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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

Short Communication Foliicolous fungi on medicinal in Thiruvananthapuram District, ,

A. Sabeena, V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan

26 March 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 3 | Pages: 11470–11479 10.11609/jot.3761.10.3.11470–11479

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Threatened Taxa Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in ThiruvananthapuramJournal of Threatened District Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479Sabeena et al.

Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1 2 3 Short Communication Short A. Sabeena , V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,3 Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695562, India OPEN ACCESS 2 Dr. V.B. Hosagoudar Bio Research Foundaton, Killa, Bilagi, Bagalkot District, Karnataka 587116, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected]

Abstract: Thiruvananthapuram District harbours more than 1,000 fungi and its efect on fertlity have been systematcally medicinal plants of which 241 plants are hosts to foliicolous fungi and intensively carried out in some developed countries belonging to 76 families and 187 genera. These medicinal plants have been arranged alphabetcally, along with the fungi they host. This (Kirk et al. 2001), while sporadic work has been done in work has resulted in recording 253 fungal taxa, belonging to 44 genera India (Kushwaha 2004). of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfect.

Keywords: Herbal drugs, leaf diseases, pathogenic fungi. Materials and Methods The foliicolous fungi mainly infect leaves, sof stems and tender shoots. Collecton of these fungi is much easier India harbours more than 18,000 fowering plants of than that of feshy fungi. While collectng the host which about 7,500 are being used by all the ethnic groups parts, feld notes were made regarding their pathogenic and ca. 400 are industrially viable in producing about efect on the host, nature of colonies, nature of infecton, 10,000 herbal drugs (Shankar et al. 1997; Dhar 2002). locality and alttude. For each collecton, a separate feld It has been notced and confrmed that the pathogenic number was given. In the feld, such infected plants were fungi play a vital role in bringing chemical changes among collected separately in polythene bags with the host plants in increasing the efcacy of medicinal plants; for twig, preferably with the reproductve parts to facilitate example, Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. is efectve the corresponding host identty. These infected plant in curing jaundice during the winter season, which is parts were pressed neatly and dried in-between blotng invariably infected with powdery mildew; smut-infected papers. Regular transfer of the collectons to the fresh cereal grains are taster than normal; and gall formed and dry bloters ensured the dryness of the collectons. rust on Acacia sp. is being eaten in Maharashtra. Certain Such materials were later used for microscopic study. pathogenic fungi e.g. Zhaghounia oleae is being used as Foliicolous fungi infect herbaceous plants to trees of 30– a medicine. Especially ‘ergotn’ obtained from Claviceps 40 m in height, sometmes only in the crown, which poses perpurea, a disease causatve organism of rye and all difculty in notcing the infecton and also in collecton. other members of the grasses. Studies on pathogenic In such cases, recently shed leaves were examined,

DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3761.10.3.11470–11479

Editor: R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Insttute, Jabalpur, India. Date of publicaton: 26 March 2018 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3761 | Received 28 August 2017 | Final received 19 February 2018 | Finally accepted 28 February 2018

Citaton: Sabeena, A., V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan (2018). Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(3): 11470–11479; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3761.10.3.11470–11479

Copyright: © Sabeena et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Thiruvananthapuram.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the help of Director and Scientsts of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for the encouragement.

11470 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al. collected, concerned trees were traced, and twig or the Aravind, A.P.A., K.R.T. Asha & K.B. Rameshkumar (2015). reproductve parts were collected for the host identty. Phytochemical analysis and antoxidant potental of the leaves of Garcinia travancorica Bedd., Natural Product Research: Formerly In case of ectophytc or superfcial fungi, scrapes were Natural Product Leters: htp://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.10 made directly from the infected host parts and mounted 43551 Binu, S. & T. S. Nayar (2005). Pitospoum neelgherense Wight & Arn.( in lactophenol (prepared according to Rangaswamy Pitosporaceae) in treatment of snake-bite. Economic Botany 59(3): 1975). A tnge of coton blue added to lactophenol 295 to stain hyaline fungi. Demataceous fungi were frst Binu, S., A.E. Shanavakhan, E.S. Santhoshkumar & P. Pushpangadan (2003). Plants Used as Medicine by the Irulas of Palaghat District, mounted in 10% KOH soluton and later transferred to Kerala, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 27(4): lactophenol. Both mountants work efciently and make 808–814. the septa visible. Identfcaton of the host plants were Dhar, U. (2002). Wild Plant Biodiversity: Thematc Biodiversity Strategy and Acton Plan. G.B. Pant Insttute of Himalayan stenosporavar. confrmed by matching with the materials deposited in major Environmental and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Botanical Survey of India. Afer confrming the identty Utaranchal, India, 238pp. of the fungus, they were kept in manifold or buter paper Gupta, A.K., M. Sharma & N. Tandon (2004). Indian Medicinal Plants. V4. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 577pp. folders. Later, these folders were placed in thick paper Gupta, A.K. & N. Tandon (2004). Indian Medicinal Plants. VI. Indian envelopes of convenient size with the name of the host, Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 543pp. locality, date of collecton, place of collecton, name of Kirk, P.M., P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & J.A. Stalpers (2001). Dictonary of the Fungi. Ninth Editon. CAB Internatonal, U.K. pp. 655. the collector with the feld number writen on the top Kirthikar, K.R. & B.D. Basu (2012). Indian Medicinal Plants X. Oriental corner. These envelopes were serially arranged in a rack, Enterprises, Dehra Dun. Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2004). Fungi in Human and Animal Health. Scientfic based on their collecton numbers. Fricton between the Publishers, Jodhpur, 476pp. envelope and the material was avoided to keep the fungal Nadnakunjidam, S. (2003). Ethnomedicinal Observatons from Atapai parts intact. These materials were deposited in TBGT Hills of . Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 27(3): 732–740. (Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Palode) Nair, R., T. Kalariya & S. Chanda (2005). Antbacterial actvity of some and part of them was in the Natonal Fungal Herbarium selected Indian medicinal fora. Turk Journal of Biology 29: 41–47. HCIO, Division of Plant pathology, IARI, New Delhi. Nudrat, Z.S. & U. Mukundan (2005). Medicinal and Aromatc Plants of India Part - 1. Ukaaz Publicatons, 295pp. Radhakrishnan, K., A.G. Pandurangan & P. Pushpangadan (1996). Less Results and Discussion Known Ethnomedicinal Plants of Kerala State and Their Conservaton. Presently, we have been engaged in the study of Ethnobotany 8: 82–84. Rajasekharan, S. & P.G. Latha (2011). Traditonal and Folk Practces - foliicolous (leaf infectng) fungi on medicinal plants in Contemporary Relevance and Future Prospects. List of Medicinal Thiruvananthapuram District. Of the more than 1,000 Plants Mentoned in Hortus Malabaricus and their Curatve medicinal plants, 241 plants belonging to 76 families Propertes, 119–170pp.­ Rao, M.R. (1914). Flowering Plants of Travancre. Government Press, and 187 genera have been infected with foliicolous Trivanrum. fungi. These medicinal plants have been arranged Rangaswamy, G. (1975). Diseases of Crop Plants in India. Prentce-Hall alphabetcally, and references provided for their uses. of India, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Ranjith, N.P. & N. Mohanan (2013). Ethnobotanical Studies of Koraga This work resulted in recording 253 fungal taxa, belonging Tribal Community of Kasaragod District, Kerala State. Journal of to 44 genera of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Fungi Traditonal and Folk Practces 1(1): 102–108. Retnam, K.R. & P. Martn (2006). Ethnomedicinal Plants. Agrobios Imperfect (Table 1). (India) Jodhpur, 270pp. Reddi, T.V.V.S., S. Prasanthi & B.V.A.R.R. Naidu (2015). Medicinal and References Aromatc Plants of India Part - 1. Ukaaz Publicatons, 295pp. Shankar, D., D.K. Ved, V. Tandon, S.R. Ramesh, A. Kareem & P. Singh (1997). Conserving a Natonal Resource, pp. 103–117. In: Ambasta, S.P. (1986). The Useful Plants of India. CSIR, Publicatons, Pushpangadan, P. & K.S.S. Nair (eds.). Biodiversity and Tropical New Delhi. Forests. The Kerala Scenario. The State Commitee on Science, Anil, K.D. (2003). Sacred Plants and their Medicinal Uses. Diya Technology and Environment, Kerala. Publishing House, Delhi, 237pp. Udayan, P.S. & I. Balachandran (2009). Medicinal Plants of Arya Vaida Anilkumar, C., C.R. Chithra, S. Bindu & A. Jabbar (2014). An illustrated Sala Herb Garden. Arya Vaidya Sala Kotakkal, Kerala, 18pp. bilingual feld guide on medicinal plants, seeds and their seedlings Vaidyanathan, D., M.S. Senthilkumar & G. Basha (2013). Studies on occurring in Kerala Forests. Kerala Forest Department, Govt. of Kerala, Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Malayali tribals used in Kolli hills of Thiruvananthapuram & JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Eastern Ghats, Tamilnadu, India. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Kerala. Research 3(6): 29–45. Anonymous (2000). Wealth of India. Raw Materials. Vol. 1. Publicatons Varier, P.S. (1993). Indian Medicinal Plants. A compendium of 500 & Informaton Directorate, Council of Scientfc and Industrial species - Vol. I. Orient Longman Limited, Madras, 379pp. Research, New Delhi. Wealth of India (2009). Raw Materials. Vol. VI. Publicatons & Anonymous (2006). Raw Materials. Vol. VI. Publicatons & Informaton Informaton Directorate, Council of Scientfc and Industrial Research, Directorate, Council of Scientfc and Industrial Research, New Delhi New Delhi. Anonymous (2013). Ayurvedic Medicinal plants of Srilanka. www. insttute of Ayurveda.org.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 11471 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Table 1. Host medicinal plants and corresponding fungi with references to the medicinal plant use

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Fabaceae 1 Abrus precatoriusL. Phyllachora abri (Subhedar & Rao) Cannon Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. ex 2 Mimosaceae Meliola melanoxylonis Hosag. & Pillai Anonymous (2000) Benth. Meliola actnodaphnecola Hosag. & Abraham Meliola gooseana Hosag. & Abraham 3 Actnodaphne angustfolia Nees. Lauraceae Ambasta (1986) Meliola pudukadensis Hosag. Schifnerula actnodaphnes Hosag. 4 Acrotrema arnotanum Wight Dilleniaceae Asterina acrotremae Hosag. & Chandra. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

5 Adhatoda beddomei C.B. Clarke Acanthaceae Asterina terta Racib. var. africana Doidge Ambasta (1986)

6 Adhatoda vasica Nees Acanthaceae Asterina terta Racib. Nudrat & Mukundan (2005)

7 Adenanthera pavonina L. Fabaceae Meliola adenanthericola Hosag. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Schifnerula girijae Hosag. & Archana 8 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. Rutaceae Anilkumar et al. (2014) Oidium citri (Yen) Braun 9 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Meliola ailanthi Sharma, Mohanan & Florence Guptha & Tandon (2004)

10 Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangern Alangiaceae Asterina perpusilla Sydow Anilkumar et al. (2014) Meliola allophyligena Hosag. Ampullifera foliicola Deight. Meliola allophyli-serrulat Hosag. & Abraham 11 Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch. Sapindaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola capensis (Kalch. & Cooke) Theiss. var. allophylicola Hansf. & Deight. Ampullifera foliicola Deight. Meliola peringamalaensis Hosag. & Kamar. 12 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola altssimae Hosag. 13 Amomum subulatum Roxb. Zingiberaceae Asteridiella amomi Hosag. & Jacob Thomas Varier (1993)

14 Anacrdium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Meliola anacardii Zimm. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

15 Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn. Menispermaceae Prillieuxina anamirtae (Sydow & Sydow) Ryan Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Asterina aporusae Hansf. 16 Aporusa lindleyana (Wight) Baill. Euphorbiaceae Spiropes dorycarpus (Mont.) M.B. Ellis. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliolaster aporusae Hosag., Harish & Archana 17 Areca catechu L. Arecaceae Acroconidiellina arecae (Berk. & Br.) M.B. Ellis Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

18 Argyreia speciosa (L.f.) Sweet Convolvulaceae Meliola malacotricha Speg. var. major Beeli Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

19 Aristolochia tagala Cham. Aristolochiaceae Asterina aristolochiae Hosag. & Jacob Thomas Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

20 Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. Moraceae Meliola artocarpi Yates var. indica Anilkumar et al. (2014) Asterina atalantae Hosag. & Agarwal 21 Atalanta wighti Tanaka Rutaceae Meliola tenella Pat. var. atalantae (Pat.) Hansf. Anonymous (2006) Meliola tenella Pat. var. atalanticola Hosag. Averrhoaceae 22 Averrhoa carambola L. Asterina averrhoae Hosag., Kamar. & K.P. Babu Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

23 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Schifnerula azadirachtae Hosag. & Sabeena Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Asterostomella baliospermi Hosag., Archana & 24 Euphorbiaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Muell. - Arg. Agarwal 25 Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss. Poaceae Dasturella divina (Sydow) Mundk. & Kesh. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

26 Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn Lecythidaceae Meliola indica Sydow Varier (1993) Meliola bauhiniicola Yamam. 27 Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Meliola bauhiniicola Yamam. var. brevipoda Hosag. & Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Sabeena Breynia rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell.- 28 Euphorbiaceae Kernkempella breyniae (Sydow & Sydow) Rajendran Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Arg. 29 Buchanania lanceolata Wight Anacardiaceae Meliola ardigoosii Hosag. & Abraham Rao (1914)

30 Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Anacardiaceae Meliola ardigoosii Hosag. & Abraham Reddi et al. (2015) Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (B. 31 Fabaceae Meliola buteae Hafz, Azmatulla & Kaf Udayan & Balachandran (2009) frondosa Roxb.) 32 Butea parvifora Roxb. Fabaceae Meliola buteae Hafz, Azmatulla & Kaf Gupta et al. (2004) Caesalpiniaceae Meliola caesalpiniae Hansf. & Deight. var. indica 33 Caesalpinia sappan L. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Hosag. & H. Biju

11472 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Calamus sp. 34 Arecaceae Cirsosia globuliferae (Pat.) Arn. Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Calamus rotang Linn. Verbenaceae 35 Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murray Asteridiella formosensis (Yamam.) Hansf Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

Appendiculella calophylli (Stev.) Toro var. apetali 36 Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Hosag. Asteridiella combret (Stev.) Hansf. var. leonensis Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Hansf. 37 Combretaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Poiret Asterina combret Sydow Amazonia henryi Hosag. 38 Canarium strictum King Burseraceae Phyllachora sikkimensis Ramakr. T.S. & Ramakr. K. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Balladynocallia glabra (Hansf.) Bat. Amazonia goosii Hosag. & Abraham 39 Canthium angustfolium Roxb. Rubiaceae Meliola africana Hansf. Rao (1914) Meliola canthii-angustfolii Hosag. Schifnerula canthii Hosag. & Archana Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) 40 Rubiaceae Asterina canthii-dicocci Hosag. Ambasta (1986) Teijsm. & Binn. Asterina emciciana Hosag., Robin & Archana 41 sepiaria L. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Bheemamyces capparidis Hosag. & A. Sabeena Meliola careyae (Stev.) Hosag. Meliola careyae (Stev.) 42 Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythididaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Hosag. var. indica Hosag. Meliola indica Sydow var. careyae Stev. Meliola integripoda Hosag., Abraham & Crane 43 Carissa carandas L. Apocynaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola carissae Doidge var. spinari Hosag. Caesalpiniaceae 44 Cassia glauca Lam. Meliola suratensis Hosag., Abraham & Crane Kirtkar & Basu (2012)

Asterina cassiicola Hosag. & Archana 45 Cassia fstula L. Fabaceae Meliola aethiops Sacc. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Meliola aethiops Sacc. var. keralica Hosag. 46 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae Schifnerula catharanthi Hosag. & Archana Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Cayrata pedata (Lam.) A. L. Juss. ex 47 Vitaceae Meliola cayratae Hosag. & Jacob Thomas Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Gagnepain Stenella cinnamomi Hosag.& Braun Cinnamomum malabatrum Armatella balakrishnanii Hosag. 48 Lauraceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Burm.f.) Blume Meliola beilschmiediae Yamam. var. cinnamomicola Hosag. Meliola cinnamomi Hosag. & Abraham 49 Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl. Lauraceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Armatella cinnamomi Hansf. & Thirum. Asterina cipadessae Yates 50 Cipadessa baccifera (Roth.) Miq. Meliaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Sarcinella cipadessae Hosag. & Jacob Thomas 51 Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Viegasia cissampeli (Hansf.) Bat. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Citrus aurantfolia (Christm.) 52 Swingle (C. medica L. var. acida Rutaceae Meliola butleri Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Roxb.) Hook. f. Meliola butleri Sydow 53 Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. Rutaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola citricola Sydow & Sydow 54 Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Rutaceae Spiropes guareicola (Stev.) Cif. Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Spiropes guareicola (Stev.) Cif. 55 Citrus limon (L.) Burn.f Rutaceae Meliola butleri Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola citricola Sydow & Sydow Meliola butleri Sydow 56 Citrus medica L. Rutaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola citricola Sydow & Sydow Meliola clerodendricola Henn. 57 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertner Verbenaceae Meliola cookeana Speg. var. vitcis (Hansf.) Hansf. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola cookeana Speg. Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) 58 Verbenaceae Meliola cookeana Speg. var. vitcis (Hansf.) Hansf. Varier (1993) Moon Meliola clerodendricolaHenn. 59 Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Verbenaceae Meliola cookeana Speg. Nadnakunjidam (2003) var. vitcis (Hansf.) Hansf. Asteridiella clerodendricola Hosag. 60 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Verbenaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola clerodendricola Henn. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) 61 Cofea arabica L. Rubiaceae Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 11473 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Lauraceae 62 Cryptocarya bourdilloniiGamble Armatella cryptocaryae Hosag. Ambasta (ed) 1986.

Meliola cycleae Hosag. 63 Cyclea peltata Cooke Menispermaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola subramanyaensis Hosag. Cymbopogon fexuosus (Nees ex Meliola panici Earle 64 Poaceae Ranjith & Mohanan (2013) Steudel) Watson Phyllachora ischaemi Sydow 65 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Phyllachora cynodonts (Sacc.) Niessl. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

66 Dalbergia paniculata Rox. Fabaceae Phyllachora spissa Sydow Anonymous (2006) Dalbergia sissoides Graham ex 67 Fabaceae Teratosperma anacardii Hansf. Rao (1914) Wight & Arn. 68 Dendropthoe falcata (L.f.) Etng Loranthaceae Meliola loranthacearum Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

69 Derris scandens Benth.. Fabaceae Meliola abrupta Sydow Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Desmodium latfolium(Roxb. ex 70 Fabaceae Meliola bicornis Wint. Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Ker.) DC. 71 Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth. Fabaceae Meliola desmodii-pulchelli Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

72 Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Meliola desmodii-triquetri Hosag. & Manoj. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Asteridiella dilleniaeHosag. & Kamarudeen Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. 73 Dilleniaceae Asterostomella dilleniacearum Hosag., Abraham & Anilkumar et al. (2014) Dillenia indica L. C.K. Biju 74 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Sapindaceae Meliola dimocarpi Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

75 Diospyros ebenum Koenig Ebenaceae Meliola diospyri Sydow & Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola diospyri Sydow & Sydow Meliola diospyri Sydow & Sydow var. yatesiana (Trot.) Hansf. & Deight. Asterina diospyri Hosag. & C.K. Pradeep 76 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Ebenaceae Varier (1993) Prillieuxina diospyri Hosag. & Chandra. Aecidium rhytsmoideum Berk. & Br. Ampullifera foliicola Deight. Hansfordiellopsis licheniicola (Batsta & Maia) Deight. 77 Eclipta alba (L) Hassk. Asteraceae Schifnerula ecliptae Hosag., Sabeena & Riju Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Asterina gamsii Hosag. & C.K. Biju 78 Elaeocarpus serratus L. Elaeocarpaceae Anilkumar et al. (2014) Asterostomella elaeocarpi-serrat Hosag Asterina elaeocarpi Sydow var. ovalis Kar & Maity 79 Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Elaeocarpaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Aecidium elaeocarpi-tuberculatHosag. 80 Elatostema lineolatum Wight Urtcaceae Asterina elatostemats Hosag. & Goos Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

81 Erycibe paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Meliola erycibe-paniculatae Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

82 Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae Meliola erythrinae Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Erythropalum populifolium (Arn.) Meliola erythropali Hosag. 83 Erythropalaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Mast. Asterina erythropalicola Hosag. & Goos 84 Euphorbia hirta L. Euhorbiaceae Sphaerotheca euphorbiae-hirtae Braun & Somani Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex 85 Euhorbiaceae Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arnaud Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Klotz. 86 Ficus asperrima Roxb. Moraceae Irenopsis benguetensis Stev. & Rold. Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Hansfordiellopsis licheniicola (Batsta & Maia) Deight. 87 Ficus exasperata Vahl Moraceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Phyllachora repens (Corda) Sacc. 88 Ficus microcarpa L. Moraceae Asteridiella fciicola Hosag., Archana & Sabu Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

89 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Sphaerodothis raoii Pande Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) 90 Sapindaceae Meliola flicii Hosag. var. indica Hosag. & Archana Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Thwaites 91 Flemingia conjesta Roxb. ex Aiton. Fabaceae Meliola femingiicola Hosag., Jose & H. Biju Kirthikar & Basu (2012)

92 Garcinia mangostanaL. Clusiaceae Heteroconium solaninum (Sacc. & Sydow)Ellis Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

93 Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Descr. Clusiaceae Asterina morellae Hosag., C.K. Biju & Abraham Varier (1993) Asterina garciniae Hansf. 94 Garcinia travancorica Bedd. Clusiaceae Aravind et al. (2015) Asterina garciniicola Ouyang & Song 95 Gardenia gummifera L.f. Rubiaceae Acrodictys balladynae (Hansf.) M.B. Ellis Binu et al. (2003) Kirtkar & Basu 2012 96 Gaultheria fragrantssima Wallich Ericaceae Spiropes dorycarpus (Mont.) M.B. Ellis.

97 Gliricidia sepium(Jacq.) Walp. Fabaceae Meliola gliricidiicola Hosag. & Agarwal Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

11474 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Phyllachora glycosmidis Petch. Hansfordiellopsis licheniicola (Batsta & Maia) Deight. 98 Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC Rutaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola cadigensis Yates var. glycosmidis (Kapoor) Hosag. Meliola clerodendricola Henn. var. micromera (Sydow 99 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae & Sydow) Hansf. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola clerodendricola Henn. Meliola clerodendricola Henn. var. micromera (Sydow 100 Gmelina asiatca L. Verbenaceae Ambasta (1986) & Sydow) Hansf. 101 Grewia tliifolia Vahl. Tiliaceae Irenopsis coimbatorica Hosag., C.M. Pillai & P.A. Raghu Reddi et al. (2015) Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex 102 Asclepiadaceae Meliola gymnemae Jana, Ghosh & Das Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Schultes Sterculiaceae Asterina helicteris Ouyang & Hu in Yousheng 103 Helicteres isora L. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Irenopsis helicteridis Hosag. Oidium hemidesmi Singh & Kamal Meliola hemidesmicola Hosag. 104 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Periplocaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola hemidesmicola Hosag. var. indica Hosag. & Manoj. 105 Hibiscus hispidissimus Grifth Malvaceae Irenopsis molleriana (Wint.) Stev. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

106 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Asterina hibisci (Doidge) Hosag. Nair et al. (2005)

107 Hibiscus teliaceus L. Malvaceae Irenopsis molleriana (Wint.) Stev. Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Kirtkar & Basu (2012) 108 Hiptage benghalensis (Linn.) Kurz. Malpighiaceae Spiropes dorycarpus (Mont.) M.B. Ellis.

Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) 109 Apocynaceae Meliola holarrhenae Hansf. & Thirum. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Wallich ex G.Don 110 Holigarna arnotana Hook. f. Anacardiaceae Meliola holigarnae Stev. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Dipterocarpaceae 111 Hopea parvifora Bedd. Asterina hopiicola Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

Asterina hopeae Hosag. & Kamar. 112 Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Dipterocarpaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Cirsosia hopeae Hosag. & Jacob-Thomas 113 Hugonia mystax L. Linaceae Phyllachora hugoniae Theissen & Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

114 Humboldta unijuga Bedd. Caesalpiniaceae Lembosia humboldticola Hosag. Jacob & Sabeena. Radhakrishnan et al. (1996) Lembosia humboldtae Hosag. & Abraham 115 Humboldta vahliana Wight Caesalpiniaceae Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Lembosia humboldtigena Hosag. Jacob & Sabeena. Hydnocarpus pentandra (Ham.) 116 Flacourtaceae Asteroliberta hydnocarpi Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Oken. 117 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Apiaceae Puccinia hydrocotyles (Link.) Cooke. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

118 Hypts suaveilense (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Meliola hyptdis Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola ichnocarpi Hansf. & Thirum. 119 Ichnocarpus frutescense (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Meliola ichnocarpi-volubili Hansf. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola frutescents Hosag., Abraham & Crane Meliola malacotricha Speg. 120 Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb. Convolvulaceae Varier (1993) Ferrarisia ipomoeae (Sydow) Petrak Rubiaceae Asteridiellaixorae Hosag. & Archana 121 Ixora coccinea L. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola ixorae Yates 122 Jasminum angustfolium (L.) Willd. Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

123 Jasminum arborescens Roxb. Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Varier (1993)

124 Jasminum auriculatum Vahl Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Varier (1993)

125 Jasminum grandiforum L. Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Reddi et al. (2015)

126 Jasminum malabaricum Wight Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Ranjith & Mohanan (2013) Jasminum multforum (Burm. f.) 127 Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Varier (1993) Andr. (J. pubescens Willd.) 128 Jasminum pubescens Willd. Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Kirtkar & Basu (2012)

129 Jasminum retchiei Clarke Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Jasminum rotlerianum Wallich ex 130 Oleaceae Meliola jasmini Hansf. & Stev. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) A. DC 131 Justcia betonica L. Acanthaceae Asteridiella justciae Hosag. & Rajkumar Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

132 Justcia gendarussa Burm.f. Acanthaceae Puccinia thwaitesii Berk Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

133 Kleinhovia hospita L. Sterculiaceae Irenopsis kleinhoviae Hosag. & Archana Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 11475 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Lannea coromandelica (Hout.) 134 Anacardiaceae Meliola geniculata Sydow & Butler Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Merr. (Odina wodier Roxb.) 135 Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Asterina lawsoniae Henn. & Nyn. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

136 Limonia altssima L. Rutaceae Sarcinella limoniae Hosag., Sabeena & Riju Anil (2003)

137 Litsea stocksii Hook. f. Lauraceae Armatella cryptocaryae Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola loranthacearum Hosag. & Abraham Meliola prataprajii Hosag. & Abraham 138 Loranthus falcatus L. f. Lauraceae Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Asterina deightonii Sydow Asterostomula loranthi Theiss. Maesa indica (Roxb.) A. DC. Meliola groteana Sydow var. maesae Hosag., C.K. Biju 139 Myrsinaceae Anilkumar et al. (2014) & Abraham Spiropes capensis M.B. Ellis Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.- Asteridiella kombeensis Hosag. 140 Euphorbiaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Arg. Asteridiella mallot (Hansf. & Thirum.) Hansf. Asteridiella mallotcola (Yamam.) Hansf. Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell.- 141 Euphorbiaceae Irenopsis crotonis (Stev. & Tehon) Stev. Rajasekharan & Latha (2011) Arg. Meliola mangiferae Earle, 142 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Anilkumar et al. (2014) Asteroliberta mangiferae Hansf. & Thirum. Melia dubia Cav. 143 Meliaceae Meliola toonae Hosag. & Sabu Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Melia composite Willd. Melicope lunuankanda (Gaertn.) T. 144 Rutaceae Asterina melicopecola Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009) G. Hartley Asterina memecylonis Ryan Memecylon edule Roxb. Echidnodella memecyli Hosag. & Abraham 145 Melastomataceae Vaidyanathan et al.(2013) Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f. Meliola memecyli Sydow & Sydow Meliola atayarica Hosag & Abraham Memecylon malabaricum(Clerke) 146 Melastomataceae Meliola afnis Sydow var. indica Hosag. Ambasta (1986) Cogn. Meliola heudeloti Gaill. 147 Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f. Melastomataceae Meliola memecyli Sydow var. microspora Hansf. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola memecylicola Hansf. var. longiseta Hosag. 148 Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall.f. Convolvulaceae Endophyllum kaernbachii Stev. & Mendiola Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Magnoliaceae 149 Michelia champaka L. Asteridiella micheliae Jana, Gosh & Das Varier (1993)

Asterina mimusopsidicola Hosag., Sabeena & Agarwal 150 Mimusops elenji L. Sapotaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Symphaster mimusopsidis Hosag., Sabeena & Agarwal Mitragyna parvifolia(Roxb.)Korth. 151 Rubiaceae Meliola mitragynae Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

152 Mitragyna tubulosa (Arn.) Hav. Rubiaceae Meliola mitragynae-tubulosae Hosag. & Manoj Wealth of India (2009) Morinda pubescence I.E. Smith 153 Rubiaceae Schifnerula braunii Hosag. & Sabeena Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Morinda tnctoria Roxb. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roemer 154 {Mukia scabrella (L.f.) Arn. Cucurbitaceae Asteridiella triloba (Wint.) Hansf. Ambasta (1986) Melothria maderaspatana (Linn.) Cogn.} 155 Murraya koenigii(L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Irenopsis murrayae Hosag. & Rajkumar Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola tenella Pat. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (M. 156 Rutaceae Ampullifera foliicola Deight. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) exotca L.) Spiropes guareicola (Stev.) Cif. Mussaenda frondosa L., 157 Mussaenda belilla Buch.- Ham. Rubiaceae Meliola anceps Sydow & Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Mussaenda laxa Hook.f.) Hutch. ex Asterina myristcae Hosag. & Sabeena 158 Myristca malabarica Lam. Myristcaceae Asterina myristcacearum Hosag. & Sabeena Anilkumar et al. (2014) Asteridiella myristcacearum Hosag. 159 Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC. Ranunculaceae Asterina naraveliae Hosag., C.K. Biju & Agarwal Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Neolitsea scrobiculata (Meisner) Meliola neolitseae Yamam. 160 Lauraceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Gamble, (N. zeylanica Merr.) Meliola tetradeniae (Berk.) Theiss. & Sydow Meliola capensis (Kalch. & Cooke) Theiss. var. malayensis Hansf. 161 Nephelium longana (Lam). Cambess Sapindaceae Meliola capensis (Kalch. & Cooke) Theiss. var. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) ermerginat Hosag., Pillai & P.A. Raghu Meliola commixta Sydow

11476 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Nothapodytes nimmoniana 162 Icacinaceae Meliola chandrasekharanii Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Graham) Mabberly Meliola malabarensis Hansf. 163 Olea dioica Roxb. Oleaceae Meliola oleacearum Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Zhaghounia oleae (Butler) Cummins 164 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignonaceae Meliola crescentae Stev. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Pachygone ovata (Poir.) Miers ex Maheshwaramyces pachygones Hosag. Archana & 165 Menispermaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Hook. f. & Thoms. Dan Pajenelia longifolia (Willd.) 166 K.Schum. Pajenelia rheedii DC.) Bignoniaceae Meliola crescentae Stev. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Willd.) K.Schum.(P. rheedii DC.)]

167 Pambrus missionis (Wight) Swingle Rutaceae Meliola toddaliae Doidge Anonymous (2013)

Meliola pandanacearum Hosag. & Abraham Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.)Kuntze. 168 Pandanaceae Echidnoides pandanicola Hosag. & Hanlin Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Pandanus odoratssimus L.f. Zygosporium minus Hughes 169 Passifora edulis Sims Passiforaceae Schifnerula mirabilis Hohn. Vaidyanathan et al. (2013) Acrodictys balladynae (Hansf.) M.B. Ellis 170 Paveta indica Linn. Rubiaceae Asterostomula pavetae Hosag. & Sabeena Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Sporidesmium aburiense M.B.Ellis 171 Pedilanthus tthymaloides Poit. Euphorbiaceae Sphaerotheca euphorbiae-hirtae Braun & Somani Ambasta (1986) Periconiella perseae-macranthae Hosag. & Braun Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosteerm. 172 Lauraceae Armatella katumotoi Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Machilusmacrantha Nees) Meliola machili Yamam. 173 Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Euphorbiaceae Phyllachora keralica Hosag., Abraham & C.K. Biju Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Asterina piperina Sydow 174 Piper nigrum L. Piperaceae Anilkumar et al. (2014) Meliola stenospora Wint. Pitosporum neelgherrenseWight 175 Pitosporaceae Meliola polytricha Kalch. & Cooke Binu & Nayar (2005) & Arn. 176 Plumeria rubra L. Apocynacee Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola pogostemonis Hansf. 177 Pogostemon pubescensBenth. Lamiaceae Ambasta (1986) Asteridiella anastomosans (Wint.) Hansf. Echidnodella polyalthiae Hosag. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) 178 Annonaceae Phyllachora travancorica Ramakrishnan, K., J. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Thawaites. Prillieuxina polyalthiae Hosag. & Abraham Asperisporium pongamiae (H. Sydow) Deight. 179 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Fabaceae Meliola pongamiae Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Phyllachora pongamiae (Berk. & Br.) Petch Pothos scandens L. Lembosia malabarensis (Sydow & Sydow) Hosag. & 180 Araceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Goos 181 Premna corymbosa Rotl. & Willd. Verbenaceae Asterina pusilla Sydow & Sydow Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Meliola pseudarthriae Hosag. & Manoj. Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & 182 Fabaceae Meliola pseudarthriae Hosag. &Manoj. var. indica Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Arn. Hosag. & Jacob Thomas 183 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Fabaceae Meliola pterocarpi Yates Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) 184 Sterculiaceae Irenopsis tjibodensis Hansf. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Willd. Asterina escharoides Sydow 185 Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Sarcinella quesqualidis Hosag. & Jacob Thomas 186 Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Acanthaceae Asterina terta Racib. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

187 Ruellia prostrata Poir. Acanthaceae Asterina terta Racib. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Samadera indica Gaertn. 188 {(= Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Simaroubaceae Meliola samaderae Hosag. Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Nooteboon)} 189 Santalum album L. Santalaceae Asterina congesta Cooke Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola otophorae Yates var. indica Hosag. & 190 Sapindus laurifolius Vahl Sapindaceae Ravikumar Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola serjaniae Stev. var. major Hansf. 191 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Willd. Caesalpiniaceae Asterina saracae Hosag., Abraham & Crane Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola capensis (Kalch., & Cooke) Theiss. var. 192 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sapindaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) schleicherae Hosag. & Pillai

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 11477 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Clasterosporium cyperacearum Hosag. 193 Scleria sp. Cyperaceae Clasterosporium fagellatum (Sydow) Ellis Rajasekharan & Latha (2011) Diplococcium atrovelutnum Braun & Hosag. Asteridiella sebastaniae Hosag, Sabeena & Jacob 194 Sebastania chamaelea (L.) Mull. Euphorbiaceae Kirthikar & Basu (2012) Thomas Meliola sanjappae Hosag., J. Thomas & D.K. Agarwal 195 Semecarpus anacrdium L.f. Anacardiaceae Meliola shivarajui Hosag. & Kamar. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Meliola semecarpi-anacardii Hosag. 196 Semecarpus travancorica Bedd. Anacardiaceae Phyllachora thiruvananthapurica Hosag. & Abraham Rao (1914) Asterina diplocarpa Cooke 197 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borssum Malvaceae Irenopsis sidae (Rehm) Hughes var. indica Hosag. & Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Manoj. Meliola smilacis Stev., 198 Smilax zeylanica L. Smilacaceae Ambasta (1986) Spiropes dialii (Bat.) Ellis 199 Solanum seaforthianum Andr. Solanaceae Oidium seaforthiani Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

200 Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae Schifnerula palodensis Hosag. & Riju Anilkumar et al. (2014) Spatholobus parviforus (Roxb. ex 201 Fabaceae Meliola spatholobii Hosag., H. Biju & Manoj. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) DC.) Kuntze 202 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae Asteridiella callista (Rehm) Hansf. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Moraceae 203 Streblus asper Lour. Asteridiella strebli Hosag., H. Biju & Manoj. Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

Meliola cannonii Hosag., Meliola gamsii Hosag. & Shiburaj Strychnaceae 204 Strychnos nux-vomica L. Meliola spigeliae Hansf. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola strychnacearum Hosag. & Abraham Questeriella strychni Hosag. Symplocos cochinchinensis 205 (Lour.) Moore ssp. laurina (Retz.) Symplocaceae Meliola symplocicola Yamam. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Nooteboom Symplocos laurina (Retz.) Wallich ex 206 Symplocaceae Asterina indica Sydow Ambasta (1986) Rehder & Willis Asterina jambolana Kar & Maity Asterostomula syzygii Hosag, Sabeena & Jacob Thomas Lembosia hosagoudarii Sivanesan & Shivas Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Eugenia Sporidesmium aburiense M.B.Ellis 207 Myrtaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) jambolana Lam.) Meliola densa Cook Meliolina pulcherrima (H. Sydow & P. Sydow) H. Sydow & P. Sydow Phyllachora ambigua (Sydow) Sydow Asterina clavifori Kar & Maity Asterina jambolana Kar & Maity 208 Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC. Myrtaceae Binu et al. (2003) Asterina clavifori Kar & Maity Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) 209 Apocynaceae Meliola pepparaensis Hosag. & Abraham Udayan & Balachandran (2009) R.Br. ex Roemer & Schultes Meliola tamarindi Sydow & Sydow 210 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Anilkumar et al. (2014) Oidium tamarindi (Yen)Braun Schifnerula tectonae (Thite & Patl) Hosag 211 Tectona grandis L.f. Verbinaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Acremoniula sarcinellae (Pat. & Har.) Arn. ex Deight. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) 212 Combretacee Asterina combret Sydow Nudrat & Mukundan (2015) Wight & Arn. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertner) 213 Combretaceae Colemaniella ossoorii Agnihothrudu Anilkumar et al. (2014) Roxb. Combretaceae Asteridiella combret (Stev.) Hansf. var. leonensis 214 Terminalia bellirica (Gaert.) Roxb. Nudrat & Mukundan (2015) Hansf. Meliola pelliculosa Sydow Philip. 215 Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Schifnerula terminaliae Hosag. & Riju Asterostomella terminaliae Hosag., Balakr. & Goos 216 Terminalia chebula Retz. Combritaceae Lembosia terminaliae-chebulae Hosag., Abraham & Anilkumar et al. (2014) Crane Terminalia cuneata Roth. {(T. arjuna 217 Combretaceae Asterina combret Sydow Udayan & Balachandran (2009) (Rox. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.)} Schifnerula camelliae (Sydow, Sydow & Butler) 218 Thea sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae Varier (1993) Hughes Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz. ex 219 Malvaceae Irenopsis thespesiae Hansf. Nadnakunjidam (2003) Dalz. & Gibs.

11478 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al.

Medicinal plant species Family Corresponding Fungi For medicinal use of plants refer Thepesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corr. 220 Malvaceae Irenopsis thespesiae Hansf. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Serr. 221 Thotea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou. Aristolochiaceae Asterina thoteae Hosag. & Hanlin Nadnakunjidam (2003) Asterina thunbergiicola Hansf. var. Indica Hosag. & 222 Thunbergia sp. Acanthaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Jacob-Thomas 223 Toona ciliata M. Roem. Meliaceae Meliola toonae Hosag. & Sabu Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

224 Torenia travancorica Gamble Scrophulariaceae Meliola toreniae Hosag. Ambasta (1986) Asterina dallasica Petrak 225 Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Ulmaceae Schifnerula hughesii Hosag. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Asteridiella tremae (Speg.) Hansf. Irenopsis triumfetae(Stev.) Hansf. & Deight. var.indica 226 Triumfeta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae Hosag. & Abraham Kirtkar & Basu (2012) Asterina triumfetcola Yamam. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. {T. 227 Asclepiadaceae Meliola tylophorae-indicae Hosag. & Manoj. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) asthamatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn.} 228 Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Irenopsis molleriana (Wint.) Stev. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze [V. 229 Apocynaceae Meliola vallaridis Hosag., Sabeena, Archana & Jacob Udayan & Balachandran (2009) heynei Spreng.] Asteroliberta vateriae Hosag. 230 Vateria indica L. Dipterocarpaceae Echidnodella vateriae Hosag. & Kamar. Anilkumar et al. (2014) Domingoella asterinarum Petrak & Ciferri 231 Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. Asteraceae Asteridiella cyclopoda (Stev.) Hansf. Ambasta (1986) Meliola panici Earle var. vetveriicola Gawande, 232 Vetveria zizanoides (L.) Nash Poaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Agarwal & Hosag. 233 Vigna pilosa (Willd.) Baker Fabaceae Ampullifera foliicola Deight. Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola altssimae Hosag. 234 Vitex altssima L. Verbenaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola cookeana Speg. var. vitcis (Hansf.) Hansf. 235 Vitex pubescence Vahl Verbenaceae Meliola cookeana Speg. Ambasta (1986) Asteraceae 236 Wedelia chinensis (L.) Merr. Schifnerula wedeliae Hosag., Sabeena & Riju Udayan & Balachandran (2009)

237 Woodfordia frutcosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Pseudocercospora sydowiana (Chupp) U. Braun Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Meliola tabernaemontanae Speg. var. wrightae Hosag., Agarwal, H. Biju & Archana 238 Wrighta tnctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Udayan & Balachandran (2009) Asterina wrightae Sydow in Sydow & Petrak Hemileia wrightae Rac. 239 Xeromphis uliginosa (Thunb.) Keay Rubiaceae Irenopsis xeromphidis Hosag. & Sabeena Retnam & Martn (2006)

240 Zizyphus oenoplia Miller Rhamnaceae Meliola zizyphi Hansf. & Thirum. Anilkumar et al. (2014)

241 Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Rhamnaceae Meliola ziziphi Hansf. & Thirum. Ranjith & Mohanan (2013)

Threatened Taxa

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479 11479 OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

March 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 3 | Pages: 11361–11494 Date of Publicaton: 26 March 2018 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2018.10.3.11361-11494

Communicatons Short Communicatons

The status of Nepal’s mammals A Babbler’s tale: assessing the distributon of Turdoides striata -- Rajan Amin, Hem Sagar Baral, Babu Ram Lamichhane, Laxman Prasad (Dumont, 1823) (Aves: Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae) in India Poudyal, Samantha Lee, Shant Raj Jnawali, Krishna Prasad Acharya, Gopal -- Nishikant Gupta & Gautam Talukdar, Pp. 11450–11453 Prasad Upadhyaya, Megh Bahadur Pandey, Rinjan Shrestha, Dipesh Joshi, Janine Grifths, Ambika Prasad Khatwada & Naresh Subedi, Extension in its distributon range and a new record for the cicada Pp. 11361–11378 genus Salvazana Distant, 1913 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cryptotympanii) from India The bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the United Arab Emirates: a -- Sudhanya Ray Hajong & Rodeson Thangkiew, Pp. 11454–11458 review of published records and museum specimens with conservaton notes Umbrella Starwort Stellaria umbellata Turcz. (Caryophyllaceae): a new -- J. Judas, Gabor Csorba & Petr Benda, Pp. 11379–11390 record to the fora of the western Himalaya, India -- Satsh Chandra & D.S. Rawat, Pp. 11459–11463 Investgatng Sri Lanka’s human-monkey confict and developing a strategy to mitgate the problem First record of fungus Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin -- Surendranie Judith Cabral, Tharaka Prasad, Thulmini Pubudika (Physalacriaceae: Agaricales: Basidiomycota) from India Deeyagoda, Sanjaya Nuwan Weerakkody, Ashwika Nadarajah & -- Arun Kumar Duta & Krishnendu Acharya, Pp. 11464–11469 Rasanayagam Rudran, Pp. 11391–11398 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, A checklist of bird communites In Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary, the Kerala, India northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India -- A. Sabeena, V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan, Pp. 11470–11479 -- Dhananjay Chavan Vinayak & Subhash Vithal Mali, Pp. 11399–11409

Spatal and temporal paterns of stork sightngs (Aves: Ciconiidae) in Notes Natonal Chambal Sanctuary of Gangetc River system -- R.K. Sharma & L.A.K. Singh, Pp. 11410–11415 Pternopetalum latpinnulatum (Apiaceae), a new record for the fora of India The Red-headed Falcon Falco chicquera Daudin, 1800 (Aves: -- Licha Jeri, Nazir Ahmad Bhat & Yogendra Kumar, Pp. 11480–11483 Falconiformes: Falconidae) breeding on Palmyra Palm at Bahour Lake, Puducherry (Pondicherry), India Five new additons to the grass fora of Tripura State, India -- Raveendran Lekshmi & Surendhar Boobalan, Pp. 11416–11422 -- Sampa Ghosh & Debjyot Bhatacharyya, Pp. 11484–11492

Fish diversity and the conservaton status of a wetland of Cooch Behar District, West Bengal, India Response -- Ram Krishna Das, Pp. 11423–11431 A preliminary but incomplete checklist of Gujarat spiders Seasonal distributon and abundance of earthworms (Annelida: -- R.V. Vyas & B.M. Parasharya, Pp. 11493–11494 Oligochaeta) in relaton to the edaphic factors around Udupi Power Corporaton Limited (UPCL), Udupi District, southwestern coast of India -- T.S. Harish Kumar, M. Siddaraju, C.H. Krishna Bhat & K.S. Sreepada, Pp. Miscellaneous 11432–11442 Natonal Biodiversity Authority Breeding behaviour of the Coromandel Marsh Dart Damselfy (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae: Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius)) in central India Nilesh R. Thaokar, Payal R. Verma & Raymond J. Andrew, Pp. 11443– 11449

Threatened Taxa