DOCSLIB.ORG

51041-002: Horticulture Value Chain Infrastructure Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
51041-002: Horticulture Value Chain Infrastructure Project Horticulture Value Chain Infrastructure Project (RRP UZB 51041) Initial Environmental Examination Project number: 51041-002 September 2018 Draft UZB: Horticulture Value Chain Infrastructure Project Andijan Agro-Logistic Center Prepared by the Rural Reconstruction Agency (RRA), Republic of Uzbekistan for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................ii GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................................... iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 7 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS ................. 8 2.1. Institutional set up of agriculture and environmental sectors ................................... 8 2.1.1. Institutional set up of agriculture sector ............................................................ 8 2.1.2. Institutional set up of environmental protection ................................................ 9 2.2. Policy and Legal Framework ................................................................................. 11 2.2.1. ADB Safeguards Policy .................................................................................. 11 2.2.2. National Environmental Regulatory Framework ............................................. 13 2.2.3. National EIA requirements ............................................................................. 15 2.2.4. International Environmental Legislation.......................................................... 21 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................ 22 3.1. Post-harvest and Processing Auxiliary Warehouses, both for export and for internal distribution and consumption ........................................................................................... 24 3.2. Railway Terminal/Dry Pot. Customs ...................................................................... 28 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 32 4.1. Climatic data ............................................................................................................ 33 4.2. Water recourses ................................................................................................... 38 4.3. Biological resources .............................................................................................. 41 4.4. Socio-economic conditions ................................................................................... 42 4.5. Cultural heritage ................................................................................................... 43 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............. 43 5.1. Pre-construction stage ............................................................................................. 45 5.2. Construction stage ................................................................................................... 49 5.3. Operational stage ..................................................................................................... 67 6. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ................ 73 7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS ........................................................................ 75 7.1. Objectives ............................................................................................................. 75 7.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................ 76 7.3. GRM Records and Documentation ....................................................................... 77 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................... 78 8.1. Environmental Mitigation measures ...................................................................... 79 8.2. Environmental Monitoring ..................................................................................... 91 8.3 Reporting .............................................................................................................. 96 8.4. Implementation arrangements .............................................................................. 96 8.4.1 Institutional arrangements EMP implementation ............................................ 96 8.4.2 Capacity building activity ................................................................................ 98 8.4.3 Cost estimation for EMP implementation ....................................................... 99 9. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 101 10. ATTACHMENTS ......................................................................................................... 102 Attachment 1. Air Measurements Results ......................................................................... 102 Attachment 2. Noise measurements Results and photos .................................................. 104 Attachment 3. Water Measurements Results .................................................................... 112 Attachment 4: Prohibited Investment Activities List ........................................................... 114 Attachment 5. Public Consultation ..................................................................................... 115 i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ALC - Agro-logistic center ECC - education and communication campaign EHS - environmental, health, and safety EIA - environment impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan EMR - environmental monitoring report EO - environmental officer ES - environmental specialist GDP - gross domestic product GRM - grievance redress mechanism HTC - hydrothermal coefficient ICWC - Interstate Commission for Water Coordination IEE - initial environmental examination IFC - International Finance Institute LARP - land acquisition resettlement plan MAC - maximum allowable concentrations MAD - maximum allowed discharges MAWR - Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources MoH - Ministry of Health MFT - Ministry of Foregin Trade OHS Plan - occupational health and safety plan PC - public consultation PCB - polychlorinated biphenyl PMC - project management consultant PMO - project management organization PPE - personal protection equipment PSC - project management and supervision consultant RCA - rural citizen Assembly RCM - Resolution of Cabinet of Ministry RRA - Rural Reconstruction Agency RUz - Republic of Uzbekistan SCEEP - State Committee on Ecology and Environment Protection SEE - State Environment Expertise SEMP - site environmental management plans SNR - sanitarian norms and rules SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement SSEMP - site-specific environmental management plans STD - sexually communicable diseases SWMP - special waste management plan UHF - Uzbek Food Holding US - United State UZB - Uzbekistan ii GLOSSARY Glavgosexpertisa State Department responsible for Conducting Environmental Expertise Under SNPC Khokim Governor of administrative unit Khokimiyat Regional government authority KMK National acronym for Construction norms and regulations Makhalla A community of neighbors, which is based on full independence and self-governance. OVOS National acronym for EIA assessment process PZVOS National acronym for Concept Statement on Environmental Impact SanR&N Sanitary - epidemiological norms and regulations Som Local currency SNiP Set of basic regulatory requirements and regulations governing the design and construction in all sectors of national economy of Uzbekistan Uzbekenergo Managerial body in the electric power and coal industries, which are major structural components of the national economy Uzhydromet State governing body specially authorized for the solution of tasks in the field of hydrometeorology in the Republic of Uzbekistan and in its activities, it is accountable to Cabinet of Ministers ZVOS National acronym for Statement on Environmental impact ZEP National acronym for Statement on Environmental Consequences NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed project will finance the establishment of agro-logistics centers (ALCs), initially for horticulture, in two provinces - Andijan and Samarqand - taking into account international best iii practices. Such infrastructure will provide all necessary facilities and services under one roof: storage, auction, food safety certification, customs clearance, quarantine, transport, shipping, expert market advice, trade finance and commercial banking etc. Significantly larger volumes of products with improved
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Free Movement and Affordable Housing
    Policy Research Working Paper 9107 Public Disclosure Authorized Free Movement and Affordable Housing Public Preferences for Reform in Uzbekistan Public Disclosure Authorized William Seitz Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Poverty and Equity Global Practice January 2020 Policy Research Working Paper 9107 Abstract Uzbekistan has one of the lowest rates of internal migration The results show that about 90 percent of people support in the world, leading to persistent economic imbalances. lifting all registration restrictions and over 80 percent favor Drawing from a unique monthly panel survey called Listen- increasing urban housing construction. The results of the ing to the Citizens of Uzbekistan and a survey experiment, experiment show that reform popularity increases when this paper focuses on two factors that prevent domestic propiska rules and housing costs are referenced in randomly mobility: (i) restrictive propiska registration policies, and assigned vignettes. However, views may also be sensitive (ii) the exceptionally high cost of urban housing. Registra- to perceptions of fairness. Recent high-profile involun- tion rules prohibit migration to urban centers, and urban tary demolitions coincided with a doubling of the share housing costs push up the cost of living to as much as 550 responding that policies are unfair. The increase was fur- percent of the national average, levels severely unaffordable ther associated with declining optimism and lower support for almost all rural residents. But the proposed government for the wider government national development program, reforms in 2019 to address these challenges are very popular. beyond urbanization issues. This paper is a product of the Poverty and Equity Global Practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Delivery Destinations
    Delivery Destinations 50 - 2,000 kg 2,001 - 3,000 kg 3,001 - 10,000 kg 10,000 - 24,000 kg over 24,000 kg (vol. 1 - 12 m3) (vol. 12 - 16 m3) (vol. 16 - 33 m3) (vol. 33 - 82 m3) (vol. 83 m3 and above) District Province/States Andijan region Andijan district Andijan region Asaka district Andijan region Balikchi district Andijan region Bulokboshi district Andijan region Buz district Andijan region Djalakuduk district Andijan region Izoboksan district Andijan region Korasuv city Andijan region Markhamat district Andijan region Oltinkul district Andijan region Pakhtaobod district Andijan region Khdjaobod district Andijan region Ulugnor district Andijan region Shakhrikhon district Andijan region Kurgontepa district Andijan region Andijan City Andijan region Khanabad City Bukhara region Bukhara district Bukhara region Vobkent district Bukhara region Jandar district Bukhara region Kagan district Bukhara region Olot district Bukhara region Peshkul district Bukhara region Romitan district Bukhara region Shofirkhon district Bukhara region Qoraqul district Bukhara region Gijduvan district Bukhara region Qoravul bazar district Bukhara region Kagan City Bukhara region Bukhara City Jizzakh region Arnasoy district Jizzakh region Bakhmal district Jizzakh region Galloaral district Jizzakh region Sh. Rashidov district Jizzakh region Dostlik district Jizzakh region Zomin district Jizzakh region Mirzachul district Jizzakh region Zafarabad district Jizzakh region Pakhtakor district Jizzakh region Forish district Jizzakh region Yangiabad district Jizzakh region
    [Show full text]
  • “Tashkent's Reforms Have Not
    “TASHKENT’S REFORMS HAVE NOT YET REACHED US” UNFINISHED WORK IN THE FIGHT AGAINST FORCED LABOR IN UZBEKISTAN’S 2019 COTTON HARVEST “TASHKENT’S REFORMS HAVE NOT YET REACHED US” UNFINISHED WORK IN THE FIGHT AGAINST FORCED LABOR IN UZBEKISTAN’S 2019 COTTON HARVEST 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 KEY FINDINGS FROM THE 2019 HARVEST 6 METHODOLOGY 8 TABLE 1: PARTICIPATION IN THE COTTON HARVEST 10 POSITIVE TRENDS 12 FORCED LABOR LINKED TO GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND CONTROL 13 MAIN RECRUITMENT CHANNELS FOR COTTON PICKERS: 15 TABLE 2: PERCEPTION OF PENALTY FOR REFUSING TO PICK COTTON ACCORDING TO WHO RECRUITED RESPONDENTS 16 TABLE 3: WORKING CONDITIONS FOR PICKERS ACCORDING TO HOW THEY WERE RECRUITED TO PICK COTTON 16 TABLE 4: PERCEPTION OF COERCION BY RECRUITMENT METHODS 17 LACK OF FAIR AND EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURAL LABOR SHORTAGES 18 STRUCTURAL LABOR SHORTAGES 18 LACK OF FAIR AND EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT SYSTEMS 18 FORCED LABOR MOBILIZATION 21 1. ABILITY TO REFUSE TO PICK COTTON 21 TABLE 5: ABILITY TO REFUSE TO PICK COTTON 21 TABLE 6: RESPONDENTS’ ABILITY TO REFUSE TO PICK COTTON ACCORDING TO HOW THEY WERE RECRUITED 22 2. MENACE OF PENALTY 22 TABLE 7: PENALTIES FOR REFUSAL 22 TABLE 8: PERCEIVED PENALTIES FOR REFUSAL TO PICK COTTON BY PROFESSION 23 3. REPLACEMENT FEES/EXTORTION 23 TABLE 9: FEES TO AVOID COTTON PICKING 23 CHART 1: PAYMENT OF FEES BY REGION 24 OFFICIALS FORCIBLY MOBILIZED LABOR FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE HARVEST TO MEET LABOR SHORTAGES 24 LAW ENFORCEMENT, MILITARY, AND EMERGENCIES PERSONNEL 24 PUBLIC UTILITIES
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing the Uzbek State
    Constructing the Uzbek State 17_575_Laruelle.indb 1 11/14/17 2:00 PM CONTEMPORARY CENTRAL ASIA: SOCIETIES, POLITICS, AND CULTURES Series Editor Marlene Laruelle, George Washington University At the crossroads of Russia, China, and the Islamic world, Central Asia re- mains one of the world’s least-understood regions, despite being a significant theater for muscle-flexing by the great powers and regional players. This series, in conjunction with George Washington University’s Central Asia Program, offers insight into Central Asia by providing readers unique access to state-of-the-art knowledge on the region. Going beyond the media clichés, the series inscribes the study of Central Asia into the social sciences and hopes to fill the dearth of works on the region for both scholarly knowledge and undergraduate and graduate student education. Titles in Series Afghanistan and Its Neighbors after the NATO Withdrawal, edited by Amin Saikal and Kirill Nourzhanov Integration in Energy and Transport: Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey, by Alexandros Petersen Kazakhstan in the Making: Legitimacy, Symbols, and Social Changes, edited by Marlene Laruelle The Origins of the Civil War in Tajikistan: “For the Soul, Blood, Homeland, and Honor,” by Tim Epkenhans Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature: Elites and Narratives, by Diana T. Kudaibergenova The Central Asia–Afghanistan Relationship: From Soviet Intervention to the Silk Road Initiatives, edited by Marlene Laruelle Eurasia’s Shifting Geopolitical Tectonic Plates: Global Perspective, Local Theaters,
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Linkages Plus Project (Alp Uzbekistan)
    AGRICULTURAL LINKAGES PLUS PROJECT (ALP UZBEKISTAN) QUARTERLY REPORT (Q2 FY 2013) JANUARY 2013 – MARCH 2013 APRIL 2013 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI. AGRICULTURAL LINKAGES PLUS PROJECT (ALP) Q2 FY 2013 QUARTERLY REPORT JANUARY 2013 – MARCH 2013 AgLinks Uzbekistan 12 Afrosiab Street – 3rd Floor Tashkent, Uzbekistan Telephone: (998) (71) 252-5414 Fax: (998) (71) 252-6756 For the U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RAISE Plus IQC Contract No. EDH-I-00-05-00004-00 Task Order No. AID-176-TO-11-00002-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms A. BACKGROUND A.1. Project goals and objectives A.2. Project components A.3 Geographic and commodity focus A.4. Administrative B. PROJECT ACTIVITIES UNDER COMPONENTS B.1. Component 1: Improving Farm Level Productivity B.2. Component 2: Public and Private Sector Service Support B.3. Component 3: Agro-Processing and Exports B.4. Component 4: Training and Human Resource Development (HRD) C. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE C.1. Monitoring C.2. Mitigation C.3. Issue(s) D. FINANCE D.1. Disbursements D.2. Issue(s) Annex A Monthly Report – January 2013 Monthly Report – February 2013 3 ACRONYMS ALP Agricultural Linkages Plus project CAR Central Asian Republics CE Categorical Exclusion DAI Development Alternative Inc. DPP Dynamic Planning Process EU European Union FY Fiscal Year ha hectare (10,000 square meters, 100 meters by 100 meters, 2.47 acres) MAWR Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Uzbekistan M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MOU Memorandum of Understanding PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safe Use Action Plan SME Small and Medium size Enterprises TA Technical Assistance TCN Third Country National USAID US Agency for International Development WUA Water User’s Association WUASP Water User’s Association Support Project 4 This report covers the second quarter (January, February, March 2013) of activities of the AgLinks Plus (ALP) Project in Uzbekistan in fiscal year (FY) 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Horticulture Value Chain Infrastructure Project (RRP UZB 51041)
    Horticulture Value Chain Infrastructure Project (RRP UZB 51041) Supplementary Document 15: Detailed Sector Assessment – Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT PROVINCES 3 A. Agro-ecological features .................................................................................................... 3 B. Climatic features of Andija Province .................................................................................. 5 C. Climatic features of Samarkand Province .......................................................................... 6 3. ORGANIZATION OF THE HORTICULTURE MARKET SECTOR 7 A. The Current Market institutions .......................................................................................... 7 1. Market Institution at National Level .................................................................................... 7 2. Market Institution at Provincial Level ............................................................................... 12 3. Market Institution at Municipal Level ................................................................................ 13 B. Stakeholders at Large ...................................................................................................... 13 C. Other Stakeholders .......................................................................................................... 14 4. KEY HORTICULTURE PRODUCTS 15 5. SECTOR PERFORMANCE 16 A. Crop Areas ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Districts of Uzbekistan
    Karakalpakstan SNo District name District capital 1 Amudaryo District Mang'it 2 Beruniy District Beruniy 3 Chimboy District Chimboy 4 Ellikqala District Bo'ston 5 Kegeyli District* Kegeyli 6 Mo'ynoq District Mo'ynoq 7 Nukus District Oqmang'it 8 Qonliko'l District Qanliko'l 9 Qo'ng'irot District Qo'ng'irot 10 Qorao'zak District Qorao'zak 11 Shumanay District Shumanay 12 Taxtako'pir District Taxtako'pir 13 To'rtko'l District To'rtko'l 14 Xo'jayli District Xo'jayli Xorazm SNo District name District capital 1 Bog'ot District Bog'ot 2 Gurlen District Gurlen 3 Xonqa District Xonqa 4 Xazorasp District Xazorasp 5 Khiva District Khiva 6 Qo'shko'pir District Qo'shko'pir 7 Shovot District Shovot 8 Urganch District Qorovul 9 Yangiariq District Yangiariq 10 Yangibozor District Yangibozor Navoiy SNo District name District capital 1 Kanimekh District Kanimekh 2 Karmana District Navoiy 3 Kyzyltepa District Kyzyltepa 4 Khatyrchi District Yangirabad 5 Navbakhor District Beshrabot 6 Nurata District Nurata 7 Tamdy District Tamdibulok 8 Uchkuduk District Uchkuduk Bukhara SNo District name District capital 1 Alat District Alat 2 Bukhara District Galaasiya 3 Gijduvan District Gijduvan 4 Jondor District Jondor 5 Kagan District Kagan 6 Karakul District Qorako'l 7 Karaulbazar District Karaulbazar 8 Peshku District Yangibazar 9 Romitan District Romitan 10 Shafirkan District Shafirkan 11 Vabkent District Vabkent Samarqand SNo District name District capital 1 Bulungur District Bulungur 2 Ishtikhon District Ishtikhon 3 Jomboy District Jomboy 4 Kattakurgan District
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT Improving City Infrastructure
    REPORT Improving City Infrastructure Management in Uzbekistan: Problems and Search for New Mechanisms and Instruments Tashkent-2011 1 2 Working group members: Research coordinator: Bakhtiyor Ergashev Team leader: Abdulla Khashimov National consultants: Oybek Rustamov Ekaterina Royka Bahtbek Sugirbaev Tashmukhamed Satiboldiev Zulfiya Davidova International experts: Ivan Safranchuk Lilit Melikyan This report reflects opinions and views of the working group, which may not coincide with the official point of Center for Economic Research, ESCAP and UNDP. © Center for Economic Research, 2011 All copyrights belong to the Center for Economic Research and United Nations Development Programme. Any presentation of this report or use of its parts can only be done with the written permission; reference to the source is a must. With regard to the questions about copying, translation or acquisition of the printed versions, please refer to the following address: Center for Economic Research, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100070, Shota Rustaveli Str., alley 1, building 5. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................. 10 1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Religious Practices in Uzbekistan
    A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details ! ! Women and religious practices in! Uzbekistan:! ! Transformation and changes in the capital of ! Uzbekistan ! in the light of the post-Soviet period! ! ! ! ! ! Matluba Anvar Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology The School of Global Studies University of Sussex June 2015 ! !1 ! ! ! DECLARATION! I, Matluba Anvar, hereby declare that: This thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another univer- sity for the award of any other degree. ! ! ! ! Signed ____________________ Date ! !2 ABSTRACT! This thesis is an anthropological study of Uzbek women’s everyday life and religious rituals, focusing on the experience and transformation of women’s religious and ritual lives in the capital Tashkent, after Soviet rule lasting seventy-three years ended in 1991. The research was conducted over four years, covering English, Russian, and Uzbek lan- guage literature, periodical press, archive materials, and oral histories of women who experienced the challenges of the Soviet system and the social changes of the period since independence in 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT of the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman) for 2006
    REPORT of the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman) for 2006 Tashkent – 2007 2 CONTENTS of the Report of the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman) for 2006 pages Introduction 3 – 4 I. Improvement of the Human Rights Legislation of Uzbekistan and Monitoring of its Enforcement 4 – 12 II. Practices of Reviewing Individual Complaints and Redressing their 12 – 38 Violated Rights and Liberties III. Performance of Ombudswoman’s Regional Representatives 38 – 45 IV. Cooperation with Government Institutions and Public Sector 45 – 48 V. Information and Awareness-raising Activities 48 – 52 VI. International Human Rights Cooperation 52 - 59 Conclusion 59 -60 Annexes 61 - 69 © Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman), 2007. 3 Introduction Past Year 2006 was an intensive and event-rich year in the life of our country. Democratic course of development of our nation was reflected in the positive shifts in the judicial and legal reforms, which translated into enhanced role, independence and specialization of the courts, development of civil society spurred by the increasing public and political engagement of citizens, more robust involvement of political parties in nation-building, and advancing multilateral international cooperation featuring active economic contacts and humanitarian relations. New initiatives by Mr. Islam Karimov, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to advance the profile of political parties reflected new facets of the concept of democratization and public renewal, and ultimate objectives of reforming and modernizing the nation in the long-run have reaffirmed Uzbekistan’s commitment to the welfare-oriented model of its development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Dracocephalum L. in the Phytogeographical Regions of Uzbekistan
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2019, 10, 1527-1535 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 The Genus Dracocephalum L. in the Phytogeographical Regions of Uzbekistan Nilufar S. Abdullaeva1, Olimjon K. Khodzhimatov2, Dilnoz E. Azimova1 1Djizak State Pedagogical Institute, Djizak, Uzbekistan 2Institute of Botany Academy Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan How to cite this paper: Abdullaeva, N.S., Abstract Khodzhimatov, O.K. and Azimova, D.E. (2019) The Genus Dracocephalum L. in the The article provides an analysis of the distribution of fourteen species be- Phytogeographical Regions of Uzbekistan. longing to seven sections of the genus Dracocephalum in the phytogeograph- American Journal of Plant Sciences, 10, ical regions of Uzbekistan. 1527-1535. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.109108 Keywords Received: July 29, 2019 Accepted: September 7, 2019 Dracocephalum, Flora, Uzbekistan, Distribution, Phytogeographical Regions Published: September 10, 2019 Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 1. Introduction This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Dracocephalum L. is the second largest genus in the subtribe Nepetinae, tribe License (CC BY 4.0). Mentheae of Lamiaceae family [1] because it is one of the largest and most com- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ plex genera of flowering plants. The genus is primarily of the Old World and Open Access consists of 71 species worldwide, of which 69 species are native to Eurasia [2] [3] [4] and North Africa and North America have one species each. The centre of distribution is presumably the alpine steppes of the Pamir Altay and Tian-Shan [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient Water Allocation and Water Conservation Policy Modeling in the Aral Sea Basin
    ZENTRUM FÜR ENTWICKLUNGSFORSCHUNG - RHEINISCHE FRIEDRICH-WILHELMS-UNIVERSITÄT BONN Efficient Water Allocation and Water Conservation Policy Modeling in the Aral Sea Basin Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr.agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt am 31.10.2013 von Maksud Bahodirovich Bekchanov aus Khorezm (Usbekistan) Referent: Prof. Dr. Joachim von Braun Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Thomas Heckelei Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 26.03.2014 Erscheinungsjahr: 2014 Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. 1 EFFICIENT WATER ALLOCATION AND WATER CONSERVATION POLICY MODELING IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN ABSTRACT Increasing water demand challenges policy makers to implement in-time and effective water management measures to mitigate both the on-going and upcoming water crisis in the Aral Sea basin (ASB) of Central Asia. The shrinkage of the Aral Sea due to the rapid expansion of irrigated agriculture along the two main rivers of the basin – the Amu Darya and Syr Darya – which accompanied by water overuse is at the core of the all water related problems. Various hypothetical “solutions”, including massive inter-basin water transfers, have been considered to ease the water challenge. Yet, given the enormous conveyance and water application losses in the irrigation system combined with ineffective coordination of the basin resources among the riparian countries in both the Amu and Syr Darya basins, increasing the efficiency of using internal water resources is more technically and financially feasible option. Furthermore, water management measures must address the root causes of water scarcity and ecological deterioration rather than attempting to deal with the consequences of the problem only.
    [Show full text]