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June 2020 • International Association for Urban Climate Urban Climate News Quarterly Newsletter of the IAUC ISSUE NO. 76 JUNE 2020 • INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR URBAN CLIMATE From the IAUC President Inside the June issue... Dear colleagues in the IAUC community. When I last wrote my column three months ago, 2 News: Heat & Covidd19 • Cities must countries around the globe were at various stages prepare for risks • Underwater maps of COVIDd19 shutdown. Now, three months on, countries are at various stages of redopening, but 10 Feature: Magnitude and seasonality with different degrees of success. It has been a diffid of global surface urban heat islands cult time for all of us, mostly of course for those who have been ill or lost loved ones. Those of us teachd 16 Projects: LCZ African city mapathon ing in the university sector have been stunned by How Oktoberfest contributes to CH4 the impact. Australian universities have been esped cially hard hit by COVIDd19, partly because they are Special Report: Remembering the life 27 & times of Baruch Givoni (1920d2019) so dependent on international students for funding and partly because travel restrictions began while so many of these students were overseas during Bibliography: Recent publications 35 Conferences: Upcoming gatherings the (austral) summer break. Currently the university sector in Australia is going through massive budget cuts along with academic redundancies. As teachd IAUC Board: Looking ahead to 2021: 47 ICUCd11 meeting in Sydney, Australia ing was moved online earlier in the year, workloads for staff increased dramatically. This will worsen in the second part of the year as online and facedtod Board. The Board is especially delighted by the gendd face teaching proceeds in tandem, accommodating der and geographical diversity of the candidates. I students who are still overseas as well as local studd encourage all members to take the opportunity to dents. I sincerely hope that you are all managing. vote for their preferred candidates. Details of the There are some small areas of silverdlining in this voting procedure will be circulated in the coming overarching cloud of gloom. Urban researchers of days. all persuasions (including sociologists, transport end Issue No. 76 of the Quarterly Newsletter of the gineers, retail analysts as well as air quality and clid IAUC provides its usual excellent offering of cond mate specialists) have found rich research opportud tributions from our members, as well as an oppord nities in the shutdown and subsequent reopening tunity to focus on the postdpandemic future and of cities. My own Monash University in Melbourne activities for our community. I hope that there will has launched the ‘Melbourne Experiment’, a multid soon be opportunities for us to meet facedtodface at disciplinary study to document the impacts of shutdd IAUCdrelated workshops and conferences, but reald down and implications for the future city. In our istically this might not occur until midd2021. Until own field, I know of at least two large international then video conferences will have to suffice. research programs to document urban atmospheric impacts of COVIDd19. One that I have recently bed With best wishes. come involved in is sponsored by WMO/GAW and involves observation, modelling and satellite red − Nigel Tapper, motedsensing of urban and regional air quality for IAUC President more than 45 cities around the world as they shut [email protected] down and reopened. Also on a very positive note, we have 11 candidd dates for the two vacant positions on the IAUC In the News 2 ‘A summer unlike any other’: Heatwaves and Covid-19 are a deadly combination As underserved populations face hotter neighborhoods and limited access to air conditioning, the pandemic threatens the malls and libraries where they typically find relief May 2020 — Temperatures in some California cities this week broke decadesdold records. The heatwave that cooked Las Vegas over the past few days brought temd peratures over 100F. And in Phoenix, highs this weekend are expected to approach or exceed 110F. This year is on track to be one of the hottest on record, and public health officials worry that in cities across the US, summer heatwaves will collide with the coronavirus pandemic, with deadly consequences for poor, minority and older populations. Even before the pandemic hit, heat was killing more Some California cities broke decades-old temperature Americans than all other natural disasters combined. records, heightening fears amid the coronavirus pan- People who live in cities are especially vulnerable to demic. Source: www.theguardian.com heatwaves because of a phenomenon called the “urban heat island effect” – cities with populations of 1 million asked utility companies not to shut off service this sumd or more can be up to 5F hotter than surrounding areas mer, even if customers can’t pay bills, so that they have due to high population density, a lack of greenery and access to water, cooling and refrigeration through the shade, and because materials like steel, concrete and asd hottest days. phalt tend to absorb more heat. “Every summer we worry about the heat when it Analyses have also found that cities’ poorest neighd ramps up – especially in April and May before people borhoods tend to be hotter, and that many lowdincome have a chance to acclimatize,” said Carolyn Levering, the families have been struggling to cope for years. In some emergency management administrator for Las Vegas. “I neighborhoods of Los Angeles, New York and Chicago, think it just gives us extra concern this year because of up to a third or more of households lack air conditioning. the pandemic.” Due to the economic fallout of the coronavirus pandemd In Las Vegas, Phoenix and Los Angeles, officials are ic, many more are unable to pay to run their ACs. And keeping some cooling centers – designated public buildd even as cities begin reopening after lockdown, many of ings where residents come for cold water and a respite the malls, public libraries and recreation centers where from the heat – open, at a reduced capacity so people overheated Americans traditionally went to cool down can maintain social distancing while seeking relief from remain risky, especially for older people and others with the heat. At five cooling centers in LA, anyone who end a heightened risk of dying from Covidd19. ters has their temperature checked and is required to Throughout the country, public health officials told wear a mask and remain 6ft away from other people. In the Guardian they were scrambling to find ways to prod Nevada’s Clark county, which includes Las Vegas, four tect the most vulnerable from the dual threats of heat cooling centers stayed open during the most recent and coronavirus. “This summer is definitely not going heatwave. to be like any other summer,” said Deanne Criswell, the But none of these solutions are broad enough to catch commissioner of New York City Emergency Managed everyone at risk of dying from heatstroke, advocates say. ment. “We’re not going to have the same level of facilid “Hell no, it isn’t enough,” said Jonathan Parfrey, the exd ties open that New Yorkers typically go to all the time to ecutive director of the LAdbased nondprofit Climate Red stay cool. It’s a big concern.” solve. “This is just a staggering problem.” New York is in the process of installing 74,000 air condd In South LA, where 64% of residents fall below the poverd ditioners in the homes of lowdincome seniors, according ty line, more than 40% of households lack air conditioning, to Criswell. The city is also seeking to help more people according to a study published this month by researchers pay for electricity this summer, as the unemployment crid at the University of Southern California who analyzed data sis leaves thousands of New Yorkers without the means from the electrical meters of nearly 180,500 households. to make rent and utilities. Other cities across the US have “Poverty was a better predictor of whether or not people ISSUE NO. 76 JUNE 2020 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR URBAN CLIMATE In the News 3 had AC than even how hot or cool it was in a neighbord hood,” said Kelly Sanders, one of the study’s authors. The vast majority of these heatdrelated deaths in cities occur inside homes that aren’t airdconditioned, said New York’s Criswell. “That ain’t going to be me this year,” said Collette McCoydDouglas, 67, a retired nurse who lives in a public housing facility for seniors in Chicago. McCoyd Douglas said her building turned on the central air condd ditioning a day early, after residents complained durd ing the heatwave over Memorial Day weekend. But the system, which only cools each apartment’s living room, “felt warm when I touched it,” she said. Her thermostat read 100F. “So I’ve poured ice on my head twice today People sit inside social distancing markers at Domino – it messed up my hair, but it helped,” she laughed. Park in Brooklyn. Source: www.theguardian.com A spokesperson for Chicago Housing Authority said it was not aware of any air conditioning issues at senior Chicago’s infamous 1995 heatwave, which killed more housing facilities. than 700 people, was on the minds of both women. Although McCoydDouglas considered looking for “You know, in my apartment, we have people with someplace cool she could go, she decided against it. “I’ve mental illness and disabilities. They can’t even leave got an autoimmune disease, I have asthma, I have stents,” the building,” said McCoydDouglas, who also knew of she said. “I’m more skeptical against the coronavirus.” two neighbors who had died of Covidd19. “It just breaks Unable to cool down, she eventually picked up a neighd my heart.
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