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Kepentingan Indonesia Melalui Multi- Sport Event Dalam Penyelenggaraan Asian Para Games Tahun 2018

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Kepentingan Indonesia Melalui Multi- Sport Event Dalam Penyelenggaraan Asian Para Games Tahun 2018 KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA MELALUI MULTI- SPORT EVENT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN ASIAN PARA GAMES TAHUN 2018 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh: Syahnaz Risfa Suci Alisya 11151130000097 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2020 M/1441 H PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME Skripsi yang berjudul: KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA MELALUI MULTI-SPORT EVENT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN ASIAN PARA GAMES TAHUN 2018 1. Merupakan karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata 1 di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya saya ini bukan hasil karya sendiri saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 11 Juli 2020 Syahnaz Risfa Suci Alisya i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI Dengan ini, Pembimbing Skripsi menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa : Nama : Syahnaz Risfa Suci Alisya NIM : 11151130000097 Program Studi : Hubungan Internasional Telah menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi dengan judul : “KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA MELALUI MULTI-SPORT EVENT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN ASIAN PARA GAMES TAHUN 2018” dan telah memenuhi syarat untuk diuji. Jakarta, 11 Juli 2020 Mengetahui, Menyetujui, Ketua Program Studi Pembimbing M. Adian Firnas, M.Si M. Adian Firnas, M.Si NIP: ii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI SKRIPSI KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA MELALUI MULTI-SPORT EVENT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN ASIAN PARA GAMES TAHUN 2018 Oleh Syahnaz Risfa Suci Alisya 11151130000097 telah dipertahankan dalam sidang skripsi di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada tanggal 22 Juli 2020. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) pada Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Ketua, Sekretaris, M. Adian Firnas, M.Si Irfan Hutagalung, SH, LLM NIP: NIP. Penguji I Penguji II Rahmi Fitriyanti, M.Si Ahmad Alfajri, MAIR NIP. 197709142011012004 NIP. 1985070220119031005 Diterima dan dinyatakan memenuhi syarat kelulusan pada tanggal 22 Juli 2020. Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional FISIP UIN Jakarta M. Adian Firnas, M.Si iii ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menganalisa kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam penyelenggaraan Asian Para Games Tahun 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepentingan dibalik kebijakan Indonesia menjadi tuan rumah Multi-Sport Event. Masalah penelitian ini dimulai saat sejarah Indonesia dalam mengadakan event olahraga internasional tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian negara. Bahkan krisis ekonomi pernah Indonesia alami pasca penyelenggaraan event internasional terdahulu. Pengeluaran berlebih dan pemasukan yang defisit mengakibatkan hal ini. Sehingga timbul pertanyaan apa yang melatarbelakangi Indonesia ingin menjadi tuan rumah Asian Para Games III Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kebijakan tersebut adalah kepentingan nasional. Hasil analisis ini, menemukan bahwa ada dua kepentingan nasional Indonesia terkait penyelenggaraan event olahraga disabilitas terbesar di kawasan asia ini yaitu kepentingan politik dan kepentingan hak asasi manusia (HAM). Peningkatan citra dan peran Indonesia di skala internasional menjadi fokus politik luar negeri Indonesia. Sedangkan mendukung dan membangun legitimasi HAM merupakan landasan negara Indonesia sejak merdeka. Kata Kunci: Asian Para Games, 2018, olahraga, kepentingan nasional, disabilitas, hak asasi manusia, diplomasi publik iv KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‘Alamin, puji dan syukur peneliti panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga peneliti dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam tak lupa peneliti panjatkan kepada junjungan kita, Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW beserta seluruh keluarga, sahabat, dan para pengikut beliau. Peneliti merasa perlu untuk menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada beberapa pihak berikut yang telah memberikan dukungan moril sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan. Dengan segenap rasa hormat dan kerendahan hati, peneliti ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada: 1. Orang tua kandung yang telah melahirkan Ayah Rizky dan Mamah Ida. Kepada Bapak Teguh dan Ibu Evy terima kasih atas semua dukungan dan cintanya. Orang tua asuh peneliti Ayahanda Bambang Trianto dan Ibunda Ismoyorini yang selalu menyayangi peneliti. Kedua kakak Hendy dan Feby. Sepupu yang sudah kuanggap saudara kandung Arya, Wira, Cakra dan Dimas. Adik-adikku Abil dan Aghis, serta Abek. 2. Bapak Adian Firnas selaku Ketua Program Studi Hubungan Internasional FISIP UIN Syarif Hidayatullah dan dosen pembimbing peneliti. Terima kasih atas waktu, ilmu, bimbingan, dan kesabaran yang telah diberikan sehingga skripsi ini dapat selesai dengan lancar. 3. Seluruh jajaran dosen yang telah memberikan ilmu kepada peneliti. Staf di FISIP UIN Jakarta telah menfasilitasi peneliti dalam perkuliahan. v 4. Orang-orang terdekat yang mendedikasikan waktunya untuk mendengar keluh kesah hidup peneliti yaitu Nabilah Audah, Baiq Tiara, Adinda Layla, Ruella Salsabila, Nurul Fazriah, Achmad Zulfani, Fadhly Nurman. 5. Teman hidup penulis selama di kosan Diaz yang selalu menemani hari- hari penulis ketika sedih dan bahagia yaitu Putri Sarah Balqis, Tri Urvi, dan Annisa Meidiani. Khususnya pada Sarah yang selalu membantu penulis bahkan disela-sela kesibukan. 6. Rekan-rekan seperjuangan selama menempuh pendidikan di FISIP UIN Jakarta yaitu Kharisma Anissa, Muthia, Nabila Febrina, Fathi, Firman, Adha Rivadly, Khoirul Ahsan, Kevin, Aulia Rahman. Serta seluruh teman- teman penulis baik di prodi HI, Politik, dan Sosiologi. Terima kasih atas pengalaman, canda tawa dan waktu yang telah diluangkan bersama 7. Teman-teman baik penulis yang selalu senantiasa menemani yaitu Nurfitri Putri, Ilyasa Sastrawijaya, Nushan Mushafa, Mustafa, Olivia Belinda, Amelinda Auliah, Asifa Zaenuddin, Maura Adella, Fariza Fahira dan Ayusza Amalia. 8. Senior di FISIP UIN Jakarta yang telah membantu penulis dalam belajar baik akademik maupun non-akademik, yakni Kak Gerry Age, Kak Andi Alifesa, Kak Fajar Fachrian, Kak Ahmad Fauzi, Kak Fira, Kak Dara, dan kakak-kakak lainnya. 9. Organisasi intra dan ekstra yang menjadi wadah peneliti berkembang, HMI (Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam), Himpunan Mahasiswa Jurusan Hubungan Internasional (HIMAHI) periode 2017, Senat Mahasiswa (SEMA) FISIP UIN Jakarta periode 2018. vi 10. Junior-junior terdekat yaitu Syafira Imsakiyah, Utari Dyarza, Fitria, Faisal Rahman, dan yang lainnya. 11. Keluarga besar KKN Markisa Ekawira 2018 yang menjadi keluarga selama pengabdian 1 bulan lamanya. 12. Bapak Raja Sapta Oktohari, Bapak Ferry Yuniarto Kono, Bapak Zulkifli Hasan, serta Abang Ibnoe Nugraha yang memberikan peneliti kesempatan bekerja dan belajar bersama tim INAPGOC. Peneliti berharap bahwa semoga semua bentuk dukungan dan kebaikan tersebut mendapatkan balasan yang setimpal dari Allah SWT. Peneliti menyadari bahwa penulisan skripsi ini masih memiliki kekurangan, sehingga kritik dan saran tentu akan membantu perbaikan penelitian ini. Semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan sumbangsih kedepannya dalam ranah kajian penelitian pada bidang Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Jakarta, 11 Juli 2020 Syahnaz Risfa Suci Alisya vii DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. iv KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................. viii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................... xii DAFTAR SINGKATAN .......................................................................... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Penyataan Masalah ...................................................... 1 B. Pertanyaan Penelitian ................................................... 6 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................... 6 D. Tinjauan Pustaka .......................................................... 7 E. Kerangka Teoritis ......................................................... 11 1. Teori Hak Asasi Manusia ....................................... 11 2. Konsep Kepentingan Nasional ............................... 13 3. Konsep Diplomasi Publik ....................................... 15 F. Metode Penelitian ......................................................... 19 G. Sistematika Penelitian .................................................. 22 BAB II LATAR BELAKANG PARA MULTI-SPORT EVENT DAN PENYELENGGARAAN ASIAN PARA GAMES TAHUN 2018 A. Sejarah Multi-Sports Event Disabilitas ........................ 24 1. Paralympic Games ................................................ 24 B. Indonesia Tuan Rumah Multi-Sport Event Disabilitas 28 1. FESPIC Games IV Tahun 1986 ...........................
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