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Home , Azov, Don (river), Taganrog, White Sea

There are 3 ports of the river in the Nothern part of the Bay of the of (basin of the , the Atlantic ) – Rostov on Don, Azov and Taganrog. These ports are the «gate» of Integrated Deep-water System (IDS) of , which includes the rivers of Don, Kama, , Swir, the , the Lake and the Lake Beloye, as well as navigation canals connecting them: the Volga-Don Canal, the Volga-Baltic Route and the Canal. Thereby IDS connects five : the Black Sea, the and the in the South of the land, the and the White Sea in the Northwest. In the mentioned ports a steady nomenclature of handled cargo is formed - grain crops, oil products, metals, scrap metal, coal and coke, containers, wood, mineral fertilizers, piece and chemical goods. Dynamics of cargo traffic and shipping during 2007-2011 Port Quantity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Freight turnover, millions tons 6,9 6,6 7,2 8,3 10,7 Rostov Puttings in at the port 5 376 6 588 5 817 5 915 7 232 Freight turnover, millions tons 3,6 4,2 4,6 4,3 5,0 Azov Puttings in at the port 2 407 2 794 3 073 1 845 3 279 Freight turnover, millions tons 3,2 2,6 3,0 2,9 3,5 Taganrog Puttings in at the port 1 082 905 799 755 898 The trend of increasing of cargo transportation in this direction is caused by an advantageous geographical location, presence of demand for foreign trade transportations on vessels of mixed type “river - sea” of freight-carrying capacity from 3000 till 7 000 tons, stable development of business of big exporters of agricultural products (grain crops, oilseed crops and products of their processing). Considerable buried reserve of cargo traffic increasing in the Azov basin is connected with integration of internal waterways of Russia into the system of international transport corridors. It should be noted that the main hindrance in this way was eliminated, – in 2008 the second string of the shipping lock of the Kochetovski water-engineering system was put into operation. Along with it, it is necessary to know hydro-meteorological special features inherent in this area. The is situated in the northeast part of the Sea of Azov and is its largest and most isolated bay. It is separated from the sea by the spits Dolgaya and Belosarayskaya. The length of the bay is about 74 nautical miles. During the winter period the Sea of Azov is at the junction of atmospheric fronts and - as a consequence - is in adverse weather conditions videlicet – there is a zone of high atmospheric pressure near the sea in the north of it, from which cold continental air trends to the sea, this leads to freezing of the sea from December till March. The first frosts in the Taganrog Bay come to the Nothern coast in October, and to the Southern part of the sea – in the first half of November. In winter the temperature can fall till 25- 30° below zero. In some years the freeze-up goes on 4 months, from December till March. The thickness of the ice can reach 50-80 cm, ice hummocks about 2 m and more. First ice appears in the Taganrog Bay. Costal parts of the sea and the Taganrog Bay get covered with continuous ice cover. There is floating ice in the central part of the Sea of Azov and around of the Kerch strait. In the Sea of Azov and the Taganrog Bay a year-round navigation is provided. 8 months (from the 1st of April till the 1st of December) the summer navigation lasts. It is accompanied by intensive traffic of transit fleet from internal waterways of the Russian Federation via ports of Rostov on Don and Azov to the Kerch strait and the . Winter navigation in the Sea of Azov and the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov, Taganrog is provided by the realization of ice pilotages of vessels by ice-breakers of the Federal State Uniraty Enterprise «Rosmorport» («Kapitan Demidov», «Kapitan Moshkin», «Kapitan Chudinov», «Kapitan Kharchikov», «Kama» and «Fanagoriya») during the period from the 1st of December till the 1st of April. Nr Name of the Type and purpose Model year Power MW Operation area vessel 1 «Kapitan Ice-breaker, 1984 4,815 Sea of Azov Demidov» linear pilotages 2 «Kapitan Ice-breaker, 1986 4,815 Sea of Azov Moshkin» linear pilotages 3 «Kapitan Ice-breaker, 1983 4,815 Sea of Azov Chudinov» linear pilotages 4 «Kapitan Ice-breaker – tug, Water area of the Kharchikov» port ice-breaker 1957 1,660 ports of Rostov on Don and Azov 5 «Kama» Ice-breaker – tug, Water area of the 1957 1,475 port ice-breaker port of Taganrog 6 «Fanagoriya» Ice-breaker – pusher tug, Water area of the port ice-breaker 1978 0,544 port of Rostov on Don For maintenance of step-by-step replacement of the existing ice-breaking fleet for the purpose of the ensuring of all-year-round navigation in freezing ports of the Russian Federation, the Central Research and Development Institute of Marine the «Development of the Program of the State Ice-breaking Fleet for the period till 2030» is prepared. This program considers prospect of development of cargo transshipment in the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov, Taganrog and the necessity of step-by-step increasing of the ice-breaking vessels quantity. With the beginning of the winter navigation the ice-breaking pilotages in the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov, Taganrog are declared by the orders of Captains of corresponding ports. These orders limit the age of vessels to be handled (30 years). Besides, according to the classification of the Russian Sea Register of Navigation must have an ice class not under «Ice-1» or analogous of the Classification Society of a IACS member (International Association of Classification Societies). The general organization and management of ice-breaking pilotages is carried out by the Captain of the Taganrog seaport according to the «Arrangement plan of ice-breakers for the winter navigation 2011-2012», confirmed by the Federal Agency of sea and rive transport. Ice-breakers «Kapitan Demidov», «Kapitan Moshkin», «Kapitan Chudinov» being under the jurisdiction of the Azov Basin branch of FSUE «Rosmorport», are in an operative management of Headquarters of the ports of Taganrog, Azov, Rostov on Don. The general organization of ice pilotage of transport vessels in the Sea of Azov consist of the following steps:  Forming of ice caravans in the roads of the ports of Rostov on Don, Taganrog, Azov,Yeysk;  Ice pilotage of caravan from the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov through the Azov-Don sea canal, length 13 nautical miles, till to the reception buoy in the Sea of Azov;  Ice pilotage of the caravan of vessels from the port of Taganrog through the Taganrog passing canal, length 10 nautical miles, to the reception buoy in the Sea of Azov;  Ice pilotage of the caravan of vessels from the port of Yeysk through the Yeysk lock-approach canal, length 12 nautical miles, to Yeysk separating buoy situated in the Sea of Azov at the exit of the Taganrog Bay;  Organization of 10-20 vessel ice-providing caravans on the basis of the pilotage by two linear ice-breakers from Varsov buoy of the Kerch-Yenikalskiy canal of the Kerch strait of the Black Sea. As a rule the Headquarter of ice operations practices the vessel pilotage in opposite directions for ensuring of uninterrupted operation of ports, terminals and stevedore companies. Quantity of freights and vessels pilotaged during the winter navigations of 2007-2011 Port Quantity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Rostov / Freight turnover, millions tons 2,8 2,5 2,5 3,2 2,8 Azov Puttings in at the port 1 651 1 315 1 405 1 869 1 577 Freight turnover, millions tons 0,8 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 Taganrog Puttings in at the port 584 504 400 425 486

Freight turnover part in the year turnover in the period of the winter navigation operated by ports (percentage) Port 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Rostov/Azov 27 23 21 25 18 Taganrog 25 19 17 21 20

Thus, the weighted average part of the turnover of the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov and Taganrog during four months of the winter navigation reaches 20% of total annual turnover.