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Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2761, pp. 1-3 1, figs. 1-12, tables 1-6 May 31, 1983 Eutherian Tarsals from the Late Paleocene of Brazil RICHARD L. CIFELLI' ABSTRACT Disassociated eutherian proximal tarsals (as- kokenia parayirunhor, and a new form; astragali tragalus, calcaneum) from Riochican (late Paleo- and calcanea of "condylarth" aspect are referred cene) fissure fills near Sao Jose de Itaborai, Rio de to Lamegoia conodonta, Victorlemoinea prototyp- Janeiro, Brazil, are described and, where feasible, ica, and Ernestokokenia protocenica. The fact that are assigned to dental species from that locality, some dentally primitive taxa (including a sup- based on predicted morphology, relative size, and posed congener of a dental and tarsal condylarth) relative abundance. Two cingulate xenarthrans are bear the diagnostic litoptern ankle specializations, present; one is probably a dasypodid, whereas the whereas others, including an advanced and den- other may pertain to the Glyptodontidae. Ankle tally litoptern-like form do not, heightens the specializations of Carodnia vierai are unlike those problem of distinguishing the two groups as cur- of astrapotheres and Dinocerata, but similar to rently recognized, and indicates that the funda- those of Pyrotherium and suggest reference to the mental specializations of the Litoptema are post- Pyrotheria; Tetragonostylops apthomasi is pedally cranial, not dental. Victorlemoinea, heretofore a primitive astrapothere. Notoungulate tarsals considered a macraucheniid litoptern but proba- from Itaborai, referred to Camargomendesia pris- bly pertaining to the new family, Sparnotherio- tina (Henricosborniidae) and Colbertia magellan- dontidae, shares derived pedal characters with the ica (?Oldfieldthomasiidae), are of generalized as- didolodonts; among the didolodonts, Ernestoko- pect within the order, and represent a primitive kenia protocenica, Lamegoia conodonta, and ?Di- morphotype from which later notoungulate fam- dolodus sp. seem to form a natural (monophyletic) ilies diverged. Litoptern tarsals are assigned to group definable by tarsal features. three species, Anisolambda prodromus, Ernesto- INTRODUCTION Little is known ofthe once-diverse but now 1948), the pre-Deseadan (early Oligocene; largely extinct eutherians ofSouth America- Marshall et al., 1977) record of xenarthrans currently grouped into some six to nine or- consists only of isolated cingulate scutes. The ders-prior to the ?early Eocene Casamayor- early record of fossil mammals in South an Land Mammal Age. With the exception America is almost exclusively Patagonian, of one partial skeleton of Utaetus (Simpson, and with the exception of a small ?Late Cre- ' Student, Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1983 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $3.35 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2761 taceous faunule from Laguna Umayo, Peru diversity of well-preserved but (with one ex- (Grambast et al., 1967) begins with the ception) unassociated postcranial remains. In Riochican Land Mammal Age, presumed to the present paper I describe the eutherian be late Paleocene (Simpson, 1935a; Marshall, proximal tarsal bones (astragalus, calca- Hoffstetter, and Pascual, in press). The Pa- neum) and discuss their significance with re- tagonian Riochican localities, grouped into spect to the phylogeny of the various groups several faunal zones (Simpson, 1935a, 1948), involved. The American Museum ofNatural have produced a modest diversity of ungu- History has a small collection ofItaborai tar- lates represented largely by isolated teeth. sals, but the bulk of this study is based on The fauna from Sao Jose de Itaborai, Brazil, the large collections of the Divisao Nacional therefore assumes a position of singular de Producao Mineral. prominence in any treatment of early South Abbreviations for institutions cited in the American fossil mammals, because it con- text: AMNH, Department of Vertebrate Pa- tains the most diverse and best represented leontology, American Museum of Natural assemblage of Riochican vertebrates of any History, N.Y.; ACM, Pratt Museum, Am- fauna on the continent. herst College, Amherst, Mass.; DNPM and The fossils derive from predominantly DGM, Divisao Nacional de Producao Mi- argillaceous marls which fill fissures and un- neral, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; MACN, Museo derground channels in a limestone, the Itabo- Argentino de Ciencas Naturales "Bernardino rai Formation, of probable Late Cretaceous Rivadavia," Buenos Aires, Argentina; or early Paleocene age (Francisco and Souza MNRJ, Departamento de Geologia e Miner- Cunha, 1978). The limestone occurs in a alogia, Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, small, local tectonic basin in a Precambrian Brazil. gneissic and granitic basement rock intruded by Early Cretaceous basalts, about 25 km. northeast of Niteroi, State of Rio de Janeiro. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The fossils have been recovered during the I am grateful to Drs. M. Coombs (Amherst course of commercial limestone quarrying College), D. Campos (Divisao Nacional de over the past 35 years. Producao Mineral), F. de Souza Cunha (Mu- The mammals of Itaborai have been de- seu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro), J. Bonaparte scribed largely by Paula Couto (1952a, 1952b, and M. Soria (Museo Argentino de Ciencas 1952c, 1952d, 1954) with additions, emen- Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"), and R. dations, and refiguring (1961, 1962, 1963, 1970, Pascual and M. Bond (Museo de La Plata) 1978a, 1978b, 1978c, 1979). There is some for permission to study specimens in their question as to the precise age of the fauna, care. Drs. M. McKenna, F. Szalay, L. Radin- and it is possible that faunules from the var- sky, and G. Simpson provided me with var- ious fissures may not be isochronous. Al- ious advice or comments on an earlier draft though the fauna is obviously at ecologic of this paper, and their assistance is warmly variance with those known from Patagonia appreciated. Figures 4-12 were drawn by Mr. (Paula Couto, 1970), Paula Couto (1952a) H. Galiano, and I thank Mr. C. Tarka, Ms. has assigned the Itaborai assemblage a Rio- L. Meeker, and Dr. R. Tedford for advice in chican age, based on the presence of Car- the preparation of the illustrations. I grate- odnia, which occurs in Patagonia only in the fully acknowledge financial support for this earliest faunal zone of that age (Simpson, research, provided in part by the Theodore 1935a). The other genera in common, ?Nem- Roosevelt Memorial Fund, the Walker John- olestes (see Marshall, 1978), Patene, Ernes- son Fund, The Society of the Sigma Xi, and tokokenia, Asmithwoodwardia, Anisolamb- the Department ofGeological Sciences ofCo- da, and Victorlemoinea, occur in the lumbia University. Casamayoran or Casamayoran and Riochi- can of Patagonia. In addition to the well-represented denti- METHODOLOGY tions described and figured by Paula Couto, The Itaborai tarsals are ofparticular inter- the collections from Itaborai include a wide est but present special problems because of 1983 CIFELLI: EUTHERIAN TARSALS 3 A B cal mt V lig Im abd dig V fib fac-- / m quad pl per tub , fib col lig ascal lig m ex dig brev- ex ret D C ast for ect fac FIG. 1. Right calcaneum (A, B) and astragalus (C, D) of Arctocyonferox (AMNH 16543), in plantar (B, D) and dorsal (A, C) views, illustrating terminology used in this paper. Dot pattern indicates areas of origin/insertion of muscles and ligaments as noted in the text. Abbreviations: ant ascal fac, anterior astragalocalcaneal facet; ascal lig, attachment of astragalocalcaneal ligament; cal mt V lig, attachment ofcalcaneal metatarsal V ligament; cub fac, cuboid facet; dig fl gr, groove for deep digital flexor tendon(s); ex ret, attachment of extensor retinaculum; ect fac, ectal facet; fib col lig, attachment of fibular (lateral) collateral ligament; fib fac, fibular facet; inart sul, interarticular sulcus; inf ast for, inferior astragalar foramen; mcl fac, facet for the medial collateral ligaments; med mal fac, facet for medial malleolus of tibia; med col lig, attachment of medial (tibial) collateral ligament; m abd dig V, attachment of abductor digiti quinti muscle; m ex dig brev, attachment of extensor digitorum brevis muscle; m fl dig sup, attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle; m quad pl, attachment ofquadratus plantae muscle; nav fac, navicular facet; per tub, peroneal tubercle; pl lig, attachment of plantar ligaments (to the cuboid and cuneiforms) and tarsal fibrocartilage; sup ast for, superior astragalar foramen; sus, calcaneal susten- taculum; sus fac, sustentacular facet; tib tr, tibial trochlea; tub, tuber calcis. their occurrence. The fauna is well known associated postcranial remains are unknown. and well represented, and confusing elements There can be no predicted morphology for such as rodents and primates (which appear these forms. The establishment ofreliable as- in the Deseadan, early Oligocene) are absent. sociations is of paramount importance. I Yet, except for Carodnia, all tarsals lack as- have employed three interdependent meth- sociation and a number of members of the ods in making the associations proposed be- fauna (Asmithwoodwardia scotti, a new un- low; morphology, relative size, and relative named form, Ernestokokenia parayirunhor, abundance. Associations of astragali to cal- E. protocenica, Lamegoia conodonta, and canea were based on morphology, relative Tetragonostylops apthomasi)
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