The Politeness Comments on the Indonesian President Jokowi

Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s 52 President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education

http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/ijolae

The Politeness Comments on The Indonesian President Jokowi Instagram Official Account Viewed From Politico Pragmatics and The Character Education Orientation in The Disruption Era

Harun Joko Prayitno1, Hari Kusmanto2, Yakub Nasucha3, Laili Etika Rahmawati4, Norliza Jamaluddin5, Samsuddin6, Awla Akbar Ilma7 1,2,3,4Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, In- donesia 5Faculty of Language and Communication, UPSI, Malaysia 6Faculty of Social and Humanitarian, UPSI, Malaysia 7Faculty of Arts and Humanitiez, Suez Canal University, Egypt

DOI: 10.23917/ijolae.v1i2.8785 Received: September 7th, 2019. Revised: September 25th, 2019. Accepted: September 30th , 2019 Available Online: September 30th, 2019. Published Regulary: Juli 1st, 2019 Abstract Politeness of expression and character education are both crucial aspects and related to Indonesian education. In the context of communication where the advancement of the internet and technology has now made communication without limit, a new problem arises. The social media, e.g. Instagram, gives space to their users to be more open in expressing his ideas and political opinions. This study aims to identify the forms of positive politeness acts of followers' comments on President Jokowi's official Instagram account and describe the intent of politico pragmatic power of positive politeness of followers of Jokowi's Instagram accounts. The data source of this study was the speech of followers on the official Instagram account of Indonesian President Jokowi #MenujuIndonesiaMaju managed by the President's Digital Communication Team for the period October-November 2018. The study data were in the form of comments from Jokowi's Instagram account followers who had positive politico pragmatic politeness. The data collection technique was carried out using documentation, note-taking techniques, and continued with heuristic listening techniques. Data analysis was performed with an intralingual equivalent technique which was strengthened by an extra lingual equivalent and sharpened with Levinson's politeness analysis technique based on the principle of harmony in Javanese culture. The results of the study showed that the form of positive politeness acts that were most used by followers was by giving attention to the speech partners. Political propaganda power of dominant followers’ comments was in the form of the power to ask and support rather than the power of praise, the power of influence, the power of motivation, and the power of suggestion. It shows that Instagram account followers have an optimistic attitude towards Jokowi's leadership. Jokowi's managerial, and leadership performance has a positive face among followers. The ability to praise, motivate, and advise is an essential component in the formation of children's character education in the disruptive era in education.

Keywords: political comments, positive politeness, language act, character education, disruption era. Corresponding Author: Harun Joko Prayitno, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia, email: [email protected]

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 53 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era 1. Introduction Politeness in language act needs special run smoothly. It is as stated by Tamrin attention from and given examples by teach- (2014) politeness is an effective communica- ers, lecturers, and the community in general. tion strategy to avoid conflict between indi- Politeness is not only related to language; viduals in a communication. politeness is also related to politics (polite- Positive politeness acts can be realized ness in politics). If the politeness matter is in several forms. Brown and Levinson (in watched out for, it is not impossible, and Fauziati, 2016) mentions that there are fif- there will be a shift and even a deficit. teen positive forms of politeness which in- Politeness matter of language usage at clude: (1) paying attention to the wishes, this time is very terrible. It is seen based on likes, and needs of the speech partner; (2) some previous research findings which state giving attention; approval, and sympathy of that there has been a use of impolite lan- speech partners; (3) intensifying the attention guage. The following forms of impoliteness of the speaker by dramatizing events and in language: ridicule and use of harsh words facts; (4) using identity markers; (5) seeking (Mansor et al. 2014); direct criticism, spread approval; (6) avoiding disagreements with hatred, and attack the personality of others the speech partner; (7) shows similarities (Kusno & Rahman, 2016); shifts and deficits with speech partners (8) using jokes in com- in the politeness of language usage in stu- munication; (9) shows understanding with dents (Noor & Prayitno, 2016); and the use speech partners when communicating; (10) of dysphemia on social media (Ulum & showing an optimistic attitude; (11) involv- Kusmanto, 2018). ing speech partners in speech activities; (12) The country's official Instagram account, asking questions or asking for reasons; (13) Jokowi, is one of the social media accounts offering or promising; (14) stating reciprocal that have the most followers. Jokowi's Insta- relations; and (15) giving a gift. gram account has 17.7 million followers. Politeness, according to Brown and Lev- The politeness strategy dialectics in com- inson (in Leech, 2014) is an effort to keep menting on Jokowi's Instagram account is the face of the other person. It means that interesting to be studied. How the politeness more speakers appreciate the speech partner strategy used by followers in commenting is the more it shows her polite personality interesting to study the positive politeness (Fitriani, 2015). An act of politeness in values and the formation of children's char- communication is not only seen from the acter education. Children's character educa- selection of diction. It means that the context tion is an important aspect in the develop- of a speech in communication plays an es- ment of a nation (Aisyah, 2014; Koussouhon sential role in understanding language (Su- & Dossoumou, 2015; Zurqoni, Retnawati, karno, 2015). There are several aspects de- Apino, & Anazifa, 2019). termine an act of communication which can Acts of politeness in the language is a be said politely, namely age, social distance, communication behavior that must pay atten- situation, time, place, and purpose in com- tion to ethics. Ethics or manners in commu- munication acts (Jahdiah, 2018; Najeeb, Ma- nication must connect power and meaning ros, & Nor, 2012; H. K. Tan, Teoh, & Tan, (Kusno dan Rahman, 2016). Speech partici- 2016). pants' compliance with communication eth- Politico pragmatic power is the meaning ics can make harmonious speech relations or that is implied behind an utterance, which

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s 54 President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era can move someone to do something that is dren's character education is still in the pro- meant in the implied meaning. Yuliana et al. cess of growth and development in the era of (2013) state power include meaning and se- disruption of education as it is today. An era mantically, power at the same time can be of global computing that the aspects, pro- derived from meaning. Politico pragmatic cesses, and outcomes of education are chang- power cannot be interpreted based on the ing very quickly. Therefore, the results and rules of grammar but through the principle of discussion of this study would focus on how cooperation. Through the study of the princi- a positive politeness manifestation of follow- ple of cooperation, a new interpretation was ers comments on Jokowi's Instagram ac- found which obeys the principle of coopera- count; and how the politico pragmatics pow- tion and thus is referred to as a politico er of the positive politeness comments of pragmatic power. Jokowi's Instagram account followers in the The use of language is essentially a rep- perspective of identity formation and charac- resentation of the personality of the speaker. ter education of children in the era of disrup- As stated by Leech (2014) assumes that tion of education. meaning can be portrayed through semantic representation in a language, whereas power 2. Method is given through implicature. Furthermore, The main approach developed in this indirect illocutionary power is sufficiently study is in the form of qualitative (Tojo & expressed through implicature. Implicatures Takagi, 2017; Zurqoni et al., 2019). The are statements that refer to the speaker's qualitative approach in this study is to mental state. In simple terms, it can be said produce a theoretical generalization in the that politico pragmatic power is the intention political comments on Jokowi's Instagram to be conveyed by speakers of a language. account. By following the qualitative study Pragmatic studies and political discourse method used in this study, the data in this have been separated so far, so there is a need study were in the form of comments that for integration called politico pragmatic stud- have a politeness value on Jokowi's ies. Politico pragmatic study is the study of Instagram account. The data source in this language in political discourse. It is as stated study was in the form of followers' by Prayitno (2015) linguistic studies that comments in Jokowi's Instagram account base on political messages to be used as po- from October to November 2018. Language litical studies through politico pragmatics. It use became an important contribution to the shows that pragmatic studies have explored successful campaign in the Indonesian indefinitely in the communication and com- presidential election in the 2019-2024 puting industry 4.0 era at this time (Prayitno period. The collection technique was done by et al. 2018). The phenomenon of language using the documentation method and referred use containing politico pragmatic intent on to the note-taking technique. The document Instagram accounts which has now become referred to in this study was in the form of an inseparable part of the child's living envi- Jokowi's Instagram account followers’ ronment is an important issue in the for- comments. The method in this study was mation of children's character education in done by scrutinizing, which was scrutinized schools. to the comments on Jokowi's Instagram The problem is how the realization of account followers' comments. Furthermore, positive politeness in the formation of chil- after the data were obtained through

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 55 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era listening, the data were recorded on the data of positive politeness of followers' comments card according to the politeness strategy of on Jokowi's Instagram account on the per- commenting. The data analysis technique in spective of identity formation and children's this study used the intralingual equivalent character education in the era of educational method which was strengthened by the extra disruption. lingual equivalent technique (Cisco, 2016; 1. Form of Positive Politeness Mahsun, 2014). The intralingual equivalent The positive politeness forms used by method in this study was used to identify the Jokowi's Instagram followers can be grouped politeness strategy of commenting on into seven forms. The seven forms are (a) Jokowi's Instagram account. The extra giving attention and sympathy; (b) showing lingual equivalent method in this study was optimism; (c) using identity tags; (d) asking done by identifying the politeness of questions (e) involving speakers in speech politeness and positive politeness contained activities; (f) making promises; and (g) using in Jokowi's Instagram account comments in jokes. The realization of a positive form of the perspective of harmony in Javanese politeness, giving attention to leaders from culture. (Harun Joko Prayitno, Ngalim, the community to leaders is one of the best Sutopo, Rohmadi, & Yuniawan, 2018; H. K. ways of political communication. This find- Tan et al., 2016). ing shows that the form of attention is not 3. Result and Discussion only from the leader to people, but also to The results and discussion of the follow- embrace the two parties between the leader ing studies would focus on the embodiment and people (Adams, 2009; Darwis, Sciences, of positive politeness acts of followers' & Sumatra, 2013; Singh & Chakrabarti, comments on Jokowi's Instagram account 2017). This finding is illustrated in Figure 1. and the intention of politico-pragmatic power

Explanation: 1. give attention 5. involving speakers in speech activities 2. show optimism 6. give promises 3. use an identity marker 7. use jokes 4. asking questions Figure 1. Embodiment of Positive Politeness Acts of Jokowi’s Instagram Followers

Table 1. Politeness of Giving Attention to Speech Partners Form Context Meaning

[1] Pak Jokowi semoga menang, Jokowi posted a post regarding Giving attention to semoga semakin bisa memimpin the opening of the 2018 Asian speech partner negara, sehat selalu pak Para Games, at the Bung Karno (seliindira.g29_, 7-10-2018) Main Stadium with Bulan and archery athlete Abdul Hamid. Mr. Jokowi may win; hopefully he can lead the country, always healthy, Sir.

(seliindira.g29_, 7-10-2018)

Speech in data (1) is a political discourse nication is needed between the leaders and of leadership. The above statement was de- the people they lead. livered by the owner of the Instagram account seliindira.g29_ on Jokowi's post re- b. Demonstrating Optimism garding the opening of the 2018 Asian Para The form of positive politeness is then Games, at the Bung Karno Main Stadium carried out by showing confidence or opti- with Bulan and archery athlete Abdul Ha- mism to the speech partner. The speech part- mid. Speech Pak Jokowi semoga menang, ner in communication is happier with an op- semoga semakin bisa memimpin negara, timistic person than a pessimist. The follow- sehat selalu pak (Mr. Jokowi may win, hope- ing comment on Jokowi's Instagram account fully, he can lead this country, always shows an optimistic attitude. healthy, Sir) is a form of attention to Jokowi. The data narrative (2) below is a politi- It is as stated by Yayuk (2016) over-attention cal economic discourse. The owner delivers to speech partners as a politeness strategy the utterances of the puspita5296 Instagram saved the face of speech partners in the con- account who commented on Jokowi's post. text of this study is Jokowi. Through speech Baru presiden yang ini, Acts of politeness in political communi- memintarkan rakyat (Not until the current cation are important to build good leader- president, makes people smarter) shows an ship; besides that, good political communica- optimistic attitude to the stability of prices of tion is one of the success factors in leader- staples and food. ship. It is as stated by (Öztürk, Varoğlu, & Economic communication is an im- Varoğlu, 2017; Prasetyo, 2014) that in order portant thing for the development of eco- to achieve common goals between leaders nomic activities such as the industry. A per- and the community, good political commu- son working in the field of economics and business must have good communication

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 57 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era competencies; it is to support his success in course), must also use various types of the economic and business fields. It is as communication tools or media available to stated by Darwis et al. (2013). In the busi- deliver business messages to other parties in ness world, good communication, besides an effective and efficient way. having good communication skills (of

Table 2. Politeness of Demonstrating Optimism Form Context Meaning

[2] Baru presiden yang ini, Jokowi posted an activity every Show optimism to memintarkan rakyat. morning, which was monitoring speech partner (puspita5296, 19-10-2018) the development of prices of Not until the current president staples and food. smarting the people. (puspita5296, 19-10-2018) c. Using Greeting Identity Markers to build solidarity. The identity markers re- Pray ferred to in this study are in the form of The realization of positive politeness greetings, dialects, jargon, or slang. Follow- acts can be done by using identity markers. It ing are comments in Jokowi's Instagram ac- is as stated by H.K et al. (2014) group identi- count that uses identity markers. ty markers are used in communication to

Table 3. Politeness of Using Greeting Identity Markers to Pray Form Context Meaning

[3] Maju lagi pakdheku Jokowi Jokowi posted a post regarding Utilizing identity and saya selalu mendoakan bapak the opening of the 2018 Asian prayer for speech partner (renahhappy78_11-10-2018)” Para Games, at the Bung Karno Main Stadium with Bulan and Going forward again my uncle archery athlete Abdul Hamid. Jokowi, I always pray for you

(renahhappy78_11-10-2018)

The data narration (3) above is a politi- Pakdheku (my uncle) in Indonesian cal discourse of leadership. The utterances means uncle. The use of the word aims to are spoken by the renahhappy Instagram ac- show the closeness between the speaker and count user. The comment was given on the speech partner. It is as stated Jauhari dan Jokowi's post regarding the opening of the Susanto (2014) that the use of identity mark- 2018 Asian Para Games. Political communi- ers functions to express positive politeness. cation of leadership became important to In addition, the use of the word pakdheku shape Jokowi's image. Leiliyanti et al. (2017) can show politeness in language and shows a state that Jokowi's imaging model is com- good relationship between Jokowi and his munity-oriented, which always updates its people. It is as stated by Sukarno (2018) that face with personal characteristics, is not cen- the purpose of the politeness act in a lan- tralized, and uses our pronouns, and places guage is basically to save or protect the face, the public as active participants. which in turn can produce good communica-

Table 4. Politeness of Giving Questions to Convince Form Context Meaning

[4] Gimana pak masalah banser Jokowi uploaded a post about Utilizing questions to yang membakar bendera his activities in Vastenburg Fort convince speech partner tauhid”? Solo to commemorate the Santri (Indraprasethio, 22-10-2018)” (religious person, students of Islam) Day as a form of respect, How is the problem with the appreciation, and gratitude for banser who burns the the kiai and religious scholars. monotheism flag, Sir?

(Indraprasethio, 22-10-2018)”

Speech in data (4) above is a religious- Involving speakers and speech partners political discourse. The speech was delivered in speech activities is a form of positive po- by the owner of the Indraprasethio Instagram liteness. The involvement of the speech part- account to ask about the case of burning the ners in the act of communication can be done monotheism flag. Speech Gimana pak masa- by using markers as we say. (Jauhari, 2018) lah banser yang membakar bendera tauhid states that the use of our words in the act of (How is the problem with the banser who communication has an effect or politeness. burned the monotheism flag, Sir?) shows a Following are comments in Jokowi's Insta- form of positive politeness, through these gram account involving speech partners in questions. It shows the speaker is paying communication. attention to what the partner said. Religious The data narration (5) below is a healthy politics is vital to increase public trust. Ab- political discourse. The speech was delivered dullah (2017) states the use of the internet as by the owner of the Instagram account didi- a medium of religious communication is a journal who commented on Jokowi's post. sign of the importance of communication. The use of the word Kita (We) in data (5) is The implication in the public sphere is to a form of positive politeness by involving change public awareness of the relationship speech partners in communication activities. of religion with humans and to place religion Courtesy action in the health sector is as an object of questionable validity. Build- important for the success of health programs. ing the image of religious institutions needs It is as expressed by Riauan dan Shasrini polite communication, both polite and reli- (2017) one of the supporting factors that can gious. improve the image of health services is ther- apeutic communication. Setijowati (2018) e. Involving the speech partner in the Indonesian people, especially women who victory prayer activity

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 59 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era experience the most health cases, but they information relating to health. One of them is are far from the information. Therefore, it is by using polite language. necessary to have a strategy in presenting

Table 5. Politeness of Involving the speech partner in the victory prayer activity Form Context Meaning

[5] Jaga kesehatan ya pak, dan kita Jokowi uploaded his meeting Involving speech partner sebagai rakyat Indonesia, tak with world leaders in Bali, one in prayer for victory henti mendoakan korban gempa of whom was the UN secretary- dan Indonesia, dan tak lupa kami general Antonio Gutteres. menyelipkan doa agar bapak diberikan kesehatan dan kekuatan. (didijournal, 19-10-2018) Take care of your health, sir, and we as the people of Indonesia, endlessly pray for the victims of the earthquake and Indonesia, and do not forget we put in a prayer for your health and strength. f. Giving Promises to the Leadership ny and increases solidarity with the speech Victory partners. One form of positive politeness is Communication that has certainty makes by giving a promise of certainty to the the speech partner feel satisfied. Satisfaction speech partners. Following is a comment on is because communication goals can be Jokowi's Instagram account that gives prom- achieved. Aziz (2017) discloses that the ises. agreement strategy helps to maintain harmo-

Table 6. Politeness of Giving Promises to the Leadership Victory Form Context Meaning

[6] “Kami pilih nomor 1 saja Jokowi uploaded a post Giving a promise for Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin untuk regarding the anniversary of the leadership victory Indonesia maju” Prophet Muhammad's birthday (wawan_jiswan1, 20-11-2018) at the Bogor Palace. "We choose number 1 Jokowi- Ma’ruf Amin for the advancement of Indonesia"

The data narration (6) above is a reli- a promise to the speech partner that the gious-political discourse. The comment was speaker will choose Mr. Jokowi and Ma'ruf given by the owner of the Instagram account Amin in the 2019 presidential election. wawan_jiswan1 on Jokowi's post. Speech The religious-political discourse in the Kami pilih nomor 1 saja Jokowi-Ma’ruf data above relates to the celebration of reli- Amin untuk Indonesia maju (We choose gious holidays, namely the birthday of the number 1 Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin for the ad- Prophet Muhammad. Commemoration of vancement of Indonesia) included a form of religious holidays is often used by politicians positive politeness because the speaker gives to communicate with speech partners. It is as

Table 7. Politeness of Using a Joke for the leadership victory Form Context Meaning

[7] “Potong bebek Angsa: Jokowi uploaded his Make use of jokes for Potong bebek angsa together with Mr. Sutopo leadership Masak di kuali who came at Bogor Palace. Bikin maju bangsa Harus dua kali Dukung Jokowi For 2 kali Tralalalalalala Jokowi capres Amin cawapres Tralalalalalalala (13_calviendra_reiky, 12-10- 2018)” "Cut the Goose Duck: Cut the goose duck Cook on a cauldron Make the nation go forward Must be twice Support Jokowi For 2 times Tralalalalalala Jokowi is a candidate Amin is the running mate Tralalalalalalala”

Political communication of polite lead- not only limited to verbal forms. Further- ership is one of the keys to success in leader- more, Arumsari et al. (2017) express that ship. The dimension of leader political com- politics is basically nothing but communi- munication is not only verbal. It is as stated cating. One of the political communication (Riaz, 2010) Political communication in- strategies of leadership that can be built is by cludes visual representations such as cloth- using humor. ing, make-up, hairstyles, logos, etc., so it is

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 61 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era 2. Politico Pragmatic Power of Positive to speech partners include pleading to main- Politeness tain health and pleading to become president Politico-pragmatic power is the meaning in 2019-2024. This pleading strategy is a that is implied behind an utterance, which trait used by the people led by their leaders. can move someone to do something that is Communities are socially under the coordi- meant in the implied meaning. The politico nation of their leaders (Barati, Tajrishi, & pragmatic power found in the followers of Sajedi, 2012; H.J. Prayitno, Ngalim, Instagram account followers is as follows: Rohmadi, & Riyanto, 2018). This strategy is the power to request; praise power; power important to be used as character education supports; power effect; motivating power; for children to their teachers. A positive po- and power suggest. The following table pre- liteness strategy that stems from an internal sents a classification chart of positive politi- urge that respecting others is an awareness co-pragmatic politeness in Jokowi's Insta- (Healy, 2018; K. H. Tan & Farashaiyan, gram account. 2012). Illustration of the complete discussion Based on Figure 2 below, the power of is given through the following discussion. politico pragmatic is the most dominant. It shows the speaker has many requests submitted to the speech partner. Requests submitted

Figure 2. Taxonomy of Meaning of Politico pragmatic Power of Positive Politeness in Jokowi's Instagram Account Followers Comments a. Begging Power cludes directive speech acts. The following Politico pragmatic power of requesting table 3 presents the power of begging. is the strength of the message generated from Jokowi's Instagram account followers’ com- 1. The Power of Begging to Maintain ments for begging. Power begs in Jokowi's Health Instagram account comments used to invoke The power of begging to maintain health speech partners to maintain health and beg to in terms of Jokowi's Instagram account is become president. Slamet dan Suwarto intended so that the speech partners maintain (2013) state that the application form in- health. It is due to the work of the speech partner as a busy president. The following

Table 8. Politeness of Begging to Maintain Health Explicator Context Meaning [8] Jaga kesehatan ya pak, dan kita sebagai Jokowi uploaded a post about Begging rakyat Indonesia, tak henti mendoakan his togetherness with many korban gempa dan Indonesia, dan tak world leaders who were lupa kami menyelipkan doa agar bapak present in Bali. diberikan kesehatan dan kekuatan. (didijournal, 19-10-2018)

Take care of your health, sir, and we as the people of Indonesia, endlessly pray for the victims of the earthquake and Indonesia, and do not forget we put in a prayer for your health and strength.

The context of the speech above occurs The second begging power in Jokowi's because Mr. Jokowi uploaded his together- Instagram account followers’ comments is to ness with world leaders in Bali to participate beg to be president. It was motivated by in IMF World Bank activities. Therefore, his Jokowi's leadership which was considered busy schedule, following the activity that is good by the speakers. Thus, the speaker begs so busy, the speaker asks the speech partner Jokowi to become president for the second to take care of their health. period, namely the 2019-2024 period. The following is a helpless commentary request- 2. The Power of Begging to Become ing to become president. President Table 9. Politeness of Begging to Become President Explicator Context Meaning [9] Sehat selalu pak Jokowi biar bisa memimpin Jokowi posted a post Begging to be Indonesia 5 tahun lagi. Indonesia sangat regarding the opening of the president membutuhkan pemimpin seperti bapak 2018 Asian Para Games, at (nawaty0, 7-10-2018) the Bung Karno Main Stadium with Bulan and Always be healthy, Mr. Jokowi so you can archery athlete Abdul Hamid. lead Indonesia in 5 years. Indonesia really needs a leader like you.

Speech in data (9) above is a political 2024. It can be known through speech Sehat discourse of leadership. The speech above is selalu pak Jokowi biar bisa memimpin Indo- powerless to ask the speech partner to be- nesia 5 tahun lagi. Indonesia sangat membu- come the president of Indonesia for 2019- tuhkan pemimpin seperti bapak (Be healthy

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 63 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era always, Mr. Jokowi so you can lead Indone- b. Power of Praise sia in 5 years. Indonesia really needs a leader The power of politico pragmatic praise like you) intends to plead to the speech part- is the power of the message generated from ner to become the second president of Indo- Jokowi's Instagram account followers' com- nesia 2019-2024. ments to praise Jokowi's achievements in The context of the speech is motivated leading Indonesia. Power of praise of Jokow- because Jokowi uploaded his activities in the i's Instagram account comments is used to opening of the 2018 Asian Para Games. compliment the speech partner because of Asian Para Games is a sports party for peo- the achievements he had made, especially ple with disabilities. Based on this, speakers when he became president. Kusno (2015) intend to plead for Jokowi to become presi- says that expressing praise is as a form of dent in the second period. It means that the appreciation for others. The following com- speaker feels happy with Jokowi's leader- ments are the power of praise. ship.

Table 10. Politeness of Praise Power Explicator Context Meaning [10] Cuma di jaman pak Jokowi Idonesia Jokowi uploaded the posting Praising prestasinya mendunia (arclim_cm, 8-11- of Eko Yuli Irawan's arrival 2018) at the Merdeka Palace, returning from the world Only in the era of Mr. Jokowi, Indonesia's weightlifting championship in achievements become worldwide Turkmenistan.

Speech in data (10) above is a political achievements of the nation's children world- discourse on sports. The speech above is wide; it is inseparable from the success of delivered by the owner of the arclim_cm Jokowi's leadership in the field of sports. Instagram account. The utterances have the Jokowi also gave a good appreciation to the power of praise. It can be seen in the speech athletes who excel. Cuma di jaman pak Jokowi Idonesia prestasinya mendunia (Only in the era of Mr. 3. Power of Supporting Jokowi, Indonesia's achievements become Supporting politico pragmatic power is worldwide) the speaker of the speech intends the strength of the message generated from to praise the achievements of the global Jokowi's Instagram account followers’ com- sporting world. The sport's achievements ments to support Jokowi's leadership in the were due to Jokowi's leadership. Based on second period, namely 2019-2024. Support- this, the speaker intends to praise Jokowi. ing power in Jokowi's Instagram account The context of the speech was delivered comments is used to support speech partners because Jokowi uploaded the arrival of Eko because the leadership can be said to be suc- Yuli Irawan at the Merdeka Palace, after cessful. The following are the supportive returning from the world weightlifting power comments. championship in Turkmenistan. Eko Yuli The speech in data (11) is a religious- Irawan is a weightlifting athlete, at the 2018 political discourse. The utterances mentioned Asian Games event getting gold medalist. above have supporting power to support Based on this, the speakers praised the Jokowi's leadership for the 2019-2024 peri-

Table 11. Politeness of Suporting Power Explicator Context Meaning [11] Selamat memperingati maulid nabi pak Jokowi uploaded a post Supporting Jokowi. Sehat selalu Pak. Salam jempol regarding the anniversary of 2 periode (ryan_setiawan21, 20-11- the Prophet Muhammad's 2018) birthday at the Bogor Palace.

Congratulations in commemorating the birthday of the Prophet, Mr. Jokowi. Always healthy, sir. Greetings thumb for 2 periods.

The context of the speech in the data followers with the aim of the speech partner above is due to Jokowi's activities in com- to choose Jokowi in the 2019 elections. The memorating the birthday of the Prophet Mu- power of influence in Jokowi's Instagram hammad at the Bogor Palace. The speech has account comments is used to influence the supporting power to support Jokowi's leader- speech partners to choose Jokowi as presi- ship for two periods. Speakers in the data dent. Isa (2010) psychological and social give greetings to 2 periods. Based on that factors will significantly affect an action, statement in the data above, it has supporting including speech acts that are directed to- power. wards the speech partner. The following are comments which have the power of influ- 4. Power of Influence ence. Politico-pragmatic power of influence is the strength of the message arising from the comments of Jokowi's Instagram account

Table 12. Politeness of Influence Power Explicator Context Meaning [12] Presiden joko widodo blusukan hari Jokowi memposting kegiatan Influencing minggu ke pasar anyar di Kota setiap pagi, yakni memantau Tanggerang, Banten, ini pasar perkembangan harga bahan tradisional kedua yang saya kunjungi pokok dan pangan. pekan ini. Coblos no 1 saja Jokowi- Ma’ruf Amin 2019 Indonesia semakin Jokowi posted an activity maju (wawan_jiswan1, 20-10-2018) every morning, which was monitoring the development President Joko Widodo was wandering of prices of staples and food. around on Sunday to pasar anyar (the brand-new market) in Tangerang City, Banten. It is the second traditional market that I visited this week. Vote only number one Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin. In 2019 Indonesia is getting ahead.

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 65 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era Speech in data (12) is an economic polit- bludges on the market to monitor the price of ical discourse. The utterance was delivered basic needs and food. by the Instagram account voter of wa- wan_jiswan1. The speech has the power of 5. Power of Motivating influence. It is seen from the utterances Pres- Motivating of politico pragmatic power iden joko widodo blusukan hari minggu ke is the power of the message generated from pasar anyar di Kota Tanggerang, Banten, ini Jokowi's Instagram account followers' com- pasar tradisional kedua yang saya kunjungi ments to motivate the speech partners to pekan ini. Coblos no 1 saja Jokowi-Ma’ruf work enthusiastically despite criticism, Amin 2019 Indonesia semakin maju (Presi- scorn, slander and so on. Motivating power dent Joko Widodo was wandering around on in Jokowi's Instagram account comments is Sunday to pasar anyar (the brand-new mar- used to motivate Jokowi in carrying out state ket) in Tangerang City, Banten. It is the sec- duties, even though he is being criticized that ond traditional market that I visited this he must remain enthusiastic. The following week. Vote only number one Jokowi-Ma'ruf comments are powerless influences. Amin. In 2019 Indonesia is getting ahead). Speech on data (13) below was con- The speech begins with Jokowi's wandering veyed by the owner of the Instagram account around activities every Sunday, but in the ibrahimnurhadi. The speech has power of end, the speaker influences the speech part- motivating the speech partner. It can be seen ner to elect Jokowi as president in the 2019- in the speech Indonesia bukan dengerin 2024 period. suara netizen. Tetapi dengerin suara hati The context of the speech in the data rakyat. Semangat terus pakdeh. Doa saya above is because Jokowi posted activities sebagai muslim agar selalu siberikan pem- every morning, which is monitoring the price impin yang baik (Indonesia is not listening to of staples and food. It was done to control the voice of netizens. But listen to the con- the prices of basic needs and food because science of the people. Keep up the spirit, previously it was rumored that prices of Uncle. My prayer as a Muslim is to always basic needs and food had increased. There- provide a good leader). The purpose of the fore, the speaker influences the speech part- speech is to give motivation to speech partner by saying that Jokowi every Sunday ners in carrying out state duties.

Table 13. Politeness of Motivating Power Explicator Context Meaning [13] Indonesia bukan dengerin suara Jokowi posted a post Motivating netizen. Tetapi dengerin suara hati regarding the opening of the rakyat. Semangat terus pakdeh. Doa 2018 Asian Para Games, at saya sebagai muslim agar selalu the Bung Karno Main siberikan pemimpin yang baik Stadium with Bulan and (ibrahimnurhadi, 19-10-2018) archery athlete Abdul Hamid.

Indonesia is not listening to the voice of netizens. But listen to the conscience of the people. Keep up the spirit, uncle. My prayer as a Muslim is to always provide a good leader.

The context of the speech is that Jokowi ties. Purnami (2018) states the form of ad- uploaded a post regarding the opening of the vice can be in the form of instructions or 2018 Asian Para Games, at the Bung Karno advice orders. Suggestions are communica- Main Stadium with Bulan and archery ath- tion strategies of sociopragmatic communi- lete Abdul Hamid. The convening of the cation to shorten the closeness of social dis- Asian Para Games in Indonesia some like tance between speakers and speech partners. and some others do not like. Therefore, the Suggestions that positive value politeness is speaker gives motivation to the speech part- suggestions that are free from the interests ner that in carrying out the tasks of the state that give advice. This advice is driven by there must be some who mock and some internal motivation so that the advice given support. becomes better. Suggestions are a form of scholarship and social attention (Gertsog, 6. Power of Suggesting Danilova, Korneev, Savchenkov, & Uvarina, Politico-pragmatic power of suggestion 2017; Robertson, Hepburn, McLauchlan, & is the strength of the message generated from Walker, 2017). The power of suggesting in Jokowi's Instagram account followers com- Jokowi's Instagram account comments the ments with the aim that the speech partner form of a suggestion command. The follow- pays attention to the price of food commodi- ing comment has the power of suggestion.

Table 14. Politeness of Suggesting Power Explicator Context Meaning [14] Coba bapak perhatikan juga harga Jokowi posted an activity Suggesting kelapa sawit di Kalimantan hanya Rp. every morning, which was 700 tidak sesuai dengan yang didapat monitoring the development tolong bapak perhatikan juga of prices of staples and food. masyarakat yang berpenghasilan hanya dari kelapa sawit (Indriyani05, 1-10- 2018)

Sir, try to also pay attention to the price of palm oil in Kalimantan. It is only Rp. 700. It does not match which what is obtained by us. Please also pay attention to the people who earn only from palm oil.

Speech in data (14) above is an econom- oil in Kalimantan. It is only Rp. 700. It does ic-political discourse. The utterances are ut- not match which what is obtained by us. terances which have the power of suggestion. Please also pay attention to the people who It can be seen in the utterances delivered by earn only from palm oil). The purpose of the Instagram account owners Indriyani05, Co- speech is to suggest the speech partner pay ba bapak perhatikan juga harga kelapa attention to the price of oil and pay attention sawit di Kalimantan hanya Rp. 700 tidak to people who only earn from oil palm. sesuai dengan yang didapat tolong bapak The context of the speech is Jokowi perhatikan juga masyarakat yang ber- posts activities every morning to monitor the penghasilan hanya dari kelapa sawit (Sir, development of prices of staples and food. please pay attention also to the price of palm Speakers who practice as palm oil farmers

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) | p-ISSN 2655-920x, e-ISSN 2656-2804 Vol. (1) (2) (2019) 52-71 67 Politicopragmatic Power of Positive Hospitality Comment of The Followers Account of Indonesia’s President Jokowi Instagram Oriented to The Character Education in The Disruption Era advise so that the speech partners monitor p.186 not only the price of food and basic needs Abdullah, I. (2017). Di Bawah Bayang- such as vegetables and meat but also the Bayang Media: Kodifikasi, Divergensi, price of oil palm which is only seven hun- dan Kooptasi Agama di Era Internet. dred rupiahs. In addition, speakers also pro- Sabda, 12(2), 116–121. vide advice to speech partners to pay atten- https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/ tion to communities that only earn income sabda.12.2.116-121 Adams, M. (2009). Power, Politeness, and from oil palm. the Pragmatics of Nicknames. A 4. Conclusion Journal of Onomastics, 57(2), 81–91. The rule that results from this study is https://doi.org/10.1179/175622709x436 369 that a form of positive politeness that can be Ahmed, W. K., & Maros, M. (2017). Using used by followers to comment on the hedges as relational work by Arab EFL Instagram account of the highest official in a students in student-supervisor country is by giving attention to the speech consultations. GEMA Online Journal of partner. The integration of attention and Language Studies, 17(1), 89–105. leadership becomes an important foundation https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017- in the sustainability of public leadership. 1701-06 Politopragmatic politeness of positive Aisyah, A. R. (2014). Teaching and Learning politeness comments of Instagram account At Personality Development Unit in the. followers both aimed at the power of request, International Journal of Education the power of praise, the power of support, Research, 2(10), 203–214. the power of influence, the power of Arumsari, N., Septiana, W. E., Luthfi, M., & motivation, and the power of suggestion to Rizki, N. K. A. (2017). Komunikasi be the glue of two persons between the Politik Kepala Desa dalam Mendorong leader and the person he leads. It shows Inovasi Pembangunan Desa: Studi Kasus Tiga Desa di Lereng Gunung Instagram account followers have an Ungaran, Jawa Tengah. Politik optimistic attitude towards Jokowi's Indonesia: Indonesia Political Science leadership. Jokowi's Instagram account Review, 2(1), 86–99. followers have a sense of trust in the success Aziz, A. A. (2017). Agreement Strategies of Jokowi's leadership. The attitude of Among Malaysian Chinese Speakers of optimism and a sense of trust between two English. 3L: The Southeast Asian entities, namely the leader and the leader Journal of English Language Studies, they lead are the values of the main character 23(1), 168–189. education in the era of disruption of https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.17576/3 education as it is today. L-2017-2301-12 Agreement Barati, H., Tajrishi, P., & Sajedi, F. (2012). 5. References The effect of social skills training on Abbas, N. F. (2013). Positive Politeness socialization skills in children with & Social Harmony in Literary Down syndrome. Iranian Rehabilitation Discourse. International Journal of Journal, 10(15), 35–38. Retrieved from Applied Linguistics & English https://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.pdf Literature, 2(3), 186–195. Cisco, J. (2016). A Case Study of University https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.3 Honors Students in Humanities

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