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Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y AMERICANt MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2773, pp. 1-1 1, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3 November 30, 1983 Minerva antiqua (Aves, Strigiformes), an Owl Mistaken for an Edentate Mammal CECILE MOURER-CHAUVIRE1 ABSTRACT Minerva antiqua, from the Eocene ofthe United Minerva antiqua, de l'Eocene des Etats Unis, a States, described by R. W. Shufeldt as a strigid ete decrite par R. W. Shufeldt comme un Strigi- owl, was later considered to be an edentate mam- forme, puis a ete consideree comme un Mammi- mal. Study of the type material and of material fere edente. L'etude du materiel type et du materiel referred to this species, shows that it is actually a attribue a cette espece montre qu'il s'agit strigiform. The generic name Minerva must re- bien d'un Strigiforme. Le nom de genre Minerva place Protostrix and Minerva becomes the type doit remplacer celui de Protostrix et Minerva de- genus of the family Protostrigidae. Minerva anti- vient le genre-type de la famille des Protostrigidae. qua is characterized by the strong development of Minerva antiqua est caracteris6e par le grand de- posterior digits I and II, and by the peculiar shape veloppement des doigts posterieurs I et II et par of the claw of posterior digit I. la forme particuliere de la griffe du doigt posteri- eur I. INTRODUCTION In 1913 Shufeldt described, on material In 1915 Shufeldt studied the fossil birds in from the Eocene Bridger Formation of Wy- the Marsh Collection of Yale University and oming, three species in the genus Aquila: A. attributed to the species antiqua many fossil antiqua, A. ferox, and A. lydekkeri. The first bones from different localities of the Bridger two are based on phalanges and particularly Formation. He recognized that this species on claws whose dorsal arc extends strongly was not an eagle but a large owl, and created over the articulation. The third species in- for it a new genus, Minerva, which he placed cludes limb bones and phalanges, among them in the Strigidae. a claw which presents the same characteristic In 1933 Wetmore studied the types of Mi- as the two preceding species. This material nerva antiqua, Aquila ferox, and Aquila /y- is in the vertebrate paleontology collection of dekkeri and stated that the phalanges and the American Museum ofNatural History in claws upon which the species Minerva anti- New York. qua and Aquilaferox were founded came from ' Centre de Paleontologie Stratigraphique et Paleoecologie, Universite Claude Bernard, 27-43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1983 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $1.35 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2773 edentate mammals and that the genus Mi- Minerva antiqua (Shufeldt, 1913): Shufeldt, 1915, nerva and the two species antiqua and ferox p. 42, pl. XV, figs. 131-136 and 148-154. had to be transferred to the mammals. For Minerva antiqua (Shufeldt, 1913): Howard, 1932, the species lydekkeri, in the type material of p. 32. Protostrix lydekkeri (Shufeldt, 1913): Wetmore, which were many different bones, he selected 1933, p. 3, fig. 1. a tibiotarsus belonging to a strigiform and Protostrix lydekkeri (Shufeldt, 1913): Brodkorb, created a new genus, Protostrix, and a new 1971, p. 214. family, Protostrigidae. From the remaining type material, a claw and three phalanges were MATERIAL attributed to an edentate mammal, and other fragments and another claw to undetermined Department of Vertebrate Paleontology birds (Wetmore, 1933, 1934). Collections ofthe American Museum ofNat- After examining the types of Minerva an- ural History. AMNH 5163, phalanx 1 of left tiqua, Aquila ferox, and Protostrix lydekkeri posterior digit I, complete; phalanx 2 ofright in the American Museum ofNatural History posterior digit I, incomplete. Henry's Fork, and the large amount of material in the Yale Wyoming. These two pieces are the holotype University Peabody Museum collection of Aquila ferox. AMNH 5164, phalanx 2 of ascribed by R. W. Shufeldt (1915) to Minerva left posterior digit I, incomplete. Church I Buttes, Wyoming. Holotype of Aquila anti- antiqua, conclude that the phalanges and qua (Shufeldt, 1913, pl. 55, fig. 26). AMNH claws originally described do not belong to 5165, distal left tibiotarsus; proximal left tib- an edentate mammal but to a bird corre- iotarsus; two fragments of distal left femur; sponding to a particular kind of strigiform. one fragment of proximal left femur, one ex- The generic name Minerva must therefore be ternal trochlea of left tarsometatarsus; pha- restored and the generic name Protostrix re- langes 1 and 2 of left posterior digit I, artic- placed. ulated; phalanges 1, 2, and 3 of left posterior digit II, articulated. Lower Cottonwood SYSTEMATICS Creek, Wyoming. All these pieces were the ORDER STRIGIFORMES (WAGLER, 1830) holotype of Aquila lydekkeri. The distal part FAMILY PROTOSTRIGIDAE WETMORE, 1933 of the left tibiotarsus was selected by Wet- TYPE GENUS: Minerva Shufeldt, 1915. more (1933) to become the type of Protostrix OTHER INCLUDED GENERA: Eostrix Brod- lydekkeri. korb, 1971. Collections in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. YPM 833, GENUS MINERVA SHUFELDT, 1915 proximal part of left carpometacarpus (Shu- SYNONYMY: Protostrix Wetmore, 1933, feldt, 1915, pl. XV, fig. 154b); fragment of p. 3. distal part of right humerus; fragment ofdis- TYPE SPECIES: Aquila antiqua Shufeldt, tal part of left tibiotarsus; distal part of right 1913. tibiotarsus (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 154e); distal SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE GENUS: Minerva part of left tarsometatarsus; proximal part of lydekkeri (Shufeldt, 1913), new combination; phalanx 2 of left posterior digit I (Shufeldt, Minerva leptosteus (Marsh, 1871), new com- ibid., fig. 154g); phalanx 1 of left posterior bination; Minerva saurodosis Wetmore, 1921; digit I, deformed (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 154d); Minerva californiensis (Howard, 1965), new right and left metatarsals I; fragment of pha- combination. lanx 1 right posterior digit II; two fragments RANGE: Middle and Upper Eocene ofwest- ofphalanx 2 posterior digit II (Shufeldt, ibid., ern United States (Wyoming, California). fig. 154i); phalanx 3 posterior digit II, incom- plete (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 154a), phalanx 4 Minerva antiqua (Shufeldt, 1913) posterior digit III, incomplete (Shufeldt, ibid., Aquila antiqua Shufeldt, 1913, p. 297, pl. 55, fig. fig. 154f); phalanx 5 posterior digit IV, in- 26. complete (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 154c). Dry Aquilaferox Shufeldt, 1913, p. 297. Creek, Wyoming. YPM 843, phalanx 2 of Aquila lydekkeri Shufeldt, 1913, p. 298. right posterior digit I (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 149). 1983 MOURER-CHAUVIRE: MINERVA ANTIQUA 3 Dry Creek, Wyoming. YPM 846, fragment For the three species it is possible to mea- of right tarsometatarsus; phalanx 1 of right sure the width of the proximal end of the posterior digit I; fragment of phalanx 2 pos- phalanx 2 of posterior digit I. The measure- terior digit II; phalanx 3 posterior digit II, ments are 6.8 mm. for A. antiqua, 5.8 mm. incomplete; fragment of phalanx 3 posterior for A. ferox, and 7.4 mm. for A. lydekkeri. digit III. Henry's Fork, Wyoming. YPM 847, In the Yale material the same width has a proximal part of phalanx 2 of right posterior range of variation between 6.2 mm. and 6.9 digit I (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 15 1). Henry's Fork, mm. with a mean value of 6.5 mm. Wyoming. YPM 857, phalanx 2 of left pos- Knowing the variability in dimensions and terior digit I, incomplete. Black Fork, Wyo- the great sexual dimorphism of Recent owls, ming. YPM 858, phalanx 2 ofright posterior I think these three species can be combined digit I, incomplete. Henry's Fork, Wyoming. into the same one, which was first described YPM 861, proximal left tarsometatarsus and by Shufeldt (1913) as Minerva antiqua. The fragments of distal part, proximal left femur, same conclusion has already been expressed distal left femur (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 136); by Howard (1932). proximal left tibiotarsus, distal left tibiotar- Wetmore's statement (1933) that the claws sus (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 131), phalanx 1 and belong to an edentate mammal seems to have 2 of left posterior digit I, articulated (Shu- been erroneous for the following reasons. feldt, ibid., fig. 134), phalanx 1 of left pos- 1. These claws are associated, in the terior digit II (Shufeldt, ibid., fig. 132). Tule American Museum as well as in the Yale col- Spring, Wyoming. YPM 869, distal part of lections, with skeletal remains, mainly from phalanx 1 of posterior digit I; phalanx 4 of the hind limb, which are typically strigiform posterior digit IV, incomplete. Dry Creek, remains. Wyoming. YPM 871, phalanx 1 of right pos- 2. Not only one but three tibiotarsi exist, terior digit II; fragment of phalanx of pos- all exhibiting the characters which have been terior digit III or IV. Dry Creek, Wyoming. set up to define the genus Protostrix. YPM 876, fragment ofphalanx 3 ofposterior 3. Among the remains of YPM 861 it is digit II. Cattail Spring, Wyoming. YPM 879, possible to reconstruct the proximal part of phalanx 3 ofposterior digit II (Shufeldt, ibid., an owl-like tarsometatarsus, with large tar- fig. 152a and b). Upper White River, Wyo- sometatarsal anterior and posterior grooves, ming. YPM 884, phalanx 1 ofright posterior and the traces of an unossified supratendinal digit I. Locality unrecorded. YPM 886, pha- bridge. The distal fragments of tarsometarsi lanx 1 ofright posterior digit II, almost com- present several typically owl-like trochleae. plete. Sage Creek, Wyoming. YPM 892, pha- 4. YPM 833 includes a great number of lanx 1 of right posterior digit I, incomplete. phalanges belonging to the left foot ofan owl- Henry's Fork, Wyoming. YPM 1026, pha- like bird.
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