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Foliicolous Fungi on Medicinal Plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India

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Foliicolous Fungi on Medicinal Plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India A. Sabeena, V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan 26 March 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 3 | Pages: 11470–11479 10.11609/jot.3761.10.3.11470–11479 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Threatened Taxa Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in ThiruvananthapuramJournal of Threatened District Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2018 | 10(3): 11470–11479Sabeena et al. Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1 2 3 Short Communication Short A. Sabeena , V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,3 Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695562, India OPEN ACCESS 2 Dr. V.B. Hosagoudar Bio Research Foundaton, Killa, Bilagi, Bagalkot District, Karnataka 587116, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected] Abstract: Thiruvananthapuram District harbours more than 1,000 fungi and its efect on fertlity have been systematcally medicinal plants of which 241 plants are hosts to foliicolous fungi and intensively carried out in some developed countries belonging to 76 families and 187 genera. These medicinal plants have been arranged alphabetcally, along with the fungi they host. This (Kirk et al. 2001), while sporadic work has been done in work has resulted in recording 253 fungal taxa, belonging to 44 genera India (Kushwaha 2004). of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfect. Keywords: Herbal drugs, leaf diseases, pathogenic fungi. Materials and Methods The foliicolous fungi mainly infect leaves, sof stems and tender shoots. Collecton of these fungi is much easier India harbours more than 18,000 fowering plants of than that of feshy fungi. While collectng the host plant which about 7,500 are being used by all the ethnic groups parts, feld notes were made regarding their pathogenic and ca. 400 are industrially viable in producing about efect on the host, nature of colonies, nature of infecton, 10,000 herbal drugs (Shankar et al. 1997; Dhar 2002). locality and alttude. For each collecton, a separate feld It has been notced and confrmed that the pathogenic number was given. In the feld, such infected plants were fungi play a vital role in bringing chemical changes among collected separately in polythene bags with the host plants in increasing the efcacy of medicinal plants; for twig, preferably with the reproductve parts to facilitate example, Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. is efectve the corresponding host identty. These infected plant in curing jaundice during the winter season, which is parts were pressed neatly and dried in-between blotng invariably infected with powdery mildew; smut-infected papers. Regular transfer of the collectons to the fresh cereal grains are taster than normal; and gall formed and dry bloters ensured the dryness of the collectons. rust on Acacia sp. is being eaten in Maharashtra. Certain Such materials were later used for microscopic study. pathogenic fungi e.g. Zhaghounia oleae is being used as Foliicolous fungi infect herbaceous plants to trees of 30– a medicine. Especially ‘ergotn’ obtained from Claviceps 40 m in height, sometmes only in the crown, which poses perpurea, a disease causatve organism of rye and all difculty in notcing the infecton and also in collecton. other members of the grasses. Studies on pathogenic In such cases, recently shed leaves were examined, DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3761.10.3.11470–11479 Editor: R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Insttute, Jabalpur, India. Date of publicaton: 26 March 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3761 | Received 28 August 2017 | Final received 19 February 2018 | Finally accepted 28 February 2018 Citaton: Sabeena, A., V.B. Hosagoudar & V. Divaharan (2018). Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(3): 11470–11479; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3761.10.3.11470–11479 Copyright: © Sabeena et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Thiruvananthapuram. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the help of Director and Scientsts of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for the encouragement. 11470 Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District Sabeena et al. collected, concerned trees were traced, and twig or the Aravind, A.P.A., K.R.T. Asha & K.B. Rameshkumar (2015). reproductve parts were collected for the host identty. Phytochemical analysis and antoxidant potental of the leaves of Garcinia travancorica Bedd., Natural Product Research: Formerly In case of ectophytc or superfcial fungi, scrapes were Natural Product Leters: htp://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.10 made directly from the infected host parts and mounted 43551 Binu, S. & T. S. Nayar (2005). Pitospoum neelgherense Wight & Arn.( in lactophenol (prepared according to Rangaswamy Pitosporaceae) in treatment of snake-bite. Economic Botany 59(3): 1975). A tnge of coton blue added to lactophenol 295 to stain hyaline fungi. Demataceous fungi were frst Binu, S., A.E. Shanavakhan, E.S. Santhoshkumar & P. Pushpangadan (2003). Plants Used as Medicine by the Irulas of Palaghat District, mounted in 10% KOH soluton and later transferred to Kerala, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 27(4): lactophenol. Both mountants work efciently and make 808–814. the septa visible. Identfcaton of the host plants were Dhar, U. (2002). Wild Plant Biodiversity: Thematc Biodiversity Strategy and Acton Plan. G.B. Pant Insttute of Himalayan stenosporavar. confrmed by matching with the materials deposited in major Environmental and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Botanical Survey of India. Afer confrming the identty Utaranchal, India, 238pp. of the fungus, they were kept in manifold or buter paper Gupta, A.K., M. Sharma & N. Tandon (2004). Indian Medicinal Plants. V4. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 577pp. folders. Later, these folders were placed in thick paper Gupta, A.K. & N. Tandon (2004). Indian Medicinal Plants. VI. Indian envelopes of convenient size with the name of the host, Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 543pp. locality, date of collecton, place of collecton, name of Kirk, P.M., P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & J.A. Stalpers (2001). Dictonary of the Fungi. Ninth Editon. CAB Internatonal, U.K. pp. 655. the collector with the feld number writen on the top Kirthikar, K.R. & B.D. Basu (2012). Indian Medicinal Plants X. Oriental corner. These envelopes were serially arranged in a rack, Enterprises, Dehra Dun. Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2004). Fungi in Human and Animal Health. Scientfic based on their collecton numbers. Fricton between the Publishers, Jodhpur, 476pp. envelope and the material was avoided to keep the fungal Nadnakunjidam, S. (2003). Ethnomedicinal Observatons from Atapai parts intact. These materials were deposited in TBGT Hills of Western Ghats. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 27(3): 732–740. (Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insttute, Palode) Nair, R., T. Kalariya & S. Chanda (2005). Antbacterial actvity of some and part of them was in the Natonal Fungal Herbarium selected Indian medicinal fora. Turk Journal of Biology 29: 41–47. HCIO, Division of Plant pathology, IARI, New Delhi. Nudrat, Z.S. & U. Mukundan (2005). Medicinal and Aromatc Plants of India Part - 1. Ukaaz Publicatons, 295pp. Radhakrishnan, K., A.G. Pandurangan & P. Pushpangadan (1996). Less Results and Discussion Known Ethnomedicinal Plants of Kerala State and Their Conservaton. Presently, we have been engaged in the study of Ethnobotany 8: 82–84. Rajasekharan, S. & P.G. Latha (2011). Traditonal and Folk Practces - foliicolous (leaf infectng) fungi on medicinal plants in Contemporary Relevance and Future Prospects. List of Medicinal Thiruvananthapuram District. Of the more than 1,000 Plants Mentoned in Hortus Malabaricus and their Curatve medicinal plants, 241 plants belonging to 76 families Propertes, 119 –170pp. Rao, M.R. (1914). Flowering Plants of Travancre. Government Press, and 187 genera have been infected with foliicolous Trivanrum. fungi. These medicinal
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