GLOBAL CHANGE ~
No. 16 1993
THE INTERNATIONAL GEOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE PROGRAMME: A STUDY OF GLOBAL CHANGE (IGBP) OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS
1TIr. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Report from the JGOFS Scientific Steering Committee 94 -03- , , to the Executive Committee of SCOR
T he past year saw a large amount of JGOFS were in the Equatorial Pacific, 1. The mapping of spatial and temporal sciencific activity in as Phase I of variability of air-sea CO exchange has lGOPS where the intensive phase of the Process 2 the Southern Ocean Process Study neared Study was nearing completion, and the been enhanced considerably in areas of comple ti on, the Equatorial PacificProcess Southern Ocean, where majornewinsights the Southern Ocean which were data Study entered its third field season, and were ga ine d in a series of cruises. During sparse. Areas between the southe rn conti the results ofehe pilot phase of the Arabian mid to late 1992, the El Nifio conditions nents and Antarctica, parts of which are Sea Process Study were being assessed. In which had prevailed during the earli e r implicated by ocean colour imagery in addition, the JGOFS-WOCE Global CO, phases of the EQPAC process srudywaned, major COl flux, are now particularly weIJ Survey moved into full implementation allowing comparison of El N ino and nOIl covered. with 10 cruises, and activities continued at El Nino conditions in the open central 2. Significant advances have been made in the Bermuda and Hawaii Time Series Sta Pacific. The USA survey cruise on the RV our understanding of the role of the sea tions. New time-series operations were THOMAS THOA1PSON e ncountered a sonal sea-ice zone in determiningthemag begun by France-JGOrS at Kerguelen in massive accumulation of phytoplanktoll in nitude and spatio-temporal variability of the Southern Ocean and by Germany in a convergence zone near 2°N. Subsequent ca rbon sequestration in the Southe rn the Canary I.slands in the eastern subtropi observations on a benthic cruise in No Ocean (a pproximately 50% of the area cal north Atlantic. ThusJGOFS is actively vemher-December revealed chat diatom south of the Polar Frontal Zone). In partic implementing all field operations de dominated phytodetrituscovered the bot ular, two intensive process studies have scribed in itsScienceand Implementation tom from 5 0 S to SON, echoin g similar yielded a much greater understanding of Plans. Over 40 process study and survey findings in the NABE study. the sequence of biogeochemical events cruises and approximately 36 time series In the first major field season for the associated with the spring ice me lt, and cruises have been completed in the past JGOFS Southern Ocean study, several key have underscored the complex inte rac 12- 18 monchs. achievements and advances have already tions between hydrographi c and ice-edge The scientific highlights of the year for emerged: structure.
1 CONTENTS 12 The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study START in Temperate East Asia Report from the JGOFS Scientific 13 Steel'ing Committee 8 International Global A tmospheric 3 Past G lobal Changes Chemistry Project Global Change and TelTestrial Ecosystems Scientific Steering Committee Discussions Llternationnl Tropospheric Ozone Year RepOI·ts to the Scientific PAGES Data Activities Monitoring of Methane Emission in Rice Paddy Steering Committee 10 Fields IGBP Transccts T he Weather Generator Project Aerosol Characterization Experiments T8MA 15 Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia Pull-Out Section List of meetings 6 IGBP Committees 16 People with the IGBP list of Members from January 1994 List of publications IGBP NEWSL E TTER 16
3. Factors likely to control prima ry produc to the va ri ous ongoing national activities. Research \¥orkshop on the topic. Some tion in th e Southern Ocean have been A report from the O:l t<\ ;VlanagementTask [GAC lic1d work has been done on JGOFS addressed in sevcral process cruises. fron T eam is availabl e from th e JGOFS CPO. cru ises in the Eq ll(l[orial Pacific. The in ~ limitation has been i_nvcstigated, alongwith The l GOFS SSC pl aces a grear em [eraction results from th e net:d for bencr morc critical examination of the impac t of phas is on iss lIcs or Global Synthesis, rcc understanding of exchangcs at the air-sea ve rtica l mixing and of grazi ng. Under ognizing that die truly global estimatcs of interfa ce. standing of the impact of UV- B is begi n oceani c ca rbon fl uxes and other paramc The l GOFS Indian Oeea" Planning ning co emerge. rers important to J GOF~ can only be ob~ Group whic h is responsible for th e ~cie n 4. Through frcquent co ll aboration with tained th rough intcrn ationally c:oordinat tific plan ning of th e Arabian Sea Process \·Vurld Ocean C ircula tion Experiment in cd effort; nations can ae bestonl y parti cipate Study, met in tvlombasa, Kcnya in No~ vestiga ci ons, the biogeochemic:a l role of in [WO or three ()f th e regional process vcmber. A two weck rraining collrse in th e fronts with in rhe Southern Ocean is being studies. The most import<1m runction of mcthods for the most important j GOFS ull nlve ll ed. the intern ational programme is to provid e Core Measurements was orga ni7.ed with the means for integration ofthe results of supporr and flss istal1 ce fro l11 the lnrcr 5. Despite formidable logistic difficulties, these nH tional ac ti vities tOwards the inter governmcntal Oce~lnograp h ic Commis time-series :md other long-term sites are narionaJ objectives. sion. fVl e mbers uf the Planning Group bein g establi shed. The level of intc ra crion widl otht:r served as instructors in the eourse whi ch A numbcrofintcrn ati onalJGOFSTask IGBP Core ProjecL'\ has increased during had about 25 pa rticipating scientists fro m Te;ulls and Planning Groups have met in the paSt year. T he jGOFS/LOICZ (IGIlP rhe region. An urgcnc need for an imerna 1993. The North Atlantic Planning Group Core Project on (.and-Occan lmcractions tional coordinaro rfortheArabian Sea Proc met in \¥arn cmUnde in April and began to in the Coastal Zone) Task T eam on Con ess Study has been identi fied and an effort develop a scienrifi c plan for a proct:ss study ri ncnca\ Margi ns, established in 1991 held is underway to lind the necessary resourc in the North Atl antic, the obj ective of its second formal meeting immediately e:; for this. which will be to reduce th e uncertainties after che recenr JOOrS SSC meeting. It is HIIgh W. DllcNow"/G'OPSCOf< P'"je"Sci'·II in rhe e~t im a t es of the si:t.e of the. carbon in rh e process of completing a science pl an list, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu tion, sink in the North Atlantic. This is [Q be for l GOFS/I.OICZ work in rhe eoast"1 ami Woods Hol e. MA 02543. USA. Tel: (+1-508) achieved by improvin g- our understand ing shdf seas. This inreracrion results rrom 457 2000, ext. 3357. Fax: (+ 1-508) 457 2193, E of biogcochemi cal and physical pro cesse~ th e needs of hoth projects to understand mai l: H.Du cklow (Om net), hducklow @ rcgulating the uptakc of atmospheric COl' horizontal boundary fluxes or carbon and cliff.whoLedu It is intended that th is will be dlC la st sediment transport across [he contincntal proccss study in the jGOFS programme, shel f. F.lizflvetil GrnJS, JCOFS Execfltive SecreffllJ', wking pJacc in J 998, and that it will take The JGOrs /1GAC (Illterna ,ional Glo {//u/ F.xeclltivc Director. Scientific Committee advantage of th e understanding and re bal Atmospheric C hemistry Project) Task on Oceanic Research, Department of Earth and sul ts gain ed from the 1989-1990 orth T eam on Biogcochcmica l Air~Sea Trans Planetary Sciences. Johns Hopkins University. Arlantic 13/00111 Experiment (NABE) as fers, esmbfi shed this year, wi ll hold its first Baltimore. MD 21218. USA. Tel; (+ 1-410) we ll as Ot her regional studies. A detailed meering in December. T his arises from 5164070. Fax; (+ 1-410) 516 7933. E-mail: report of this mecting is avai lable rrom th e the joint l GOFS/IGAC N ATO Adva nced E.Gross.SCOR (Omnet) lGOFS Core Project Office. "1"h e j GOFS DlIta JGOFS Cruises 1992- 1993 tvl anagcJ11t!n t Tnsk AlI,,,.II • • A.. ro,," A>/unJb: ' Ant:lru ..... ltn.lI~ • Fn.nkhn • Eq P~c T l:.1ll1 mct an hc Bri t Cal\l.d •• fOlO I,ia ' G .. II S1. \.lIwr is h Oceanographic U.nlda · Hud,on • Morrotco - Call1l~ a ' H.. d,on • Gulf SI. Lawr - - - - Datil Cenm: in May C~nada • N.. edl~r • $codln ",cif Canada ' P~ua~ • G.. lf - Sr.lIwr. - undcr its new C h a ir~ - Dl»d•• Tul!,.· N. PIt - man, Dr. Roy Lowry. China. MASflUX • E. Chtn~ S~ fnncll' Mo.rlon-Dufres
2 IGBP NEWSLETTER 16
Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems
Scientific Steering tional on finding support to run the Focus ....:;;..-.. 4 office. A meeting to refin e furt her the GCTE Science Focus 4 operational plan, to establish links Committee Meeting with other groups intcrested in the global Conference ---'-- change/biodi vc rsity issue, and to officiall y OperatioNal issllcswere highligh/ed at fneream! launch the rcscarch programme wi ll be A state -of -the -sciencc assess ment of lIIeetillg oj Ihe GC'l'1i SSC held ill Tokyo 011 6- held in the fi rs t quarter of 1994. research intO terrestrial ecosystem interac 8 September. As GCTE moves morc strongly GC'l'E's rescarch on ecological com tions with glohal change wi ll be made at iH/o Ihe implemtll/olioll phose of ifS research pl exity is d istinguishcd from otherresearch the "Voods Holc Oceanographic Insti tu programme, the SSC is giving iNcreasiNg ottCll- programmes on hiodiversity and global tion (Massachusenes, USA) during the con 1;01110 strengthelliNg tht illtegratioll within the change in that it focuscs nn global change ference fro m 23 ta27 May, 1994. The meet CCTE project (l1It/lo t.rlOblishillg effective liNks impacts on complexity (whic h includes ing promises to present exciting new resul ts will! olhergrollps. connectivity and spatial diversity- patchi as we ll as stimulate new areas of rescarch ness- as well as species diversity) and its where our current understanding is poor. Integration within GCTE rel ationship to ccosystem function. Thc GCTE's ca rl y achievements will be A numher of GCTE activities, such as rhe Focus 4 research effort will draw heavil y the primary focus of the conferencc, with on thccllrrcmSCOPE project on thc func consortium ofe levatedCOz research projects overview papers presented by each of the and rhe wheat research n ~[wo rk , are moving tional significance of bi odivcrsity. F oc.: us I.. caders and hi gh li ghts of individu ahead scrongly. As mher such coordinated al research projects given by GC' r E Activ GCTE nct\vorks arc: establi shed, GC' 1' E is Freshwater Ecology ity and Task Leaders. In addition, there in stituting a numbe r of activities to ensure The lack of an id entifiable rolc for fresh will be in vited papers by scientists not effi cie nt in tegration with in the programme. watcr ecology within IGBP was raised a t currently affi li ated with GCTE. These in cludeshared T asks and joimwork the Third Meeting of the Scientifi c Advi A major feature of the conference is a shops and meetings. sory Counci l for the IGBP at Ensenada. nu m berof sessions on cross-cutting thcmes Mexico, inJanuary,and atprcvious GCTF. whi ch in volve more than one GGTE Fo LEMA SSC mee tings. At the Tokyo GCTE SSC cus and which involve GC-rE in col labora GCTE's Long-term Ecological Modelling meeting a discussion papcr on the issue tive wo rk wieh other IGB P Core Projects/ Acti vity (LEMA) nctwork is raking shape was considered, and a numbcr of impor Framework Activities and with Ot he r wi dl d,C accepmnce of the initial group of tant aspects - greenhousc gas e missions grou ps. These cross-cuning themes in centrcs into thc nctwork. An intcrim set of from freshwater systems, frcshwaters as clude: objectives for LEMA has been determined, integrators and concentrators of global • I .inking ecosystem physiology with ec and the proposa l to cstabli sh the LEMA change signals, and the impac ts of global osystem dynamics Secretariat has been forwarded to appro change on freshwater ecosystems and on • The terrestrial biosphere in the Earth pri;:l te agenci es. T he first meeting of the watcr supply - were discussed. system LEMA Coordinating Committee wi ll be Thc GCTE Scientific Sreering Com • Interactive effects of global change on helli in the first half of 1994. mittee forwarded to the Scicntifi c Com comple x agro-ecosystems I.EMA wil l promote OCTE's research mittee for the IG BP options for a possible • How much is the Earth's vegetation e ffort by linking tOgether ecologi cal mod additional focus on fres hwatcr ecology changi ng? ell ing groups around he world to share within the IG BP. The meeting wi ll be held at the Ma- models and data, to undertake model inter comparisons, co provide feedback to ex The GCTE perimental projects, and to initiate ami Scientific develop new modelling [Oo ls required in Steering global changc rescarch. Committee T he first set of LEMA ct:ntres repre Meeting, scntS a broad geogm phical spread (five con Tokyo, tinents are represemed), cvery major biorne September 1993 type, and a wide range of specialis t skills.
Ecological coxplexity The draft operational plan for GCTE's f' oc us 4 - Global C hange and Ecological Complexity - was accepted by the SSC, and Professor Osvaldo Sala of thc Uni ver sityof Bucnos Aires was invitcd to lead the research effort. His acceptance was condi-
3 .....,------IGBP NEWSLETTER 16
rine Biological Laborarory, Woous Hole, IGBP Transects M assachusenes, USA , from 23 [0 27 May 1994. Nearl y 400 scientists are planning to GCTE's plans to establish an International system of transect studies for global change research have become a reality with the identification of the first set of transects. I attend the conference, based on responses Each IGBP transect has been chosen to reflect the effect of variation in a major environmental to the first circular. factor as it influences terrestrial ecosystem structure/functionfcomposltion, biosphere/atmosphere Abstracts of papers for thc Conference trace gas exchange, and hydrologic cycling. should be submitted [0 Dr. Brian H. 'Walk These transects can most easily be visualized as a series of research sites along a simple gradi er, GCTE Core Project Office, CS! RO D i ent of a single controllIng factor or global change driving force (e.g., temperature, precipitation). vision of\-VildLife and Ecology, PO Box 84, The presence of a strong underlying gradient shapes the ecosystems along a transect and their Lyneham ACT 2602, Australi a. Fax: (+61- interactions with other environmental factors, thereby helping us to understand how these sys 2) 241 23 62, e-mail: [email protected] u. tems fUnction, and how they are likely to change. The initial set of IGBP transects will be chosen according to a rather stringent set of criteria: before 15 January. (I) a coherent set of sites that differ more or less straightforwardlY and continuously In a major Registration shoul d bescnt, by 15 April environmental factor that is subject of change (or has already changed) as a consequence of 1994, to Lou Ann King, Manager of Con anthropogenic global environmental change ferences, l\IJarine Bi ologic;:1l Laboratory, (il) located In a region that is likely to be altered by forcing from global change, where the altera Woods H ole, MA, 02543, USA. Fax: tion is itself likely to be globally significant, or where the alteration is likely to lead to signifi (+ 1-508) 540 7187. cant feed backs (Ht) Is sufficiently broad that: a) understanding gained from the transect can be applied more broadly: b) crosses transition between systems dominated by major life forms (e.g. foresu prairie or savanna; tundra/taiga): and c) requires resources beyond the scope of individual research groups. On the other hand. transects should not be so broad as to lose focus (e.g., pole-m-pole transec.ts). TEMA: (IV) Is already esrablished or actively developing, with sites selected, and much of the research team in place. Terrestrial Ecosystems
Although originall y planned to contribute primarily to GCTE's Focus I work on ecosystem physi in Monsoon Asia ology, it is now clear that the transects will also contribute to other GCTE activities and to other Core Projects within the IGBP: • GeTE: blogeochemical studies, change in ecosystem structure and composition; production A large, developing research project in forestry and rangelands; ecological compleXity and ecosystem function. EastAsia promises [Q greatl y e nhance our • IGAC : trace gas emissions from terrestrial systems, including biomass burning unde rstanding of [he responses of fo rest • BAHC: biotic c.ontrol of water and energy exchange between the land surface and the atmas ecosystems to global change. phere The objectives ofthe T errestri al Eco • 0/5: application of remote sensing data to terrestrial global change studies • LUCC: land-use and land-cover change systems in IvJonsoon Asia (' I'EMJ\) project, • LO/Cl: Impact of land-use change on sediment loading of streams and rivers which has been accepccu in co the GC'l'E Initially four major regions, each crossing a transition between a major life farm, have been Core Research Programme, Hre to predict identified for transect studies. These are: tundra-boreal; semi-arid tropical savanna: temperate the effects of elevated and climHtc CO2 forest-prairie: and humid and dry topical forest (where the gradient is In Intensity of land-use). change on the distributio n and strll C[lJre of forests in r\lJonsoon A'iia, and to determine - the associated feedback effects to the glo IOEALlZED TRANSECTS bal carbon cycle. TEMA's research strategy is based on The • are study sites along the transeot a seri es of experimental sites in Monsoon As ia from tbe bore,;]l forests of Siberia and Hokkaid o (J apan) through cool and warm Temp~rature transect: temperate forests in mainland Japan and tuhdra-boreal forest transition eastern China, to tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia. TEMA in cl udes two GCT E high priority biames: boreal for ests, which ~ue expected to change signif icantly because of increasi ng temperature, and troplcal rainforests, which arc under goin g rapid change in land use. Humid cl imate prevails over lVlonsoon Asia: high precipitation with more or less conspicuous rain y seasons. In this climate, (he predominate vegetation is forests, which are distributed continuously from boreal to tro pical without intervening arid zones - a characteristic unique to (his region. Another characteristic of the region is a range of high mountains. Air te m peracure, whi ch is one ofche most importanr factors thac determine vegetations strutwrc, changes altitudinal1y as well as latitudinaJ-
4 IGBP NEWSLETTER 16
Iy and forest types change zonally with the screened include photosynthesis, respira lie these correlations will be exploited by temperature gradient. The pattern of for tion, allocation and growth, as well as re such models as production process mod est types along both altitudinal and latitu production, phenology, propagule disper els, heat balance models, and cost-benefit dinal temperature gradients undercurrent sal, and resistance to freezing. models, to simulate the impact of global climatic conditions will form the basis for • Modelling of Forest Structure as an Inte change on landscape and regional scales. the study of global change impacts on gration of Funrtional Types, Prediction of the • jJ1ode!lillg of the Carbon Cycle of Forest Monsoon Asia. Effect of Global Change on Forest Structure Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia. Feedbacks to the TEMA's experimental sites stretch Interactions between different func atmosphere and the physical dimate system. over 6,000 km from Siberia to Sumatra, tional types and different sizes of plants A model of the carbon cycle of Mon including Japan, eastern China, Malaysia determine the structure offorests. Models soon Asian forest ecosystems will be con and Thailand. The following study sices based on the diffusion equation will be structed and the effect of global change on have been or will soon be established: Mc used to describe forest dynamics. The ef the carbon cycle simulated, for input to Kluchevskoy, Furano, Mt Hakkoda, Ogawa, fects of episodic events, such as natural and global carbon models. The models will be Chichibu, Kiyosymi, Shigayama, Mt Fuji, artificial disturbance and extremes in tem supported by experimental studies of the Odaighara, Yoshiwa, Aya, Yakushima, Mc perature on forest dynamics, will be includ C(\ exchange of Monsoon Asian forests, Minya Konka, Mt Kinabalu, Mc Kerinci. ed in the model. The response of each and potential of these forests to be a "miss TEMA consists of four components: to ing sink" of CO will be evaluated. functional type global change, and their 2 • Screening ofKey Species with Respect to the interaction, will form the basis for predict The research plan for TEMA was fur Response to Global Change. Identification and ing the overall change in forest st(Llcture. ther refined at a workshop, held in Sep d{{ssification offutUtional types • Biogeographical Ana!:ysis of the Distribu tember 1993 in conjunction with a meet Physiological and morphological re tion and Structure of Forest Ecosystems in ing of the GCTE Scientific Steering sponses of key species to three important Monsoon Asia. Extension ofthe modelfrom the Committee. components of global change - increasing patch to the regional scale CO concentration, increasing tempera TEMA is coordinated by 2 Distribution and structure of forest Professor Tadaki Hi ture, and change in humidity-will be used vegetation in easwrn Asia are closely cor ro.le, Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, T 0- to classify these species into plant func related to climatic conditions. Physiologi hoku University, Aoba-yama, Sendai 980, Japan; tional types. Plant characteristics to be cal and ecological mechanisms that under- Fax: (+81-22) 263 9206
Integrating Earth System Science A speciallGBP issue of AMBIO Vol. XXIII, No. 1, February 19.94
A SELECTION OF PAPERS INCLUDES;
Integrating Earth syste'm science Landscape to regional scale B. Botin, J.J. McCalfhy & P. respon~es of terrestrial ecosystems Williamson to global change Planetary metaboHsm B. Walker B. Moore & B.H. Braswell The impact of rising COg on the Global change models - a physical terrestrial"biosphere perspective H. A. Mooney & G. Koch G. McBean A remote sensing based vegetatioh' Interactfons and collaborations classification logic for usa 1n global across the social and ,natural bfogeochemical models sciences S. W. RUilning, T.R. Love/and & L.L. R. Ba/stad Miller Pierce Science and policy making large-scale experimental and B. Bolin modelling studies of hydrological processes Palaeo-perspectives: ovelVrew and W. J. Shuttlewolfh the ice-core record C;Lorfus,& H. Oeschger Globallano-use/land-cover Change, toward an integrated programme of changes in Palaefo~perspectives: study terrestrial ecosystems B. Turner & W.B. Meyer A. 'Stre,et-Perrott Persp,ectlves on Policy Response of a coupled ocean F. Bretharton atmosphere model to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide Development of the Inter-American S. Manabe, R.J. Stouffer & MJ. Institute for Global Change Spe/man Hesearch F. Garcfa-Brum The interactive atmosphere: global atrriospheric-biospheric chemistry Changes In general circulation and R. Pr;nn its influence on precipitation trends in Central America: Costa Rica Biogeochemical interactions in the A. Brenes Vargas & VF. SaboriO' equatorial Pacific Trejos R. T. Barber, J. W. Murray, J. J. McCalfhy IGBP NEWSLETTER 16
sphere componenc of the Russian Nation. 1 People with Ann al Research Programme on Global Change Henderson in the Environment and Climate. He is a the IGBP Sellars microbiologist, specializing in microbial production of methane. His research inter_ ests includc ecology and geochcmistry. Two members are leaving, now that Changes in the Scientific thei r term of appointment has come to an Committee for the IGBP cnd. Both have helped in guidin g the imple~ The Scientifi c Committee is the leading mentation phaseofthclGBP, from the time body of the IGEP . The Officers and the that the science plan was adopted in 1990. Members are appoinccd hy TCSU, and the Chairs of rhe Scientific Steering Commit .lose Sarukhan. Rector of the National tees for rhe individual core projects and Autonomous University of Mexico, a re~ framework activities arc appointed by the Ann Henderson-Sellers is Director of nowned ecologist, brought to thc Scientif SC-IGBP, or jointly with other sponsoring Climatic Impact.s Centre and Professor of ic Committee his expertise in tropical de scientific bodies. T'hc Scientific Commit Physical Geography, School of Earth Sci ciduous for~sts and the impact ofland-use tee, selected among outstanding scientists ences, at Macquarie University in Sydney. patterns. Particular thanks arc given for in global change research for their personal Outstanding alllong her multiple interests the invitation to hold the highly successful accomplishments, has the responsibility is climate modelling, which led to her Third Scientific Advisory Council for the for planning the programme and for its appointment as the Leaderofthe Analysis IGBP in Mexico, in January 1993. implementation. It represents both a wide Team of the Model Evaluation Consorti range of expertise in all fields of Earth ll1ll for Climatc Assessment (M ECCA). S uresh K. Sinha, Professor ofEmincncc system research, and a regional diversity. Her re search interests arc climatology, at the Watcr Technology Centre, Indian Seven new members will join in Janu numerical modelling and monitoring at a Agricultural Research Institute, New nel ary 1994. 'Ne wish to thank here those global scale of the ,nmosphere, hydro hi , is an expert on the impact of cii 111<1 te members who arc leaving, both as C hairs sphere, cryospherc) land surfaces and the change on agriculture, and particularly of S~ i entific Steering Committees and as biosphere. drought situations. He now returns {() th e ICSU-appoill(ed Members of the Scien pressing demands of academic duties. tific Committee, for the generous gift of Oswaldo Sala is Professor in the Depart their energy and time co help IGBP reach ment of Ecology Faculty of Agronomy at New Chairs of Scientific its goals. the University of Buenos Aires. Dr. Sala's Committees international scientific responsibili ties in New Members appointed by ICSU clude membership on theGCTE Scientif John lnder Pal Abrol is Deputy DireccorGen ic Steering Committee sin ce 1990, where Field eral (Resource tVlanagemem) of the Ind i he wi ll continue to serve as leader of Focus an Council of Agricultural Research, New 4 on biological diversity. His research in- Delhi. I-lis national scientific responsibil i tics cover guiding resemch in resource Osvaldo managemem: cropping sysu;ms, soil and Sala wmer management, agrometeorology, agro forestry, and salinity management in dif ferent agrodimatic regions of India. J le is a member of many national and international professional organizations, among them founding member of the Society for Promo tion of \Nastelands Development, India. John Field is the new C hair of the Joint Dr. Abrol has been Vice-Chair and Chair of Global Ocean Flux Stud y ScicntificSteer the COIllmission on Soil Technology of the ingCommittee. JIe is Professor of Zoology International Society of Soil Science. at the University of Cape Town, Ronde bosch, South Africa. His research interests terests are: ( 1) vegetation dynamics in arid have focused on the functioningofmarine Inder Pal and semi-arid regions, including primary ecosystems, the ro les of physical factors in Abrol production estimates, resource partition marine ecosystems, and modelling. He ing, water relations, and grazing cffects; (2) has been Vice-ChairofJGOFS sincc 1991. carbon budgets of temperate grasslands and their responses to glohal chcll1ge. The Past Chair, TJ"evor Platt (Canada), Chiefoflliological Oceanography, Biolog Geot"ge Zavarzin, is Corresponding ical Sciences Branch, at the Bedford Insti Member of the Academician of the Ru s~ tute of Oceanography. is a specialist in sian Acadcmy of Sciences, and Academi marine prod Llction processes. He has hecn cian and Professor at the Institute of Micro a member of the jGOFS SSC since 19H8, biology, Moscow. Or. Zavarzin is the leader and continues to contribute his expertise of the Global Change Impact on the Bio- to the JGOFS SSC during 1994.
6 IGBP NEWSLETTER 16
--;;~~~:>~~:-l Pavel IGBP publications were displayed, r Kabat among the vast collection of scientific works created by ICSU members, at the ICSU General Assembly in Santia go. The exhibition was organized by ICSU Press. under the guidance of Dr. Dennis Shaw, Chairman of the Section on Scientific Serials of the International Association of Technological Universi ty Libraries (IATUL). Past President of IATUL, and initiator of the IGBP Re gionallnformation Centres plan.
Pavel Kabat is the new Chair of the Scien worked with DIS for the past three years. cstabli shmentofthc IGBP when hechaired tific Steering Committee for the Biospheric As ChairofthcIGBP-DIS Land Cover (he fint DIS Working Group and was a Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle (BAIIC) Working Group, Professor' 1'ownshend was member of the Special Committce oflCSU Core Project. He is at The Winand Starin g instrumental in developing the Global for the IGBP. Centre for Integrated Land, Soil and \Vater Land l -km Advanced Very High Resolu Research, 'vVagcningen, Netherlands where tion Radiometer Data Set, described in he is head of rhe Department of Agrohy TGBP Report No. 20 Improved Global drology. Dr. Kabac is well known for his Data for Land Applications. work on soil-vegetation-atmosphere rela Professor Townshcnd is also Chair of
tion from pact.:h [0 regional scales, and for the NASA/N OAA AVHRR Land Path
contributions [0 simulation modelling in finder Science Working Group responsi soil hydrology. I-le is involved in several ble for planning the development of a large scale land surface - atmosphere inter long-term retrospective global data set. action experiments, and was onc of the He is a member of the US National Acad integrating coordinators of the Hydrologic emy of Sciences Committee On Geophysi Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (HAPEX) cal Environmental Data, and a one of the Sahel field campaign in 1992. lCSU representatives on the Joint Scien tific and ' ('echnical Committee of the Glo Hal Mooney, Vice Chair of the Global The previous Chair, Hans-Jiirgen BoUe, bal Climate Observing System. Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core Professor of Meteorology at the Meteoro Project, and leading specialist in biodiver logical Institute, Free University of Ber Steppin g down as Chair is S. Tehtiaquc sity, was elected Vice President of the International Council of Scientific Unions lin) was vital in thedevelopmentofBAHC Rasool, who will continue as the Director at the ICSU General Assembly in Santiago from the time of his appointment to the of the DIS Office in Paris, and will contin de Chile. October 1993. The scient1fic initial BAI1C Coordinating Panel in 1987. ue (0 serve on the Global Analysis, Infor topics discussed at the ICSU meeting in He wi ll continue to devote his expertise to mation and Modelling Task Force. Dr. cluded biodiversity, ozone and UV-B ef the IGEP as Chair of the German National Rasool led the huilding of the data pro fects. and El Nino and related phenomena. (GBP Committee. gramme for the IG13P, from the initial
John Honours Townshend This autumn the careers of two outstanding scientists were celebrated as they reached the same milestone in their lives. A scientific symposium entitled 'Explorations of the Earth and Other Planets' marked the 60th birthday of Ichtiaque Rasool at the UniverSity of Maryland, College Park, on 29 Septem ber, Dr. Rasool, now in Paris at the University Pierre and Marie Curie, is Director of the IGBP DIS Office and Chief Scientist for Global Studies with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. His expertise is in studies of long-term atmospheric evolution of earth and the planets. He has made crucial contributions to research on thermal structures of planetary at mospheres, and the development of data interpretation techniques for satellite sensors. A scientific symposium on 'Challenges in Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change: Yes terday, Today and Tomorrow' was held at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research on
2-4 December In honour of the 60th birthday of Paul J. Crutzent Director of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in Mainz, Germany. Professor Crutzen is an internationally recognized John R. Townshend, the new C hair expert in atmospheriC chemistry and its role in biogeochemical cycles and climate, especially his of the Standing Committee for the IGBP work on the role of nitrogen oxides in chemistry of the stratosphere, and on the modelling of Data and Information System, is Professor atmospheric photochemical processes. He is a member of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel Roster of Experts of the United Nations Environment Programme, and has received nu and Chair at the Department of Geogra merous prizes and awards. phy, University of Maryland at College Both scientists, in addition to their distinguished careers, have contributed substantially to Park, USA. His experience is in ad the development of the IGBP, and were members of the first Scientific Committee nominated vanced research in remote sensing data by ICSU in 1987. applications for Earth science, and he has
7 IG8P NEWSLETTER 16
PAST GLOBAL CHANGES
T he PAGES Core Project held its Sci members discussed the endorsement of tribution to the PAGES global effort, bur entific Steering Committee (SSC) Meet these as PAGES core research (some of they are also important for the assessment ing in Washington DC in October 1993. which are still in the conceptual stage). of environmental change impact at the Great were the expectations: PAGES After a spirited discussion, the SSC decid local and regional levels. has been very active in the past year with ed that it would be roD rapid a step to move approximately a dozen workshops, either dirccrlyinto implementation; itwas decid Concerns in con nection with other palaeo-science cd to reconsider the overall project strate The SSC discussions were very open and conferences or special PAGES project gy. The PAGES Executive Committee, at engaged. Th~ full spectrum of the inter planning meetings. 'fhese meetings pro its meeting in January 1994, wi ll recvalu ests of PAGES scientists was evident, but vided the basis for the implementation of ate the project structure and implementa concerns were also voiced: PAGES core research. tion strategy, and present a more integrat • The modelling requirement for very ed concept to the SSC at its next meeting high resolution rccords (at the annual, or PAGES Pilot Project in AU8tralia in June 1994. even seasonal, level) of paramCter8 which One of the central science objectives of can be transferrcd into physical climate sys the PAGES Core Project concerns the Scientific Assessment of Climate tem parametcrs wi ll beadifficultchallenge. intercomparison of Palaeoclimates of the Change • Disappointment that, because of a lack NorthernAnd Southern Hemispheres (the A further topic of disclIssion was the PAG of absolute chronology, palaco-environ PANASH Project): ES inputtothe Intergovernmental Panel on mental information (palaeo ~m aps) some Focus I of the PANASf-l Project ad Climate Change opeC), now preparing its times cannot be considered for compari dresses the question: " Howanomalolls are next full scientific assessmeIU for publica sons with modelling experimcnts. the last 100 years in the time-frame of the tion in 1995. Palaeo-information i8 of rele 'l'hese vivid discussions arc an expres last 1000 years?" Several meetings and vance for all the chapters of the IPCC Scien sion of the strong commitment of the SSC workshops have dei:!.lt with studies of cli tific A8sessment. PAGES asked groups of members to making PAGES a success. mate forcing and the record of variability palaeo-scientists to prepare brief documents Such discussions are inherent to global during this period. The greatest interest relating to the nine chapters of the IPCC change sciencc. Through them, scientists centercd On the hiswryofthe palaeo-mon Scientific Assessment. These wi ll be pub from ficlds with very different traditions soon and ENSO phenomena. lished independently by PAGES and will are beginning to find common ground for Focus Il considers the qucs[ion: "I-Iow help to update the scientifi c priorities. the advancement of the objectives of the are environmental changes in the Northern PAGES Project. and Southern Hemisphe re related (in tim PAGES Research Results Reported by Hans Oeschger. Chai1; Past Global ing and phase) overche last 150,000 years?" Great: interest was shown in the results of Changes Scientific Steering Committee P ANASH U has evolved to consist of a studies of the new ice cores from Summit, marine element, the International Marine Greenland. The ice cores reveal the exis[ Global Changes Study (lM AG ES), and th ree ence of rapid climatic changes hoth during PAGES Data Activities continental elements which form the three the last glaciation and the Eemian intcrgla Pole-Eq uator-Pole (PE P) project-(ranse cts: cial. '1'heyalso indicate thatin a warm inter Both dlC disclIssions at PAGES meetings Americas (PEP 1), Australia-Eastern the glacial, climate may switch between differ and [he textofthe PAGES implementation Asia-Siberia and Africa -Mediter (PEP II), entstates as in th e last glacial. These results plan (JGBP Report 19) have called for PAG ranean-Eastern Europe (PEP Ill). These have stimulated the search for other marine ES to build a strong international COn8ensus projects are currently in the planning stage andconcinental Eemian interglacial record8. for the handlingof data management issues. and will be integrated into a global framc The attempt to understand the underlying In October, 1992) the establishment of the work for palaeoclimace research. mcchanisms of rapid changes is considered TCSU World Data Center (WDC-A) for a critical future task for PAGES. Paleodimatology in Boulder, Colorado, was Core Research A recently proposed pilot study, con formally announced. From its beginning During the past year, up to 20 studies were cerning the climate variabili ty of the North the World Data Center was designed to presented as potential core research projects Atlamic region and Europe (and America), help coordinate thc data activities of the for the Past Global Changes science pro was proposed as a PAGES initiative. In IG BP PastGlohal Change Core Project, and gramme, and were discussed at the meet tended to synthesize and integrate exist co makesurcthatpalaeo-environmental data ings of the PAGES Executive Committee. ing data, the study compriscs high resolu activities wcreoll thc agenda ofIGBr -Data They included elemems of PANASH, but tion historic information, tree-ring, ice core and Information System. It was the begin also address cross-project needs, such as: and coral proxy record8 and climate mod ning of major PAGESfWDC accomplish the development of new analytical meth elling experiments. ments during the past year. ods, data management, palacoclimate mod A strong interest in PAGES themes All the data are nowavailablcon INTER elling, and specific PAGES research themes, and key questions was expressed by repre NET. Over 1 GB data has becn accessed sllch as volcanic climate forcing. sentative8 of national programmes. These from more than 20 countries in the first At the Washington meeting the SSC national activities form an important con- year. Howevcr, data is still available for
8 MEMBERS OF IGBP COMMITTEES Short characteristics
Scientific Committee for the IGBP Stephan Kempe, 'Institute for Biogeochemistry and Chemis Scientific Steering Committee try of the Oceans, University of HamblJrg, Germany. Research Biospheric Aspects of the Officers interests include (he carbona(e system of the ocean, carbon Peter S. liss (Chair), University of East Anglia. Norwich, UK. cycle in coastal seas, biogeochemistry of rivers. evolution of Hydrological Cycle (IlAHC) ocean chemistry and formation of microbialites. Professor at the School of Environmental Sciences. Speciali,a. Pavel Kabat (Chair) (see SC-IGBPJ tion in environmental chemistry. with research in ocean/atmos J.W. Maurits la Riviere (Chairman, ICSU Advisory Commit phere chemistry, in particular air-sea gas exchange. tee on the Environment). Professor Emeritus of Environmental Alfred Beeker (Vice-Chair), Potsdam InstitIJte for Climate Microbiology at the University of Delft, Netherlands. and spe Impact Reseal'ch, Germany. Interests in hydrological research James J. McCarthy (Past-Chair), Harvard University, Cam cialist in environmental engineering, biogeochemical cycles, and modelling at different scales with special emphasis on the bridge, Massachusetts. USA. Professofof Biological Oceanogra microbial metabolism and ecology, and biological waste treat drainage basin ~pproach; biospheric aspects of modelling and phy. Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard ment and utilization, invest"lgat",ons of the impacts of climate change on hydrology and University. Research interests include nutrient cycles in the sea, water resources, and processes that regulate marine production. Margaret Leinen, Graduate School of Oceanography, Univer sity of Rhode Island, USA Vice-Provost for Marine Programmes; Brad Bass, Climate Adaptation Branch, Atmospheric Environ Jerry M. Melillo (Vice-Chair), Marine Biological laboratory, specialist in palaeoceonagraphy. with research in ocean sedi ment Service, Toronto, Canada. Experienced in agroclimatolog Woods Hole, MA, USA Co-director of The Ecosystems Cent· mentary records, especially the North Pacific. ical modelling and human geography. Currently supervising the er; investigator of research projects in borea!, temperate and development of risk assessment framework for incorporating tropical ecosystems, Research fields include biogeochemistry Gordon A. McBean. (Chair, joint Scientific Committee for the climate change scenarios into water resources planning. and ecological modelling. WCRP). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Cana da. Professor of AtmospheriC Science and Head, Department of Moustafa T. Chahlne, jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, RobertW. Stewart (Vice-Chair). Victoria, BC, Canada. Pro Oceanography. Research on atmosphere-ocean interaction. USA. Ex·offrcio member, representing the Global Energy and fessor of Physics and Oceanography. Research interests include role of storms in climate, and oceanic heat and water balances. Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), of the World Climate physical oceanography, underwater acoustics, turbulence (ocean Research Programme (GEWEX). Chairman of the GEWEX and atmospheric), boundary layer meteorology. air-sea interac Berrien Moore III (Chair, Task Force, Global Analysis, Inter· Scientific Steering Group; expertise in all fields related to wate,' tion, and sea-level variation. pretation and Modelling). University of New Hampshire. USA and energy cycles around the Earth. Professor of Systems Research at the Institute for the Study of Shi:wo Tsuoogai (Vice-Chair), Hokbido University. Hako Earth Oceans and Space, Mathema(ician: with interest in mod Reinder A. Feddes, Agricultural University Wageningen, The date, japan. Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Department of elling the global carbon cycle and the role of the ocean as a sink Netherlands. Professor and Chair of Soil Physics. Agrohydrolo Chemistry, Faculty of Fisheries. Research interests include for CO,. gy and Groundwater Management. Experimental and modelling cycles of chemical substances in the atmosphere, the sea and the studies on heat and moisture Auxes at the land-surface. and sea fioor, and biogeochemical studies on the atmosphere. Eric O. Odada, University of Nairobi, Kenya, Senior Lecture,' hydrology of the unsaturated and saturated zone from patch to marine system. at the College of Biologic~1 and PhYSical Sciences, Department regional scale: remote sensing approaches to modelling of soil of Geology: leader of the Internation~1 Decade of East African water vegetation-atmosphere processes. Patrick Buat-Menard (Treasurer), University of Bordeaux, Lakes (IDEAL) project. Geologistllimnologist. with special inter France. Head of the Department of Geology and Oceanography. est in African rift lake sediments as palaeorecords. Christopher Field, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stan Research expertise covers the atmospheric cycling of trace ford, CA, USA. Ecologist. with experience in small-scale ecolog· metals and particulate carbon; and the marine biogeochemistry Hans Oeschger (Chair. Scientific Steering Committee, Past ical studies and experiments, large-scale ecological and ecohy of trace metals, natural radionuclides and sulphur compounds, Global Changes). University of Bern, Switzerland. Professor dl'ological issues, and development of global ecology. Emeritius, and formerlly Head of the Department of PhysicS of Paul G. Jarvis, Edinburgh University. UK. Professor at the the Climate and Environmental Physics. Earth system science, Members Institute of Ecology and Resource Management. Ecologist; with earth system processes based on studies of istopes and tracers; loder Pal Abrol.lndian Council of Agricultural Research, New experience in soil-vegetatlon-atmosphere-transfer experimen studies include radioisotope analyses. and natural system mod Delhi, India. Deputy Director General (Resource Management). tal and modelling studies; whole-plant or ecosystem physiolo elling. Research interests in soil science, specialist in basic and applied gist. Expertise in the role offorests in regional water bal3nce, and aspects of management of salt affected soils; cropping systems W. Richard Peltier, University of Toronto, On('lrio, Canada, canopy flux studies. research. soil and water management, agrometeorology. and Professor at the Department ofPilysics; research in geophysical Isamu Kayane. University of Tsukuba, Japan. Professor. Insti agroforestry. fiuid dynamics on problems involving nonlinear hydrodynamic tute of Geoscience. Expertise in hydrological processes, soil and waV0S and wave/mean-flow interaction in the atmosphere and John Field (Chair, Scientific Steering Committee, Joint Global ground water hydrology, and global water balance; research and oceans, and the dynamics and evolution of the planetary interior Ocean Flux Study) University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, modelling of land-surface-atmosphere interface processes. South Africa. Professor at the Zoology Department, Research and surface. especially mantle convection and palaeociimatic interests in the functioning of marine ecosystems, roles of change. Alexeoder N. Krenke, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mos cow. Russia. Professor at the Institute of Geography. Experi physical factors, modelling. Ronald G. Prinn (Chair, Scientific Steering Committee. Inter enced in land-surface climatology and hydrology research; in national Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project). Massachu Fu Congbin, Academia Sinica. Beijing, China. Professor of volvement in the preparation and implementation of large-scale setts Institute of Technology. USA. Professor of Meteorology Meteorology, Director of the Climate Research Laboratory at experiments in central Russia, and Director, MIT Center for Global Change Science, Research the Institute of Atmosphe,-ic Physics, Research in the fields of interests include the chemistry, dynamics. and physics of the Carlos A. Nobre. Brazilian Space Research Institute. Sao jo,e physical and dynamic climatology. climate change, air-sea inter atmospheres of the Earth and othe,' planets. and the chemical dos Campos, Brazil. Professor, Center for Weathel' Forecasting action and climate-vegetation interaction, evolution of atmospheres. and Climate Research. Expertise in field and modelling studies of Genady Golubev (Chair. Standing Committee, Global Change land·surface climate interactions at larger scales (meso- to Osvaldo E. Sala, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. System for Analysis, Research and Training), International START macroscalc), especially in tropical regions; climate impact stud Professor at the Department of Ecology, Expertise on the links Secretariat, Washington DC, USA Prof('ssor of Environmental ies with GCMs in particularon the role of tropical deforestation, between ecosystem structure/composition and system func Sciences. Geography and Hydrology, Research on global envi· tion, especially vegetation dynamics in arid and semi-arid re Lelmn Oyebande. University of Lagos. Nigeria. Professor at ronmental problems and water resources assessment and man gions; and carbon budgets of temperate grasslands and their the Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Environ agement. responses to global change, mental Science, Expertise in hydrology and water resources, with special emphasis on its intel'action with climate and the Ann Henderson-Sellers, Macquarie University, Sydney, Aus P. Bernard Tin/ Chemistry Project (IGAC) Wang Ming-xing. Institute of Atmosphel"ic Physics, Chinese Scientific Steering Committee Ronald G. Prinn (Chair) (see SC-IGBP) Academy of Sciences, Beiiing, China. Research results in atmos pheriC aerosols, acid rain, and climate changes due to the Global Change and Terrestrial Paul j. Crut2:en (Vice-Chair), Max Planck Institute for Chem increase of atmospheric trace gases. Ecosystems (GCTE) 'Istry, Mainz, Germany. Main research iJ1terest is atmospheriC chemistry and its role in biogeochemical cycles and climate, Brian H. Wall(er (Chair) (see SC-IGBP) especially work on the role of NO, in chemistry of the strato Scientific Steering Committee Harold A. Mooney (Vice-Chair), Department of Biological sphere, and on modelling of atmospheriC photochemical proc Joint Global Ocean Flux Study esses. Sciences, StanfOl·d University, California, USA. Expertise in OGOFS) ecopnysio\ogy, with broad knowledge in many other aspects of Hajime Akimoto, Research Centerfor Advanced Science and ecology, particul~rly biodiversity and its functional signific~nce. Technology, University of Tokyo, Japan. Research interests John G. Field (Chair) (see SC-IGBP) F. Stewart Chapin 11, University of California at Berkeley, include atmospheric chemistry of reactive species. particularly Otis Brown, University of Miami, Florida, USA. Professor and USA. Professor at the Department of Integrative Biology. photochemical reaction mechanism in the troposphere and Associate Dean (or Research. Rosentiel School of Marine related ~tmospheric measurements. Expertise in ecosystem function, experimental work on biolog Scien~e. Research interests in radiative tr~nsfer in the ocean" \tal diversity and ecosystem function. Guy P .l3rasseur, National Center for Atmospheric Research, atmosphere system for visible light; particle scattering of light in Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA. seawater; satellite infrared observations of sea surface temper Jan Goudriaan, Wageningen, Netherlands. Professor at the ature in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Agricultural University, expertise in crop system modelling. and Expertise in modelling of atmospheric photochemical process in the terrestrial carbon cycle. <:'s, with emphasis on application of General Circulation Models Peter Burki/l, Research Scientist, Plymouth Marine laborato to prediction of future atmospheric composition. ry, Plymouth, UK. Expertise in upper ocean microbial biogeo Yoh Iwasa, Kyushu University, Fukuoka.. Japan. Professor ilt the chemistry of polar, temperate ~nd tropical systems; flow cytom Ralf Conrad, Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiol DepartmentofBiology, Faculty of Science. Theoretical ecologist etry and molecular ecology. in modelling the impact of environmental factors on biodiversity. ogy, Marburg, Germany. Director, DepartmentofBiogeochem istryResearch interests focus on the microbiology and biogeo Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Sune Linder, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. chemistry of atmospheric trace gases, and on the microbi~1 Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China. Professor, Institute of Marine Geol" Uppsala, Sweden. Professor of Forest Ecology. Experience in ecology of paddy soil. ogy. Research fields indude chemical oc('anography, chemical experimenta( and modelling studies. of tree physiology and fon,,~t limnology and sediment geochemistry. productivity. Robert J. Delmas, Laboratory of Glaciology and Geophysics of the Environment, St Martin d'Heres, France. Expertise in the Steven Emerson, University of Washington. Seattle, USA. Jean-Claude Menaut, Ecole Normale Superieure, labora chemistry of glacial ice and polar sheets; with emphasis on the Professor of Oceanography. Specialization in marine chemistry toire d'Ecologie, Paris, Fran~e. Ecologist, with expertise in atmospheric chemistry of polar regions. with emph~ses on: oxygen mass balance in the surface ocean, biogeochemistry and dynamics of savannas, and interest in carbon respiration and calcium carborlate dissolution in deep monitoring ch;mge. Dieter H. Ehhalt, Institute.for Atmospheric Chemistry, )i.ilich, sea sediments. and palaeoce~nographic tracers of the extent of Germany. Theoretical and experimental research in atmospher ocean oxia. lan Noble. Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian ic chemistry: stratospheric distributions of long-lived trace gases National Uniyersity, Canberra, Australia. Expertise in <:'cosys and their consequence on stratospheric ozone; isotope geo Julie Hall, National Institute for Water Research, Hamilton, tem dyn3mics modelling, with an interest in landscape processes chemistry. New Zealand. Co-programme coordinator, West CoaSt Eco and in human-driven change to ecosystem structure. systems Programme. Specialization in microbial foodweb dy tan E. Ga\bally, Di'lision of Atmospheric R"search, Common namics and grazing relationships. William J. Parton, Natural Resollrce Ecology Laboratory, wealth Scientific ~nd Ifldu5trial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Nobuhilw Handa, Water Research Institute, Nagoya Uni Colorado State UniverSity, Fort Coflins. USA. Ecophysiological Mordialloc, Victoria, Australia. Expertise in the measurement of versity, Jap~n. Professor, Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmos modelling. particularly in the developmen~ of a model for trace gas Ouxes between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosys pheric Sciences. specialization in organicgeochemistry. research nutrient dynamics; global ecosystem models. tems, especially N gases. in ocean chemistry, particulate fluxes of organic matter. p, S. Ramakrishnan, School of Envir'::>nmental Sciences, J\\wa Rarry ), Hllebert, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA. S. Krishnaswami, PhySical Research Laboratory, Ahmedebad, harlal Nehru University, India. Mllltidisciplinary interests linking Professor at the D('partment of Oceanography. Research inter India. Professor, EalTh Sciences Division. Specialization in geo ecology with social sciences. Research on the relationship ests focus on the development of methods for measuring Ouxes chemi~try with I'esearch in the Odds of weathering and trans between human-driven change to ecosystem composition and of materials between regions of the atmosphere, including ~ir port; scavenging processes in the ocean, and sedimentary the resulting impacts on ecosystem functiofl. sea exchange processes and marine atmo$phel'ic ch('mistry. records_ II Alexander P. Lisitzin, Academician at the AcademYofScienc_ Colin Woodroffe, University of Wolion gong. Australia. Sen_ es, Moscow, Russia. Professor of Geology, P.P. Shirsov Institute ior Lecturer in the Department of Geography, with research Carlos Schubert, Centre for Ecology. Venezuelah JrlStitute.for of Oceanology. Background in geology, with specialIZation in Scientific Research (JVIC). Caracas, Venezuela. Interests focus interests in the geomorphology and ecology of tropical coasts, marine suspended matter, marine geology, sedimentary flux, on the Quaternary geology and p3laeo-ecology of northern sea-level charlge and island ecosystems. hydrothermal processes, biogeoch"mistry. South America afld the Ca\"ib~a\'\; e';<.penise in glacial and ~lfuviar sequences, geochronology and neotectonics. Liliane MerUvat. Universite Pierre et Marie CUrie. Paris, Tetsllo Yanagi, Ehime University, Matsuyalna, Japan. Profes sor of Coastal Oceanography, at th" Department of CiVil and France. Director, Labor:ltory of Dyn~mic Oceanography and A: A. Velitchko.lnstitute of Geography. RUSSian Ac~demy of Ocean Engineel"ing. FaCUlty of Eflgioeering. Rese~rch fields are Climatology. R"search fields include air-sea gas exchange with SCiences. Moscow. RUSSia. Professor and Head of the LlborJto_ emphasis on the distribution of carbon dioxide exchanges at the material transport in the coastill sea and numerical modelling of ry of Evufution"llfY Geography. Palaeodimate of the Pleistocene ocean surface. ecological systems. and Holocene, environmental evolution in Cenozoic time, Robert M. Moore, Dalhousie University. Halifax. Nova Scotia. interaction between prehistoric man and environments. Canada. Professor of Chemical Oceanography. Aning Chair Scientific Steering Committee Robert Wasson, DiVision of Warer Resources, Com _ man, Department of Oceanography. Research intere;ts indud" mon marine production of volantlle organohalog"ns and dlelr oceall Past Global Changes (PAGES) wealtll Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), atmosphere t1uxes; Arnic oceanography, air-sea interaction. C~nberra, Australia. Geomorphologist; Quaterllll"Y envi'"on_ Hans Oeschger (Chair) (see S(-IGBP) mental history with particular emphasis on deserts; impact of John Parslow, Division of Fisheries. Commonwealth Scientific land use on fluvial systems since the beginning of agricultul'e. and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, Ta~ma Bjarn Berglund, Lund University, Swedefl. Professor at the rlia. Australia. Research interests include remote sensing of Department of Quaternary Geology. Expertise in palaeoecolo_ ocean colour, marine ecosystem models, and phytOplankton gy. especially vegetation history since the last glaciation ill ecophySiology. Scandinavia. Task Force on Global Analysis, Interpretation and Trevor Platt (Past Chair), Biological Oceanography, Biological Raymond S. Bradley, University of Massac\v..Js<:tts. Amnerst, Sciences Branch. Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Dart USA. Professor at the Department of Geology and Geography. Modelling (GAIM) mouth, Nova Scotia. Can:lda. Research on marine production Expertise ill climate variability and palaeoclimatology. especially processes. especialJy the factors controlling photosynthesis afld of the last ~wo thousand years. Benieo Moure III (Chair) (see SC-IGBP) Its synoptic meaSUremerlt by remote sensiflg. jean-Claude Duplessy, National Centre 101' Scientific Re Bert BOUIl, Institute of Meteorology, Stockholm. Sweden. Egil Sakshallg. University of T rOrldheim and Tmndheim Bio_ search, Gif-sur-Yvette. Frarlce. Direcror of the Centre des Chair, Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change. Research in logical Station, Norway. Professor of Marine Botany. Specializa_ Faibles Radioactivites and Director of Research. Scientific ex dYrlamical meteorology arld nUllleri(al weather forecasting. tion in marine phytoplankton ecology and ocearl carbon flux, atmospheriC chemistry, biogeochemistry. experiment;ltion and modelling of photobiological aspects. pertise in pal~eo research, and ocean processes. Guy P. Brassellr, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Victor Smetacelc, Univer5ity of Br em en. Germany. Professor Burkhard Frenzel, Hohenheim University. Stuttgart, Germa_ Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Color~do. USA. of Biological Oceanography, and Head, Biology II Section, Alfn,d ny. Professor at the In;titute of Botany. Specialised in palaeo Wegener Institute. Specialization in plankton ecology and ecology, palaeoclimatology and quaternary stratigraphy. Expertise in modelling of atmospheric photochemical pl"Ocess. biogeochemical cycles in relation to the physical environment. es, with emphasis on application of General Circlli3tlOn Models Jean JOllzel. Centre for Nude~r Studies, Gif-sur-Yve.tte, to prediction of {ut,\,e atmospheric composition Jilrgen Willebrand, University ofKiel, Germany. Professor of France. Associate Director of the Laboratory for Climate Physical Oceanography. in5titute for Oceanography. Research Modelling, and Associate Director of the Laoora tory for GhcI_ Paul Crut:zeo. Max Planck Institute for Chemistl"y. DiviSion of interests in ocean circlllation dynamics and ocean climate Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz. Germany. Mam research inter_ ology and Geophysics of the Environmment, St Martin d'Heres. interactions. France. Research emphasis on various aspects of the Water est in atmospheric chemistry afld its role in biogeochemkal isotope atmospheric cyeie;, and palaeoclimate reconstruction cycles and climate. Scientific Steering Committee from the an:llysis of Water isotopes in ice cores. Robert E. Oicklo$on. University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, USA Regents Professor of Atmospll"ric Physics, Research land~Ocean Interactions in the Liu Tungsheog. Ac~demia Sinica, Beijing, Chil13. Professor at the Institute of Geology, With expertise in quaternary geoklgy. interest in various aspects of climate system modelling and Use Coastal Zone (lOICZ) environmemal geology. Research on the pasr pabeoenviron_ of global data for model improvement; emphasizes especially the interaction of land-surface processes With climate. Patrkk Holligan (Chair) (see SC-/GBP) mental changes in Northern China. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. and Antarctica. William R. Emanllel, Oai< Ridge N~tional bborato,-y. Ten_ Edgardo D. Gomez, Marine Science Institute, University of the Phib·ppines. Quezon City. Professor of Ma.rfne Biology and Claude Luyius. S;;il"lt Martin d·Here!., France. Associate Direc nessee, USA S(!(1.ior Research Staff Member, £n'lironmenta\ Director of the Marine Science Institute. Research interests tor, Laboratory for Glaciology and Geophysics of the Environ_ Sciences Division. Research interest in global biogcochemical include coral red ecology. coastal zone management, and ment, and President of the French Institute for Polar Research cycling and €rlvironmental change; applications of systems anal_ invertebrate mariculture. ~nd Technology. Past global changes from polar ice cores: ysis and control theory in ecology. climate and atmospheric environment on tong term amI cenUlr), Viatcheslav V. Gordeev. Institute of Oceanology, Russian Lawrence Gates. Lawrence Uvermore National bbol-ato" Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Senior n.'search scientist, spe time scales. and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. ries, UVermore, California, USA. Director of the Program fOr cialisation in estuarine and marinegeoch"mistry, includingchem_ Willem G. Mool<, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Climate Model Diagflosis Andrew Solow. Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceano Nat W. Rutter, University of Alberta, Edmofltoll, Albert~, Jorge L. Sarmiento, Prrnceton University, Princeton, New graphic Institute, WOods Hole, Massa(husetts, USA. Speci~!isa_ Canada. Professor at the Department of Geology. EXpertise il"l Jers<:y, USA. Profe~5ol" of Geological ;lflO Geophysical Sci..,ntes. tion in environmental statistic;, includirlg time series aflalysis, Quaternary geology (glaCial geology. palaeodimates), palaeosol Progl'am in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Speciolitation in spatial statistics. Bayesian methods, stiltistical biology and ecol interpretation, and Quaternary dating methods (especially anli_ modelling of ocean biogeochemistry with a particular inleresr in ogy. no acid). tracers of oce3n circulation and the carbon cycle. iii ~~~------~~~--~~------~. David S. Schimel, National Center for Atmospheric Re M. Filomena F. Campos, National Research Council of the Zhao Shidong, Commission for Integrated Survey of Natural search, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Head, Section on Ecosystem Philippines, Manila, The Philippines. Chairperson, SARCS. Areas Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China. Dynamics and the Atmosphere. Research interests in global of research expertise: biodiversity, women in science and Research Professor of Applied Ecology. Research fields include biogeochemical cycles, emphasizing the coupling of carbon and technology, indigenous science in agriculture. structure, function and dynamicS offorestecosystems, respons nitrogen cycle; trace gas exchange and ecology of arid grasslands es of forest ecosystems to climate change and biodiverSity. and woodlands. Expertise in regional and global modelling, Jean-Pierre Contzen, Commission of European Communi remote sensing studies and field measurements afeo, and trace ties, Brussels, Belgium. Director General of the joint Research gas fluxes. Centre. Responsible for the EC programmes in the field of Core Project Planning Committee environment; and for the coordination of EC spa(e activities. lan Woodward, University of Sheffield, UK. Professor at the Scientific interests in global change research and Earth observa land-Use/land Cover Change Department of Animal & Plant Sciences. Expertise in both tion. (Wee) ecophysiology and global ecosystems modelling; has developed mechanistically based global vegetation redistribution models; Rob~rt W. Corell, Assistant Director of the National Science Billie L. Turner 11 (Chair), Clark University, Worcester, work on linl{ages of vegetation models to GCMs. Foundation, Washington, DC, USA. Directorate Geosciences, Massachusetts, USA. Director of the George Perkins Marsh with responsibility for U.S. research programmes in the atmos Institute and Professor of Geography. Research interests in Tom M. L Wigley, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colora pheric and ocean sciences. Background in ocean engineering. nature-society relationships, particularly aimed at the causes do, USA Director, Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies, and consequences of long-t iv IGBP N E WSLETTER 16 installation on compmers: pes, Macs and 497 6513. E-mail: [email protected] The data centres should inform dara machines on magneti c media. The data .fOllOlholl Pilcher, Paleoecology Centre, School submitmrs of the existencc of appropriate• holdings have been doubled with the ad of Geosciences, Queen's University Belfast. Bel alte rnative data centres for parallel sub dirion of several major new data sets. A fast BT7 INN, Northern Ireland, UK. Tel; mission of data (e.g., WDC-A Glaeiology). new development is PaleoVu , a data browse (+44-232) 245 133, ext. 3186, Fax: (+44-232) Comme nt') submitted with the data and visualization software rool, wh ich is 247895 are essential and should be incorporated now running in test form on pes. into the presentation seen by those con T he WDC-Aasscmbled boundaryeon Ice Core Data Bank sulting the data. How [Q cite the data, dition data for use by the Palaeoclimate lcecore research has made imporramcon comme nts on quality and potential pit Modellinglntercomaparison Project. Tthas tributions to our understanding of global falls, and contact person in the event of begun pal aea-vegetation model-data com climatic changes. A recent result from the questions should be included. parison effort with the IGBP Projects on PAG ES G reenland Tce Core Projectshows Dma already published in tables should Global C hange and Terrestrial Ecosys dramatic and very rapid tcmpcraturechang be incorporated in the data basc. te ms, the IGBP-Data and Information es occurring during the previolls (Ecmi an) iv) PAGES should help spread the word to Syste m, and the Global Analysis, 1ntcrpre inte rglacial period, findings which have all institutions collecting data about the ex tation and Mode lling Task Forcc. To fur far-reaching implicati ons for global change is tence of an ke Core Data Bank. Whe re ther advance data strategies and manage research. necessary, PAGES should help to persuade me nt, PAGES b ;IS sponsored or arranged The PAGES ice core scientific com administratOrs that data should be re leased. data workshops aimed at organizing spe munity me t in Bern, immediately foll ow PAG ES should actively support and cific types of palaeo-e nviro nme ntal data. ing the palaeo-environmental data wo rk encourage inter-laboratory calibrations to shop on the 26dl and 27th August. wdiscuss enSure hi gh data quality and ime rcompar Global Palaeo .. environmental Data the formation of a data bank for ice core ibility. research. The group recomme nded the PAGE.S is requested to act as an impar An international PAG ES workshop on establish ment of the Ice Core Data Bank ti al clearing house for questions concern G lobal Palaeo-cnvironmenral Data was (ICDB), at the W c, rld Data Center-A for ing the ICOB. These can be passed along co nvened by Jonathan Ovcrpeck and Paleoclimatology, and e ncou rages all sci to the world data centres or to appropriate Jonachan Pilcherin Be rn , Switzerland, from entists working in the fi eld to contribute funding and scientific organizations. 23 re 25 August. the ir data to it. The group drafted a set of More than 35 palaeo-environmental guidelines for dam submi ssion, and made Jomes While, Institute for Arctic & Alpine Re data expe rts, from 10 different countries, recommcndations as guiding principles for search, University of Colorado, Campus Box 450, rc prc~e nted many of the major data pro the (CDB. Recomm e ndations are: Boulder, CO 80309-0450, USA. Tel: (+ 1-303) 492 ducing and managi ng efforts around the i) A si ngle data centre, the World Data 5494, Fax: (+ 1-303) 492 6388 world. Results of the workshop were: Centre-A for Palaeoclimarology, is id enti • 9 IGBP NEWSLETTER 16 l The Weather Generator Project Data Requirements for Ecological scales required for hydrology, ecology and matc change the scenario, the monthly and Hydrological Studies related management decisions in water temperatures in the southwestern region The wo rking group on the Weather Gen~ resources and agricul tu re. For stud ies con of rhe Canadian province of Ontario ma y erator Project {FoclIs 4 of the Biospheric cerned with c1imate change, (he most pop be si milar to those for the state of Kansas in A,pects ofthc I-I ydrological Cycle (BAH C) utar sources are the general circulation the United States under current climatic project] met in September in Bratislava, models (GCMs). These provide informa conditions. T he daily temperature record Slovakia. The wo rking group is concerned ti on for a range of variables for an equilib for Kansas wou ld he lIsed to construct a with idcmify in g and evaluating the tech rium climate on a grid, typically on the cl im ate scenario for southwestern Ontario. niques that could be used to downscalc ord er of 300 km linear resolution. ]n addi This approach is most suitable for temper current global and sy noptic scale climate tion there are a limi ted number of tran ature, but may be of limited va lue for and weather data to temporal and spatial sient (an atmosphe ric Ger"I coupled to an discontinuous fields such as precipitation. resolutions that are suitable for the user ocean GeM) and time-dcpendenr (grad u lr is also possible to asscmble climate communities in hydrology, ecology and al increase in the levels of greenhouse data sets from different sources such as rhe related management disciplines ofag gases) simulations ava il able. radar, conventional observations, satell ite riculrure, forestry and water resources. The Although GeMs arc run with short data and numerical weather models. For workshop addressed the following five time steps, commonly thirty minutes, rhe example, the Global Precipitation Cl ima questions: most re liahl t: spatial scales are contine ntal tology Project (G PCP) of the World C li 1. What are th e current sources of large to global and the most re li ahl e temporal mate Research Programme provides grid scale climate and weather data that sca le is seaso nal. These spatial and tempo ded monthly precipi tation coverin g the n cou ld be downscaled? ral resolutions are far too crude for most entire globe at a spati al resolution of 2.5 2. What downscaling techn iq ues are cur applications, which typieaUy use infonna ladtude and longitude or approxi mately rentl yavailable? tion within (h e range of mesoscaJe events 265 km linear resolution. This data set is 3. vVhat arc the data requirements ofhy (kilometres [Q tens of kilometres). There derived from rain ga uge measurements, dro logica l and ecological models? fore , for applications in ecology, hydrology satellite data and numerical weather fore 4. In what form can the uncertainties as and related disciplines, the GeM Output casts. The GPCP is developing a future sociated with downscaled climate in must be spatiall y di saggregated (downs data base at a spatial reso luci on of LOll formation be presented for modellers ca led) and interpolated to an appropriate latitud e and longitude. Operational sy n and other user groups? resolution. In additio n it is necessary to optic forecast models provide information 5. Can a scandard set of weather data be include a tempora l component along with at a tempora l resolucion of less than one developed for selected spatial and tem the spati al disaggregation in order to bet day and a spatial resoluci on between tOO- poral resolutions co serve.as inputs for ter match (h e space-tim e behaviour of 200 km. Mesoscale forecast models, using evaluating ecological and hydrological weather. the same atmospheric physi cs but in clud models? Other large scal e information for cli ing land-surface info rmation, ca n further The working group sta ndardized the data mate change ca n be derived from palaeo reduce this resolution to 50 km. requirements of the ecological, hydrologi climatic sources and analogues. Pala eocli There arc three main approac hes avai l ca l and related user communities, includ matic information is derived from proxy able for downscaling globa l, synoptic and ing the specifi ca tion of desired spatial res va ri ables such as tree rings, ice cores and other coarse-scale data to specific areas or olutio n, te mporal resolution, and pol1en sedimenrs. These data are useful in sites. These approaches, referred to in {he uncertainty. In addition, the sensitivi ty of providing qualitative guideli nes for histor lli\! IC Operational Plan (IGBP Report27, ecological, agri cultural and hydrologica l ical scenari os. However, palaeoclimatic 1993), can be classified as ci[hcr (i) empir models w each input have been id enti methods alone canllot provide global, let ical, (i i) semi - empirical, or (iii) dynamic. fied. The asse mbled tables provide a ref alone regional, information suitable for Empirical approaches are based on li near erence set of variables for research grou ps ecological and hydrological modelling at a relationships between surface observations working on downscaling methods. Final specified space-time resolution. at different scales. Semi-empirical ap ly, the participants i n the workshop agreed Histori cal climate data can be used to proaches link surface observations to va ri on definition of uncertainty as well as a derive analogues by creating ensembl es of ables in the free atmosphere. Dynamic form at for presenting data to users. va riables for anomalously warm years. ap proaches integrate larger-sca le models The fu ll report is availahl e from the These anal ogues arc used to derive site (such as GCl'vls) or observations with mcs BAHC Core Project Office. On addition to specific or regional va lu es. They are pri osca le processes and surface parameteriza the results of (he discussions, it in cl udes marily lI sed for tempcratureand precipita tion schemes. tables, appendices and ddinitions.) tion at the surface, as well as circulation patte rn s at a height of 500 or 700 mb. Future Workshops and Report Summary Spatial analogues use momhly means to Research Activities There are several data so urces avai lable at id entify One region's current climate with T he maj or objective of the Weather Gen a va ri ety of sca les that cou ld be further the perturbed GeM climate for another e rator Project is to meet the data require- downsealed [Q the spatial and temporal se lected region. For example, under a cli- moo" "' ,',' ='""'"', ",'m'",'"' '""J 10 IGBP NEWSLETTER 16 related user communitics. The Weather Gcnerator working group has standard The complete ized these data requirements, induding Weather Generator the specifi ca ti on of the desired spatial res Project Report is olmion, temporal resolucion, and uncer available from: Ephrat tainty. In addition, the sensitivity of eco Lahmer~Naim. BAHC Core PI'oject Office, logical, agri cultural anti hydrological Instltut fOr Meteoro l ~ models [Q each input ha s been identified ogle, Frele Univer~ providing an indication as to the impor sitNt Berlin. Cal'l~ tance of uncertainty for CH ch input in dif Heinrlch-Becker ferent applications. Assembled tables pro Weg 6·10, D- 12 165 videa reference setofvariablcs for research Berlin, Germany. Tel: groups working on downscaling methods (+49-l0) BlB 71 1 B4, ro produce inputs for ecological or hydro Fax: (+49-l0) BlB logica l studies. Finally, the participants in 711 85. Internet: [email protected] the .... vorkshop agreed upon definition of The Weather Generator Working Group in Bratislava. Slovakia. berlin.de uncertai nty as well as a format for prescm In September 1993 in g data to the users. A workshop on the eva lu ation of down scali ng meehods wil l be held in 1994. The porating climate change scenarios into scaling allll thc dynamic approach. The eva lu ation of different methods will be watcr resources planning. The first work semi-empiri ca l appro 11 IGBP NEWSL E TTER 16 START in Temperate East Asia ~~~------~~~~~~~------~------~ The developmem of a network of Regional Research Centres/or global change research is Delegates in Beijing advancillgrapidly, and the arem participating in August to plan i1l the Global Change System for Analysis. the START Com Research and TraillilJg (START) initiative mittee for T emper ate East Asia. 1J0wJpread around theglobe. Thefirs! regioll to Ye Dusheng. found its Secretariat aJld Scientific AdvisolY Shikon Takei and Pallel was Southea.rt Asia; Regional Secretar Fu Congbin iats have also been e.l"foblished for NOlthem A/rim (Accro, ChoNo), SOllthel1l, Celltral alld Eastel1l Afrim (l ,ilollgwe, Malawi), Mediter ralleall (Toll/ollse, France) (llId Temperate Rast Ilsia (Beijillg, China). Other activities wllabort/ting closely with STA RTforgeahead- the lnter-Americrm flls/i tllfe for Global Change Research (IA1), initiat ed by the US, NOW has its Secretariat ill Wash ington. The Commission oJ ElIropean Scientific Themes wi ll be established by the C hinese Acade COIJIJlllfllities has Itlll1llhed the F,lllvpeOJl Ne/ The initial scientific themes for a regional my of Sciences in Beiji.ng. wod- for Reseorch OJ! Global ChmlKe (EN research network fo r the region should (3) The fir st meetingofTEACOM wo uld RlCH); and ill Japan ill JallllOlY 19940 address: be in January 1994 in 'l'ol\:yo, with a second secolld regiollolllleetillg will be held 10 discuss (1) Impact of global change on the sustai11 - meeting in Augusr 1994 in Ulaanbaaror, 011 Asia-Pacific Ner"&!ork (JI PN). able development of rhe region, foc ll sing Mongolia. on [he water resources, agricu lture and (4) The im med iate tasks of'l'EACOM '1 '0 further spread rheSTAR'f initiative to coastal zone would in cl ude development ofa work plan, the vast areas of As ia, the fi rst pl anning (2) Regional issues of global sign ifica nce an invenrory of key institutions and scien meeting for a STA RT Regional Research • Roleofmonsoon-drive n ecosystems and tists in the region involved in global change Network in Temperate East Asia (TEA) othcr major ecosystems of the region in research, and organization of initial tra in was conve ned in Beijing, Chin~, in August the global biogcochemcial and hydro ing act ivities. The work plan wi ll be ready 25-27, 1993, under the sponsorship of the logical cycles and their effects on cli by rhe su mmer of 1994. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Delegates mate (5) The meeting resolved to request from eaeh country of the region. China, • Sources and sinks of bi ogeni c green UNESCO's cooperation in education and Japan, Korea (RO and DPR), Mongolia house gases, with emphas is on methane training in rhe va rious fields of global re and the Russian Federation attended the from rice paddy areas and cattle search study and that relate to UNESCO's meeting. Representati ves of the Unitcd • Changing land usc/land cover pancrns goals, such as the establ is hment and main Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul d ue to human activities, sllch as defor tenance of dam management information tural Organisation (UNESCO) and the estation and desertifica ti on systems, modelling, exchange programmes Commission of European Communities • Land- ocea n interactions in the coastal among researchers and professional staff auended as observe rs. area of relevant national institutions, data shar • Past glohal environmental change, with ing and exchange, etc. The importance of Temperate East particular reference to relations of c li Chin a expressed its willingness to host Asia in the study of global change mate and land-cover change. the Regional Research Centre for Tem T e mperate Eas t Asia , due to its unique perate East Asia in Beijing, and Mongolia to geograph ica l and ~ocio-econo mi c co ndi The meetin g recommended: wis hes establish a sub-centre for scrni [ions, constitutes one of the most sensitive (1) To establish a RRN far TEA as soon as arid and arid research. China also expressed regions in relation to the global climate possible; in re restco participate in thcSTARTSouth and environmental changes, with a high (2) T o set up a T emperate East Asian East Asia Network. rate of change and strong signal s. Enhanc Planning Commi ttee for START (TEA The START Comlll inee fur Temper ing the study of global change in this re Ca M) to gui de the implementation, con ate East Asia was formall y establi shed at gion is cru cial for globa l understanding. sisti ng of representatives from China (Be the September meeting in Gua, Tndia, of This region, one of the most densely ij in g), Japan, Korea (D PR and RO), rhe Stand ing Committee for START. populated areas of [he Earth, has to fced IVlon goli a and Russia (the Siberian and nearly onc third of the world's population . Far-Ea:Hern Branch of the Russil:ll1 Acade Pro/es.wrCollf{bilJ FIf, Member of the Scientific The impact of global change on rh e sus my of Sciences), with a represent 12 .. IG 8 P NEW SlET T~E :'-~":------~------ International Global Atrnospheric Chemistry Project International Tropospheric sound the in terest: and seek the advice ofa sCilrch plan that isclIrrently being reviewed Ozone Year broad spectrum of scient is cs regarding [he by the meeting participants. It describes Scienrists within the Jnccrn:ltionai Global ITOY cont:cpt, by ask in g [he fo ll owing the proposed focus of M I LOX as follows: Atmospheric Chemistry Projeer ([GAC) quesdons: u1'hc rvll LOX mission will encompass arc discussing an initjative for an I ntcrna • Do yo u agree thlltSuch a projl!Ct is worth [he assessment and study ofch c long.. term tional Tropospheric 01.Onc Year ([TOY). while? effects of increasing urbanisation, indus :1pproxim:ucl)' 5 years from now, during • \Vhich regions should and can be cov trialisation and hi~h input agriculture, and which intensive global measuremems of ered by ITOY? the concomitant degradation of rcgional tropospheric ozone would be carried out • For how long should ITOY be conduct and global-scale air quality that accompa ed? through cooperation amongscicmisrs from nies these tn:nds, un ecosystems of eco • What ,hould be the merhods (balloons. many nations. The aim of tile effort wou ld nomic and environmental import using lidars, satellites) and frequency of ozone be to greatly enhance the data base for this the northern mid-latiwdes as a field labo soundings? key compound. especially in remote re ratory. Of particular conccrn will be the • What financial resources and mecha gions from which there are no or very few problem of increaliing concentrations of nisms do you think might taped inco, data, such as major parts of tropical Asia, tropospheric ozone and rclatcd oxidants especially rega rding funding of the bal .. South Arnerica, Africa, and tbe oceans, and their impacton the environment.. rhe loon soundings in Lhl!devclopingworld? primarily the Pucificand the Indian Ocean. M ILOX scientific focus is strategicall y • Any other thoughts. The idea is to ex[Cnd the project over onc designed to bri dge rhe gap bctween rc The mcmbers of the ITOY Working yea r (maybt:: tWO yea rs) and to conduct gional/national r ese~H ch programmes Group are: regu lar vertical ozone so undings in thc aitnet! aL assessing short-term air quality Paul J. Crutzen, Max Pl ank Tn stitllte troposphere :md lower stratosphere at a effects on local agricu lture and forestry for C hemistry, Mainz (Germ any) relatively large number of selccted sites. and the longer-term. larger.. scale implica Dieter H. Ehhalt, J ulich Research Aircraftcampaigns which are being planncd tions of expanding unthmpogcnic activi Cenrer (Germany) within sever',,1 IGAC activities would also ties on tcrrestrial ecosystems, especially i\. P. Mitra. National Physical Labom be an important componcll[ of ITOY. regarding the ubiliry of these ecosystems LOry. New Delhi (India) obtain such global data is ofcricical to sustain a growing and increasingly ur ""0 Ronald G. Prinn, Massachusetts Insti importance for a proper understanding of ban human population. In order co main tUte ofTeehnolog)' (USA) the oz-one budget and the overall phow.. tain close relevance with comemporary r lenning Rodhe, Scockholm Universi chemistry of the troposphere. including itS policy issues, a significam fraction of the ty (Sweden) oxidizing efficiency. This need is well rec .. MILOX effort will he devOted to assess If ITOY is la proceed f()r 1998. rhe ognized in the IGi\CGlobalTropospheric ment. The ~JJLOX progmmmc will also details of the project need to he defined in Ozone Network and Global Atmospheric aim to be highly interactive wirh related 1994. Therefore, please scnd your com Chemistry Survey Activities, among oth efforts within the IGBP Global Change ments, by the cnd or February, to Or. Alcx ers. The collection of these data is also and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE) Core Pszenny, the IGAC Core Project Officer. im ponant in order to establi sh:l defi niti ve Project Hnd within the e mergin g Human at the IGi\C Core Project omcc. Massa baseline for judging [he fururc global at.. O imensionsofGlobal C hange (HOP) pro chusetcl'i In stitute of Technology, Build mospheric impact of the major economic gramme." ing 24-409. Cambridge. MA 02129-4307. cxpElnsion, which i.'i undoubtedly goi ng to A follow-up n1 ceting is tentatively USA. Fax. (+ 1-617) 253 9886. E-mail: take place in the developing nations oh he planned for ,he February/March. 1994. [email protected] (Intcrnet). world. The rcmmc sensing community time fnll11c, most likely at a European could make a very important conrribution venuc. The purposes of this second meet Mid-Latitude Ecosystems and [01 as well as profit from ITOY, since, by ing will be to finalize: and flesh ou[ the 1998, satellite instruments will have been Photochemical Oxidants (MILOX) broadly defined casks formulated at the developed toobcain information on tropO A first meeting v,lns held in Atlanta. Geor Atlanta mecting and to establish a time .. spheric .ozone, albeit with substantially gia(USA).on IS-17September. coidenrify line for implementing them. It Was also less vertical resolution than for lidar or bal the primary scientific themes, issues and agreed in Athlllta that a European Co loon ozone ,oundings. ITOY could play a casks fot the Ml LOX iniciativc of the In Convener for MILOX would be chosen in large role for SOlllc of the major field projects ternational Global Atmospheric Chemis the coming months: Ors. B. Versinn ([ta that arc being co nducted and planned as try Project. The meecing was organized Iy). J. Coli ' (UK). J. Merino(Spain). and D. pan ofl GAC and other international projects. and chaired by Professor William L. C ha Kley (Germany) will scrve on an ad hoc At some smtions [he O7.0ne measurements me ides of (he Georgia I nsciwLC of Tcch committee to nominnre a suitable individu wil l certainly be supplementell by those of no logy. Convener of U) c M ILOX Coor al for ratifi ca tion at the earl y 1994 meeting. other phocochemically imporcant com dinaring Comm;ccce. Twelve scientists pounds. such as CO. NO,. and NMHC. from six coulltri es participated. Based on Pro! Wit/iam L. Challltitlesl School of Earth In order to pursuc these ideas further the discw~sjons, Prof. Chameidcs has pro and Atmospheric Sciences. Georgia Institute of it has been decided a[ this early S[3gc t~ duced n draft outline for a M ILOX re- Technology. Atlanta, GA 30332-0340. USA. Tel: 13 IGBP NEWSLETTER 16 (+1-404) 894 3893; Fax: (+1-404) 853 0232, E fifty-nine scientists in attendance at this (FeLINE-Ill) cruise may occur in con mail: [email protected] (Internet) seminar included many who stayed over junction with ACE-l.'!'hiswould enhance from the Workshop-Training course. greatly the biological and chemical ocea Report from Asia on global A folIow-up meeting to the Workshop nographic aspect of ACE-l that is required monitoring of methane emissions '1 'raining Course is tentatively planned for for proper investigation of mechanisms from rice paddies February, 1995. At that time the partici that control thc exchange of trace gases At the Asian Planning Meeting on IGBP, pating countries arc scheduled to have and particulatc materials across the air-sea held in Singapore in December 1991, ac completed the first phase of their monitor interface. AnACE-l Implementation Plan tivities discussed for the Asian Region by ing measurements on paddy field meth based on the discussions is currently being IGAC included a recommendation for co ane from their respective countries. The drafted and should be available by De ordinated monitoring of methane emis purpose of the meeting will be to evaluate cember 1993. Another ACE-1 planning sion in rice paddy fields in Asian countries. and compare those data. It is planned that meeting will be held in Tasmania in early Several monitoring programmes were un the IGAC-RICE activity will participate February 1994. der way in selected countries at that time. in that process. A draft science plan for ACE-2, devel To promote companion measurement ac oped during an initial meeting held in July tivities in other Asian countries, India of ROllald L. Sass, IGAC-RICE Co-Convener, at: 1993 at the CEC Joint Research Centre in fered to organize a Workshop-Training; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Italy, was considered and endorsed by the Course and serve as the centre for coordi Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA. Fax: Seattle meeting participants. ACE-2 is ten nating paddy field methane measurements (+ 1-713) 285 5232, E-mail: [email protected] tatively planned for boreal summer 1997, from alf of Asia. in the Madelra-Azores-Canaries region of The workshop was held on 20-24 Sep Planning meeting held for IGAC's the North Atlantic Ocean. ACE-2 will fo tember this year at the National Physical Aerosol Characterization cus on the anthropogenically-influenced Laboratory in New Delhi. The meeting Experiments marine atmosphere of the North Atlantic was organized by the National Physical An open meeting was held in Seattle, W A in order to contrast aerosol characteristics, Laboratory, the Committee on Science & (USA), on 14-16 September, 1993, to con processes and effects with those observed Technology in Developing Countries tinue planning for the first two in the series duringACE-l. It was agreed that Dr. Frank (COSTED), and the IndianNational Com of aerosol characterization experiments: Raes should chair a planning committee mittee for IGBP under the direction of an ACE-l and ACE-2. The goal of these ex for ACE-2. Thatcommittee is being formed International Advisory Committee head perimcnts is to quantify the combined during autumn 1993 and will prepare a ed by Dr. A. P. Mirra, CSIR Bhatnagar chemical and physical processes control revised science plan that will be the basis Fellow and Chair of the Indian National ling the evolution and properties of those for an open planning meeting in 1994, IGBP Committee. It was sponsored by atmospheric aerosols which are relevant to somewhere in Europe. the Council of Scientific and Industrial radiative forcing and climate change. More The meeting closed with a brief dis Research (India), Commonwealth Science than 50 scientists attended the meeting, cussion of where an ACE-3 should be. Council (UK), Inter-Ministerial Group on which was organized by Or. Timothy S. Consensus was that a polluted, continen IGBP (India), and IGBP-START. Forty Bates of the NOAA Pacific Marine Envi tal region such as eastern Asia should be nine participants were in attendance for ronmental Laboratory (USA), Co-Conven considered. training. They represented several coun er of the IGAC Multiphase Atmospheric Further information on ACE-1 plan tries, including India, China (Beijing and (MAC) Activity. ning can be obtained from the Co-Con Taipei), Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, ACE-l will be conducted in January veners, of the IGAC Multiphase Atmos Malaysia, Mauritius, Trinidad & Togabo, February 1995, over the southwest Pacific pheric Chemistry Activity: Vietnam, and Nepal. Ocean, south of New Zealand and Austral The programme began with key-note ia, and will involve the joint efforts of Dr. Timothy S. Hfltes, NOAA/PMEUOCRD, addresses by Dr. A. P. Mitfa (an overview MAC and MAGE. The goal of ACE-l is to Building 3, 7600 Sand Point Way, NE, Seattle, WA of sources, sinks and interaction of meth determine and understand the processes 98115, USA, Fax: (+ 1-206) 526 6744, Internet: ane in the atmosphere) and Professor R. L. outlined above in an unpolluted, remote [email protected] Sass (Methane emissions from rice pad marine boundary layer. Building on the Dr. 10hn L. Gras, CSIRO Division of Atmos M dies, an IGAC focus), followed by rwo days initial programme drawn up in a previous pheric Research, Private Bag No. I, Mordialloc. oftheoretical and practical lectures given open meeting in February 1993, in Ho Victoria 3195, Australia. Fax: (+61-3) 586 7600, by members of the IGAC Rice Cultivation bart, ,1 'as mania, the participants developed Internet: [email protected] and Trace Gas Exchange (RICE) Activity a detailed measurement plan. 'fhis includ or from the Convener of the IGAC Marine and other scientists from India. ed a list of the necessary measurements, Aerosol and Gas Emissions, Atmospheric During the following week from Sep the investigators who plan to make these Chemistry and Climate Activity: tember 27 to October 1,1993, the National measurements, platform requirements Pro! Bany 1. Huebert, Department of Ocea Physical Laboratory hosted a Federation (ships, aircraft, and land sites), and the nography. University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, of Asian Scientific Academies and Socie optimal disposition of these assets. Two Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Fax: (+ 1-808)9569225, ties Seminar on Global Environmental CSIRO-sponsored field programmes, the Internet: huebert@okika. soest. hawaii-edu Chemistry. 'T'he IGAC-RICE resource Cape Grim Photochemical Intensive For further information on ACE-2 plan persons for the workshop also participated (GCPI) and rhe Southern Ocean Cloud ning, contact: in this Seminar and were joined by Profes Experiment (SOCEX) have been sched sor Paul Cnm-:en, Vice-Chair of the IGAC uled to run simultaneously with ACE-I, Dr. Frank Raps, Environment Institute, CEC Scientific Steering Committee, who gave thus broadening the range of capabilities. Joint Research Centre, 1-21020 Ispra (Varese), the key-note address "An Overview of The possibility also exists that the third Italy. Fax. (+39-332) 78 94 53, Internet: Global Environmental Chemistry". The Iron-as-a-Limiting-Nutrient Experiment [email protected] 14 J IGBP NEW S LETTER 16 Global Tropospheric Chemistry 25 January, Taipei, Taiwa n, C hina Schafer·Weg 6- 10. 0-1 2165 Bcrlin, Gcrmany. Td: Mcelingof rGBP Donor:; (+49-30) 838 7 11 17. Fax: (+49-30) 838 711 60 E A ca ll for papers has been issued for rhe mail: H.13 o I1 c. IGBP (Omncr) . 26·27 January, Taipei, Taiwan, C hina Scientific Symposium co be held a[ Fuji TnrernlHional Group of runding Agencics for Glo 2 1 ~22 March, Manila, Philippines Yos hida, Japan, on 5-9 September 1994. bal C hangc Research (TGFA). 11 0 Lin. Depr. of GGrE Rice Network Pl:lnning Workshofl. with the T'he meeting is rhe 8th Symposium ofrhe Atnlllsphcric Sciences, Nationa l T aiwan Universi Imermuional Ricc Rcscarch Institute.Juhn Ingram. Commi ssion of Atmospheric Chemistry ty. T ;lipci. T aiwan. Tel: «(+886·2) 363 6775, Fax: GCr E F'ucus 3 Project Officer, I)cparrmem of and G lobal poJlu tion. 9- 12 .Junull ry, Cambridge, MA. USA Meeting o( National Committees (or the IGBP, 13-16 March 1994 Firsr mccting of the:. BAIIC-IGAC·GCTE Seicnec Tusk Tcam The German National Committee for the IGBP has Invited all the NatlonallGBP CommIttees to meet In Bonn, Germany, on 13416 March. 1994. The meeting will provide a forum for new information on the Sta· 16-17 JllI1uary, Tokyo, .J a pan tus of the IGBP. with speCial emphasis on the state of the art in modelling (a presentation of GAIM. the 2nd TEACOM (START T e mpe ratc Eastern Asia Committce:) Mceting Global Analysis. Interpreculon and Modelling framework activIty). and for the exchange of views and experIence on the multinational coordination of global change research. 17.2 1.Janunry, Lilongwe, Malawi On the agenda are presentations of the progress In Core Project scientific research. and of Core First Regional South African Workshop for START, Projects under development. National Commlnees will discuss their role In advancing Core Project re· with 2nd mcetingofthe START Rcgional Commit search. In developing the tGBP. and In establishing regional research networks. [CC for Northern Africa. and 3rd meeting of rhe START Rcgional Committce for Southern Africa. Z. M. Kasomckera, Univcrsi ty of !'\.Ialawi. Bunda C()IIftICI: Dr. Suuhft Liilehmrier. IGBP &creIQt701 of 1;'( P(r/eml R(pllb/ir of Cenlu/II.r. 11I.I'tilfll jlir College of Agricuhurc, PO Anx 219, l.ilongwe, tlltltor%gie, I'rtit Ullive,.siIIYIIJ~rlitl. Curl-Hehlfirh-Bedrr· lV« 6-10,0-12165 Bl'rlill. Gmnllll,l', Fllx: Malawi. T el: (+265) 277 222, Fax: (+265) 277 25 1. or (+:f9-30) 8387 1217; E-III(liI: H.Bo/!( fORUlI'I) 277 364 15 tGBP NEWSLETTER 16 OS. Brazilian Academy of Sciences. ex_ Postal 229. August, Singapol'e Towllrds a Model of OceDn RiOAcochernieal Proc RlIa Alfil6ficl de Carvalhtl 29. ;\u. Rio de Janeiro 5th Mceting of the. Southeast Asian Regional Com~ esses,( 1993) Edited byGenffrey'I'. Evan~& Michael 20.00 1-970. TcI: (+.')5-2 1) 2204794; Telex: 2123087 mince for START (SA RCS) 1. R. Fasham. Berlin: Springer-Vcrlag, 350 pp. d:hle hr, Fax: (+55-21) 240 46')5. 5-9 September, Fuji-Yoshidll, J " pnn (NAT O Ach'onced Science In stiwres Scrit:s, Sub May 1994. Lund, Sweden Intc:rnational Symposium on Global Atmospheric scrie.~ I: Global En1ljnmmenrai Clll1ngc, vu!. 10). PAGES/GCTE Workshop on Palaeove,l!;atatian Chcmistry: l luman impact on the glnhal troP()~ " 16