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OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION No. 131 THE WORK OF WHO 1963 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR -GENERAL TO THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY AND TO THE UNITED NATIONS The Financial Report, 1 January -31 December 1963, which constitutes a supplementtothisvolume,is published separately in the Official Records series. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA January 1964 56501 The following abbreviations are used in the Official Records of the World Health Organization : ACABQ - Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions ACC - Administrative Committee on Co- ordination BTAO Bureau of Technical Assistance Operations CCTA - Commission for Technical Co- operation in Africa CIOMS - Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences ECA - Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE - Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East ECE - Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America FAO - Food andAgriculture Organization IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ILO - International Labour Organisation (Office) IMCO Inter -Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union MESA - Malaria Eradication Special Account OIHP Office International d'Hygiène Publique PAHO - Pan American Health Organization PASB - Pan American Sanitary Bureau SMF - Special Malaria Fund of PAHO TAB - Technical Assistance Board TAC Technical Assistance Committee UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNSCEAR - United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation WFUNA - World Federation of United Nations Associations WMO - World Meteorological Organization The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Director -General concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. PRINTED IN SWITZERLAND CONTENTS Page Introduction v PART I - GENERAL REVIEW Chapter1. Malaria Eradication 3 Chapter2.Communicable Diseases Tuberculosis - Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses - Veterinary Public Health - Virus Diseases - Serum Reference Banks - Parasitic Diseases - Bacterial and Diarrhoeal Diseases - Leprosy - International Quarantine 6 Chapter3. Environmental Health Community Water Supply - Environmental Pollution - Community Sanitation and Housing - Vector Control and Insecticide Resistance - Environmental Biology . 22 Chapter4. Public Health Services Public Health Administration - Organization of Medical Care - Health Laboratory Services - Nursing - Health Education - Maternal and Child Health 28 Chapter5. Health Protection and Promotion Cancer - Cardiovascular Diseases - Dental Health - Mental Health - Nutrition - Radiation Health, Radiation Medicine and Human Genetics - Social and Occupational Health 33 Chapter6. Education and Training Preventive Medicine and Public Health - Training of Auxiliary Health Personnel - Travel Abroad for Study and Scientific Exchanges 39 Chapter7. Medical Research 42 Chapter8. Health Statistics 44 Chapter9. Biology and Pharmacology Addiction -producing and other Dangerous Drugs - Biological Standardization - Immunology - Pharmaceuticals 46 Chapter 10.Publications and Reference Services 50 Chapter 11.Public Information 52 Chapter 12.Constitutional, Financial and Administrative Developments Constitutional and Legal - The Financial Position - Administration 54 Chapter 13.Co- operation with other Organizations 57 PART II - THE REGIONS Chapter 14.African Region 65 Chapter 15.The Americas 70 Chapter 16.South -East Asia Region 75 III - Page Chapter 17.European Region 80 Chapter 18.Eastern Mediterranean Region 83 Chapter 19.Western Pacific Region 88 PART III - PROJECT LIST Projects in Operation in 1963 94 Africa 95 The Americas 102 South -East Asia 108 Europe 117 Eastern Mediterranean 125 Western Pacific 134 Inter -regional 141 ANNEXES 1. Members and Associate Members of the World Health Organization at 30 September 1963 . 147 2.Membership of the Executive Board 148 3. Expert Advisory Panels and Committees 149 4.Organizational Meetings and Meetings of Expert Committees and Advisory Groups (1 January - 30 September 1963) 152 5. Tentative Schedule of WHO Organizational Meetings in 1964 154 6.Non -governmental Organizations in Official Relations with WHO at 30 September 1963 154 7. Regular Budget for 1963 155 8. Structure of the Headquarters Secretariat at 30 September 1963 156 9.Numbers and Distribution of the Staff 157 10.Composition of the Staff by Nationality at 30 September 1963 159 11. Status of Malaria Eradication in 1963 160 12.Fellowships awarded, by Subject of Study and by Region (1 December 1962 - 30 September 1963) 161 MAP 1. WHO Regional Offices and the Areas they serve 64 - iv - INTRODUCTION TO enable the World Health Organization to face its future responsibilities no single task appears more urgent and at the same time more difficult than an objective evaluation of its work during a given period. The complexity of such an attempt stems from the fact that, in planning its programmes of work, WHO must constantly strike a balance between three main objectives: to provide assistance to countries anxious to deal with their immediate health problems; to help them in their long -term efforts to strengthen their local and national health services; and to serve as an effective channel of communication on technical and scientific information related to medicine and public health in a .constantly expanding and changing society. Furthermore, to be realistic, any appraisal of progress achieved during a specific period must take into consideration the budgetary means available both to WHO and to the countries concerned for the execution of programmes they have engaged in.Finally, the value of the projects can be gauged only if viewed in the context of the interplay of all the social and economic factors which are increasingly shaping our modern societies. WHO has made repeated attempts in the past to work out a satisfactory system of programme analysis and evaluation, rightly considered to be indispensable for ensuring an orderly growth and development of its activities.While we are still far from having arrived at a practical and adequate methodology in this field, certain recent developments might help us to find it more speedily than we originally thought. I am referring particularly to the considerable broadening of the assistance that scientists in public health, medicine and related fields are bringing to the Organization.Their guidance is of great value both in appraising the past and in ensuring well planned future programmes. In this connexion, I may mention that no fewer than forty expert committees and scientific groups met in Geneva and elsewhere during 1963. As various parts of this report will show, there is practically no branch of WHO which, in one way or another, has not benefited from the advice provided by the scientists who are participating in these bodies. A leading example of this extremely valuable co- operation between WHO and the medical world concerns the problem of resistance of insects to insecticides, which is recognized to be the central issue conditioning the outcome of much of our efforts to bring the major communicable diseases under control. At the present time the first line of attack in dealing with this problem is the development of new series of insecticide. com- pounds of equal or greater activity compared with existing ones and acceptable for public health use. A new and promising method is that of biological control of insect pests and vectors of disease. This was discussed by a scientific group that met in Geneva to deal specifically with the genetic control of insects. Spectacular success-has already been achieved with this type of control by using the so- called " sterile male" method in which large numbers of males were released after being sterilized by exposure to ionizing radiation. This ingenious method, which has proved successful in eliminating the screw -worm fly from wide areas of the southern United States of America, is based on the fact that when a high proportion of sterile males competes in a population with non -sterile males there is a rapid decrease in the numbers of individuals produced in -V - subsequent generations. Chemosterilants are also being employed effectively to control houseflies on certain islands in the north Atlantic. There are other possibilities, such as the release of males of Aedes scutellaris, the spermatozoa of which are incompatible with the ova of local strains, hybrid sterility in Anopheles gambiae and the introduction of deleterious genes in insect populations. However, there are wide gaps in our knowledge and more information is needed before genetic manipulation of insect populations can be attempted on a large scale.This science is relatively new and there is still much to learn about formal genetics, cytogenetics, population and evolutionary genetics. The research programme and the pilot experiments recommended by the scientific group constitute a solid basis for a stimulating and, we hope, effective international programme in this promising field of public health. The part of the Report dealing with malaria shows that, despite certain difficulties, the advance made in the year in the global
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