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Toxic Secondary Metabolites from Plants: a New Aspect of Water Quality

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Toxic Secondary Metabolites from Plants: a New Aspect of Water Quality www.natoxaq.eu This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 722493 University College Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Toxic secondary metabolites from plants: A new aspect of water quality PhD thesis of Vaidotas Kisielius September 2020 Supervisors: Senior associate lecturer Lars Holm Rasmussen Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Professor Hans Christian Bruun Hansen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark Dr Michael Rodamer Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard St. 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany 1 Toxic secondary metabolites from plants: A new aspect of water quality PhD thesis of Vaidotas Kisielius University College Copenhagen Faculty of Health Department of Technology University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science PhD School of Science Period of work: April 2017 – September 2020 Main academic supervisor: Senior associate lecturer Lars Holm Rasmussen, University College Copenhagen (Denmark) Academic supervisor: Professor Hans Christian Bruun Hansen, University of Copenhagen (Denmark) Co-supervisor: Dr Michael Rodamer, Agilent Technologies (Germany) Chair of assessment committee: Professor Nikoline Juul Nielsen, University of Copenhagen (Denmark) Assessment committee member: Dr Jørn Smedsgaard, Research and Development Consultant at FOSS Analytical A/S (Denmark) Assessment committee member: Dr Carmel Ramwell, Senior Environmental Scientist at Fera Science Ltd (United Kingdom) Copenhagen, 20201 Water background image of the title page © istockphoto.com 2 Safe drinking-water is water that does not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (ISBN 978-92-4-154995-0) Only the dose determines whether a substance is poisonous or not. Paracelsus (1493 – 1541) 3 Dedicated to my mum 4 Foreword This thesis summarises the main research activities performed to fulfil the requirements to obtain a PhD degree from the University of Copenhagen. It has been submitted to the PhD School of Science of the University in May 2020 and submitted in revised form in September 2020. The studies should be concluded with an oral defence approx. three months after the submission. The experimental work has been conducted mainly at two research groups: 1: Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen (Supervisor – Senior associate lecturer Lars Holm Rasmussen) and 2: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen (Supervisor Professor Hans Christian Bruun Hansen). The project was fully financed by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska- Curie grant agreement No. 722493. The thesis consists of three parts. Part 1: the aims, objectives, general hypotheses and the context of the PhD project in the scheme of an associated research network. Part 2: Synopsis providing an introductory risk identification of plant toxins as water contaminants (Chapter 1) and illustration about how the research findings incorporate into the current knowledge of the field (Chapters 2, 3 and General conclusions). Part 3: Four research manuscripts created for this the PhD project. The thesis does not contain information about the courses passed as part of the PhD training, performed non-research academic activities, and manuscripts that were prepared during the PhD project period in the same research institutions but not primarily for this PhD project. For this and related information please refer to the Supervisor Report. 5 Thesis statement Bracken ferns (Pteridium sp.) and butterburs (Petasites sp.) can contaminate nearby water resources with carcinogenic and/or hepatotoxic compounds, to levels exceeding the tolerable drinking-water contaminants. 6 Acknowledgements I would like to begin the acknowledgements section with a big gratitude to the initiators of the NaToxAq network: Senior associate lecturer Lars Holm Rasmussen, Prof. Hans Christian Bruun Hansen and Prof. Bjarne Westergaard Strobel. Your efforts with little early guarantees of success have eventually transformed the professional lives of 16 ambitious young scholars. Your mission will be continued long after the date of the end of the project. The quality of this thesis greatly benefited from constructive comments of members of the first assessment committee – to whom I am sincerely grateful – Prof. Nikoline Juul Nielsen, Dr Jørn Smedsgaard, and Prof. Miguel E. Alonso Amelot. Besides, I am thankful to people who directly contributed to my research with supervision, a helping hand, critical advice, or guidance through the publishing processes: Dr Michael Rodamer, Dan Nybro Lindqvist, Anette Kjeldal Lausten, Dr Lise Rølmer Nissen, Prof. Mikkel Boas Thygesen, Prof. Bo Markussen, Prof. Mary T. Fletcher, Prof. Elena María Fernández González, Prof. Franklin Riet-Correa, Jonas Halgren Mikkelsen, Michael Josefsen, Mikkel Drejer, Jimmy Kjellerup Dornhoff, Nicoline Wildenrath Brandtoft Hansen, Jimena Bertorello Martinez, Mette Rosenfjeld and Anita Schjødt Sandager. Likewise, I would like to thank Milda Kisielienė for linguistic advice. I am also grateful to fellow researchers of the NaToxAq network for gathering from 5 continents and staying abroad for the period of our common study: Inés Rodríguez Leal, Xiaomeng Liang, Massimo Picardo, Bettina Gro Sørensen, Mulatu Yohannes Nanusha, Daria Filatova, Jawameer Hama, Carina Schönsee, Regiane Sanches Natumi, Daniel Bernardo Garcia Jorgensen, Marcel Schneider, Natasa Skrbic, Barbara Kubíčková, Bilal Tariq and Ellie Stone. The network would not have prospered without the devoted professionals to whom I also wish to present my sincere acknowledgements: Dr Kristine Groth Kirkensgaard, Angelika Lene Rasmussen, Karin Norris, Dr Werner Brack, Dr Thomas Bucheli, Prof. Jan H. Christensen, Dr Carmel Ramwell, Dr Elisabeth Janssen, Prof. Luděk Bláha, Prof. Klára Hilscherová, Prof. Pavel Babica, Prof. Oscar Núñez Burcio, Dr Marinella Farré, Prof. Efstathios Diamantopoulos, Dr Ann-Katrin Pedersen, Dr Sarah Christensen, Prof. Matthew MacLeod, Barbara Franziska Günthardt and others whose input was essential but remained less spotlighted. I am grateful to the University College Copenhagen for recruiting me during and beyond the period of the PhD project, and to over 30 companions of Laborantuddannelsen for the daily uplifting colleagueship. Also to the Waldbronn campus of Agilent Technologies for a unique, welcoming and well-organized internship. Moreover, I would like to thank my previous supervisors for scientific knowledge and research management skills provided me earlier that also helped me through the present project: Prof. Mindaugas Rimeika and Dr Loreen Ople Villacorte (supervisors of BSc and MSc theses, respectively). Finally, I would like to thank the family Lina, Monika, Kotryna, Asta, Rimantas, Justinas, Denis, Aurimas, Milda, Elzė, Lukas, Marius, Olga and Kęstutis for the quality time so needed between the activities. 7 Table of Contents Thesis statement ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Dansk resumé ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................. 13 Part I: PhD project ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 Project aims ............................................................................................................................................... 16 The context of the project ......................................................................................................................... 17 Major achievements .................................................................................................................................. 19 Part II: Synopsis ............................................................................................................................................. 21 Chapter 1. Natural toxins as water contaminants (Risk identification) .................................................... 21 Safe drinking-water ............................................................................................................................... 21 Natural toxins ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Plant toxins ...........................................................................................................................................
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