name Easting Northing Unique ID Event Type Description WTW to Boston pipeline. The areas surveyed comprised the parts of the proposed pipeline Transfer: Phase 2 route that could not previously be accessed, along with the expansion of several areas of archaeological significance identified in the first phase. A number of archaeological sites were identified, including some which clearly represent areas of former settlement and agricultural activity, and a possible isolated ring-ditch. ELI124 Folly Lane Solar 532143 357870 Magnetometry A fluxgate gradiometer survey was conducted to inform the proposed 44 Farm, Stickney Survey construction of a solar farm on land to the west of Folly Lane, near Stickney. All of the magnetic variation recorded appeared to relate to modern agricultural activity or natural geological features, and no archaeological features were identified. ELI124 Land West of Folly 532121 357870 Trial Trenching Five trial trenches were excavated to inform the proposed construction of a 57 Lane, West Fen new solar farm on land to the west of Folly Lane, West Fen. No archaeological features, deposits or finds were encountered. ELI283 Lower Witham 525343 349268 Field Site visits were made to identify any extant achaeological features along the 3 Flood Defences Observation river Witham. Scheme, Phase 2 ELI414 Fenland 534228 360117 Magnetometry A magnetometer survey was carried out as part of the Fenland Management 7 Management Survey Project, six months prior to FMP excavations. Large quantities of burnt stone Project lessened the effectiveness of the survey in identifying individual features. magnetometer survey at Hagnaby Lock
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 180 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Event Name Easting Northing Unique ID Event Type Description ELI414 Fenland 534228 360117 Field Walking - A fieldwalking survey was carried out as part of the Fenland Management 8 Management Systematic Project. Gridded fieldwalking was undertaken in 5m squares. Project fieldwalking Collection survey at Hagnaby Lock ELI415 Fenland 534228 360117 Trial Trenching Trial trenching was carried out as part of the Fenland Management Project. 0 Management Two trenches were placed over two of the densest concentrations of finds. Project trial The northern trench (Trench 1) measured 60m by 10m and was also trenching at positioned adjacent to the extinct stream. To gain good quality environmental Hagnaby Lock evidence a smaller 1.5m wide trench was dug from the south-western corner of Trench 1 towards the extinct watercourse. The southern trench (Trench 2) measured 25m by 10m and was placed over a geophysical anomaly. Sixty- five 1m square test pits were also excavated on a chequerboard grid in the vicinity of a burnt mound, in order to obtain standardised finds and bulk sample retrieval. ELI434 Land at Bicker Fen 519067 339088 Magnetometry A magnetometry scanning survey was conducted on land at Bicker Fen, 0 Wind Farm Site, Scanning Bicker in advance of a proposed wind turbine development. The aims of the Bicker Survey survey was to gather sufficient information to establish the location and extent of any archaeological features within the development area and to characterise the archaeology located. No significant features were discovered ELI436 Former Farm 524394 348575 Building Survey Historic building recording was undertaken at former farm buildings off Main 5 Buildings off Main Road. The survey was undertaken as a result of a planning application for
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 181 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Event Name Easting Northing Unique ID Event Type Description Road, Holland Fenn the conversion of the farm building to a dwelling. Permission was subject to (Brothertoft) conditions including the undertaking of buildings recording prior to the conversion works. The building is of historic interest and important in terms of local rural vernacular architecture. Only the southern half of this arrangement was recorded, with the northern half being a separate property, having been previously converted to residential property. The survey provided a record of the appearance of the farm buildings, together with details of alterations, fixtures and fittings. ELI485 Fieldwalking survey 537192 363411 Field Walking - A rapid fieldwalking survey was carried out in early February along the along the route of Systematic preferred route of the proposed bypass. Various finds, including a large the proposed East Collection quantity of flints, were observed. Keal bypass ELI573 Proposed wind farm 519037 338982 Field A walkover survey was undertaken at the proposed wind farm at Bicker Fen. 7 at Bicker Fen Observation ELI635 Land adjacent to 68 541218 373725 Watching Brief A watching brief was undertaken during groundworks on land adjacent to 68 7 Main Road, Toynton Main Road, Toynton All Saints. All Saints ELI640 Plot 2, Sutterton 523047 347099 Watching Brief A watching brief was undertaken during groundworks at Plot 2, Sutterton 8 Drove, Amber Hill Drove, Amber Hill prior to development. ELI640 Plot 3, Sutterton 523255 347122 Watching Brief A watching brief was undertaken during groundworks at Plot 3, Sutterton 9 Drove, Amber Hill Drove, Amber Hill prior to development. Two modern land drains were uncovered.
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 182 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable) Event Name Easting Northing Unique ID Event Type Description ELI725 Finds from Raithby 537700 365950 Field Mr Armstrong has found worked flints on land near the old churchyard. Observation: Casual ELI869 Land at Bicker Friest 519392 339120 Watching Brief An archaeological watching brief was conducted during the groundworks for 6 the construction of 5 wind turbines on land at Bicker Friest. A typical fenland sequence of naturally deposited sands and gravels, peat deposits and undated alluvial deposits was revealed, but no archaeological features, deposits or finds were encountered.
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme 183 Environmental Statement (ES-2-B.08) Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable)
Appendix 12.2 Aerial Photograph and LiDAR Assessment
Trent and Peak Archaeology was commissioned by Arcadis Consulting (UK) Ltd on behalf of National Grid Viking Link to undertake an air-photographic and LiDAR assessment for the proposed DC cable route. The report was completed in April 2017 and comprises assessment of the cable working width, a 400m buffer centred on the proposed DC cable route. The assessment was required in order to provide further information both in terms of mapping upstanding earthworks and for identifying unknown archaeological remains. Available Environment Agency (EA) Lidar data (supplemented by purchased data where coverage was limited) for the proposed route was processed to provide a detailed digital terrain model of the study area providing landscape context to the record of archaeological features in the area including extant earthworks. Searches for aerial photographic coverage were obtained from the Historic England Archive, supplemented with review of Google Earth historical imagery (2001-2016). Earthwork features identified along the route largely appear to relate to agricultural use of the land - remains of ridge and furrow cultivation, defunct field boundaries etc. However, a mound identified at Furzehill, Bilsby may represent an earlier feature, perhaps a burial mound. Mapped features are concentrated in two main areas with quite different histories: the Witham and Holland Fens in the southwest, and the Lincolnshire Wolds in the north and centre of the proposed DC cable route. West Fen north of Boston and Lincolnshire March approaching the coast are almost devoid of features.
Viking Link: UK Onshore Scheme Environmental Statement (ES-4-B.08) Appendix 12. Archaeology & Cultural Heritage (Proposed Underground DC Cable)
Viking Link: Boygrift to North Ing Drove , Lincolnshire Onshore Cable Route
Air-Photographic and Lidar Assessment
Author: Steve Malone
Report Number: 019/2017
TPA Code: LOC
© Trent and Peak Archaeology
Trent & Peak Archaeology © Unit 1, Holl y Lane Chilwell Nottingham NG9 4AB 0115 8967400 (Tel.) 0115 925 9464 (Fax.)
Viking Link: Air-Photographic and Lidar Assessment
SUMMARY
Viking Link is a proposed 1400 megawatt (MW) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) electricity link between the Danish and British transmission systems. The Project comprises approximately 760 km of Direct Current (DC) onshore and offshore electricity transmission cables between new converter stations at each end of the Project. These are in turn connected to the high voltage electricity transmission networks at existing substations.
The onshore route from the Lincolnshire coast starts at Boygrift, East Lindsey, running generally westwards to pass north of Aldford before turning towards the southwest to pass close to Spilsby and then crossing West Fen and the River Witham to eventually arrive at North Ing Drove, Donington and the substation at Bicker Fen, a distance of some 60km. The current report comprises air-photographic and lidar assessment of the proposed UK onshore DC cable route.
The use of lidar for archaeological survey has become increasingly established, with the technique offering considerable potential for archaeological research both in terms of mapping upstanding earthworks and for elucidating the setting of archaeological remains. In areas such as the Lincolnshire Fenland subtle changes in relief can be hugely significant and are not easily mapped using other methods. Available Environment Agency lidar data for the route has been processed to provide a detailed digital terrain model of the study area and extant earthworks, also providing landscape context to the record of archaeological features in the area.
Earthwork features identified along the route largely appear to relate to agricultural use of the land - remains of ridge and furrow cultivation, defunct field boundaries etc. However, a mound identified at Furzehill, Bilsby may represent an earlier feature, perhaps a burial mound.
The most numerous class of feature are the watercourses of various types (whether surviving as silt-filled roddens or down-cutting channels). The history of water management within the Lincolnshire fenland is long and complex, and earlier attempts not well documented. Even where wholly natural, the nature of the fenland is such that extinct channels will have had a significant impact on past human occupation and exploitation of these wetland areas. Any information forthcoming as to the date or sequence of such channels has the potential to inform our understanding of this past human occupation. However, any dateable deposits may be at considerable depth and, depending on the scale of any excavation, impacts of construction on the resource may be limited.
Searches for aerial photographic coverage were obtained from the Historic England Archive, supplemented with review of Google Earth historical imagery (2001-2016). Two hundred and twenty-two specialist obliques and nearly three hundred vertical images covering the years 1941- 2002. were examined. Selected photographs were rectified against digital base-mapping using a projective transformation and features plotted onto the map base using standard conventions.
Mapped features are concentrated in two main areas with quite different histories: the Witham and Holland Fens in the southwest, and the Lincolnshire Wolds in the north and centre. West Fen north of Boston and Lincolnshire March approaching the coast are almost devoid of features.
The cropmark features identified in Bicker Fen – enclosures, field boundaries, trackways, sinuous watercourses - are fairly typical of those seen across the southern Lincolnshire fenland and largely attributable to expansion of settlement onto reclaimed land in the Romano-British period, along with evidence for later phases of drainage and reclamation into the Post-Medieval period.
On the higher ground of the Lincolnshire Wolds evidence is known of much earlier occupation but the majority of the cropmarks identified appear likely to belong to the late Iron Age/Roman period or potentially later. In the Lincolnshire Marsh evidence for prehistoric and Roman activity is occasionally found but in the lower-lying areas this is normally buried by a significant depth of marine silt (e.g. the frequent saltern sites found to the south around Addlethorpe, identified in the sides of deeper drainage ditches). Nothing is evident on the air photographs examined.
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Viking Link: Boygrift to North Ing Drove , Lincolnshire Onshore Cable Route
Air-Photographic and Lidar Assessment
CONTENTS
SUMMARY ...... 2 CONTENTS ...... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ...... 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 4 1. INTRODUCTION...... 5 1.1 Background ...... 5 1.2 Site Topography and Geology ...... 5 2. METHODOLOGY ...... 5 3. RESULTS ...... 8 3.1 Lidar 3.2 Air-Photographic 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 16 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 18
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Location of Study Area. 1:150000 @ A3 Figure 2 Historic England Archive aerial photographic coverage. 1:135000 @ A3 Figure 3 Environment Agency lidar coverage along the route. 1:135000 @ A3 Figure 4 Features identified from lidar survey. (1 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 5 Features identified from lidar survey. (2 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 6 Features identified from lidar survey. (3 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 7 Features identified from lidar survey. (4 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 8 Features identified from lidar survey. (5 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 9 Features identified from lidar survey. (6 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 10 Features identified from air-photographic survey. (1 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 11 Features identified from air-photographic survey. (2 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 12 Features identified from air-photographic survey. (3 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 13 Features identified from air-photographic survey. (4 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 14 Features identified from air-photographic survey. (5 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 15 Features identified from air-photographic survey. (6 of 6). 1:25000 @ A3
TEXT FIGURES
Figure T1 Site GE1 - cropmarks visible following curve of roddon silts (L1) with later watercourse and rectilinear pattern evident through centre of field. Figure T2 Site AP5 – enclosure group and field boundaries in Donington Middle Fen Figure T3 Site GE7 – Sausthorpe: small enclosures, boundaries and pits Figure T4 River Witham and former channels at Langrick Bridge Figure T5 L61 - Circular mound at Furzehill, Beesby
Appendix 1: HE Archive Air-Photographic listings
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Prepared by Steve Malone, Project Manager
Date 18th April 2017
Approved by Howard Jones, Regional Director
Signed
Date 18th April 2017
Report Number 019/2017
Status Final Report
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Arcadis are thanked for commissioning this work and providing background information. Staff at the Historic England Archive, Swindon for assistance during air photographic searches.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Viking Link is a proposed 1400 megawatt (MW) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) electricity link between the Danish and British transmission systems. It will allow electricity to be exchanged between Great Britain and Denmark. The Project comprises approximately 760 km of Direct Current (DC) onshore and offshore electricity transmission cables between new converter stations at each end of the Project. These are in turn connected to the high voltage electricity transmission networks at existing substations at Revsing, south Jutland in Denmark and Bicker Fen, Lincolnshire in Great Britain.
The UK Onshore Scheme comprises:
• Onshore underground high voltage DC cables from a landfall at Boygrift, East Lindsey on the Lincolnshire coast to a new converter station; • New converter station at North Ing Drove, South Holland to change electricity between DC and AC or vice versa depending on direction of operation; • Onshore underground AC cables from the converter station to new equipment within the existing Bicker Fen 400 kV substation which connects to the electricity transmission system.
The onshore route from the Lincolnshire coast starting at Boygrift, East Lindsey, runs generally westwards to pass north of Aldford before turning towards the southwest to pass close to Spilsby and then crossing West Fen and the River Witham to eventually arrive at North Ing Drove, Donington and the substation at Bicker Fen, a distance of some 60km (Figure 1).
Consultation has suggested that the Study Area has the potential to impact upon cultural heritage assets and/or buried archaeological remains. The current report comprises air- photographic and lidar assessment of the proposed DC cable working width (a 400m buffer centred on the proposed DC cable route).
1.2 Topography and Geology
The Study Area traverses the low-lying coastal zone of the Lincolnshire Marsh on the North Sea coast, rising to cross the southern end of the Lincolnshire Wolds before falling into West Fen, crossing the course of the River Witham west of Boston, to the Witham Fens. The area is low- lying, hardly rising above 3m AOD, and in parts of East Fen falling at or below sea level. Bedrock geology comprises Cretaceous chalk at the eastern end with Jurassic sandstone, siltstone and mudstone further west, moving onto the Ampthill and Kimmeridge Clay. However, all of these deposits are buried beneath varying depths of marine alluvium (with isolated occurrences of glacial till deposits towards the northeastern end and forming the Stickney morraine between East and West Fens).
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Mapping features from aerial photography
2.1.1 Crop-mark formation Aerial photography can identify archaeological features in cultivated land through two principal mechanisms which offer different responses at different times of the year (Palmer and Cox 1993).
Cereal crops are particularly responsive to variations in moisture levels due to underlying archaeological features and these can show as colour differences in the ripening crop. The best response tends to be in the early summer months of June and July. In good conditions linear ditched features and even individual pits can be clearly visible, but responses can be influenced
______5 Viking Link: Air-Photographic and Lidar Assessment by a number of factors. The absence of cropmarks does not necessarily indicate an absence of archaeological features.
Archaeological features can also sometimes be distinguished as differences in soil colour in winter months in ploughed fields or when crop cover is low. This is also the best time of year to pick out features surviving as earthworks, especially in uncultivated land, with the low angle of the sun showing up subtle height differences which would not be visible at other times of year.
Uncultivated, pasture fields can also show buried features as ‘parch marks’ towards the end of very dry summers, caused by the withering of the plants above buried walls or foundations.
All of these can be confounded by natural variation, with natural faults and variations in underlying deposits often causing similar differences in crop growth and/or colour differences in bare winter soils. These tend to be rather more irregular and less well-defined than those with an archaeological origin but are a potential cause of confusion.
2.1.2 Sources of photography The most informative photographs tend to be those resulting from specialist reconnaissance undertaken when conditions for cropmark formation are at their best. Photographs are generally taken with a hand-held camera and the resulting ‘oblique’ views can offer great detail of significant sites. However, coverage is inevitably biased towards the more obvious or readily understandable sites. As long as sufficient control information is included within the view these can generally be very accurately mapped.
Systematic vertical photography has been undertaken by a variety of bodies, including the RAF and Ordnance Survey. These are taken with a fixed camera in a series of overlapping views. The whole of England has been covered from 1946 onwards. Generally a series of photographs of different dates will be available for a study area. However, these may not have been taken at optimum times of the year for distinguishing archaeological features and are often relatively small scale leading to difficulties in interpretation and accurate mapping.
2. 1.2 Cover Search
Searches for aerial photographic coverage were obtained from and the Historic England Archive (the Cambridge University Collection of Air Photographs is currently closed). NMR cover search returned: one hundred and fifty-nine obliques, taken between 1952 and 2009 and almost four hundred vertical images from sixty-seven sorties between 1940 and 2001. Appendix 1-3 provide a full listing.
Oblique coverage is focused principally in Holland Fen and on the Wolds around Spilsby, with photographs ranging in date from 1969 to 2009; many have previously been mapped and form the basis for existing HER records. Vertical coverage is more systematic, as would be expected, but provides less detail. All of the oblique photographs were examined, but owing to the large numbers, not all vertical photographs were inspected. Samples of the sorties were examined to assess quality of the photographs and likely suitability (in terms of time of year/time of day) for recording of cropmarks and earthworks. The most informative were inspected in detail providing a date range of 1940-2003. Vertical and oblique photography was supplemented with review of Google Earth historical imagery which provides a range of images dating from 2001 to 2016.
2.1.4 Interpretation and mapping
Photographs were examined by eye and under slight magnification where appropriate. Digital scans and laser copies of the most informative photographs were obtained and selected photographs rectified against digital base-mapping using a projective transformation in QGIS
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2.16. Rectified images were imported into QGIS 2.16 and features plotted onto the map base using standard conventions.
2. 2 Lidar As sessment
Background The use of Airborne Laser Altimetry, more often referred to as lidar (light detection and ranging), for archaeological survey has become increasingly established (Crutchley and Crow 2010). Lidar uses the properties of coherent laser light, coupled with precise spatial positioning (through the use of a Differential GPS) to produce horizontally and vertically accurate elevation measurements. This data has considerable potential for archaeological research in terms of mapping archaeological sites where features survive as upstanding earthworks and for understanding the setting of archaeological remains in areas such as the Lincolnshire Fenland where very subtle, but nonetheless significant, changes in relief are not easily mapped using other methods (Malone 2012).
The Environment Agency (EA) has undertaken extensive areas of lidar survey in coastal zones and river valleys for the purposes of flood risk management. For upland areas coverage is less extensive, hence the gaps in coverage here over the Lincolnshire Wolds (Figure 3).
2.2 .1 Environment Agency lidar data is provided as ASCII data in ESRI ASCII grid format. Each .asc file covers an area 1km by 1km. The dataset used in the current study has a resolution of 2m, each tile comprising 500,000 elevation data points (higher resolution data is available in some areas of the country). Two different data sets are available for each tile:
i) DSM = Ditigal Surface Model, i.e. the unfiltered elevation data; ii) DTM = Digital Terrain Model; filtered data, with vegetation and tall buildings removed and ground levels at these points interpolated
All processing here has been undertaken on the filtered Digital Terrain Model dataset with vegetation etc removed. The vertical accuracy of the data is quoted as +/-6cm to +/-15cm. Relative (point to point) accuracy, more relevant for detailed archaeological mapping, is generally 5-7cm or better (Jones et al . 2007, 1576)
2.2 .2 A full set of processed map tiles for the Lincolnshire Fenland was produced in earlier English Heritage funded projects and is lodged with the County Historic Environment Record (Malone 2012). The colour scale developed for this earlier project has been adopted here and is shown in the key to Figures 4-9: generally blue areas are lower-lying; with green, yellow and brown showing higher elevations.
The EA lidar data tiles were read into SAGA GIS 2.1 to create a continuous raster grid surface model with mosaicked data exported to allow further processing and visualisation techniques to be applied using the Relief Visualisation Toolbox produced by the Slovenian Research Agency Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies. Standard processing utilised combines constrained colour shading with relief modelling and positive/negative openness. Different processing techniques can highlight some features and potentially diminish others. It is important to remember that these are representations of sets of data which have been filtered to remove buildings or tree cover. This has the potential to alter the rest of the data set too, so that the final processed image may not be as objectively 'true' as a straightforward air photograph, but requires a degree of interpretation.
Processed imagery was combined into finished models using QGIS 2.16 and output as GeoTIFF imagery allowing incorporation into GIS systems or combination with other data sources within MapInfo or other GIS systems to produce composite plans. A plot of features was produced as a digitised overlay.
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3. RESULTS (Figures 2-15)
3.1 L idar The lidar digital surface model reveals various categories of feature ranging from natural (but possibly human modified) watercourses in Holland Fen and West Fen to medieval (and possibly earlier) earthwork features on the Lincolnshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Marsh.
The management of water has been a major consideration in the exploitation of the low-lying fenland areas and channel features, both natural and man-made are frequently seen. The patterns of former salt marsh drainage can result in a branching network of innumerable small channels which are difficult to individually map and catalogue. As a consequence these have generally been grouped together where they can be seen to form part of the same drainage system and numbered accordingly.
Earthwork features, mostly of likely medieval or later date, are well recorded. These are concentrated in the northern and eastern part of the survey area in the Lincolnshire Wolds and on the edge of the Lincolnshire Marsh. The majority are essentially of agricultural origin relating to the use and management of the field systems still evident today (although there are occasional instances of banks or ditches which appear to be earlier than the current layout). Removed field boundaries are often quite evident, leaving behind the traces of an infilled ditch or associated bank. Where such relict banks and ditches conform with extant field systems and/or can be identified on 19th century mapping they are not catalogued separately.
Features identified in the lidar survey have been allocated ID numbers and are listed in the table below and numbered on Figures 4-9. Sites of particular interest are discussed further (and illustrated where informative) below.
CATALOGUE Key to features identified from lidar survey ID Type Description Related to L1 ro ddon system drains eastwards ; settlement of Bicker [ cropmarks ?] AP1, GE1 sits atop these raised silts L2 roddon system drains eastwards ; tributary roddon to L7 L3 roddon system drains eastwards ; tributary roddon to L7 L4 roddon system drains eastwards ; tributary roddon to L7 L5 roddon system drains eastwards ; tributary roddon to L7 L6 roddon system drains eastwards ; tributary roddon to L7 L7 roddon system drains generally eastwards; overlain by later silts GE4 associated with Bicker Haven L8 rod don system drains eastwards; tributary roddon to L7 L9 roddon system drains eastwards; tributary roddon associated with later phases of L14 L10 roddon system drains eastwards to join L12 L11 roddon system drains south -eastwards; tributary roddon to L 12 L12 roddon system major roddon falling in with L14 to drain south - eastwards towards Bicker Haven L13 roddon system tributary roddon to L12/ L14 draining south - AP14, GE6 eastwards towards Bicker Haven L14 roddon system major roddon draining southeas t towards Swineshead and Bicker Haven; A17 sits atop this roddon L15 roddon system tributary roddon draining southwards towards L14 L16 roddon system tributary roddons draining northwards to join L18 L17 roddon system minor tributary roddon; overlie s L16 draining south towards L14
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L18 roddon system large tributary roddon draining north probably joining L20/L21 upstream of cable crossing L19 roddon system minor tributary roddon draining NE towards L20 L20 roddon system major tributary roddon of L21 L21 roddon system major roddon associated with prehistoric course of AP15 River Witham L22 roddon system minor tributary roddon draining SW towards L21 L23 artificial channel former courses of River Witham prior to 18th century canalisation; Langrick 'long reach' 1162 L24 river channel former courses of River Witham prior to 18th century canalisation; earlier than L23? L25 roddon system minor tributary roddon draining SE to join L26 L26 roddon system tributary roddon draining SE to join L30 L27 roddon system tributary roddon draining east wards towards L28? uncertainly connected L28 roddon system tributary roddon draining eastwards towards L30 L29 roddon system tributary roddon draining east and south towards L30 L30 roddon system major roddon system draining West Fen south towards prehistoric Witham L31 roddon system tributary roddon draining east and south to join L33 L32 roddon system tributary roddon draining east and south to join L33 L33 roddon system major tributary roddon d raining south to join L30 L34 roddon system tributary roddon draining south to join L33 L35 Linear hollow different alignment to modern boundaries L36 ridge and furrow widely spaced ridging - ?dylings - pattern interrupted by West Fen Catchwater Drain L37 ridge and furrow widely spaced ridging - ?dylings L38 linear banks and earlier field divisions (mostly present on C19 hollows mapping, inc. smaller rectangular enclosure L39 agricultural features former field boundary and widely spaces ridging L40 mound connected with East Kirkby airfield immediately to west? L41 agricultural features slight banks partly on different alignment to existing, but partly matching C19 mapping L42 agricultural features slight banks prob including former field d ivisions; some possibly due to recent agricultural activities (envelope pattern) L43 agricultural features former field divisions, some seen on C19 mapping L44 agricultural features former field division C19 and wide ridging L45 agricultural features wide ridging L46 watercourse curvilinear hollow - former boundary or drain/watercourse L47 earthworks linear hollow and banks at NW corner of field former boundaries L48 agricultural features wide ridging L49 agricultural features wide ridging L50 earthwork bank - not conforming to current field layout L51 earthwork bank - not conforming to current field layout L52 agricultural features wide ridging L53 earthworks field boundaries - alignments fit current pattern but extending NW across C19 boundary L54 agricultural features former field division C19 and possible ridging L55 agricultural features wide ridging
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L56 agricultural features former field divisions, some seen on C19 mapping L57 agricultural features former field divisions C1 9; and wide ridging L58 agricultural features former field divisions some seen on C19 mapping; wide ridging; pond/quarry pit L59 agricultural features former field divisions some seen on C19 mapping others less clear L60 earthworks Saleby Manor moat L61 earthwork circular mound; other earthworks here visible as boundaries on C19 mapping L62 agricultural features wide ridging L63 agricultural features former field divisions C19; and wide ridging L64 watercourse sinuous watercourse - earlier tha n current field layout/drainage pattern L65 linear hollow boundary/drain crossing C19 mapped boundary; other earthworks here visible as boundaries on C19 mapping L66 ridge and furrow sinuous
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3. 2 Air -photographic
The results are shown on Figures 10-15 and in the Catalogue below. Some photographs catalogued by the HE Archive with a centre point grid reference falling within the Study Area in fact show cropmark features outside of it and these are not mapped. Identified features are concentrated in two main areas (and vary in character accordingly). Cropmark features are fairly widespread (if not particularly dense) in the southwest of the Study Area in Bicker Fen and north- eastwards towards the River Witham. In character, these largely suggest a Romano-British origin (although some features probably relate to later drainage activities). Towards the centre of the route, where it crosses the Lincolnshire Wolds and the valley of the River Lymn in the vicinity of Spilsby there is a further concentration of potentially Iron Age or Romano-British sites as well as some earthwork remains of probably medieval date.
Mapped features are described below in geographical order from southwest to northeast, grouped according to location/parish:
Archaeological features Sites AP1 (=GE1), AP2, AP3, AP5: Donington parish. These all lie towards the south-western end of the study area within Middle Fen. Ditched boundaries, small enclosure and trackways are seen intermittently, part of a pattern of settlement, of likely Romano-British date. A Google Earth image here (GE1) shows greater detail than the obliques emphasising the focus of settlement on the higher roddon silts (L1).
Figure T1: Site GE1 - cropmarks visible following curve of roddon silts (L1) with later watercourse and rectilinear pattern evident through centre of field.
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Figure T2: Site AP5 – enclosure group and field boundaries in Donington Middle Fen
Site AP4: Little Hale parish. Field boundaries and trackway adjacent to the South Forty Foot Drain in Little Hale Fen. Probably related to (and of similar date to) cropmarks immediately to the east in Donington.
Sites AP6, AP7, AP8, AP9, AP10, AP11, GE2, GE3: Bicker Parish. Ditched boundaries, small enclosure and trackways, sinuous roddons in Bicker Fen. Only intermittently visible but probably part of the wider landscape of Romano-British settlement.
Site AP12, AP14, GE4, GE6: Swineshead parish. Ditched boundaries, small enclosures in West Low Fen. Field boundaries; sinuous watercourse at Gibbet Hills on the higher ground of the wide roddon L14 The very straight linears in GE4 appear confined to that land parcel (and are paralleled by drainage features) so probably post-medieval in date but earlier features in differing alignments are also evident.
Site AP13, GE5, GE11: Great Hale. Enclosures, field boundaries, trackways, sinuous watercourse, probably part of the wider landscape of Romano-British settlement.
Site AP15: Langriville. Linear boundaries, trackway. ?Romano-British in date. Sits on the wide silts of the River Witham roddon L21.
Site AP16: Thornton le Fen. Single straight feature confined to these land parcels. Probably post- medieval removed boundary or drain. ______12 Viking Link: Air-Photographic and Lidar Assessment
Site AP17: East Keal. Single small rectangular enclosure at Glebe Farm.
Site AP18: Raithby. Small enclosure, field boundaries. Lymn Valley. Iron Age/ Romano-British?
Sites AP19, GE7: Sausthorpe. Small enclosures, field boundaries, pits west of East Farm (GE7 provides best view). Iron Age/ Romano-British (or post-Roman?)
Figure T3: Site GE7 – Sausthorpe: small enclosures, boundaries and pits
Site AP20, AP25, GE10: Langton by Spilsby. Enclosures, field boundaries, trackway north of East Farm; small enclosures, boundaries west of Langton Grange Farm. Iron Age/ Romano-British.
Site AP21, AP24: Langton by Spilsby and Dalby. Ridge and furrow (now ploughed out – not visible on lidar survey). Linear boundary.
Sites AP22, AP23, GE8, GE9: Harrington. Enclosures field boundaries, ring ditches. Extensive cropmarks west of Grange Farm. Iron Age/ Romano-British.
Site AP26, Ulceby with Fordington. Linear boundaries, trackway (?road). Romano-British?
Site AP27: Aswardby. Small enclosure, linear boundary.
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CATALOGUE Key to features identified from aerial photography ID Description Date Related to Photograph AP1 field boundaries; sinuous roddon ?RB GE1, L1 TF1836/4 AP2 field boundaries; sinuous roddon ?RB TF1837/12 AP3 field boundaries; sinuous roddon (?flanking ditches) ?RB TF1837/21 AP4 field boundaries; trackway ?RB TF1738/2 AP5 enclosures, field boundaries, trackway ?RB TF1937/7-9 AP6 enclosure; rectilinear field boundaries; sinuous TF2039/6 roddon ?RB AP7 AP7 field boundaries ?RB AP6 TF2039/6 AP8 enclosure; rectilinear field boundaries; sinuous TF2039/6 roddon (flanking ditches) ?RB AP10 AP9 field boundaries, trackway ?RB AP10 TF2039/8 AP10 field boundaries, trackway ?RB AP9 TF2039/5 AP11 rectilinear field boundaries; sinuous watercourse ?RB TF2039/5 AP12 enclosures, field boundaries ?RB L8 TF2041/1 AP13 enclosure, field boundaries, trackway sinuous TF1941/1-2 watercourse ?RB GE5 AP14 field boundaries; sinuous watercourse RB?Med GE6, L14 TF2043/1-2 AP15 field boundaries; trackway Med GE5 TF2549/1 AP16 field boundary ?linear drainage ?Med TF2851/1 AP17 enclosure RB?Med TF3764/8-9 AP18 enclosure; field boundaries RB?Med TF3768/4-7 AP19 IA?post TF3968/4-5 enclosures, field boundaries, pits Roman GE7 AP20 TF3969/13- enclosures, field boundaries; trackway IA?RB GE10 15 AP21 RAF/106G/ ridge and furrow Med LA/120 AP22 TF3770/26- enclosures field boundaries, ring ditch IA?RB GE8 31 AP23 enclosures field boundaries, ring ditch IA?RB GE9 TF3770/34 AP24 field boundary, ?drainage ?Med TF4071/13 AP25 TF3972/12- field boundaries; enclosures IA?RB 15 AP26 TF4074/13- field boundaries; trackways IA?RB 21 AP27 field boundary, small enclosure RB?Med TF3769/29 GE1 field boundaries, enclosures, ring-ditches, 2005, 2010 watercourses RB AP1, L1 GE2 linear drainage RB?Med 2007 GE3 trackway ?RB 2007 GE4 ?RB, 2007 sinuous ditches, rectilinear boundaries Med/PM GE5 enclosure, field boundaries, sinuous watercourse AP13 2004, 2007 GE6 field boundaries; sinuous watercourse RB?Med AP14, L14 2001, 2007 GE7 IA?post 2005 enclosures, field boundaries, pits Roman AP19
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GE8 enclosures field boundaries, ring ditch IA?RB AP22 2005 GE9 enclosure IA?RB AP23 2005 GE10 enclosures field boundaries IA?RB AP20 2005 GE11 enclosure, field boundaries, trackway sinuous 2004 watercourse ?RB
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4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
4.1 Discussion
Cropmarks Bicker Fen and Holland Fen lie towards the northern limits of the swathe of Romano-British settlement on the south-western fen edge (Hayes and Lane 1992, 210-213). This developed on the marine silts from the later first century, through a concerted effort at drainage and settlement perhaps aided/stimulated by environmental changes. Post-Roman flooding brought this widespread settlement to an end and much of the area appears to have remained largely undeveloped prior to medieval and post-medieval drainage. Here the features visible on aerial photography – enclosures, field boundaries, trackways, sinuous watercourses - for the most part appear to relate to this phase of Romano-British occupation. The exceptions are wide, straight, drainage features, aligning on elements of the extant post-medieval pattern of fields and drains, which are likely to represent defunct elements of medieval and post-medieval fenland drainage. On the higher ground of the Lincolnshire Wolds evidence is known of much earlier occupation but the majority of the cropmarks identified appear likely to belong to the late Iron Age/Roman period or potentially later.
Medieval earthworks Few are noted, with the exception of some small blocks of ridge and furrow. Broader ridging visible in some areas may be a remnant of formerly more coherent patterns, or may relate to later agricultural use of these land parcels. A moat at Saleby Manor lies close to the northern edge of the Study Area and falls partly within.
Artificial watercourses The adaptation and modification of the natural drainage system within the fenland has a long and complex history (Wheeler, W.H. 1896). Few maps exist prior to the 18 th century (Wheeler, R.C. 2008) and it is not always easy to distinguish an entirely natural channel from one which has been modified and managed for drainage. However, straighter, more regular lengths are more easily categorised and these have been particularly noted. These fen dykes often have a dual character, in that the excavation of the dyke also creates a raised bank, and these may be placed in such a way that the dyke acts as a flood defence. The latter may be more obvious in the lidar plots but both would have had important parts to play in the embankment and drainage of the fen.
These features are ubiquitous in the fenland, many representing merely local (and not necessarily long-lived) solution to problems of water management. Few would provide very much in the way of dating evidence except where there might be organic sediment, but this might be deeply buried.
Fenland roddons One of the most striking things about the Lincolnshire fenland landscape – and strikingly evident in the lidar mapping – is the network of roddons, extinct silt-filled channels. Differential compaction and shrinkage under drainage means that these now stand higher than the surrounding land, especially in areas of former peatland, and the pattern of former drainage is picked up by the lidar surveys.
These roddons vary in channel width from as little as 2m to over 1km and in depth from c. 1m to 10 m. These channels can be placed in a hierarchy comparable to those established for fluvial networks (Smith 2010, 8-9). The largest ‘trunk’ roddons are 250m to over 1000m in width. These may have had considerable freshwater input and be, essentially, Fenland palaeo-river channels. Tributary roddons branching off these typically have blind endings inland and can be characterised as salt marsh channels, with both water and sediment sourced from the sea.
The processes of formation of roddons are imperfectly understood and there may be several processes at work. The tidal, salt-marsh creeks can become choked with marine sediment. Recent studies have suggested that these were generally rapidly filled (i.e. as a result of extreme ______16 Viking Link: Air-Photographic and Lidar Assessment flood events) with uniform, coarse-grained sediment and little or no clay settling in the main channels until the very latest stages of roddon infill (Smith 2010). The fresh water, riverine channels have a different evolution with levees building up through deposition of silt in the shallow gradients of the fenland (although these same shallow gradients can mean that the marine influence is considerable). Where rivers have diverted, either naturally or through canalisation, the final active river course can sometimes still be seen as a down-cutting channel.
The cable route traverses several roddon systems of differing, but uncertain, dates. In West Fen a large branching roddon (L30/L33) drains southwards to join the former course of the River Witham. The river itself is crossed northwest of Langrick Bridge, here a wide roddon up to 2km across (L21) and probably representing the late Neolithic and Bronze Age river, once tidal almost as far up as Lincoln (French and Rackham 2001, 35). Further south and west we encounter roddon systems draining southwards and eastwards towards Bicker Haven and the River Welland. Despite similar alignments, the elevation of these varies considerably, the higher silts (L1, L9, L14) probably relating to the early medieval drainage into Bicker Haven, the lower (L7) probably representing a considerably earlier drainage regime.
These former watercourses have influenced human settlement in a number of ways. As active channels these have provided access to the sea and marine resources (and conversely access to inland areas from the coast). The salt-marsh creeks have also formed a focus for early salt production. Once infilled, the roddons often provide firmer, slightly elevated, dryer ground within the fen and have proved attractive to later settlement (e.g. the cropmark sites in Bicker Fen).
4.2 Conclusions
4.2.1 Lidar Lidar survey provides a detailed digital terrain model of the majority of the Study Area (excepting parts of the Lincolnshire Wolds where coverage is less extensive), also providing landscape context to the record of archaeological features in the area. The resolution of the Environment Agency data is sufficient to identify surviving medieval earthworks including settlement remains and ridge and furrow.
The most numerous class of feature are the watercourses. Increased knowledge of the dating of these features, whether natural or artificial, would contribute to understanding of human occupation and exploitation of the fenland over time and potentially mitigate adverse effects from construction, but in most cases the potential impact on the resource may be limited and any dateable deposits may be at considerable depth. Key point of potential interest can be highlighted, however:
L14. A major roddon draining southeast towards Swineshead and into Bicker Haven. Period of activity unknown but inland it potentially links with a known middle Saxon trading centre (Richards et al 2009, 4.4.54) perhaps forming a contemporary active watercourse providing a link to The Wash and North Sea.
L23/24 . Pre-canalisation channels of the River Witham at Langrick Bridge. Channel 23 is shown on 18th century maps and is known to represent the last active river channel prior to canalisation into its current course (Wheeler, R.C. 2008). It is possible that this long and relatively straight length (approaching 3km) is the 'long reach' giving rise to the place name Langrick, in which case it may be as early as the 12th century. The sinuous channel form L24 along the northern margins of the roddon possibly represents the pre-12th century channel (although there may have been more than one active channel in times of flood).
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Figure T4: River Witham and former channels at Langrick Bridge
L60. Earthworks associated with the moat at Saleby Manor. These intrude only a short way into the Study Area and should be easily avoided.
L61 . Circular mound, c. 30m in diameter and 1m in height on low-lying ground at Furzehill, Beesby alongside the Wold Grift Drain. Perhaps a burial mound (although the diameter is on the large side); not obviously well placed for e.g. windmill mound. However, the glacial geology at the foot of the Wolds here does give rise to isolated hummocks, if generally on a much larger scale.
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Figure T5: Circular mound at Furzehill, Beesby
4.2.2 Air -photographic
Mapped features are concentrated in two main areas with quite different histories. In Bicker Fen and Holland Fen cropmark features are fairly widespread (if notably denser in Bicker Fen than north-eastwards towards the River Witham). In character, these largely suggest a Romano-British origin (although some features probably relate to later drainage activities). Across West Fen nothing of potential human origin is seen (although the vertical photographs do show up the pattern of ancient drainage quite clearly). In the northern central part of the route where it crosses the southern end of the Lincolnshire Wolds and the valley of the River Lymn there is a further concentration of cropmarks of potential Iron Age and Roman date. Towards the eastern end of the route into the Lincolnshire Marsh little is seen. Although evidence for late Iron Age and Roman activity is occasionally found in the form of saltern sites, these are normally buried by a significant depth of marine silt and have most often been identified in the site of deeper drainage ditches.
Some of the sites are fairly extensive and might be difficult to avoid given the currently defined route corridors – e.g. the sites in Donington and Bicker Fen (AP1-13) particularly and also those at Harrington (AP22, 23) and Raithby (AP18). Moreover, the limits of sites as mapped represent only the limits of available air-photographic evidence, archaeological features may extend beyond these boundaries.
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5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bennett, R., Welham, K., Hill, R.A. and Ford, A. 2012 ‘A Comparison of Visualization Techniques for Models Created from Airborne Laser Scanned Data’, Archaeological Prospection 19, 41–48
Bewley, R.H. 1998 Lincolnshire’s Archaeology from the Air , Occasional Papers in Lincolnshire History and Archaeology 11, Lincoln
Catney, S. and Start, D. 2001 Time and Tide. The Archaeology of the Witham Valley, Sleaford
Challis, K., Forlin, P. and Kincey, M. 2011 ‘A generic toolkit for the visualisation of archaeological features on airborne lidar elevation data’, Archaeological Prospection 18.4, 279-289
Crutchley, S.P. and Crow, P. 2010 The Light Fantastic: Using airborne laser scanning in archaeological survey , Swindon: English Heritage
Devereux, B.J., Amable G.S., and Crow P. 2008 ‘Visualisation of LiDAR terrain models for archaeological feature detection’, Antiquity 82 , No. 316, 470–479
Hayes, P.P. and Lane, T.W. 1992 The Fenland Project Number 5: Lincolnshire Survey, The South- West Fens , East Anglian Archaeology 55
Jones, A.F., Brewer, P.A., Johnstone, E. and Macklin, M.G., 2007 ‘High-resolution interpretative geomorphological mapping of river valley environments using airborne LiDAR data’, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 32 , 1574–1592
Malone, S. 2012 Lincolnshire Fenland Lidar , unpublished APS report for English Heritage
Palmer, R. and Cox, C. 1993 Uses of aerial photography in archaeological evaluations . IFA technical Paper 12
Richards, J.D., Naylor, J. and Holas-Clark, C. 2009 'Anglo-Saxon Landscape and Economy: using portable antiquities to study Anglo-Saxon and Viking Age England', Internet Archaeology 25
Smith, D.M., Zalasiewicza, J.A., Williams, M., Wilkinson I.P., Redding, M. and Begg, C. 2010 ‘Holocene drainage systems of the English Fenland: roddons and their environmental significance’, Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 121.3, 256–269
Waller, M., 1994 The Fenland Project Number 9. Flandrian Environmental Change in Fenland . East Anglian Archaeology, 70. Cambridge Archaeological Committee. pp. 353.
Wheeler R.C. 2008 Maps of the Witham Fens from the Thirteenth to the Nineteenth Century , Lincoln
Wheeler, W.H. 1896 A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire, Being a Description of the Rivers Witham and Welland and their Estuary, and an Account of the Reclamation, Drainage, and Enclosure of the Fens Adjacent Thereto , Boston (2 nd edition)
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Appendix 1: HE Archive Air -Photographic listings
______21 HISTORIC ENGLAND Air Photographs
Customer oblique listing - Obliques, Standard Order Customer enquiry reference number: 104728
Photo reference Film and frame number Original number Date Film type Map (NGR and Index Reference (6 number) figure grid ref)
TF 1738 / 2 NMR 963 / 371-372 11 JUL 1976 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 179384 TF 1738 / 6 NMR 1665 / 382-384 25 JUL 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 179384 TF 1738 / 13 NMR 12413 / 17 13 AUG 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 177386 TF 1738 / 14 NMR 12413 / 18 13 AUG 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 177386 TF 1738 / 15 NMR 12413 / 19 13 AUG 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 177386 TF 1738 / 16 NMR 12413 / 20 13 AUG 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 177386 TF 1738 / 19 NMR 12410 / 55 21 JUN 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 178383 TF 1738 / 20 NMR 12410 / 56 21 JUN 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 179382 TF 1738 / 21 NMR 12410 / 57 21 JUN 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 179382 TF 1738 / 22 NMR 12410 / 58 21 JUN 1993 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 179382 TF 1738 / 31 NMR 12468 / 11 31 MAY 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 177386 TF 1738 / 32 NMR 12468 / 12 31 MAY 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 177386 TF 1837 / 1 CAP 7858 / 15 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 183373 TF 1837 / 2 CAP 7858 / 16 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 3 CAP 7858 / 17 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 4 CAP 7858 / 18 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 5 CAP 7858 / 19 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 6 CAP 7858 / 20 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 7 CAP 7858 / 21 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 8 CAP 7858 / 22 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 189373 TF 1837 / 9 CAP 7858 / 23 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 183373 TF 1837 / 10 CAP 7858 / 24 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1972 Black & white Unknown TF 183373 TF 1837 / 11 NMR 1976 / 047 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 184373 TF 1837 / 13 NMR 1976 / 048 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 184373 TF 1837 / 14 NMR 1976 / 049 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 184373 TF 1837 / 15 NMR 1976 / 050 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 184373 TF 1837 / 21 NMR 15020 / 55 26 APR 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 180378 TF 1937 / 1 NMR 1976 / 045 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 194373 TF 1937 / 2 NMR 1976 / 069 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 197378 TF 1937 / 7 NMR 4465 / 14 29 MAR 1989 Colour slide 35 mm TF 195375 TF 1937 / 8 NMR 4465 / 15 29 MAR 1989 Colour slide 35 mm TF 195374 TF 1937 / 9 NMR 4465 / 16 29 MAR 1989 Colour slide 35 mm TF 195373 TF 1937 / 10 NMR 4465 / 17 29 MAR 1989 Colour slide 35 mm TF 195375 TF 1937 / 11 NMR 1976 / 070 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 197378 TF 1937 / 12 NMR 1976 / 046 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 194373 TF 1941 / 1 NMR 1666 / 207-208 26 JUL 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 194415 TF 1941 / 2 NMR 1733 / 265-267 03 MAR 1980 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 193415 TF 2039 / 5 NMR 1665 / 402-404 25 JUL 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 204393 TF 2039 / 6 NMR 1976 / 032 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 203390 TF 2039 / 8 NMR 1976 / 084 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 205390 TF 2039 / 11 NMR 1976 / 085 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 205390 TF 2039 / 12 NMR 1976 / 086 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 205390 TF 2039 / 13 NMR 1976 / 087 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 205390 TF 2039 / 14 NMR 1976 / 033 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 203390 TF 2039 / 15 NMR 1976 / 034 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 203390 TF 2039 / 16 NMR 1976 / 035 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 203390 TF 2041 / 1 NMR 1976 / 088 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 209412 TF 2041 / 2 NMR 1976 / 089 31 JUL 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 209412 TF 2042 / 1 NMR 1666 / 200-204 26 JUL 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 200425 TF 2042 / 2 BBS 457 / 019 F17 1969 Black & white 5x5" TF 208425 TF 2042 / 3 BBS 457 / 020 F17 1969 Black & white 5x5" TF 206426 TF 2043 / 1 NMR 1666 / 186-187 26 JUL 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 208435 TF 2043 / 2 NMR 1666 / 194-196 26 JUL 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 207435 TF 2549 / 1 NMR 11057 / 4-7 SEE PRINTS 04 AUG 1977 FCIR slide 70mm,120,220 TF 259496 TF 2649 / 1 NMR 1146 / 406-408 04 AUG 1977 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 261496 TF 2851 / 1 NMR 965 / 212-213 11 JUL 1976 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 286515 TF 3669 / 17 NMR 12325 / 21 11 AUG 1992 Colour slide 35 mm TF 369690 TF 3669 / 18 NMR 12325 / 22 11 AUG 1992 Colour slide 35 mm TF 369691 TF 3669 / 19 NMR 12352 / 01 11 AUG 1992 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 368691 TF 3669 / 20 NMR 12352 / 02 11 AUG 1992 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 367691 TF 3669 / 21 NMR 12352 / 03 11 AUG 1992 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 368692 TF 3669 / 22 NMR 12352 / 04 11 AUG 1992 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 367692 TF 3670 / 1 PLE 2924 / 19 SEE PRINTS 25 JUL 1976 Black & white 35 mm TF 369705 TF 3670 / 3 NMR 2266 / 62-68 23 AUG 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 368706 TF 3670 / 4 NMR 2266 / 69-75 23 AUG 1979 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 368706 TF 3670 / 16 NMR 4982 / 79 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 368706 TF 3670 / 17 NMR 4982 / 80 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 368707 TF 3670 / 32 NMR 12494 / 78 28 JUN 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 369706 TF 3670 / 33 NMR 12494 / 79 28 JUN 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 369706 TF 3670 / 37 NMR 12490 / 17 28 JUN 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 369706 TF 3670 / 38 NMR 12490 / 18 28 JUN 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 369706 TF 3670 / 46 NMR 20896 / 14 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 368705
18 January 2017 Rep. 1.2 Ver. 2.3 Enquiry ref: 104728 - © Historic England Page 1 of 2 HISTORIC ENGLAND Air Photographs
TF 3670 / 47 NMR 20896 / 15 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 368705 TF 3764 / 7 NMR 17612 / 60 20 JUL 2001 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 376648 TF 3764 / 8 NMR 17612 / 61 20 JUL 2001 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 376648 TF 3764 / 9 NMR 17599 / 16 20 JUL 2001 Colour slide 35 mm TF 376649 TF 3764 / 10 NMR 17599 / 17 20 JUL 2001 Colour slide 35 mm TF 376649 TF 3768 / 1 NMR 4994 / 11 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 372681 TF 3768 / 2 NMR 4994 / 12 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 372681 TF 3768 / 3 NMR 4994 / 13 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 372680 TF 3768 / 4 NMR 20803 / 58 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374683 TF 3768 / 5 NMR 20803 / 59 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374683 TF 3768 / 6 NMR 20803 / 60 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374683 TF 3768 / 7 NMR 20803 / 61 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374683 TF 3769 / 27 NMR 20896 / 50 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 370699 TF 3769 / 28 NMR 20896 / 51 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 370699 TF 3769 / 29 NMR 20896 / 52 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 370698 TF 3769 / 30 NMR 20896 / 53 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 370698 TF 3770 / 1 PLE 2924 / 21 SEE PRINTS 25 JUL 1976 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 2 PLE 2924 / 22 SEE PRINTS 25 JUL 1976 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 18 DNR 2401 / 31 26 JUL 1986 Black & white 35 mm TF 370705 TF 3770 / 19 DNR 2401 / 32 26 JUL 1986 Black & white 35 mm TF 370705 TF 3770 / 20 DNR 2401 / 33 26 JUL 1986 Black & white 35 mm TF 370705 TF 3770 / 21 PLE 5163 / 10 9 30 JUL 1977 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 22 PLE 5163 / 11 9 30 JUL 1977 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 23 NMR 4996 / 27 12 JUL 1990 Colour slide 35 mm TF 370707 TF 3770 / 24 NMR 4996 / 28 12 JUL 1990 Colour slide 35 mm TF 370707 TF 3770 / 26 NMR 12016 / 16 14 JUL 1990 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 27 NMR 12016 / 17 14 JUL 1990 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 28 NMR 12016 / 18 14 JUL 1990 Black & white 35 mm TF 370706 TF 3770 / 29 NMR 4982 / 74 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 370706 TF 3770 / 30 NMR 4982 / 75 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 370706 TF 3770 / 31 NMR 4982 / 76 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 370706 TF 3770 / 32 NMR 4982 / 77 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 370704 TF 3770 / 33 NMR 4982 / 78 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 370705 TF 3770 / 34 NMR 4982 / 81 12 JUL 1990 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 370709 TF 3770 / 72 NMR 20896 / 38 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 371706 TF 3770 / 73 NMR 20896 / 39 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 371706 TF 3770 / 74 NMR 20896 / 40 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 371706 TF 3771 / 1 NMR 20896 / 35 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374711 TF 3771 / 2 NMR 20896 / 36 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374711 TF 3771 / 3 NMR 20896 / 37 01 JUL 2009 Digital colour 35 mm TF 374711 TF 3868 / 6 NMR 20803 / 51 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 384684 TF 3868 / 7 NMR 20803 / 52 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 383683 TF 3868 / 8 NMR 20803 / 53 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 383684 TF 3868 / 9 NMR 20803 / 54 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 383684 TF 3868 / 10 NMR 20803 / 55 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 384685 TF 3868 / 11 NMR 20803 / 56 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 383684 TF 3868 / 12 NMR 20803 / 57 16 JUL 2008 Digital colour 35 mm TF 383684 TF 3872 / 1 NMR 1988 / 362 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 388720 TF 3872 / 5 NMR 1988 / 363 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 388720 TF 3872 / 6 NMR 1988 / 364 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 388720 TF 3968 / 1 NMR 4394 / 25 12 JUL 1989 Black & white 35 mm TF 392688 TF 3968 / 2 NMR 4394 / 26 12 JUL 1989 Black & white 35 mm TF 392688 TF 3968 / 3 NMR 4394 / 27 12 JUL 1989 Black & white 35 mm TF 392688 TF 3968 / 4 NMR 4428 / 14 12 JUL 1989 Colour slide 35 mm TF 393688 TF 3968 / 5 NMR 4428 / 15 12 JUL 1989 Colour slide 35 mm TF 393688 TF 3969 / 6 PLE 5167 / 8 13 31 JUL 1977 Black & white 35 mm TF 399696 TF 3969 / 13 NMR 12494 / 45 28 JUN 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397693 TF 3969 / 14 NMR 12494 / 46 28 JUN 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397693 TF 3969 / 15 NMR 12494 / 47 28 JUN 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397693 TF 3969 / 19 NMR 12489 / 29 28 JUN 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 397693 TF 3969 / 20 NMR 12489 / 30 28 JUN 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 397693 TF 3971 / 1 PLE 2924 / 1 SEE PRINTS 25 JUL 1976 Black & white 35 mm TF 397715 TF 3971 / 2 PLE 2924 / 2 SEE PRINTS 25 JUL 1976 Black & white 35 mm TF 397715 TF 3971 / 3 PLE 2924 / 3 SEE PRINTS 25 JUL 1976 Black & white 35 mm TF 397715 TF 3971 / 9 NMR 1988 / 354 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397715 TF 3971 / 10 NMR 1988 / 356 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397715 TF 3971 / 12 PLE 2945 / 22 26 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 13 PLE 2945 / 23 26 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 14 PLE 2945 / 24 26 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 15 PLE 2940 / 29 13 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 16 PLE 2940 / 30 13 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 17 PLE 2940 / 32 13 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 20 NMR 1988 / 357 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397715 TF 3971 / 21 NMR 1988 / 358 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397715 TF 3971 / 22 NMR 1988 / 359 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397715 TF 3971 / 24 NMR 1988 / 355 APR1675 11 AUG 1981 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397715 TF 3971 / 25 NMR 12710 / 21 24 JUL 1995 Colour slide 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 26 NMR 12710 / 22 24 JUL 1995 Colour slide 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 27 NMR 12713 / 17 24 JUL 1995 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399719 TF 3971 / 28 NMR 12713 / 18 24 JUL 1995 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399719 TF 3971 / 29 NMR 12713 / 19 24 JUL 1995 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399719 TF 3971 / 30 NMR 12713 / 20 24 JUL 1995 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399719 TF 3971 / 39 NMR 28039 / 03 22 JUN 2010 Digital colour 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3971 / 40 NMR 28039 / 04 22 JUN 2010 Digital colour 35 mm TF 399719 TF 3972 / 1 NMR 2131 / 1040 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397727
18 January 2017 Rep. 1.2 Ver. 2.3 Enquiry ref: 104728 - © Historic England Page 1 of 2 HISTORIC ENGLAND Air Photographs
TF 3972 / 2 NMR 2131 / 1048 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397721 TF 3972 / 5 NMR 2117 / 1104 08 JUN 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399725 TF 3972 / 8 NMR 2117 / 1109 08 JUN 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 396724 TF 3972 / 11 PLE 2940 / 31 13 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 393720 TF 3972 / 12 NMR 2131 / 1041 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397727 TF 3972 / 13 NMR 2131 / 1042 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397727 TF 3972 / 14 NMR 2131 / 1043 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397727 TF 3972 / 15 NMR 2131 / 1044 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397727 TF 3972 / 16 NMR 2131 / 1049 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397721 TF 3972 / 20 NMR 2117 / 1106 08 JUN 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399725 TF 3972 / 21 NMR 2117 / 1105 08 JUN 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 399725 TF 3972 / 22 NMR 2117 / 1110 08 JUN 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 396724 TF 3973 / 9 NMR 1740 / 356-363 02 APR 1980 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 397731 TF 4070 / 2 PLE 2945 / 27 26 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 403709 TF 4070 / 3 PLE 5167 / 18 13 31 JUL 1977 Black & white 35 mm TF 401701 TF 4070 / 4 NMR 12710 / 19 24 JUL 1995 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401709 TF 4070 / 5 NMR 12710 / 20 24 JUL 1995 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401709 TF 4070 / 6 NMR 12713 / 15 24 JUL 1995 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402709 TF 4070 / 7 NMR 12713 / 16 24 JUL 1995 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402709 TF 4070 / 8 NMR 17857 / 25 09 JUL 2003 Colour neg 35 mm TF 404705 TF 4071 / 10 NMR 2108 / 2080 APR1726 25 MAR 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 400712 TF 4071 / 13 PLE 2945 / 26 26 JAN 1980 Black & white 35 mm TF 403711 TF 4071 / 35 NMR 2108 / 2081 APR1726 25 MAR 1982 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 400712 TF 4073 / 1 NMR 933 / 402-404 16 MAY 1976 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 401735 TF 4073 / 2 NMR 933 / 418-419 16 MAY 1976 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 404735 TF 4073 / 8 NMR 2131 / 1050 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 10 NMR 2131 / 1051 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 11 NMR 2131 / 1052 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 12 NMR 2131 / 1053 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 13 NMR 2131 / 1054 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 14 NMR 2131 / 1055 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 15 NMR 2131 / 1056 APR1803 28 FEB 1983 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 405735 TF 4073 / 16 NMR 17473 / 36 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402735 TF 4073 / 17 NMR 17473 / 37 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402735 TF 4073 / 18 NMR 17473 / 38 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402735 TF 4073 / 19 NMR 17473 / 39 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402735 TF 4073 / 20 NMR 17473 / 40 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 403734 TF 4073 / 21 NMR 17473 / 41 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 403734 TF 4073 / 22 NMR 17473 / 42 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402735 TF 4073 / 23 NMR 17473 / 43 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 402735 TF 4073 / 26 NMR 17473 / 46 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 404733 TF 4073 / 27 NMR 17473 / 47 26 JUN 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 404733 TF 4073 / 28 NMR 17470 / 12 26 JUN 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4073 / 29 NMR 17470 / 13 26 JUN 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4073 / 30 NMR 17470 / 14 26 JUN 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4073 / 32 NMR 17470 / 16 26 JUN 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 404734 TF 4073 / 33 NMR 17470 / 17 26 JUN 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 405734 TF 4073 / 34 NMR 17514 / 59 21 JUL 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 401735 TF 4073 / 35 NMR 17514 / 60 21 JUL 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 401735 TF 4073 / 36 NMR 17514 / 61 21 JUL 2000 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 404734 TF 4073 / 39 NMR 17504 / 16 21 JUL 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4073 / 40 NMR 17504 / 17 21 JUL 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4073 / 41 NMR 17504 / 18 21 JUL 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4073 / 42 NMR 17504 / 19 21 JUL 2000 Colour slide 35 mm TF 401735 TF 4074 / 4 NMR 1123 / 252-257 19 MAR 1977 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 408740 TF 4074 / 13 NMR 12591 / 13 15 AUG 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 408741 TF 4074 / 14 NMR 12591 / 14 15 AUG 1994 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 408740 TF 4074 / 15 NMR 12586 / 25 15 AUG 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 409741 TF 4074 / 16 NMR 12586 / 26 15 AUG 1994 Colour slide 35 mm TF 409741 TF 4074 / 17 NMR 20023 / 17 26 MAY 2004 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 408740 TF 4074 / 19 NMR 20023 / 19 26 MAY 2004 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 408741 TF 4074 / 20 NMR 20023 / 20 26 MAY 2004 Black & white 70mm,120,220 TF 408741 TF 4074 / 21 NMR 20029 / 07 26 MAY 2004 Digital colour 35 mm TF 408740 TF 4074 / 23 NMR 20029 / 09 26 MAY 2004 Digital colour 35 mm TF 408741 TF 4074 / 24 NMR 20029 / 10 26 MAY 2004 Digital colour 35 mm TF 408741
Oblique listing - Military obliques, Standard order
Library and frame number Photo reference Original number Date Film type Map (NGR and Index Reference (6
MSO 31128 / O-02052 TF 2650 / 1 613H/23/2 17 SEP 1940 Black & white 5x5" TF 264503 MSO 31140 / PO-05694 TF 5379 / 18 613F/BR19/2 14 JUL 1940 Black & white 5x5" TF 534799 MSO 31195 / PO-03067 TF 5379 / 22 1416/S179 03 JUN 1941 Black & white 5x5" TF 532797 RAF 30074 / N1-0094 TF 5379 / 24 58/1005 03 FEB 1953 Black & white 8x7" TF 533797 RAF 30074 / N1-0193 TF 5379 / 27 58/1005 03 FEB 1953 Black & white 8x7" TF 533798 RAF 30112 / HHO-0020 TF 5379 / 28 WAD/4 01 FEB 1953 Black & white 5x5" TF 533796 RAF 30419 / N1-0305 TF 5379 / 30 58/1010 05 FEB 1953 Black & white 8x7" TF 533798 RAF 30419 / N2-0305 TF 5379 / 32 58/1010 05 FEB 1953 Black & white 8x7" TF 533799
18 January 2017 Rep. 1.2 Ver. 2.3 Enquiry ref: 104728 - © Historic England Page 1 of 2 HISTORIC ENGLAND Air Photographs
Full single listing - Verticals, Standard order Customer enquiry reference: 104728
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre pointRun Date Sortie Scale 1: Sortie quality number position number quality
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/195 387 Vp3 5249 P TF 400 731 11 10-May-46 A 10080
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/195 387 Vp3 5317 P TF 428 763 13 10-May-46 A 10080
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/195 387 Vp4 5382 P TF 482 784 15 10-May-46 A 10080
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/195 387 Vp4 5383 P TF 490 784 15 10-May-46 A 10080
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/195 387 Vp4 5384 P TF 498 784 15 10-May-46 A 10080
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/195 387 Vp4 5385 P TF 507 784 15 10-May-46 A 10080
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/194 392 V 5390 P TF 359 617 9 10-May-46 AB 10100
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/194 392 V 5453 P TF 371 656 10 10-May-46 AB 10100
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/194 392 V 5467 P TF 358 620 11 10-May-46 AB 10100
RAF/3G/TUD/UK/194 392 V 5543 P TF 325 572 13 10-May-46 AB 10100
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RP 3086 P TF 202 388 6 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RP 3089 P TF 182 388 6 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RP 3152 P TF 220 461 10 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RP 3223 P TF 239 479 13 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RS 4080 P TF 208 405 20 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RS 4083 P TF 188 405 20 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RS 4146 P TF 212 445 22 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1706 457 RS 4205 P TF 236 477 23 30-Aug-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RP 3046 P TF 396 719 3 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RP 3049 P TF 377 714 3 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RP 3078 P TF 368 700 26 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RP 3083 P TF 406 707 26 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RP 3140 P TF 375 641 4 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RP 3316 P TF 325 549 11 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4034 P TF 411 740 15 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4035 P TF 405 739 15 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4070 P TF 378 685 16 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4071 P TF 386 686 16 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4132 P TF 372 658 17 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4289 P TF 232 474 23 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4290 P TF 227 473 23 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4312 P TF 295 524 24 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4313 P TF 302 526 24 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/106G/UK/1730 466 RS 4314 P TF 309 528 24 12-Sep-46 A 9800
RAF/CPE/UK/2041 613 RP 3025 P TF 255 490 1 29-Apr-47 AB 9800
RAF/CPE/UK/2041 613 RP 3063 P TF 238 481 2 29-Apr-47 AB 9800
RAF/CPE/UK/2041 613 RP 3108 P TF 261 498 4 29-Apr-47 AB 9800
RAF/CPE/UK/2041 613 RS 4024 P TF 266 502 6 29-Apr-47 AB 9800 RAF/CPE/UK/2073 636 RP 3177 P TF 179 378 4 17-May-47 AB 10500
RAF/CPE/UK/2395 754 RP 3124 P TF 444 775 14 17-Nov-47 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2395 754 RP 3125 P TF 449 778 14 17-Nov-47 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2395 754 RP 3145 N TF 511 787 15 17-Nov-47 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2395 754 RS 4131 N TF 493 783 33 17-Nov-47 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2395 754 RS 4151 N TF 482 783 34 17-Nov-47 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2395 754 RS 4152 N TF 477 781 34 17-Nov-47 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2541 834 RP 3304 N TF 371 690 9 25-Mar-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2541 834 RP 3307 P TF 392 690 9 25-Mar-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2541 834 RP 3317 N TF 375 713 10 25-Mar-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2541 834 RS 4307 P TF 372 674 20 25-Mar-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2604 851 RP 3143 N TF 400 715 6 19-Apr-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2604 851 RP 3146 N TF 377 714 6 19-Apr-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2604 851 RP 3174 N TF 381 684 7 19-Apr-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2604 851 RP 3175 N TF 375 683 7 19-Apr-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2604 851 RS 4171 N TF 402 703 20 19-Apr-48 A 10000
RAF/CPE/UK/2604 851 RS 4176 N TF 368 702 20 19-Apr-48 A 10000
RAF/541/16 866 RS 4279 P TF 199 421 27 13-May-48 AC 10000
RAF/541/112 913 RP 3054 P TF 326 565 3 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RP 3068 P TF 324 544 13 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RP 3098 P TF 333 600 4 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RP 3099 P TF 338 599 4 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RP 3125 P TF 349 605 5 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RP 3211 P TF 375 678 9 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RS 4054 P TF 327 547 17 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RS 4070 P TF 323 564 18 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RS 4091 P TF 323 562 19 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RS 4097 P TF 323 584 20 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/112 913 RS 4211 P TF 371 660 25 28-Jul-48 A 9960
RAF/541/558 1116 RS 4014 P TF 214 446 2 05-Jun-50 A 10000
RAF/541/558 1116 RS 4022 P TF 208 425 3 05-Jun-50 A 10000
RAF/541/558 1116 RS 4029 P TF 207 399 4 05-Jun-50 A 10000
RAF/541/558 1116 RS 4034 P TF 183 391 4 05-Jun-50 A 10000
RAF/541/558 1116 RS 4056 P TF 202 387 5 05-Jun-50 A 10000
RAF/541/558 1116 RS 4060 P TF 178 386 5 05-Jun-50 A 10000
RAF/542/160 1659 F22 268 P TF 532 797 21 13-Apr-55 A 10000
RAF/WAD/2 1723 V 75 P TF 534 796 1 01-Feb-53 A 7200
RAF/WAD/2 1723 V 76 P TF 533 799 1 01-Feb-53 A 7200
RAF/58/5159 2088 F21 336 N TF 269 504 15 04-Jun-62 AB 10000
RAF/58/5025 2299 V 17 P TF 355 612 4 28-Mar-62 A 10000
RAF/58/5011 2448 V 23 P TF 353 612 5 23-Mar-62 AB 8500
RAF/541/395 2629 RP 3014 P TF 408 739 1 14-Nov-49 A 5000
RAF/541/395 2629 RS 4014 P TF 414 745 13 14-Nov-49 A 5000
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FP 1048 P TF 403 708 6 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FP 1049 P TF 404 705 6 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FP 1063 P TF 403 698 7 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FP 1064 P TF 402 701 7 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FP 1065 P TF 402 703 7 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FP 1066 P TF 402 706 7 07-Feb-45 AC 2500 RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FS 2051 P TF 403 699 29 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FS 2064 P TF 405 702 30 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FS 2065 P TF 405 704 30 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/106G/LA/120 3900 FS 2066 P TF 405 707 30 07-Feb-45 AC 2500
RAF/613C/UK558 6725 V 8452 P TF 535 797 3 31-Aug-40 AB 12000
RAF/613D/BR52 6747 VD 25 P TF 529 795 4 13-Mar-41 A 15000
MAL/76036 8164 V 108 P TF 210 410 1 05-Jun-76 A 10000
MAL/76036 8164 V 110 P TF 199 423 1 05-Jun-76 A 10000
US/7PH/GP/LOC311 8192 PORT 13155 P TF 305 526 6 22-Apr-44 AB 12500
HSL/UK/66493 9214 V 7512 P TF 202 385 3 29-May-66 A 10560
HSL/UK/66493 9214 V 7516 P TF 208 403 4 29-May-66 A 10560
HSL/UK/66493 9214 V 7518 P TF 188 404 4 29-May-66 A 10560
HSL/UK/66493 9214 V 7607 P TF 212 419 7 29-May-66 A 10560
OS/66040 9287 V 14 P TF 521 794 1 01-May-66 A 7500
OS/66039 9288 V 116 P TF 508 784 5 01-May-66 A 7500
OS/66131 9289 V 93 P TF 536 800 5 04-Jun-66 A 7500
OS/66131 9289 V 94 P TF 536 798 5 04-Jun-66 A 7500
OS/66131 9289 V 95 P TF 535 797 5 04-Jun-66 A 7500
OS/68059 9292 V 49 P TF 397 694 2 14-Apr-68 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 26 P TF 508 783 3 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 27 P TF 501 783 3 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 28 P TF 495 783 3 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 29 P TF 489 783 3 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 30 P TF 482 783 3 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 31 P TF 476 783 3 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69106 9294 V 41 P TF 435 771 4 09-Apr-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 200 P TF 402 701 1 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 205 P TF 370 702 1 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 220 P TF 370 690 2 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 224 P TF 394 691 2 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 233 P TF 374 679 3 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 247 P TF 371 667 4 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/69421 9295 V 260 P TF 374 655 5 24-Aug-69 A 7500
OS/70221 10007 V 234 P TF 324 592 5 18-Jun-70 A 7500
OS/70221 10007 V 256 P TF 346 603 6 18-Jun-70 A 7500
OS/70221 10007 V 257 P TF 339 603 6 18-Jun-70 A 7500
OS/70221 10007 V 317 P TF 374 630 8 18-Jun-70 A 7500
OS/70222 10008 V 67 P TF 375 641 1 18-Jun-70 A 7500
OS/70222 10008 V 79 P TF 371 628 2 18-Jun-70 A 7500
OS/71186 10200 V 21 P TF 196 377 1 13-May-71 A 7500
OS/71186 10200 V 48 P TF 206 394 2 13-May-71 A 7500
OS/71186 10200 V 49 P TF 206 401 2 13-May-71 A 7500
OS/72004 10280 V 31 P TF 210 415 2 12-Mar-72 A 7500
OS/72004 10280 V 36 P TF 198 424 3 12-Mar-72 A 7500
OS/72115 10281 V 14 P TF 294 519 1 03-May-72 A 7500
OS/72115 10281 V 24 P TF 307 527 2 03-May-72 A 7500
OS/72115 10281 V 46 P TF 318 537 3 03-May-72 A 7500
OS/72212 10283 V 176 P TF 342 602 3 13-Jul-72 A 7500
OS/73030 10378 V 383 P TF 401 733 3 23-Mar-73 A 7500 OS/73030 10378 V 448 P TF 398 723 4 23-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73030 10378 V 481 P TF 401 709 5 23-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73030 10378 V 541 P TF 369 700 6 23-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73030 10378 V 546 P TF 401 700 6 23-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73055 10383 V 3 P TF 219 458 1 29-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73055 10383 V 4 P TF 219 464 1 29-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73055 10383 V 30 P TF 233 476 2 29-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73055 10383 V 70 P TF 257 492 4 29-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73055 10383 V 89 P TF 269 509 5 29-Mar-73 A 7500
OS/73236 10385 V 581 P TF 206 389 1 07-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73236 10385 V 582 P TF 206 396 1 07-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73236 10385 V 583 P TF 206 403 1 07-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73236 10385 V 587 P TF 206 431 1 07-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73236 10385 V 641 P TF 274 511 4 07-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73326 10386 V 395 P TF 194 373 1 18-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73326 10386 V 401 P TF 195 416 1 18-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73326 10386 V 438 P TF 180 386 2 18-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/73326 10386 V 439 P TF 180 378 2 18-Jun-73 A 7500
OS/85022 10699 V 18 P TF 213 445 1 15-Apr-85 A 7500
OS/88161 13291 V 293 P TF 394 694 3 12-Jun-88 A 7600
OS/91118 13827 V 74 P TF 525 793 4 10-Jul-91 A 7500
OS/91118 13827 V 98 P TF 513 789 5 10-Jul-91 A 7500
OS/92297 14035 V 8 P TF 337 599 1 11-Aug-92 A 7500
OS/92297 14035 V 49 P TF 350 609 2 11-Aug-92 A 7500
OS/92297 14035 V 55 P TF 362 625 3 11-Aug-92 A 7500
OS/92297 14035 V 56 P TF 362 620 3 11-Aug-92 A 7500
OS/96333 15123 V 30 N TF 186 405 1 14-Oct-96 A 7600
OS/96334 15124 V 33 P TF 193 418 1 14-Oct-96 A 7600
OS/96579A 15164 V 73 P TF 254 494 2 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579A 15164 V 74 P TF 254 489 2 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579A 15164 V 102 P TF 215 445 3 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579A 15164 V 153 P TF 265 504 4 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579A 15164 V 154 P TF 265 499 4 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579A 15164 V 189 P TF 224 470 5 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579B 15165 V 233 P TF 274 514 1 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579B 15165 V 272 P TF 235 475 2 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579B 15165 V 356 P TF 244 485 4 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96579B 15165 V 395 P TF 295 524 5 14-May-96 A 7500
OS/96597 20834 V 19 N TF 517 794 1 05-Jun-96 A 7800
OS/96597 20834 V 20 N TF 524 793 1 05-Jun-96 A 7800
OS/96597 20834 V 45 N TF 413 744 2 05-Jun-96 A 7800
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