Global Change ~
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GLOBAL CHANGE ~ No. 16 1993 THE INTERNATIONAL GEOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE PROGRAMME: A STUDY OF GLOBAL CHANGE (IGBP) OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 1TIr. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Report from the JGOFS Scientific Steering Committee 94 -03- , , to the Executive Committee of SCOR T he past year saw a large amount of JGOFS were in the Equatorial Pacific, 1. The mapping of spatial and temporal sciencific activity in as Phase I of variability of air-sea CO exchange has lGOPS where the intensive phase of the Process 2 the Southern Ocean Process Study neared Study was nearing completion, and the been enhanced considerably in areas of comple ti on, the Equatorial PacificProcess Southern Ocean, where majornewinsights the Southern Ocean which were data Study entered its third field season, and were ga ine d in a series of cruises. During sparse. Areas between the southe rn conti the results ofehe pilot phase of the Arabian mid to late 1992, the El Nifio conditions nents and Antarctica, parts of which are Sea Process Study were being assessed. In which had prevailed during the earli e r implicated by ocean colour imagery in addition, the JGOFS-WOCE Global CO, phases of the EQPAC process srudywaned, major COl flux, are now particularly weIJ Survey moved into full implementation allowing comparison of El N ino and nOIl covered. with 10 cruises, and activities continued at El Nino conditions in the open central 2. Significant advances have been made in the Bermuda and Hawaii Time Series Sta Pacific. The USA survey cruise on the RV our understanding of the role of the sea tions. New time-series operations were THOMAS THOA1PSON e ncountered a sonal sea-ice zone in determiningthemag begun by France-JGOrS at Kerguelen in massive accumulation of phytoplanktoll in nitude and spatio-temporal variability of the Southern Ocean and by Germany in a convergence zone near 2°N. Subsequent ca rbon sequestration in the Southe rn the Canary I.slands in the eastern subtropi observations on a benthic cruise in No Ocean (a pproximately 50% of the area cal north Atlantic. ThusJGOFS is actively vemher-December revealed chat diatom south of the Polar Frontal Zone). In partic implementing all field operations de dominated phytodetrituscovered the bot ular, two intensive process studies have scribed in itsScienceand Implementation tom from 5 0 S to SON, echoin g similar yielded a much greater understanding of Plans. Over 40 process study and survey findings in the NABE study. the sequence of biogeochemical events cruises and approximately 36 time series In the first major field season for the associated with the spring ice me lt, and cruises have been completed in the past JGOFS Southern Ocean study, several key have underscored the complex inte rac 12- 18 monchs. achievements and advances have already tions between hydrographi c and ice-edge The scientific highlights of the year for emerged: structure. 1 CONTENTS 12 The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study START in Temperate East Asia Report from the JGOFS Scientific 13 Steel'ing Committee 8 International Global A tmospheric 3 Past G lobal Changes Chemistry Project Global Change and TelTestrial Ecosystems Scientific Steering Committee Discussions Llternationnl Tropospheric Ozone Year RepOI·ts to the Scientific PAGES Data Activities Monitoring of Methane Emission in Rice Paddy Steering Committee 10 Fields IGBP Transccts T he Weather Generator Project Aerosol Characterization Experiments T8MA 15 Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia Pull-Out Section List of meetings 6 IGBP Committees 16 People with the IGBP list of Members from January 1994 List of publications IGBP NEWSL E TTER 16 3. Factors likely to control prima ry produc to the va ri ous ongoing national activities. Research \¥orkshop on the topic. Some tion in th e Southern Ocean have been A report from the O:l t<\ ;VlanagementTask [GAC lic1d work has been done on JGOFS addressed in sevcral process cruises. fron T eam is availabl e from th e JGOFS CPO. cru ises in the Eq ll(l[orial Pacific. The in ~ limitation has been i_nvcstigated, alongwith The l GOFS SSC pl aces a grear em [eraction results from th e net:d for bencr morc critical examination of the impac t of phas is on iss lIcs or Global Synthesis, rcc understanding of exchangcs at the air-sea ve rtica l mixing and of grazi ng. Under ognizing that die truly global estimatcs of interfa ce. standing of the impact of UV- B is begi n oceani c ca rbon fl uxes and other paramc The l GOFS Indian Oeea" Planning ning co emerge. rers important to J GOF~ can only be ob~ Group whic h is responsible for th e ~cie n 4. Through frcquent co ll aboration with tained th rough intcrn ationally c:oordinat tific plan ning of th e Arabian Sea Process \·Vurld Ocean C ircula tion Experiment in cd effort; nations can ae bestonl y parti cipate Study, met in tvlombasa, Kcnya in No~ vestiga ci ons, the biogeochemic:a l role of in [WO or three ()f th e regional process vcmber. A two weck rraining collrse in th e fronts with in rhe Southern Ocean is being studies. The most import<1m runction of mcthods for the most important j GOFS ull nlve ll ed. the intern ational programme is to provid e Core Measurements was orga ni7.ed with the means for integration ofthe results of supporr and flss istal1 ce fro l11 the lnrcr 5. Despite formidable logistic difficulties, these nH tional ac ti vities tOwards the inter governmcntal Oce~lnograp h ic Commis time-series :md other long-term sites are narionaJ objectives. sion. fVl e mbers uf the Planning Group bein g establi shed. The level of intc ra crion widl otht:r served as instructors in the eourse whi ch A numbcrofintcrn ati onalJGOFSTask IGBP Core ProjecL'\ has increased during had about 25 pa rticipating scientists fro m Te;ulls and Planning Groups have met in the paSt year. T he jGOFS/LOICZ (IGIlP rhe region. An urgcnc need for an imerna 1993. The North Atlantic Planning Group Core Project on (.and-Occan lmcractions tional coordinaro rfortheArabian Sea Proc met in \¥arn cmUnde in April and began to in the Coastal Zone) Task T eam on Con ess Study has been identi fied and an effort develop a scienrifi c plan for a proct:ss study ri ncnca\ Margi ns, established in 1991 held is underway to lind the necessary resourc in the North Atl antic, the obj ective of its second formal meeting immediately e:; for this. which will be to reduce th e uncertainties after che recenr JOOrS SSC meeting. It is HIIgh W. DllcNow"/G'OPSCOf< P'"je"Sci'·II in rhe e~t im a t es of the si:t.e of the. carbon in rh e process of completing a science pl an list, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu tion, sink in the North Atlantic. This is [Q be for l GOFS/I.OICZ work in rhe eoast"1 ami Woods Hol e. MA 02543. USA. Tel: (+1-508) achieved by improvin g- our understand ing shdf seas. This inreracrion results rrom 457 2000, ext. 3357. Fax: (+ 1-508) 457 2193, E of biogcochemi cal and physical pro cesse~ th e needs of hoth projects to understand mai l: H.Du cklow (Om net), hducklow @ rcgulating the uptakc of atmospheric COl' horizontal boundary fluxes or carbon and cliff.whoLedu It is intended that th is will be dlC la st sediment transport across [he contincntal proccss study in the jGOFS programme, shel f. F.lizflvetil GrnJS, JCOFS Execfltive SecreffllJ', wking pJacc in J 998, and that it will take The JGOrs /1GAC (Illterna ,ional Glo {//u/ F.xeclltivc Director. Scientific Committee advantage of th e understanding and re bal Atmospheric C hemistry Project) Task on Oceanic Research, Department of Earth and sul ts gain ed from the 1989-1990 orth T eam on Biogcochcmica l Air~Sea Trans Planetary Sciences. Johns Hopkins University. Arlantic 13/00111 Experiment (NABE) as fers, esmbfi shed this year, wi ll hold its first Baltimore. MD 21218. USA. Tel; (+ 1-410) we ll as Ot her regional studies. A detailed meering in December. T his arises from 5164070. Fax; (+ 1-410) 516 7933. E-mail: report of this mecting is avai lable rrom th e the joint l GOFS/IGAC N ATO Adva nced E.Gross.SCOR (Omnet) lGOFS Core Project Office. "1"h e j GOFS DlIta JGOFS Cruises 1992- 1993 tvl anagcJ11t!n t Tnsk AlI,,,.II • • A.. ro,," A>/unJb: ' Ant:lru ..... ltn.lI~ • Fn.nkhn • Eq P~c T l:.1ll1 mct an hc Bri t Cal\l.d •• fOlO I,ia ' G .. II S1. \.lIwr is h Oceanographic U.nlda · Hud,on • Morrotco - Call1l~ a ' H.. d,on • Gulf SI. Lawr - - - - Datil Cenm: in May C~nada • N.. edl~r • $codln ",cif Canada ' P~ua~ • G .. lf - Sr.lIwr. - undcr its new C h a ir~ - Dl»d•• Tul!,.· N. PIt - man, Dr. Roy Lowry. China. MASflUX • E. Chtn~ S~ fnncll' Mo.rlon-Dufres<le· lrn/l.n 0 - The group re viewed fr.lnu!· l'Aubnto! • AlIanll .. - - - ch e St<lWS of rhe in ~ Frattc. • • ANTAJlfJX • So Cc.. terna t io nal N AB E Cel1'nJfI)" Hl!'lilklll' Ammk Gemw>Y' K.,ldysh • AtR!Mlt - data SC t and consid Germany • M~,..or • "'d.lndc ered that a numbcrof G~' Pobr~ll'm' so. Oc.. Gernuny • Pou,don • Atlantlc. - userul data products \iaw:II ' l'IIriou. · HOTS could he assembled j.>/»In • H.k.