National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet NFS Form 10-900a OMB Approval No. 1024—0018 (Aug. 2002) (Expires Jan. 2005) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number ——— Page ___ SUPPLEMENTARY LISTING RECORD NRIS Reference Number: 07001101 Property Name: Willard, Beatrice, Alpine Tundra Research Plots County: Larimer State: Colorado Multiple Name: N/A This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places in accordance with the attached nomination documentation subject to the following exceptions, exclusions, or amendments, notwithstanding the National Park Service certification included in the nomination documentation. October 25, 2007 Signature of the Keeper Date of Action Amended Items in Nomination: Section 3: FPO Certification The Level of Significance is, hereby, entered as "National" to be consistent with the accompanying correspondence from the park superintendent and the level supported by the National Register documentation. The Cultural Resource/Ranger staff of Rocky Mountain National Park was notified of this amendment. DISTRIBUTION: ———————————————————————— National Register property file Nominating Authority (without nomination attachment) RECEIVED 2280 N PS Form 10-900 )MBNo. 10024-0018 United States Department of the Interior SEP 11 2007 National Park Service National Register of Historic Places NA' ^ISfEOFrllSTORiCPL NATIONAL PARKSFRUltt: Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determination for individual properties and districts. See instruction in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter' N/A for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategones from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property_________________________________________ historic name Willard. Beatrice. Alpine Tundra Research Plots___________________ other names/site number Rock Cut Research Plot: 5LR10540: Forest Canyon Research Plot' 5LR11754________________________________________________ 2. Location________________________________________________________ street & number Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO)___________ [N/A] not for publication city or town Estes Park_______________________________ [X] vicinity state Colorado code CO county Larimer code 069 zip code 80517 3. State/Federal Agency Certification _____ As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this [X] nomination [ ] request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property [X] meets [ ] does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant [ ] nationally [ ] statewide [ ] locally. ( [ ] See continuation sheet for additional comments.) /WftUy ff.Q, Signature of certifying official/Title >/ Date National Park Service State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property pfl meets [ ] does not meet the National Register criteria. ([ ] See continuation sheet for additional comments.) _____Vy\ /VvJ/V ^\ L Y^^JL______________State Historic Preservation Officer Signatureire of cenrcertifying official/TTtle/7 Dat Office of Archaeology andriistoric Preservation. Colorado Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification hereby certify that the property is: // , Signatuje/gt thej(e^pei//xv / y pa>ej)f^Actionr [^entered in the National Register A^- See continuation sheet. ^7~7 /~^l. ] determined eligible for the National Register [ ] See continuation sheet. ] determined not eligible for the National Register. ] removed from the National Register ] other, explain [ 1 See continuation sheet. Willard. Beatrice. Alpine Tundra Research Plots Larimer/Colorado Name of Property County/State 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) (Do not count previously listed resources.) Contributing Noncontributing [ ] private [ ] building(s) [ ] public-local [X] district 0 0 buildinas [ ] public-State [ ] site [x] public-Federal [ ] structure 2 0 sites [ ] object 1 0 structures 0 0 objects 3 0 Total Name of related multiple property listing. Number of contributing resources (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) previously listed in the National Register. n/a 0 6. Function or Use Historic Function Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT EDUCATION/research facility EDUCATION/research facility LANDSCAPE/unoccupied land LANDSCAPE/unoccupied land 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) No style___________ f ou ndation_____ walls roof other EARTH STEEL Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Willard. Beatrice. Alpine Tundra Research Plots Larimer/Colorado Name of Property County/State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National (Enter categories from instructions) Register listing.) SCIENCE [ ] A Property is associated with events that have made a CONSERVATION significant contribution to the broad patterns of our POLITICS/GOVERNMENT history. [X] B Property is associated with the lives of persons Periods of Significance significant in our past. 1959-1979________ [ ] C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and Significant Dates distinguishable entity whose components lack 1959. 1961. 1962. 1973. individual distinction. 1960. 1963. 1970. 1971. 1972. 1979 [ ] D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Significant Person(s) (Complete if Criterion B is marked above). Criteria Considerations Wiilard. Beatrice E._________ (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: Cultural Affiliation [ ] A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. N/A_________ [ ] B removed from its original location. [ ] C a birthplace or grave. Architect/Builder [ ] D a cemetery. N/A ____ [ ] E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. [ ] F a commemorative property. [X] G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: [ ] preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been [X] State Historic Preservation Office requested [ ] Other State Agency [ ] previously listed in the National Register [X] Federal Agency [ ] previously determined eligible by the National Register [ ] Local Government [ ] designated a National Historic Landmark [ ] University [ ] recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey [ ] Other #____________________________________ Name of repository: [ ] recorded by Historic American Engineering Record Cobrado Historical Society # National Park Service Willard. Beatrice. Alpine Tundra Research Plots Larimer/Colorado Name of Property County/State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property less than one UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) 1. 13 437883 4473537 Rock Cut (NAD83) Zone Easting Northing 2. 13 439655 4471665 Forest Canyon (NAD83) Zone Easting Northing 3. Zone Easting Northing 4. Zone Easting Northing [ ] See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Cheri Yost/Park Ranger and Chase Davies organization Rocky Mountain National Park date June 2007 street & number 1000 Highway 36 telephone (970) 586-1200 city or town Estes Park state Colorado zip code 80517______ Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the Maps property. A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. Additional Items A Sketch map for historic districts and properties (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional having large acreage or numerous resources. items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) name Rocky Mountain National Park. U.S. Department of the Interior street & number 1000 Highway 36 telephone (970) 586-1200 city or
Recommended publications
  • Subterranean Warfare: a New-Old Challenge
    Subterranean Warfare: A New-Old Challenge Yiftah S. Shapir and Gal Perel Subterranean warfare is not new in human history. Tunnels, which have been dug in all periods for various purposes, have usually been the weapon of the weak against the strong and used for concealment. The time required to dig tunnels means that they can be an important tool for local residents against an enemy army unfamiliar with the terrain. Tunnels used for concealment purposes (defensive tunnels) can be distinguished from tunnels used as a route for moving from one place to another. The latter include smuggling tunnels used to smuggle goods past borders (as in the Gaza Strip), escape routes from prisons or detention camps, offensive tunnels to move forces behind enemy lines, and booby-trapped tunnels planted with explosives !"#$%#!#&'%()*+,+-+#.%/)%-)*-+*% .#"%0'%1)&).23 Operation Protective Edge sharpened awareness of the strategic threat posed by subterranean warfare. The IDF encountered the tunnel threat long ago, and took action to attempt to cope with this threat, but the scope of -4#%54#!6&#!6!7%).%0#*)&#%)55)$#!-%+!%8 ,'9: ; .-%<=>?7%@).%56$-$)'#"% as a strategic shock, if not a complete surprise, requiring comprehensive reorganization to handle the problem. Some critics argued that an investigative commission was necessary to search for the roots of the failure and punish those to blame for it. This article will review subterranean warfare before and during Operation Protective Edge, and will assess the strategic effects of this mode of warfare. !"#$%&#'()#*+,-"../0"/0#1/.2/." A 0-#$$)!#)!%@)$()$#%4).%)55#)$#"%&)!'%-+&#.%+!%-4#%:$)09B.$)#,+%*6!-#C-7% and the IDF and the Ministry of Defense have dealt with various aspects of the phenomenon of subterranean warfare for many years.
    [Show full text]
  • Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: an Annotated Bibliography by R
    Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography by R. Lee Hadden Topographic Engineering Center November 2005 US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Alexandria, VA 22315-3864 Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels In Afghanistan Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE 30-11- 2. REPORT TYPE Bibliography 3. DATES COVERED 1830-2005 2005 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER “Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats and Tunnels 5b. GRANT NUMBER In Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography” 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER HADDEN, Robert Lee 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Topographic Alexandria, VA 22315- Engineering Center 3864 9.ATTN SPONSORING CEERD / MONITORINGTO I AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Tunnel Operations in the Israel Defense Forces: Adapting The
    Original Manuscript Armed Forces & Society 1-21 ª The Author(s) 2020 Tunnel Operations in the Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0095327X20924040 Israel Defense Forces: journals.sagepub.com/home/afs Adapting the Warrior Ethos to Post-Heroic Conflict Nehemia Stern1 , Uzi Ben-Shalom1, Niv Gold2, Corinne Berger1, Avishai Antonovsky3, and Dvir Peleg1 Abstract This study presents an empirically grounded account of tunnel combat operations in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) within the context of “post-heroic” warfare. Cur- rent scholarship on “post-heroism” has viewed the technological and professional standards of contemporary military conflicts as distancing the individual combatant from the modern battlefield. Little attention has been given however to the ways in which soldiers themselves experience and adapt to post-heroic conditions. Findings based on in-depth semistructured interviews with 17 IDF tunnel combatants show these soldiers actively reinterpreting the strategic importance placed on distancing the warrior from the battlefield. This exploratory article suggests that an individual “warrior ethos” still resonates amid the professional and technological contours of post-heroic (underground) conflicts. By presenting a novel account of contemporary tunnel warfare from the perspective of the combatants themselves, this research sheds new light on the different personal dimensions that impact post-heroic military operations. 1 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Israel 2 Clinical Branch, Department of Mental Health, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force, Israel 3 Mental Fitness Branch, Department of Mental Health, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Corresponding Author: Nehemia Stern, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic
    0/-*/&4637&: *ODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUI6OHMVFJU XFIBWFTFUVQBTVSWFZ POMZUFORVFTUJPOT UP MFBSONPSFBCPVUIPXPQFOBDDFTTFCPPLTBSFEJTDPWFSFEBOEVTFE 8FSFBMMZWBMVFZPVSQBSUJDJQBUJPOQMFBTFUBLFQBSU $-*$,)&3& "OFMFDUSPOJDWFSTJPOPGUIJTCPPLJTGSFFMZBWBJMBCMF UIBOLTUP UIFTVQQPSUPGMJCSBSJFTXPSLJOHXJUI,OPXMFEHF6OMBUDIFE ,6JTBDPMMBCPSBUJWFJOJUJBUJWFEFTJHOFEUPNBLFIJHIRVBMJUZ CPPLT0QFO"DDFTTGPSUIFQVCMJDHPPE Revised Pages Envisioning Socialism Revised Pages Revised Pages Envisioning Socialism Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic Heather L. Gumbert The University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Revised Pages Copyright © by Heather L. Gumbert 2014 All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (be- yond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid- free paper 2017 2016 2015 2014 5 4 3 2 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978– 0- 472– 11919– 6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978– 0- 472– 12002– 4 (e- book) Revised Pages For my parents Revised Pages Revised Pages Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 Cold War Signals: Television Technology in the GDR 14 2 Inventing Television Programming in the GDR 36 3 The Revolution Wasn’t Televised: Political Discipline Confronts Live Television in 1956 60 4 Mediating the Berlin Wall: Television in August 1961 81 5 Coercion and Consent in Television Broadcasting: The Consequences of August 1961 105 6 Reaching Consensus on Television 135 Conclusion 158 Notes 165 Bibliography 217 Index 231 Revised Pages Revised Pages Acknowledgments This work is the product of more years than I would like to admit.
    [Show full text]
  • ATP 3-21.51 Subterranean Operations
    ATP 3-21.51 Subterranean Operations 129(0%(5 2019 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ATP 3-21.51, dated 21 February 2018. Headquarters, Department of the Army This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil), and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard) *ATP 3-21.51 Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 3-21.51 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 1RYHPEHr 2019 Subterranean Operations Contents Page PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1 SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................... 1-1 Attributes of a Subterranean System ........................................................................ 1-1 Functionality of Subterranean Structures .................................................................. 1-1 Subterranean Threats, Hazards, and Risks .............................................................. 1-2 Denial and Deception ................................................................................................ 1-6 Categories of Subterranean Systems ....................................................................... 1-9 Construction of Subterranean Spaces and Structures ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza
    From Cast Lead to Protective Edge Lessons from Israel’s Wars in Gaza Raphael S. Cohen, David E. Johnson, David E. Thaler, Brenna Allen, Elizabeth M. Bartels, James Cahill, Shira Efron C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1888 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9787-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise): Nir Elias/Reuters; Amir Cohen/Reuters; Abu Mustafa/Reuters; Tsafrir Abayov/AP Photo Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report examines the Israel Defense Forces operations in Gaza from the end of Operation Cast Lead in 2009 through Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012 to Operation Protective Edge in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weapon of Criticism
    z6L+ dred kilometres long in the region of oF cRlilclsM Cu Chi alone; similarly, only a just, revolutionary cause could motivate o men and women to endure the hard- o- ship of living and f ighting underground for months and years The Tunnels of Cu Chi at a time. Tom Mongold ond John Penycote The region of Cu Chi was long a Hodder .l985& Stoughton stronghold of the NLF. Because of lII London its proximity to Saigon the U.S. (olso ovoiloble in French: army spared no effort in trying to Les tunnels Chi de Cu .l985) control the area. A huge U.S. base Albin Michel; Poris housing an Army division was con- structed near the village of Cu Chi. There are few examples of Huge expanses of land were heroism more telling than that of the bulldozed, burned and sprayed with EI= Vietnamese people's just struggle pesticides. The authors report that I against U.S. aggression. One of the wells in the area were systematically J. merits of Mangold and Penycate's poisoned by U.S. soldiers who threw work The Tunnels of Cu Chi is to the corpses of dead animals into l- rekindle memories (for those of us them. Villagers were herded by force old enough to remember) or present into the in f amous ' 'strategic a first picture of the unbelievable hamlets." Those who escaped were courage, self-sacrifice and ingenuity considered fair game for attack by that the men and women of Vietnam artillery fire and bombs or the Cobra demonstrated. To a certain extent helicopters that flew low to the such a picture shines throughdespite ground machinegunning everything the intentions of the authors, who that moved.
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers' Guide for Military Technology
    Military Technology TO THE TEACHER OBJECTIVES OF THIS UNIT: To help students think about warfare from the perspective of the technology used, thus linking military history to economic history and the history of science. TEACHING STRATEGIES: This unit can be used to help students grasp the long-term military confrontation between Chinese dynasties and the northern steppe societies. This unit lends itself to a comparative approach as many of the weapons and techniques have close counterparts in other parts of the world. Most of the images in this unit were taken from wood block illustrations in traditional Chinese books. To make this unit more challenging, teachers could raise questions about the advantages and limits of such sources. WHEN TO TEACH: Although the material in this unit derives primarily from Song dynasty sources, it deals with weapons and defensive systems in use for many centuries, and even in a chronologically-organized course could be used earlier or later to good effect. If used as part of instruction on the Song period, students would get more from the unit if they have already been introduced to the struggle between the Song and its northern neighbors, culminating with the Mongols. This unit would also be appropriate for use in teaching comparative military history. The Song period is a good point to take stock of China's military technology. First, warfare was central to the history of the period. The confrontation between the Song and the three successive non-Chinese states to the north (Liao, Jin, and Yuan) made warfare not only a major preoccupation for those in government service, but also a stimulus to siegecraft crossbows and rethinking major intellectual issues.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Urban Warfare in the Age of Megacities
    Études de l’Ifri Focus stratégique 88 THE FUTURE OF URBAN WARFARE IN THE AGE OF MEGACITIES Margarita KONAEV March 2019 Defense Research Unit The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 979-10-373-0017-1 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2019 How to cite this publication: Margarita Konaev, “The Future of Urban Warfare in the Age of Megacities”, Focus stratégique, No. 88, Ifri, March 2019. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel. : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: ifri.org Focus stratégique Resolving today’s security problems requires an integrated approach. Analysis must be cross-cutting and consider the regional and global dimensions of problems, their technological and military aspects, as well as their media linkages and broader human consequences. It must also strive to understand the far reaching and complex dynamics of military transformation, international terrorism or post-conflict stabilization. Through the “Focus stratégique” series Ifri’s Security Studies Center aims to do so, offering new perspectives on the major international security issues in the world today.
    [Show full text]
  • Operations in Subterranean Systems: Terrain and Weather Variable
    https://securityandefence.pl/ Operations in subterranean systems: Terrain and weather variable José Paulo Silva Bartolomeu [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-2884 Military University Institute, Portugal, R. Pedrouços 122, 1449-027 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract The overall objective of the research is to summarize tactical considerations, resulting from terrain and weather analysis, to support the preparation, planning and execution of subterranean operations. The study used the Grounded Theory for collection, analysis, and systematic treatment of data. The main data sources for the study consisted of purposive sampling from operations in subter- ranean systems and lessons learned from them. Two new sub-variables are now proposed to be included in terrain and weather variable from mission analysis model for subterranean operations: Subterranean system’s location and accesses and subterranean system features. The key to finding subterranean systems is through terrain analysis, physical ground search, operational indica- tors, and intelligence products. The analysis of the features of the subterranean system and its mapping is critical for developing courses of action. Forces must be trained and equipped to manoeuvre and combat at short distances and poor visibility condi- tions. Surface access points and command and control bunkers usually are assessed as key terrain. Obstacles placed at intersections are excellent ambush sites. Accessing sophisticated structures requires specific techniques and equipment. Inside the subterranean systems, existing angles, barriers, walls, cavities, stairwells and other objects provide cover and concealment. Water can make it impossible to build subterranean systems, place obstacles, or even use them; droughts can “create” new avenues of approach. Clouds and fog difficult the detection of subterranean systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Collegium 46
    Proceedings of the Bruges Colloquium Urban Warfare 16th Bruges Colloquium 15-16 October 2015 Actes du Colloque de Bruges La guerre en milieu urbain 16ème Colloque de Bruges 15-16 octobre 2015 ICRC Delegation to the EU, NATO and the Kingdom of Belgium Délégation du CICR auprès de l’UE, de l’OTAN et du Royaume de Belgique Audrey Eprinchard Sous la direction de Stéphane Kolanowski Members of the Editorial Board, College of Europe/ Membres du Comité d’édition, Collège d’Europe Luis Bouza García Thomas Braibant Annelies Deckmyn Riccardo Trobbiani Notice Collegium is the academic journal of the College of Europe. Copyright remains with the authors. The proceedings of this Colloquium have been written by the speakers or by the Delegation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Brussels on the basis of audio recordings of the Colloquium. These texts were then reviewed by the speakers. The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of College of Europe nor the International Committee of the Red Cross. Avertissement Collegium est la revue académique du Collège d’Europe. Les Actes de ce Colloque ont été rédigés par les orateurs ou par la Délégation du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) à Bruxelles sur base d’enregistrements audio du Colloque. Ces textes ont alors été revus par les orateurs et n’engagent que ces derniers. Tous droits réservés. Ils ne représentent pas nécessairement les vues ni du Collège d’Europe ni du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge. N° 46, Autumn/Automne 2016 I. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRUGES COLLOQUIUM/ACTES DU COLLOQUE DE BRUGES p.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Tunnel Rats Looking More French Than the Eiffel Tower Itself
    HOLDFASTJuly 2017 - Number 31 www.tunnelrats.com.au OffICIal NEWslEttER of thE VIETNAM TUNNNEL Rats AssoCIatION INC. EARLY TUNNEL RATS Looking more French than the Eiffel Tower itself, Warrant Officer Lasserre of the Commandos Français is one of the many early Tunnel Rats of the Vietnam war revealed in this issue PLUS: Details on our November reunion visiting SME and SOER PLUS: Details on our Tunnel Rats tour to Vietnam next March NOSTALGIA PAGES 2 Calm before the storm for Sapper Creek Nostalgia Pages Pages of great pics from the past to amaze and amuse. Photo contribitions welcome. Send your favourite Vietnam pics (with descriptions, names and ap- prox dates) to Jim Marett 43 Heyington Place Toorak Vic 3142 or by email to: [email protected] Sapper Robert Creek, a Tunnel Rat with 3 TP 1 FD SQN 1967/68 sitting on top of a substantial bunker, possibly at 3 Troop lines. Robert was one of 10 HOLDFASTJuly 2017 - Number 31 www.tunnelrats.com.au OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE VIETNAM TUNNNEL RATS ASSOCIAT ION INC. Sappers sent out from FSB Andersen in February 1968 to form a listening post on the night of an expected NVA attack during Tet. The listening post was hit with enemy mortar fire killing four of the team and wounding three, including SPR Creek who was evacuated back to Australia because of his wounds.Our extensive story in issue 30 covering the events of that night included detailed contributions from Robert. Sad reminders of the human side of war EARLY TUNNEL RATS Looking more French than the Eiffel Tower itself, Warrant Officer
    [Show full text]