Sedimentology, sandstone petrofacies, and tectonic setting of the Late Mesozoic Bisbee Basin, southeastern Arizona. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Klute, Margaret Anne. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 19:50:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185723 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U-M-I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9210828 Sedimentology, sandstone petrofacies, and tectonic setting of the Late Mesozoic Bisbee Basin, southeastern Arizona Klute, Margaret Anne, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1991 U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 SEDIMENTOLOGY, SANDSTONE PETROFACIES, AND TECTONIC SEITING OF THE LATE MESOZOIC BISBEE BASIN, SOU1HEASTERN ARIZONA by Margaret Anne Klute A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial FulfIllment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1991 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Margaret Anne Klute entitled _---::S..::E=-DI::.:M..::E::.N:...;:T:...:.o=-LO=-G=-Y;;...:,:.-:::S.:.:AN:..:.;D::...;S::...;T:....:o~N..::E_.:P::...;E::...;T::.R::.O=-F::.AC.:.:I::.E:.;.:S;..!.,~AN..::D;.....;:T..::E..:.C=-TO.:.:N..;.;;I;;..;C_SE_T_T...;;I::.N..:.G_ OF THE LATE MESOZOIC BISBEE BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of -.:D~o~c~t~o:....:r~o..:.f-=-P~h1_·1~o_s~o~p..:.h~y__________________ __ Date IIJV91 Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation r&z tf?£l~ ///7/9/ Dissertation Director Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: '11Il. CV1 cd ~L () 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am extremely grateful to my advisor, William R. Dickinson, for all of his guidance during this project He proposed the idea of regional petrofacies analysis for the Bisbee Group, and wielded a mean sledge hammer during collection of samples from key· sections in the Whetstone, Empire, Mule, Huachuca and Chiricahua Mountains. He also provided opportunities to participate in related projects: a field trip for the 1987 Geological Society of America annual meeting, and co-editing of Arizona Geological Society Digest 18 on Mesozoic rocks of southern Arizona and adjacent areas. Both projects contributed greatly to my knowledge of Mesozoic geology of southern Arizona. Bill also offered continued encouragement during the time I was writing the dissertation and carefully reviewed the manuscript. I thank the other members of my dissertation committee, Peter J. Coney, Andrew S. Cohen, Karl W. Flessa and Joseph F. Schreiber, who advised me during my graduate work and reviewed the dissertation. I would also like to thank many other people who contributed to this project: Barbara Beatty Williams and Candace Krebs Wines, as members of the 'Mesozoic team', shared many field expeditions in southeastern Arizona Nancy Beckvar, Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Frances Cole, W.O. Darton, Jackie Dickinson, Katherine Goebel Giles, Kathryn Gregory, Daniel Highkin, Susanne Janecke, Marilyn Jones, Andre Potochnik, Chen Quanmao, Nancy Riggs, Moira Smith and Gerilyn Andrews Soreghan also provided able and amiable field assistance. Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Rolfe Erickson, Thomas Goodlin, Dwight HalJ., Michael Hayes, Kerry Inman, Steven May, Roger Mark, Nancy Riggs, and Larry Sumpter guided me through their field areas in southeastern Arizona. Cesar Jacques-Ayala and Carlos Gonzalez led a field trip through Mesozoic stratigraphy in Sonora. Larry Archibald, Kerry Inman, Kermit Jamison, Charles Kluth, Alan Lindberg, Rob Risley, Larry Segerstrom, and Laurel Vedder provided rock samples and/or maps. Stimulating discussions with all of these people, and with with Yemane Asmerom, Sue Beard, Robert F. Butler, Patricia Hartshorne, Gordon Haxel, Paul Heller, Timothy Lawton, E.H. Lindsay, Greg Mack, Steven Reynolds, Carmen Rosales, Joaquin Ruiz, Muhammad Shafiqullah, Gary Smith, Michael Soreghan, Peter Swift, Charles Winker, and Stephen Wust helped to shape my thinking about the Bisbee basin. Ruperto Laniz prepared most of the thin sections. Rick Brokaw drafted Figures 1, 5,31,32 and 47. Staff members of the Department of Geosciences, including Bo Baylor, Wes Bilodeau, Betty Hupp, Eloise Grijalva and Elizabeth O'leary, provided logistical support. Gerilyn and Michael Soreghan, Jim O'Connor and Karen Demsey offered timely assistance in meeting deadlines during final manuscript preparation. I am also grateful to William R Dickinson and Muhammad Shafiqullah for fmancial support for this project from their National Science Foundation Grant #EAR- 8417016. My father, the late Daniel O. Klute, inspired me to pursue graduate work. My mother, Frances M. Klute, and my siblings and their families, provided encouragement throughout this process. My husband Daniel Highkin participated in this project in many ways. He accompanied me on field trips, crunched numbers, typed references, formatted and paginated the final manuscript, and entertained our son Sean so that I didn't feel guilty about the time spent working. He provided encouragement and support throughout this project, and to him I give the utmost thanks. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS......................................................... 11 LIST OF TABLES..................................................................... 14 ABSTRACT............................................................................ 15 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................... 17 Statement of problem.................................................... 17 Tectonic Setting........................................................... 18 Geologic Relatio~ls....................................................... 21 Stratigraphy of the Bisbee Basin....................................... 23 Glance Conglomerate............................................. 23 Southeastern Facies............................................... 26 Northwestern Facies.............................................. 26 Age. Constraint~ .... :...................................................... 27 PreVlOUS Investlgahons.................................................. 28 2. UTHOFACIES AND DEPOSmONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE BISBEE GROUP IN THE HUACHUCA AND MULE MOUNTAINS.......................................................... 31 Huachuca Mountains..................................................... 31 Glance Conglomerate............................................. 34 Interpretation........ ................................. ...... 34 Stratigraphy of Upper Bisbee Group Formations............. 35 Glance-Morita Transition Zone.................................. 36 Lithofacies of the Morita