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Mitochondrial Genomes of African Pangolins and Insights Into Evolutionary Patterns and Phylogeny of the Family Manidae Zelda Du Toit1,2, Morné Du Plessis2, Desiré L
du Toit et al. BMC Genomics (2017) 18:746 DOI 10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae Zelda du Toit1,2, Morné du Plessis2, Desiré L. Dalton1,2,3*, Raymond Jansen4, J. Paul Grobler1 and Antoinette Kotzé1,2,4 Abstract Background: This study used next generation sequencing to generate the mitogenomes of four African pangolin species; Temminck’s ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii), giant ground pangolin (S. gigantea), white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) and black-bellied pangolin (P. tetradactyla). Results: The results indicate that the mitogenomes of the African pangolins are 16,558 bp for S. temminckii, 16,540 bp for S. gigantea, 16,649 bp for P. tetradactyla and 16,565 bp for P. tricuspis. Phylogenetic comparisons of the African pangolins indicated two lineages with high posterior probabilities providing evidence to support the classification of two genera; Smutsia and Phataginus. The total GC content between African pangolins was observed to be similar between species (36.5% – 37.3%). The most frequent codon was found to be A or C at the 3rd codon position. Significant variations in GC-content and codon usage were observed for several regions between African and Asian pangolin species which may be attributed to mutation pressure and/or natural selection. Lastly, a total of two insertions of 80 bp and 28 bp in size respectively was observed in the control region of the black-bellied pangolin which were absent in the other African pangolin species. Conclusions: The current study presents reference mitogenomes of all four African pangolin species and thus expands on the current set of reference genomes available for six of the eight extant pangolin species globally and represents the first phylogenetic analysis with six pangolin species using full mitochondrial genomes. -
Identificado El Primer Fósil De Pangolín En La Península Ibérica
TIERRA Identificado el primer fósil de pangolín en la península ibérica El análisis del fémur de un pangolín de hace 16 millones de años, hallado en los años 70 en el yacimiento de Can Cerdà, en la cuenca del Vallès-Penedès (Cataluña), ha permitido identificar el primer registro de pangolines fósiles en la península ibérica. Los restos conservan características primitivas y se han asignado a un género ya extinto. Estos animales actualmente viven en Asia y África, pero hace más de cinco millones de años estuvieron también presentes en Europa. SINC 21/3/2018 10:30 CEST Ejemplar joven de pangolín asiático (Smutsia temminckii). / Maria Diekmann of Rare and Endangered Species Trust / CC BY 2.0 En la actualidad, los pangolines (u osos hormigueros escamosos) están representados por tres géneros, que difieren en su distribución geográfica y adaptaciones locomotoras. Los pangolines asiáticos se incluyen en el género Manis, mientras que los africanos están incluidos en Smutsia (pangolines de tierra) y Phataginus (pangolines arbóreos). Pero durante el Eoceno (hace más de 33 millones de años, los pangolines se extendían TIERRA desde Asia hasta América del Norte. El fémur fue excavado hace varias décadas en el yacimiento de Can Cerdà, pero el material nunca fue dibujado o descrito, y aparentemente fue olvidado En el Mioceno se encontraron exclusivamente en Europa, donde estuvieron representados por el género extinto Necromanis, de relaciones inciertas con las especies actuales. En Europa se han identificado distintas especies de este género durante el Oligoceno (hace más de 23 millones de años) y el Mioceno (hace entre 23 y 5 millones de años), generalmente representadas por restos fósiles fragmentarios. -
Proposal for Amendment of Appendix I Or II for CITES Cop16
Original language: English and French1 CoP17 Prop. 12 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal The proponents propose the transfer of Manis tetradactyla, M. tricuspis, M. gigantea and M. temminckii, from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I in accordance with Article II, paragraph 1, of the Convention. Specifically, all four species meet the biological criteria found in paragraphs C i) and ii) of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP16), Annex 1, due to a marked decline in population sizes in the wild observed as ongoing or inferred or projected on the basis of levels or patterns of exploitation, and a high vulnerability to intrinsic (i.e. low reproductive output, low density, specialized niche requirements) and extrinsic (i.e. a decrease in the area and quality of habitat) factors, and a reduction in recruitment due to indiscriminate offtake. B. Proponent Angola, Botswana, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo and United States of America2: C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Mammalia 1.2 Order: Pholidota Weber 1904 1.3 Family: ManidaeGray 1821 1.4 Genus, species or subspecies, including author and year: Manis tricuspis (Rafinesque 1821) Manis tetradactyla (Linnaeus 1766) Manis gigantea (Illiger 1815) Manis temminckii (Smuts 1832) 1.5 Scientific synonyms: Manis gigantea: Smutsia gigantea (Smuts, 1832); Phataginus gigantea (Grubbet al., 1998) Manis temminckii: Smutsiatemminckii (Smuts, 1832) Phataginus temminckii (Grubbet al., 1998) Manis tricuspis: Phataginustricuspis (Grubbet al. -
71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas. -
Influence of Tertiary Paleoenvironmental Changes On
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Influence of Tertiary paleoenvironmental changes on the diversification of South American mammals: a relaxed molecular clock study within xenarthrans Frédéric Delsuc*1,2, Sergio F Vizcaíno3 and Emmanuel JP Douzery1 Address: 1Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Paléobiologie et Phylogénie, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 2The Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand and 3Departamento Científico Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina Email: Frédéric Delsuc* - [email protected]; Sergio F Vizcaíno - [email protected]; Emmanuel JP Douzery - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 28 April 2004 Received: 25 December 2003 Accepted: 28 April 2004 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004, 4:11 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/4/11 © 2004 Delsuc et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. MammalsXenarthransEvolutionPalaeontologyPhylogenyRelaxed molecular clockBayesian datingGlobal changeTertiarySouth America Abstract Background: Comparative genomic data among organisms allow the reconstruction of their phylogenies and evolutionary time scales. Molecular -
Ankle Structure in Eocene Pholidotan Mammal Eomanis Krebsi and Its Taxonomic Implications
Ankle structure in Eocene pholidotan mammal Eomanis krebsi and its taxonomic implications Inés Horovitz, Gerhard Storch, and Thomas Martin Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (3), 2005: 545-548 Georges Cuvier (1798) established the classical concept of Edentata which included sloths, anteaters, armadillos, aardvarks, and pangolins. With the growing body of comparative morphological data becoming available during the nineteenth century, it was evident that Cuvier's “Edentata” was an artificial group (e.g., Huxley 1872). In his classical textbook,Weber (1904) excluded aardvarks and pangolins from the Edentata and put them in separate orders, Tubulidentata and Pholidota. Later on, fossil taxa were repeatedly added to and removed from Edentata, such as various xenarthran groups, taeniodonts, palaeanodonts, and gondwanatheres, but the South American Xenarthra always was considered as their core group. Even the living order Pholidota has been cited again as ?Edentata incertae sedis many years after Weber’s work (Romer 1966). The validity and extent of a higher taxon Edentata are still in dispute. In this discussion, the Middle Eocene pholidotan Eomanis and the putative xenarthran Eurotamandua from Grube Messel near Darmstadt (Germany) play an important role (Storch 1978, 1981, 2003; Rose and Emry 1993; Gaudin and Branham 1998; Rose 1999). Eomanis krebsi and Eurotamandua joresi have been subject to some discussion regarding their taxonomic distinction. It has been suggested that the only specimen known of Eo. krebsi might actually be a juvenile representative of the senior species E. joresi. A reexamination of the type specimen of Eo. krebsi has yielded some new observations regarding the identity of some of its ankle elements. -
Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola
Chapter 15 The Mammals of Angola Pedro Beja, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Luís Veríssimo, Elena Bersacola, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Ara Monadjem, Pedro Monterroso, Magdalena S. Svensson, and Peter John Taylor Abstract Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide P. Beja (*) CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CEABN-InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Vaz Pinto Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] L. Veríssimo Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola e-mail: [email protected] E. -
Mammalia) of São José De Itaboraí Basin (Upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Lílian Paglarelli BERGQVIST Departamento de Geologia/IGEO/CCMN/UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21949-940 (Brazil) [email protected] Érika Aparecida Leite ABRANTES Departamento de Geologia/IGEO/CCMN/UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21949-940 (Brazil) Leonardo dos Santos AVILLA Departamento de Geologia/IGEO/CCMN/UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21949-940 (Brazil) and Setor de Herpetologia, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 20940-040 (Brazil) Bergqvist L. P., Abrantes É. A. L. & Avilla L. d. S. 2004. — The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Geodiversitas 26 (2) : 323-337. ABSTRACT Here we present new information on the oldest Xenarthra remains. We conducted a comparative morphological analysis of the osteoderms and post- cranial bones from the Itaboraian (upper Paleocene) of Brazil. Several osteo- derms and isolated humeri, astragali, and an ulna, belonging to at least two species, compose the assemblage. The bone osteoderms were assigned to KEY WORDS Mammalia, Riostegotherium yanei Oliveira & Bergqvist, 1998, for which a revised diagno- Xenarthra, sis is presented. The appendicular bones share features with some “edentate” Cingulata, Riostegotherium, taxa. Many of these characters may be ambiguous, however, and comparison Astegotheriini, with early Tertiary Palaeanodonta reveals several detailed, derived resem- Palaeanodonta, blances in limb anatomy. This suggests that in appendicular morphology, one armadillo, osteoderm, of the Itaboraí Xenarthra may be the sister-taxon or part of the ancestral stock appendicular skeleton. -
Pangolin-Id-Guide-Rast-English.Pdf
COURTESY OF LISA HYWOOD / TIKKI HYWOOD FOUNDATION PANGOLIN SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR FIELD AND DESK Citation: Cota-Larson, R. 2017. Pangolin Species Identification Guide: A Rapid Assessment Tool for Field and Desk. Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development. Bangkok: USAID Wildlife Asia Activity. Available online at: http://www.usaidwildlifeasia.org/resources. Cover: Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii). Photo: Lisa Hywood/Tikki Hywood Foundation For hard copies, please contact: USAID Wildlife Asia, 208 Wireless Road, Unit 406 Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand Tel: +66 20155941-3, Email: [email protected] About USAID Wildlife Asia The USAID Wildlife Asia Activity works to address wildlife trafficking as a transnational crime. The project aims to reduce consumer demand for wildlife parts and products, strengthen law enforcement, enhance legal and political commitment, and support regional collaboration to reduce wildlife crime in Southeast Asia, particularly Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam, and China. Species focus of USAID Wildlife Asia include elephant, rhinoceros, tiger, and pangolin. For more information, please visit www.usaidwildlifeasia.org Disclaimer The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ANSAR KHAN / LIFE LINE FOR NATURE SOCIETY CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 2 INTRODUCTION TO PANGOLINS 3 RANGE MAPS 4 SPECIES SUMMARIES 6 HEADS AND PROFILES 10 SCALE DISTRIBUTION 12 FEET 14 TAILS 16 SCALE SAMPLES 18 SKINS 22 PANGOLIN PRODUCTS 24 END NOTES 28 REGIONAL RESCUE CENTER CONTACT INFORMATION 29 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TECHNICAL ADVISORS: Lisa Hywood (Tikki Hywood Foundation) and Quyen Vu (Education for Nature-Vietnam) COPY EDITORS: Andrew W. -
Field Guide for Rehabilition of India Pangolin
2021 Authors Rajesh Kumar Mohapatra Sarat Kumar Sahu Aditya Joshi Chetan D. Vanjari Bhaskar Bhandari Mukesh Thakur Priyan Perera Aristo Mendis Vikram Aditya Gargi Sharma Bhau Katdare Anirban Chaudhuri Manoj Mahapatra © 2021 Nandankanan Biological Park, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of the publication for non- commercial purpose is authorized without written permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of the publication for resale or other commercial purpose is prohibited without written permission from the copyright holder. Disclaimer: This publication is meant for authorized use by the personnel of zoos and rescue centers, forest officials and veterinarians involved in wildlife crime control, rehabilitation and pangolin conservation activities in-situ and ex-situ. The information and statements contained in this document referring to any specific product, trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily imply its endorsement or recommendation by the authors or publishers. Published by: Nandankanan Biological Park, Bhubaneswar and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi Released on the occasion of “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav” celebration highlighting Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) from 12th-18th July 2021 Photo credits: Rajesh Kumar Mohapatra: Front cover, Fig. 1.a., 5, 6.c, 9a-13b, 14a-16; Dulu Borah: Fig. 1.b; Bhau Katdare: Back cover, Fig. 3.a, 4, 23a; Himanshu Lad: Fig. 3.b.; Sharath Babu, R.: Fig. 6.a,b; Chetan D. Vanjari: Fig. 17.a-c, 18a,c; Sarat Kumar Sahu: Fig. 18.b; Mukesh Thakur: Fig. 19-20.e; Bhaskar Bhandari: Fig. 21.a-d; Aditya Joshi: Fig. 13c, 22.b, 23.b. -
Scaling up Pangolin Conservation
July 2014 SCALING UP PANGOLIN CONSERVATION IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group Conservation Action Plan Compiled by Daniel W. S. Challender, Carly Waterman and Jonathan E. M. Baillie SCALING UP PANGOLIN CONSERVATION IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group Conservation Action Plan July 2014 Compiled by Daniel W. S. Challender, Carly Waterman and Jonathan E. M. Baillie IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group C/o Zoological Society of London Regent’s Park London England NW1 4RY W: www.pangolinsg.org F: IUCN/SSC Pangolin Specialist Group T: @PangolinSG Cover photo: Temminck’s ground pangolin © Scott & Judy Hurd Suggested citation: Challender, DWS, Waterman, C, and Baillie, JEM. 2014. Scaling up pangolin conservation. IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group Conservation Action Plan. Zoological Society of London, London, UK. 1 Acknowledgements It would have been impossible to produce this The meeting would not have been possible without action plan, or hold the 1st IUCN SSC Pangolin the generous financial and/or in-kind support from a Specialist Group Conservation Conference in number of organisations, specifically the Wildlife June 2013 from which it emanates, without the Reserves Singapore Conservation Fund. commitment and enthusiasm of a large number of people, and the support of a number of Thanks are also extended to the International Union organisations committed to pangolin conservation. for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC), the Zoological Society of London Thanks are extended to all members of the IUCN SSC (ZSL), San Antonio Zoo, Houston Zoo, TRAFFIC, Pangolin Specialist Group, and both members and and Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong. non-members for their passion and dedication Particular thanks also to Sonja Luz and her team at throughout the four day conference, specifically: the Night Safari, Wildlife Reserves Singapore, for their Gary Ades, Claire Beastall, Bosco Chan, logistical and organizational support throughout Ya Ting Chan, Jason Chin, Ju lian Chong, Yi Fei the event. -
Indian Pangolin (Manis Crassicaudata)
NATIONAL STUDBOOK Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) Published as an outcome of the Central Zoo Authority sponsored project titled: “Development and Maintenance of Studbooks for Selected Endangered Species in Indian Zoos” Awarded to the Wildlife Institute of India [Sanction Order: Central Zoo Authority letter no. 9-2/2012-CZA(NA)/418 dated 7th March 2012] Data Till: October 2015 Published: February 2016 National Studbook of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) Published as a part of the Central Zoo Authority sponsored project titled “Development and Maintenance of Studbooks for Selected Endangered Species in Indian Zoos” Awarded to the Wildlife Institute of India [Sanction Order: Central Zoo Authority letter no. 9-2/2012-CZA(NA)/418 dated 7th March 2012] PROJECT PERSONNEL Junior Research Fellow Ms. Nilofer Begum Project Consultant Anupam Srivastav, Ph.D. Project Investigators Dr. Parag Nigam Shri. P.C. Tyagi, IFS Copyright © WII, Dehradun, and CZA, New Delhi, 2016 This report may be quoted freely but the source must be acknowledged and cited as: Wildlife Institute of India (2016) National Studbook of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi. TR. No. 2016/001 For correspondence: Project Investigator, Studbook Project, Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18, Dehradun, 248001 Uttarakhand, India Foreword Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation coupled with poaching are limiting the growth of wild populations of several species; increasingly rendering them vulnerable to extinction. For species threatened with extinction in their natural habitats ex-situ conservation offers an opportunity for ensuring their long-term survival. Pedigree information contained in studbooks forms the basis for scientific management and ensures long term genetic viability and demographic stability of such populations.