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Packaging and Its Significance on the Presentation Of PACKAGING AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE ON THE PRESENTATION OF TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE IN GHANA: KUMASI, A CASE STUDY By GLORIA BOACHIE (MRS) (B. ED. ART) A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the degree MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN INTEGRATED ART (Product Design) Faculty of Art, College of Art and Built Environment August, 2015 © 2015, Department of Integrated Rural Art and Industry DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the MPhil degree and that to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the university, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Gloria Boachie (Mrs) (PG9274513) ………………….....….… …………………..…. Student‘s Name & I.D. No. Signature Date Certified by Mr. Eugene Padditey ………………….....….… …………………..…. (Supervisor‘s Name) Signature Date Certified by Dr. John Osei Bobie Boahin ………………….....….… …………………..…. (Head of Department‘s name) Signature Date ii ABSTRACT Packaging has been in life since the creation of man onto the earth, the body of human is packed indirectly, to serve as a protective cover to the internal organs from external hazards. Packaging is highly significant because according to Frost, (2005) the package communicates both emotional and functional benefits to the buyer. Since Traditional Herbal Medicines (THM) remain integral part of indigenous health care system in Ghana it is therefore high time that practitioners of the industry presented it safe to the consumer by packaging. Some producers and practitioners of THM do not observe good packaging practices which affect consumer patronage. Hence to guarantee, increase in patronage, and maintain safety, efficacy and quality of THM packaging is paramount. Ghana is a country well-endowed with various natural resources therefore locally available material such as bamboo, clay and paper was used to produce a suitable package for the selected THM (bark of nkotobena, nyinya dry leaves, and prekese power). This research was carried out using Kumasi, specifically railway station in Ghana as a case study. The samples were chosen based on their popularity. A number of research methodologies were employed in gathering data including qualitative research method with questionnaire administration, personal interviews and descriptive method. The descriptive was purposely employed to describe procedures and processes in designing and constructing packages. The purposive sampling was used to assess the sample size. The general design of the pack should be underpinned with functions of a package (protect, preserve, promote, contain and handle), with good surface graphics, attractive but reduced colours, illustrations presenting a true and honest picture of the content, the shape should provide convenience in handling, easy for refilling and the ability to stand or with low support. The choice of packaging material should be planned along the principles of the ‗R‘ in sustainability (reduce, replace, reuse and recycle). iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express thanks to all the people who contributed in many ways to make this project successful. The first to be mentioned are Dr. John Osei Bobbie-Boahen, the HOD for IRAI for his guidance throughout this work. I am also grateful to Mr. Padditey my supervisor, for taking me through the project. I am sincerely thankful to Dr. Eddie Appiah of Communication Design who painstakingly went through this work to bring it to this level. I would want to express my thanks to Dr. Asoubonteng, Dr. I.K Amponsah, Mr. Keitu and madam Florence Andoh all of school of herbal science for always being there in difficult times and also to Dr. Rudolf Steiner I say a big thanks to you for your counselling, am pleased. I am most grateful to Mr. Jeffery Oduro Asiamah, Dr. Owusu-Sekyere of UDS, Nana Kwasi, Dzokoto, Frank of wood village and Adam Yakubu for their diverse support. I am grateful to Akofa Amedzo and Mr. J. Aseidu-Kwarteng for helping in the bamboo work and clay respectively. To the great OGONUS family, I appreciate the encouragement, support, prayers and all you did to bring this work to this level. I acknowledge and appreciate all Visual Art teachers in Kumasi Girls SHS and Adventist SHS, Kumasi. Thanks to the IRAI staff, my course mates and all the various libraries and Institutions visited to make this work a master piece. To God be the glory, great things He has done. iv DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family, Mr. Charles Boachie and Penial Boachie Boateng whose assistance and prayer, if had been deprived of, my dream for the achievement of this programme, would have been completely shattered. I say, may the Jehovah God, sustain you all day long. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .............................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ iv DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF PLATES ........................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Backgrounds to the Study ......................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 7 1.4 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................... 8 1.6 Research Question .................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Significance of the Study .......................................................................................... 8 1.8 Delimitation .............................................................................................................. 9 1.9 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 10 1.10 Definition of Terms .............................................................................................. 10 1.11 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 11 1.12 Organisation of the Study ..................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE ................................ 13 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Packaging and its significance ................................................................................ 14 2.3 The Brief History of Packaging .............................................................................. 16 vi 2.4 Packaging Types ..................................................................................................... 17 2.5 Categories of packaging ......................................................................................... 18 2.6 Some indigenous and contemporary packaging materials used in Ghana .............. 20 2.6.1 Metal .................................................................................................................... 21 2.6.2 Glass .................................................................................................................... 22 2.6.3 Paper and Board ................................................................................................... 23 2.6.4 Plastic ................................................................................................................... 25 2.6.5 Corn Husk ............................................................................................................ 27 2.6.6 The Plantain Leaf ................................................................................................. 27 2.6.7 Bamboo ................................................................................................................ 28 2.6.8 Clay ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.7 Functions of packaging ........................................................................................... 30 2.7.1 Protection ............................................................................................................. 31 2.7.2 Preservation ........................................................................................................
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