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Procedures and Protocols for Cadaver Use at Imperial Valley College
Procedures and Protocols for Cadaver Use at Imperial Valley College Statement: Imperial Valley College (IVC) is committed to providing its students the best possible education. The study of human anatomy is a vital component of the education of pre- healthcare professionals and can be enhanced through the detailed study of the human body. Imperial Valley College believes that the use of donated human bodies provides its pre-professional health care students a unique opportunity to better understand the structure and structural relationships of the human body. The use of donated bodies enables students to appreciate the size and 3-dimensionality of a body that they would otherwise not be exposed to without the study of cadavers. Similarly, use of donated bodies by our students provides them the additional benefit of evaluating biological variation and a chance of viewing various pathologies. Imperial Valley College also believes the benefits of using cadavers go beyond an understanding of anatomy by providing students “a first patient,” thereby exposing them to an element of humanness that they would otherwise not receive if IVC did not use donated bodies. Imperial Valley College believes that through the use of donated bodies our students will be better prepared to pursue successful careers in the health care industry. Imperial Valley College recognizes the value and importance of donated bodies and is committed to ensuring that donated bodies will always be treated with the utmost care and respect. Survivors may gain some comfort in the knowledge that IVC fully understands the indispensable and honorable contribution that body donors have made to the education of our students. -
Sleuths BEHIND the Scenes for PATHOLOGISTS, the UNUSUAL IS the USUAL
ON THE COVER sleuths BEHIND THE scenes FOR PATHOLOGISTS, THE UNUSUAL IS THE USUAL. BY HOWARD BELL ennifer Boland’s path to pathology began during her sec- ond year of medical school at Washington University in St. Louis. Boland would take study breaks by looking at Jspecimen slides and images, learning to identify them. “Pathology is a visual science. I found it more enjoyable than memorizing notes,” she recalls. After a surgical pathology elective during her clinical rotations, she was hooked. “In medicine it can be hard to find the field you love,” says Boland, who is now a pathologist at Mayo Clinic. “I was lucky enough to find it.” Boland began practicing at Mayo three years ago, after com- pleting a pathology residency as well as pulmonary and surgical pathology fellowships there. She specializes in pulmonary and bone and soft-tissue pathology. Her particular expertise is in lung and chest sarcomas. “They’re a rare and interesting set of tumors,” she says. “Very few are diagnosed in this country each year.” Like many Mayo pathologists, she spends about half her time evaluating specimens from around the world for Mayo Medical Laboratories and the other half evaluating specimens from Mayo patients. Depending on case complexity, she evaluates around 25 to 50 specimens each day. “I like the mystery-solving of pathol- ogy,” she says. Boland is one of 332 pathologists who practice in Minnesota, according to the Minnesota Board of Medical Practice. Often thought of as either white-coated geeks hunched over microscopes or sexy swashbucklers who spend more time solving crimes than analyzing specimens (thanks to TV), pathologists 20 | MINNESOTA MEDICINE | OCTOBER 2014 ON THE COVER OCTOBER 2014 | MINNESOTA MEDICINE | 21 ON THE COVER are sleuths working behind the scenes to ogy, Boland says, adding that many don’t years for neuropathology). -
Forensic Medicine
YEREVAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY AFTER M. HERATSI DEPARTMENT OF Sh. Vardanyan K. Avagyan S. Hakobyan FORENSIC MEDICINE Handout for foreign students YEREVAN 2007 This handbook is adopted by the Methodical Council of Foreign Students of the University DEATH AND ITS CAUSES Thanatology deals with death in all its aspects. Death is of two types: (1) somatic, systemic or clinical, and (2) molecular or cellular. Somatic Death: It is the complete and irreversible stoppage of the circulation, respiration and brain functions, but there is no legal definition of death. THE MOMENT OF DEATH: Historically (medically and legally), the concept of death was that of "heart and respiration death", i.e. stoppage of spontaneous heart and breathing functions. Heart-lung bypass machines, mechanical respirators, and other devices, however have changed this medically in favor of a new concept "brain death", that is, irreversible loss of Cerebral function. Brain death is of three types: (1) Cortical or cerebral death with an intact brain stem. This produces a vegetative state in which respiration continues, but there is total loss of power of perception by the senses. This state of deep coma can be produced by cerebral hypoxia, toxic conditions or widespread brain injury. (2) Brain stem death, where the cerebrum may be intact, though cut off functionally by the stem lesion. The loss of the vital centers that control respiration, and of the ascending reticular activating system that sustains consciousness, cause the victim to be irreversibly comatose and incapable of spontaneous breathing. This can be produced by raised intracranial pressure, cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage, etc.(3) Whole brain death (combination of 1 and 2). -
Medicolegal Death Investigation Forensic Pathology: Forensic
Medicolegal Death Investigation Forensic Pathology: Forensic pathology is a specific practice of medicine and subspecialty of pathology that directs its efforts to the examination of dead persons (and sometimes live persons) to provide an opinion concerning the: • cause, mechanism, and manner of disease, injury, or death; • identification of persons; • significance of biological and physical evidence; • correlation and/or reconstruction of wounds, wound patterns, and sequences. Forensic pathology is an integral component of comprehensive medicolegal death investigation. Forensic pathology applies techniques of pathology to the needs and protection of public health, Homeland Security (surveillance and mass disaster operations), public safety, quality assurance, education in medicine, research, jurisprudence, and the administration of justice. The highest goal of forensic pathology is the development of strategies to prevent injury, disease, and death. Forensic Pathologists: Forensic pathologists should be physicians specially trained in forensic pathology and board-certified by the American Board of Pathology or a non- USA trained pathologist with equivalent certification. The practicing forensic pathologist is licensed as a physician in one or more states and is skilled in conducting death investigations, interpreting injuries in both fatal and non-fatal cases, performing medicolegal examinations, determining disease/injury causation to an appropriate degree of medical certainty, and determining cause and manner of death. Forensic pathologists -
Mummies and Mummification He Egyptian Ministry of Tourism Reported That a Twhopping 13.6 Million Tourists Visited the Country in 2019, up 21% from the Previous Year
MUSEUM FRIDAY FEATURE Mummies and Mummification he Egyptian Ministry of Tourism reported that a Twhopping 13.6 million tourists visited the country in 2019, up 21% from the previous year. While there are many reasons to visit this fascinating country, we might surmise that a substantial portion of Egypt’s eternal allure can be summed in one word: mummies. They are as synonymous with Egypt as sand is to the Sahara. Take the mummies and tombs away from Egypt, and its timeless appeal would evaporate like a drop of water on the desert. Mummification in ancient Egypt arose from beliefs surrounding the afterlife, and the idea that the ka (soul) left the body at death, but reunited with it if the deceased passed successfully into Aaru or the “Field of Reeds,” a heaven-like place for the righteous. Final judgment involved weighing the heart (in which the ka resided) before the god Osiris in the Underworld. In 2018, Egyptologists broke the news of the astounding discovery of an underground mummification chamber at Saqqara. The facility included a natural ventilation system, channels to drain blood, an enormous incense burner (to repel insects), and the remains of hundreds of small jars, many of which contained antibacterial agents. Substances like myrrh, cassia, cedar, etc., could be used to inhibit decomposition, but they came with a cost, and thus turning a human body into a mummy was not cheap. Male Mummy Mask Full mummification took seventy days, but only the Egyptian, Roman period, 1st–2nd c. CE elite could afford such a deluxe funeral package. -
Uses of Pathological Testimony and Autopsy Reports at Trial J
University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives Faculty Scholarship 1983 When Death is the Issue: Uses of Pathological Testimony and Autopsy Reports at Trial J. Thomas Sullivan University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lawrepository.ualr.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Criminal Procedure Commons Recommended Citation J. Thomas Sullivan, When Death is the Issue: Uses of Pathological Testimony and Autopsy Reports at Trial, 19 Willamette L. Rev. 579 (1983). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHEN DEATH IS THE ISSUE: USES OF PATHOLOGICAL TESTIMONY AND AUTOPSY REPORTS AT TRIALt J. THOMAS SULLIVAN* "Death is at the bottom of everything... Leave death to the professionals. " Calloway, The Third Man Trial lawyers often must present or confront evidence concern- ing the death of a party, victim or witness in the course of litigation. Clearly, the fact of death is a key issue considered in homicide' and wrongful death actions.' It may also prove significant in other pro- ceedings, either as the focal point of litigation-as in contested pro- bate matters-or in respect to some collateral matter, such as the death of a witness who might otherwise testify.' Generally, the party t Copyright, 1982 * B.A., University of Texas at Austin; J.D., Southern Methodist University; LLM Can- didate, University of Texas at Austin; Appellate Defender, New Mexico Public Defender Department. -
It Is Immoral to Require Consent for Cadaver Organ Donation
EDITORIALS 125 Cadaver organ donation considering the human being—is finite; ................................................................................... senescence starts with the zygote, and J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/jme.29.3.130 on 1 June 2003. Downloaded from corporeal death is its inevitable end. After death the human body decays, a It is immoral to require consent for process with which few are familiar and which excites revulsion which is both cadaver organ donation instinctive and learned. The instinctive part of this revulsion I think is easily H E Emson explained, as an inherited reflex ac- quired by ancestral experience that ................................................................................... rotten meat is not good to eat. Embedded very deeply in the nature of humanity No one has the right to say what should be done to their body there is another element to this, a belief after death that death is not the end of the soul and that the life of the body can somehow persist or be restored. This was expressed n my opinion any concept of property them have ever viewed and touched a in the burial practices of the earliest in the human body either during life or human cadaver, or seen a decomposing humans, in the staining of bones of the Iafter death is biologically inaccurate body. deceased with red pigment as a symbol and morally wrong. The body should be Out of all this I have become what I of continuing or resurgent life. Such regarded as on loan to the individual understand is termed a dichotomist, one practices have been elaborated by many from the biomass, to which the cadaver who believes that the body and soul are different cultures, as in preservation and will inevitably return. -
Review of Adipocere Formation on Decomposing Bodies by Jess Lawn
Review of adipocere formation on decomposing bodies By Jess Lawn A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Forensic Science (Professional Practice) in The School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Principal Supervisor: Paola A. Magni Academic Supervisor: Associate Professor James Speers Semester 1, 2017 1 Declaration I declare that this manuscript does not contain any material submitted previously for the award of any other degree or diploma at any university or other tertiary institution. Furthermore, to the best of my knowledge, it does not contain any material previously published or written by another individual, except where due references has been made in the text. Finally, I declare that all reported experimentations performed in this research were carried out by myself, except that any contribution by others, with whom I have worked is explicitly acknowledged. Signed: Jess Lawn Dated: 15/07/2017 ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank Dr Paola A. Magni for her guidance and constructive feedback during the construction of this paper. I would also like to thank my family for their constant support and encouragement throughout this process and beyond. iii Table of Contents Title page…………………………………………………………………………………………………… i Declaration………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………… iii Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………. iv Part One Literature Review………………………………………………………………………………………. 1‐56 Title Page................................................................................................... -
Humans Are Mortal?! I'm Calling My Attorney
Humans Are Mortal?! I’m Calling My Attorney Marshall B. Kapp, JD, MPH Florida State University Center for Innovative Collaboration in Medicine & Law [email protected] Excluded from this Discussion • Legal planning to maintain prospective autonomy (control) at the border of life and death during the process of dying (e.g., advance medical directives, “do not” orders) Maintaining Posthumous Control • “Come back to haunt you”—1,340,000 results • “Beyond the grave”—2,890,000 results • “Worth more dead than alive”—1,080, 000 results Using the Law to Create Our Legacies • We all want to be remembered. We are the “future dead of America.” • “The law plays a critical role in enabling people to live on following death. Whenever the law provides a mechanism for enforcing people’s wishes—whether it is with respect to their body, property, or reputation—it gives people a degree of immortality.” Areas of Posthumous Control • Property • Body • Reputation • Creations with commercial value • Limits to posthumous control (e.g., voting) Property • Right to control disposition of property at death (through wills and trusts) to others= power to control the behavior of others – During the property owner’s life – After the property owner’s death • Right to leave property for charitable purposes = – ability to leave a legacy, achieve immortality, perpetuate one’s name (e.g., Marshall’s alma maters). “Naming opportunities” – ability to seek salvation, absolution for past wrongs (e.g., Nobel) • Right to leave property for non-charitable purposes (e.g., care of a pet, build a monument) • Law respects American value of respect for private property. -
In Respect of People Living in a Permanent Vegetative State - and Allowing Them to Die Lois Shepherd
Health Matrix: The Journal of Law- Medicine Volume 16 | Issue 2 2006 In Respect of People Living in a Permanent Vegetative State - and Allowing Them to Die Lois Shepherd Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/healthmatrix Part of the Health Law and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Lois Shepherd, In Respect of People Living in a Permanent Vegetative State - and Allowing Them to Die, 16 Health Matrix 631 (2006) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/healthmatrix/vol16/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Health Matrix: The ourJ nal of Law-Medicine by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. IN RESPECT OF PEOPLE LIVING IN A PERMANENT VEGETATIVE STATE- AND ALLOWING THEM TO DIE Lois Shepherd PROPOSAL 1. Recognize the person in a permanent vegetative state as a liv- ing person with rights to self-determination, bodily integrity, and medical privacy. 2. Recognize that people in a permanent vegetative state are not like other people who are severely disabled in that they have abso- lutely no interest in continued living. 3. Recognize that for people in a permanent vegetative state, the current legal presumption in favor of indefinite tube feeding generally does not allow their preferences or their interests to prevail; change that presumption only for people in a permanent vegetative state to favor discontinuing tube feeding. 4. Require judicial or quasi-judicial review of continued tube feeding after a specified period of time following the onset of the per- son's vegetative state, such as two years, well beyond the period when diagnosis of permanent vegetative state can be determined to a high- degree of medical certainty. -
Death & Decomposition Part II
Death & Decomposition Part II Review: Why is TSD/PMI so important? Review: What happens in the Fresh (1st) Stage of Decomposition? STAGE 2: Bloat ⦿ 0-10 days ⦿ Putrefaction: bacterially-induced destruction of soft tissue and gas formation › Skin blisters and marbling › Build-up of fluids from ruptured cells and intestines Putrefaction – the gross stuff ➢ Decomposition that occurs as a result of bacteria and other microorganisms ➢ Results in gradual dissolution of solid tissue into gases and liquids, and salts Putrefaction ➢ Characteristics: ○ Greenish discoloration ○ Darkening of the face ○ Bloating and formation of liquid or gas-filled blisters ○ Skin slippage Putrefaction ➢ Begins about 36 hours after death ➢ Further destruction is caused by maggots and insects ➢ Above 40 F, insects will feed until the body is skeletonized Influences of Putrefaction ➢ Heavy clothing and other coverings speed up the process by holding in body heat ➢ Injuries to the body surface promote putrefaction ○ provide portals of entry for bacteria Marbling Stage 3: Active Decay ➢ 10-20 days after death ➢ Body begins to collapse and black surfaces are exposed ➢ Bloated body collapses and leaves a flattened body ➢ Body fluids drain from body Active Decay Active Decay: Destruction of Tissue • Severe decomp can result in complete destruction of soft tissue Active Decay: Advanced Decomposition Stage 4: Dry Decay ➢ 20-365 days after death ➢ Remaining flesh on body is removed and body dries out ➢ Body is dry and continues to decay very slowly due to lack of moisture ➢ -
Forensic Facial Reconstruction SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE
SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE Paper No. and Title PAPER No. 11: Forensic Anthropology Module No. and Title MODULE No. 21: Forensic Facial Reconstruction Module Tag FSC_P11_M21 FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 11: Forensic Anthropology MODULE No. 21: Forensic Facial Reconstruction TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 2.1. History 3. Types of Identification 3.1. Circumstantial Identification 3.2. Positive Identification 4. Types of Reconstruction 4.1. Two-Dimensional Reconstruction 4.2. Three- Dimensional Reconstruction 4.3. Superimposition 5. Techniques for creating facial reconstruction 6. Steps of facial reconstruction 7. Limitations of Facial Reconstruction 8. Summary FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 11: Forensic Anthropology MODULE No. 21: Forensic Facial Reconstruction 1. Learning Outcomes After studying this module, you will be able to know- About facial reconstruction About types of identification and reconstruction About various techniques of facial reconstruction and steps of facial reconstruction. About limitations of facial reconstruction 2. Introduction Amalgamation of artistry with forensic science, osteology, anatomy and anthropology to recreate the face of an individual from its skeletal remains is known as Forensic Facial reconstruction. It is also known as forensic facial approximation. It recreates the individual’s face from features of skull. It is used by anthropologists, forensic investigators and archaeologists to help in portraying historical faces, identification of victims of crime or illustrate the features if fossil human ancestors. Two and three dimensional approaches are available for facial reconstruction. In forensic science, it is one of the most controversial and subjective technique. This method is successfully used inspite of this controversy. There are two types of methods of reconstruction which are used i.e.