A BASELINE SURVEY OF MINORITY CONCENTRATION DISTRICTS OF INDIA PASCHIM CHAMPARAN (Bihar) Sponsored by Ministry of Miniority Affairs Government of India and Indian Council of Social Science Research INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NIDM Building, 3rd Floor, IIPA Campus I.P Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002 Phones – 2335 8166, 2332 1610 / Fax : 23765410 Email: [email protected], website:ihdindia.org 2008 A BASELINE SURVEY OF MINORITY CONCENTRATION DISTRICTS OF INDIA PASCHIM CHAMPARAN (Bihar) INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NIDM Building, 3rd Floor, IIPA Campus I.P Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002 Phones – 2335 8166, 2332 1610 / Fax: 23765410 Email: [email protected], website: www.ihdindia.org RESEARCH TEAM Principal Researchers Alakh N. Sharma Ashok K. Pankaj Data Processing and Tabulation Balwant Singh Mehta Sunil Kumar Mishra Abhay Kumar Research Associates/Field Supervisors Ramashray Singh Ashwani Kumar Subodh Kumar M. Poornima Research Assistant P.K. Mishra Secretarial Assistance Shri Prakash Sharma Nidhi Sharma Sindhu Joshi PASCHIM CHAMPARAN Principal Authors of the Report Ashok K. Pankaj Senior Fellow Institute for Human Development & N.K. Mishra Senior Visiting Fellow Institute for Human Development CONTENTS Executive Summary......................................................................................................i-v Chapter I: Introduction .............................................................................................1-11 Chapter II: Village Level Deficits ...........................................................................12-17 Educational Facilities ..................................................................................................... 12 Health Facilities .............................................................................................................. 14 Chapter III: Socio-Economic Conditions of the Population/Households ...........18-33 Demographic Characteristics.......................................................................................... 18 Quality of Human Resource............................................................................................ 19 Asset Base of Households.............................................................................................. 23 Employment and Income ................................................................................................ 24 Housing and Other Basic Amenities ............................................................................... 27 Health and Family Welfare.............................................................................................. 28 Indebtedness................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter IV: Delivery of Public Services/Development Programmes ..................34-36 Public Distribution System .............................................................................................. 34 Awareness ...................................................................................................................... 34 Aspirations ...................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter V: Key Findings .........................................................................................37-41 Annex I: List of Selected villages (sample) in Paschim Champaran District ....42-42 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Population and Its Composition, 2001 Table 1.2 Distribution of Workers (Main) by Sector of Employment Table 1.3 School Status in Paschim Champaran District Table 1.4 Health and Drinking Water in Paschim Champaran District Table 1.5 Banking and other Facilities in Paschim Champaran District Table 2.1 School Status in Paschim Champaran District Table 2.2 Access to Education Facilities in Surveyed Villages Table 2.3 Health and Drinking water in Paschim Champaran District Table 2.4 Access to Health Facility in Surveyed Villages in Paschim Champaran Table 2.5 Percentage of Villages with Other Facilities in Paschim Champaran Table 3.1 Demographic Features of Sample Households Table3.2: Age – Sex – Distribution Table 3.3 Work Participation Rate Table 3.4 Literacy Rates Table 3.5 Enrolment Status of 6-16 Years Population Table 3.6 Reasons for Dropout Table 3.7 Educational Levels Table 3.8 Type of School Attended Table 3.9 Availability of School at Distance Table 3.10 Land Distribution Table 3.11 Average Land Category Table 3.12 Distribution of Land and other Assets Per Household Across Different Categories Table 3.13 Work Participation Table 3.14 Occupational Status Table 3.15 Industry wise Employment Table 3.16 Average per Capita Income and Expenditure (Rs.) Table 3.17 Item-wise per Capita Expenditure (Rs.) Table 3.18 Housing Status of Household Table 3.19 Basic Amenities Table 3.20 Institutional and Non-institutional Deliveries of Children (%) Table 3.21 Any type of Immunization of Children Below 5 Years (%) Table 3.22 Types of Diseases Prevalent in the Households (%) Table 3.23 Sources of Medical Treatment Table 3.24 Incidence and Sources of Indebtedness Table 3.25 Main Purpose of Loans Table 4.1 Public Distribution System Table 4.2 Difficulty regarding PDS Table 4.3 Awareness about Government’s Programmes Table 4.4 Aspirations in order of their rank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEVELOPMENT GAPS AND PRIORITIES FOR THE MULTI-SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF KISHANGANJ DISTRICT OF BIHAR Background • The Ministry of Minority Affairs (GOI) has identified 90 minority concentrated backward districts using eight indicators of socio-economic development and amenities based on 2001 census data with a view to improve all these indicators and bring them to the All India level through a multi-sector development plan under the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Since, it is expected that there must have been changes in these indicators since 2001, a baseline survey has been conducted to formulate the multi-sectoral development plan keeping in mind the latest deficits and priorities. • Paschim Champaran is not only a minority concentration district but also a backward one. District Profile (2001 census-based) • In 2001, the population of Paschim Champaran district was 27.33 lakhs and 89 per cent of the population was living in the rural areas. • Scheduled Caste population is 15 per cent in the district, which is slightly less than the State figure of 16.4 per cent. • Villages of the district have proportionately more primary schools (76.8 per cent) than the State average (72.6 per cent). There are 58 secondary schools in the district. There is one industrial and training school in the district. This district has a literacy rate of 39.63 per cent. • Less than one-third of the villages of Paschim Champaran district have Public Health Centres (PHCs) within 5 kms. The tap and tube well drinking water facility is available in a very negligible proportion of the villages of the district. On the whole, the health and drinking water facilities are very inadequate in the villages. • Work participation of the population of Paschim Champaran district is 39 per cent; whereas the average work participation rate for the State of Bihar is just above one-third. i Survey findings (2008) Our survey is confined to rural areas of Paschim Champaran district. It shows that the rural areas of the district lag behind in all eight indicators. The most glaring gap is found in case of percentage of households that have electricity or pucca walls or safe drinking water or water closet latrines. Socio-economic indicators, i.e. literacy rate and work participation rate, are lower for the district as compared to All India averages, as can be seen in Table 1. The actual gap will be higher for the district as the national figures pertain to the years 2004-05 and 2005-06. Table 1: Development Gaps and Priorities for the Multi-sector Plan Sl Indicators Paschim All India Development Development No Champaran 2005 gaps between priorities All India based and District on the gaps 1 2 (3=1- 2) 4 1 Rate of literacy 59.8 67.3 -7.5 5 2 Rate of female literacy 48.4 57.1 -8.7 4 3 Work participation rate 35.91 38.0 -2.09 6 Female work participation 4 rate 20.26 21.5 -1.24 7 Percentage of households 5 with pucca walls** 28.18 59.4 -31.22 3 Percentage of households 6 with safe drinking water 91.39 87.9 3.49 8 Percentage of households 7 with electricity 13.12 67.9 -54.78 1 Percentage of households 8 with water closet latrines 5.96 39.2 -33.24 24 Percentage of fully 9 vaccinated children 34.88 43.5 -8.62 Percentage of deliveries 10 in a health facility 15.76 38.7 -22.94 Note: (1) Survey data of the district (Col. 1) pertain to the rural area only, but All India data (Col. 2) pertain to the total. (2) Data in Col 2 from Sl. No. 5 to 10 pertain to the year 2005-06 from NFHS-3 and the rest of the data in Col. 2 pertain to the year 2004-05 from NSSO. ** This includes semi-pucca houses as well. Development Priorities as per Eight Indicators: Electricity Availability of electricity remains the most critical gap. Only a small proportion of the households (13 per cent) have electricity, of them 12.5 per cent and 13.65 percent are Hindu and Muslim households respectively. The district lags behind the All India figure by a huge 54.86 points in this regard. ii The Rajiv Gandhi Rural Electrification Mission (RGREM) targets universalization of electricity connections to rural households by the end of 2009 and there is a memorandum of understanding between the Government of Bihar