Planning for Climate Change in Myanmar

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CASE STUDY 1-2 National Adaptation Planning Close Collaboration with Multi-stakeholders: Planning for Climate Change in Myanmar

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Lessons Learned and Recommendations ● Organizing a series of consultation workshops inviting multi-stakeholders to verify and expand information on vulnerabilities, priorities across sectors, and measures addressing climate change. ● Identifying concrete indicators to monitor progress of the MCCSAP with the agreement of related stakeholders in six key sectors. ● Capacity building of domestic focal point so that the implementation of the strategy progresses autonomously after the international support program is fi nished.

Background

● Geographical Characteristics change and natural disasters. Myanmar is generally regarded to be one of the countries that is most vulnerable to climate change and to have ● Basic Policies experienced severe natural weather events. For instance, Th e Myanmar government adopted Myanmar’s National many parts of Myanmar experience heavy rains and conse- Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) in 2013, which quent fl oods because it is at the center of Southeast Asia’s identifi es 32 priority activities for eﬀ ective adaptation in southwest monsoon area. eight main sectors/themes, namely i)Agriculture, ii)Early Myanmar’s long coastal area Warning Systems, iii)Forest, iv)Public Health, v)Water re- Northern is also vulnerable to cyclones, Hilly sources, vi)Coastal zone, vii)Energy and industry and viii) heavy rains, and storm surges. Biodiversity. NAPA was one of the main references and the

Western Eastern Furthermore, droughts occur Hilly Central Hilly basis of the Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Action Dry Zone

frequently, particularly in the Rakhine Plan 2016-2030 (MCCSAP), because it was almost the only Naypyidaw Coastal Yangon central area. Considering that Deltaic document concerning climate change before the MCCSAP .

Ayeyarwady a majority (52%) of Myanmar’s Delta people depend on agriculture, Th e country will adopt the “Myanmar National Climate Southern [3] Myanmar forestry, and fi shery , it is Coastal Change Policy” (MNCCP) in 2018, which mandates the apparent that the population formulation and implementation of the MCCSAP. is highly sensitive to climate Figure 1-2-1 Myanmar’s Eight Physiographic Regions[4] Policy Planning Process

● Outline Th e MCCSAP is being formulated through a continuous Th e MCCSAP is a road map for Myanmar to strategically process of evidence generation and consultations with address climate-related risks and to take opportunities diverse stakeholders. Most of these consultations were over the next 15 years and beyond (so the MCCSAP covers conducted under the MCCA’s Technical Working Group not only adaptation but mitigation). Aft er agreement was (TWG), comprising representatives of government minis- reached on the methodology in 2014, formulation of the tries, universities, the three main city development commit- MCCSAP started in 2015 and will be completed in 2018. tees, the private sector, and development partners. NGOs, Th e Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental civil society organizations (CSOs), the Youth Forum, town- Conservation (MoNREC) has been coordinating formula- ship administrations, and citizen groups also participated in tion of the MCCSAP with signifi cant contribution from the consultations or provided inputs. Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA), a program Th e MCCSAP is being formulated within the 5 phases implemented by UN-Habitat and UN Environment with shown in Fig 1-2-2.⁂ funds from the EU since 2013.

Defining the obectives and scope of the MCCSAP April-July Activities: Consultations, assessments and other processes (INDC, EbA) Phase 1 2015 Milestone 1: 1st national workshop and adoption of MCCSAP outline, scope and vision

August- Data collection, thematic consultations and sub-national workshops Phase 2 October Activities: National and sub-national consultations and data analysis 2015 Milestones 2 and 3: States and regions consulted; data gathered

November- Initial validation and improvement, first draft of strategy Phase 3 December Activities: Initial validation and improvement 2015 Milestone 4: Zero draft of MCCSAP validated at 2nd national workshop

Additional information gathering and validation of the advanced draft January- Activities: Further consultations, validation and drafting Phase 4 June 2016 Milestone 5: Final draft of MCCSAP validated at 3rd national workshop and improved with comments

June- Finalization and dissemination of the MCCSAP Phase 5 September Activities: Submission for nal comments and nalization with submission to cabinet 2016 Milestone 6: Final draft of MCCSAP ready for adoption

Figure 1-2-2 The Five Phases of the MCCSAP Formulation Process[1]

Phase 1 Defining the scope of the MCCSAP formulated a MCCSAP draft and strengthened the overall Th e TWG members were convened to agree on the main output between April and May 2016. Th en, experts from purpose, objectives, and methods for formulating the strat- UN-Habitat and UN Environment, with MCCA and ECD, egy and a preliminary outline. About 200 persons including analyzed the draft strategy to check facts, strengthen the development partners and other non-members of the TWG narrative, and reinforce the coherence of the strategic also participated in consultations. pillars.

Phase 2 Data collection, thematic consultations, Cluster Region/state District Township and sub-national workshops Mandalay Mandalay Natogyl 1 MoNREC’s Environmental Conservation Depart Sagaing Sagaing Myinmu Myitkyina ment (ECD) led the process with MCCA and sup- Hinthada 3 portive consultants. Th is phase is composed of two Hinthada Labutta Labutta Kyaunggon 2 Ayeyarwady major components: one is a secondary data review Pathein Ngapudaw 1 Pyapon Thabaung and national level meetings and the other is based Myinmu Bogale 5 Natogyi on local level consultations. For the latter, they 3 Kachin Myitkyina Myitkyina Maungdaw grouped townships into 5 clusters for sub-national Kyaukpyu Bago Ramree Bago Bago Waw Toungup consultations according to vulnerability, geography, 4 Manaung Kayin Hpa-an Hlaingbwe Hinthada and administrative arrangements and selected the Gwa Waw Hlaingbwe Hpa-an Thabaung Bago Kyaunggon host townships (see Figure 1-2-3). Ngapudaw Hpa-An Kyaukpyu Bogale 4 Manaung Labutta Kyaukpyu Ramree 2 Phase 3 5 Rakhine Initial validation and improvement, Thandwe Gwa first draft of strategy Toungup Maungdaw According to the analysis in Phase 2, the team Figure 1-2-3 Five Clusters Formed out of 19 Townships[1]

⁂Note : Unlike the description in Figure 1-2-2, Phase 5 is still ongoing as of November 2017. CASE STUDY 1-2 National Adaptation Planning

Phase 5 Finalization and dissemination of the MCCSAP Phase 4 Additional information gathering and validation of the advanced draft Th e MCCA expert team reformulated and submitted the On 5 June 2016, the team presented the advanced draft draft for oﬃ cial comments to the ECD at the end of June summary to high-level representatives, and received further 2016. Th is draft was composed of the main MCCSAP docu- inputs. On 10 June 2016, the team presented the advanced ment, the revised SAPs and other appendices. draft at the third national MCCSAP workshop in Nay Pyi Taw. Th e meeting, attended by more than 150 people, pro- In July 2016, the ECD and MCCA submitted the draft to vided feedback and input to strengthen the activities and the TWG, in order for it to proceed to fi nalization and refi ne the milestones. Th e team subsequently submitted submission to the highest government levels for approval abstracts to the Youth National Forum for analysis and and promulgation, through the fi nal launching workshop in comments. Th e team in charge of the capacity develop- September 2016. ment needs assessment also presented its fi ndings at the workshop.

National Environmental Conservation and Climate Change Committee

Vice-President (Chairman), representatives from related ministries and private sector, etc.

Report yearly

Secretariat Report every 6 months MoNREC, MoPF

State/Regions Environmental and Report every 6 months Climate Change Supervision Committees

Six sub-committees corresponding to key sectors

Climate Smart Sustainable Resilient and Low Resilient and Climate Risk Education, Science and Agriculture. Fishries Management of Carbon Energy, Sustainable Cities and Management for Technology for a and Livestock for Food Natural Resources for Transport and Towns People’s Health and Resilient Society Security Healthy Eco-System Industrial Systems for Well-being Sustainable Growth

Lead actor: Lead actor: Lead actor: Lead actor: Lead actor: Lead actor: MoALI MoNREC MoEPE, Mo TC and MoI MoC, CDCs and townships MoSWRR, MoT C/DMH, MoHS M oE

Other actors: Other actors: Other actors: Other actors: Other actors: Other actors: ARIs, MoNREC/ECD and related Related ministries( MoALI, MoEPE, MoNREC/ECD and related MoNREC and related MoE(DRI), MoNREC /ECD and DRI, MoNREC/ECD and related ministries(MoPF , MoTC/DMH, MoHT, MoPF, M oTC/DMH, MoI, ministries(MoALI , MoPF, MoTC/ ministries(MoHA , MoEPE, MoTC), related ministries( MoHA, MoALI, ministries(MoIN , MosWEE, MoPF, MoHS, MoI, MoE , MoC, MoSWEE), MoHA, MoIN ), NWRC, local DMH, MoC, M oIN, MoHA, NECCCC, local g ovts., PS, NGOs, MoPF, MoC, MoIN ), local govts., PS, MoALI, MoTC/DMH), ARIs, local local govts., govts., ARIs, NGO s, CSOs, DPs, MoSWRR), local govts., MES, PS, CSOs, D Ps, etc. NGOs, CSO s, DPs, etc. govts., CSO s, DPs, etc. NGOs, CSO s, DPs, etc. e tc. ARIs, NGOs , CSOs, etc.

[Acronyms] ARIs: Academic and research institutions / CDCs:City Development Commit tees / CSOs:Civil society organisations / DMH:Department of Meteorology and Hydrology / DRI: Departme nt of Research and Innovation / DPs:Development partners / ECD:Environment Conservation Department / MoALI Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation / MoE:Ministry of Education / MoHA:Ministry of Home A airs / MoEPE:Ministry of Electrical Power and Energy / MoHS:Ministry of Health / MoI:Ministry of Industry / MoIN:Ministry of Information / MoNREC:Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation / MoPF:Ministry of Planning and Finance / MoSWRR:Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement / MoTC:Ministry of Transportation and Communication / NDMC:National Disaster Management Committee and its members / NECCCC:National Environmental Conservation and Climate Change Central Committee / NGOs: Non-governmental organisations / PS: Private sector Figure 1-2-4 Multi-stakeholder Institutional Mechanism to Implement the MCCSAP [1]

● Institutional Arrangements each focal agency collects data on the progress of the sec- Th e multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism (see Figure toral action plans. Details are not communicated to the 1-2-4) for implementing the MCCSAP was developed in NECCCC unless requested. June 2016, and the mechanism will be functioning within one year of adoption of the MCCSAP. Th e mechanism is ● Ongoing reporting: Stakeholders in each sector are in composed of Th e National Environmental Conservation constant communication through the MCCA platform and Climate Change Committee (NECCCC), MoNREC as a and their focal agency. secretariat, State/Regions Environmental and CC Supervision Committees, and six sub-committees corresponding to key sectoral areas identifi ed in the MCCSAP. Th e NECCCC, under the responsibility of the Vice-President, is responsible for coordinating institutions using the following monitoring timeline and reporting lines.

● Every year: MoNREC/ECD and focal agencies report to the NECCCC on progress against the overall action plan, describing how sectors are achieving expected results. Figure 1-2-3 Five Clusters Formed out of 19 Townships[1] ● Every six months: With support from MoNREC/ECD, ⁂Note : Unlike the description in Figure 1-2-2, Phase 5 is still ongoing as of November 2017. CASE STUDY 1-2 National Adaptation Planning

Lessons Learned and Recommendations

Organizing a series of consultation workshops inviting Concrete activities with outputs and indicators to comple- multi-stakeholders to verify and expand information on ment the overall action plan are set in six sectoral action vulnerabilities, priorities across sectors, and measures plans. All activities and accompanying outputs and indica- addressing climate change tors were agreed by stakeholders through 4 national workshops, 20+ sectoral meetings, bilateral meetings, and indi- The workshops inviting multi-stakeholders harnessed vidual meetings with TWG members, so it is clear which knowledge of local stakeholders to better understand lo- ministries/institutions are responsible for each activity. It is cal-scale vulnerabilities, priorities across sectors, and mea- also noteworthy that the timeframe of three segments (5, 10, sures addressing climate change. The understanding was 15 years) is set. Each activity is allocated in the timeframe, also useful for planning at a national scale. Examples of according to its timescale and characteristics. workshops are sub-national consultation workshops and development partner consultation described below. Capacity building of domestic focal point so that the im- ● Sub-national consultation workshops plementation of the strategy progresses autonomously A local NGO, Myanmar Environment Rehabilitation-con- after the international support program is finished servation Network(MERN) organized, managed and fa- ● Capacity building program cilitated the workshops. Around 600 participants attend- The MCCA program, which contributed significantly to ed the workshops in five clusters, which were formulated the formulation process of the MCCSAP and related doc- with townships according to vulnerability, geography and uments such as MNCCP and INDC, will be finished in administrative arrangements. The main participants were 2018. To ensure ECD’s capacities to progress with the strat- local government officials and local NGO practitioners. At egy, MCCA has set aside funds and will conduct a capacity the same time, the MCCA conducted consultations in se- building program for the division to act autonomously with lected townships for ecosystem-based adaptation to climate the following specific objectives. change projects in the Delta and Dry Zone areas. ● Transfer MCCA’s secretarial capacities (including opera- ● Development partner consultation tion of website and SNS page, lists of contacts, practices, Hosted by the Development Partners Group and attended by coordination work) representatives from Norwegian Agency for Development ● Training on understanding climate change to be able to Cooperation (NORAD), Department for International De- train other staffs in other Ministries/Institutions velopment (DFID in UK), EU, UNESCO, UN-Habitat and ● Coordinate and facilitate the Technical Working Group Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Import- and Sectoral Working Group of the MCCSAP to monitor ant advice was given at this consultation, such as on setting implementation over the coming years expected results and indicators for the making MCCSAP’s ● Training on project cycles, to prepare ECD to work on cli- progress measurable. mate finance ● Establishing Climate Change Division within MoNREC Identifying concrete indicators to monitor progress of The Climate Change Division is currently being designed the MCCSAP with the agreement of related stakeholders by MoNREC, as a division specialized in climate change is- in six key sectors sues including implementation of the MCCSAP to take over ● Expected results and strategic indicators (overall action plan) ECD’s work. Expected results and strategic indicators to accomplish ● Co-operation with MoNREC/ECD over the entire pro- sectoral outcomes for the six key sectors are set out in the cess of the MCCSAP formulation MCCSAP’s overall action plan. They will be adjusted and MCCA has been working within ECD, and has worked validated as the strategy progresses. Besides, the sectoral with ECD focal points to facilitate the formulation of the outcomes of six sectors align with most of the 17 Sustain- MCCSAP (as well as MNCCP and local vulnerability assess- able Development Goals (SDGs). ments) to ensure that capacities remain at ECD. All prod- ● Activities accompanied by outputs and indicators (sec- ucts, outputs, and deliverables of the MCCA are developed toral action plan) with and within MoNREC.

CONTACT INFORMATION SOURCES

● Myanmar Climate Change Alliance [1] “Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2016–2030(Edited Draft May 2017)” (Ministry of Natural Re- (MCCA) sources and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar, 2017) Email: [email protected] [2] “Myanmar’ s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution-INDC” (The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, 2015) [3] “The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report: Occupation and Industry Census Report Volume 2-B” (Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population, Myanmar, 2016) [4] “Myanmar’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change” (National Environmental Con- servation Committee, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Ministry of Transport, United Nations Environment Programme, 2013)

Planning and Editorial Supervisor: Ministry of the Environment, Japan Ministry of the Environment Editing: Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. Government of Japan Design: Nikkei Business Publications, Inc.