The Edge * Volume 26 * Issue 5 * June 2017
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Memorial Day Morocco, Indiana 2017 Photos by Heinz Thiel THE EDGE * VOLUME 26 * ISSUE 5 * JUNE 2017 Memorial Day Morocco, Indiana 2017 Photos by N. Stevens * * THE EDGE * VOLUME 26 * ISSUE 5 * JUNE 2017 * Page 2 of 41 * * Memorial Day Morocco, Indiana 2017 Photos by Heinz Thiel * * THE EDGE * VOLUME 26 * ISSUE 5 * JUNE 2017 * Page 3 of 41 * * WWII HRS Scholarship 2017 In 2010 the membership approved the creation of an HRS scholarship. The effort behind the scholarship was twofold. The primary goal is to assist the younger members of our organization in their pursuit of higher education. Secondly we desire to grow interest in historical reenacting as an educational endeavor which is part of the mission of our Society. The scholarship will be awarded to a full time undergraduate or graduate student. The preferred majors are history, museum studies, or archeology however all HRS member students are encouraged to apply. The award can be used towards tuition or books and will be paid to the student’s college or university to be credited to their account. Note that any family or relations of any board of directors or staff of the WWII HRS will be ineligible for this award. Please send the applications to the WWII HRS Vice President. The amount of the award is $500. Eligibility: 1. Must be a current member of the WWII HRS in good standing in at least their second year of membership. 2. Must provide proof of being a full-time student, undergraduate or graduate, at an accredited college or university. 3. Must demonstrate a minimum GPA of 2.75. 4. Must currently be a history or associated major, however if there is not any history or associated major that apply then all majors are eligible. 5. Must not have been awarded a previous WWII HRS scholarship. Requirements: 1. The student should write a 500-word essay describing their qualifications and justification for receiving the HRS scholarship including the student’s future plans in reenacting. 2. A letter of recommendation from the student’s unit commander. If the student is the unit commander, then another unit commander acquainted with the student can supply the recommendation. 3. Unofficial transcripts or a letter from the student’s college or university stating the student’s current major and GPA. 4. A recent picture in WWII uniform of the student. Deadline: July 1 Notification: August 1 An article highlighting the student will be published in the Society publication, The Edge, after the scholarship is awarded. Review: A committee consisting of an Allied, an Axis, and a Commonwealth WWII HRS member, preferably involved in education, will review and give recommendation to the Society board of directors for awarding the scholarship based on the submitted applications. * * THE EDGE * VOLUME 26 * ISSUE 5 * JUNE 2017 * Page 4 of 41 * * Robert Capa, Huston Riley, And the Magnificent Eleven Combat Photographer By Michael Krizsanitz, In 1936, Capa travelled to Spain, photographing the Spanish 70th Tank Btn Re-enactor WWII HRS Civil War. It was during this time that Capa published “The Falling Man”, which ostensibly showed the death of a June 6, 1944 - D-Day. Republican soldier. In later years, the photo would be widely Robert Capa - Photographer. panned by scholars and historians alike as having been faked. Huston Riley - Infantryman. In any case, Capa’s career was off and running. 11 surviving photos, of three rolls taken? The invasion of France. Capa accompanied author Ernest Hemingway to photograph the war, and Life magazine published an article about Hemingway in Spain, accompanied by photos by Capa. “The Face in The Surf”, Robert Capa, © 2016 Time Inc. © Cornell Capa - Magnum Photos Robert Capa was a war photographer and photo journalist, perhaps the greatest combat photographer in history. 1938 also found Capa on assignment in China, documenting the resistance to the Japanese invasion. Having left from Paris to Capa was born Endre Friedmann to a Jewish family in look for work, and to escape Nazi persecution, Capa was Budapest, Austria-Hungary in 1913. Originally aspiring to be a working for Colliers when the US entered WWII. Fired by writer, at the age of 18, accusations of ties to communism forced Colliers later, Capa hired on with Life Magazine. Friedmann to leave Hungary, and he travelled to Germany, enrolling at the Berlin University, working as a darkroom Though technically an alien from an enemy country, Capa assistant, and for the first time as a photographer at Dephot, a moved about the European theater as a photographer for the photo agency. Allies. Growing to be devoted to photography, Friedmann left Germany Capa captured images during the Sicilian and Italian campaigns. in 1933, after the Nazi party rose to power. Friedmann, felt that Present in Naples, he photographed the post office bombing he had to leave due to the persecution of Jews, and relocated to among other subjects. Paris, France. Finding it difficult to obtain work, Friedmann changed his name to the more American-sounding name, Robert Capa, to avoid religious discrimination then common in Europe. Capa's first published photograph was of Leon Trotsky in Copenhagen in 1932. * * THE EDGE * VOLUME 26 * ISSUE 5 * JUNE 2017 * Page 5 of 41 * * D-DAY New controversy and “The Magnificent Eleven” Ultimately selected as one of four photographers to be allowed The commonly held story, for some 70 years, was that Capa to accompany the first wave with invasion forces on June 6, exposed 106 frames of film, and then evacuated himself from 1944, Capa landed at approximately 0630 at Omaha Beach the beach, because his nerves were shot, rushed back to London, along with Company E, 2nd Battalion, 16th Regiment, 1st and a lab tech screwed up his film. The June 14, 1944 issue of Infantry Division, coming ashore on the eastern part of Fox Life, stated that some of the photos were not focused properly, Green Beach. He began taking photos as he worked his way up due to Capa trembling as he took them. Capa always denied this. to the beach, taking cover as he moved. He later estimated it He is attributed in several accounts however, as having stated he took him some 30 minutes to move the 100 yards up onto the was shaking so badly after 90 minutes under fire, that he could beach. no longer load film into his camera. In January 1947, Capa published his account in the book “Slightly out of Focus”. John G Morris, Capa’s editor at the time, noting Capa’s incredible courage, said that looking at the photo of the Infantryman passing by him, it is obvious that Capa has his back to the Germans. After hearing this comment by Morris in his interview, I wondered personally just how Capa was positioned, as it seems he is looking slightly downward at the soldier. Was Capa standing, with his back to the enemy, when that exposure was made? So Capa left on the LCI, transferred to the troop ship, taking the Robert Capa, D-Day - Getty Images film with him, and passed it on to Life’s London Bureau’s photo lab. Then the film was damaged by an over excited darkroom Capa used two cameras and several rolls of spare film, and it is assistant who put the negatives into a dryer that was set too hot, said that he took 106 exposures in the first two hours of the and melted the emulsion off the film. The Laboratory assistant invasion. Spending 90 minutes on the beach, Capa finally was said to have been a 15-year-old boy named Dennis Banks. decided he had seen enough. This is the first part of the controversy, as initially the blame was laid upon Larry Burrows, another Life employee. Burrows LCI 85 came ashore at 0835 hours. About 90 men of Able continued with Life Magazine, and was killed while covering Company of the 1st Medical Battalion, along with some 100 the Vietnam War. In 1998, Editor John Morris put the blame other headquarters personnel were aboard. Capa approached the onto Banks, in his book "Get the picture, A personal history of LCI, having decided to evacuate himself from the beach area. photojournalism". This is not the last commentary on the subject As the LCI began to offload, approximately 20 men had stepped by Morris however. off into the water, and Capa had just been assisted onto the ramp, when the LCI was hit by artillery. Several personnel were In 2014, Morris, told Christiane Amanpour in an interview, that killed, others wounded, and still more were thrown into the Capa may have never even taken the photos that were water. LCI 85 left the beach, and was met by the USS Samuel supposedly lost. Chase. Capa, along with the wounded, was transferred onto the troop ship, and taken back across the Channel to England. Morris shared, “It now seems that maybe there was nothing on the other three rolls to begin with. Experts recently have said you can't melt the emulsion off films like that and he just never shot them,” Morris said. * * THE EDGE * VOLUME 26 * ISSUE 5 * JUNE 2017 * Page 6 of 41 * * “So I now believe that it's quite possible that Bob just bundled As for Alphonse Joseph Arsenault, it seems that there was never all his 35 together and just shipped it off back to London, much debate, and not a lot has been published concerning his knowing that on one of those rolls there would be the pictures daughter’s claim. he actually shot that morning… So we may not have lost anything at all that he had shot.” Enter researcher Lowell L.