DOCSLIB.ORG

There Are 3 Ports of the River Don in the Nothern Part of the Taganrog

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
There Are 3 Ports of the River Don in the Nothern Part of the Taganrog There are 3 ports of the river Don in the Nothern part of the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov (basin of the Black Sea, the Atlantic Ocean) – Rostov on Don, Azov and Taganrog. These ports are the «gate» of Integrated Deep-water System (IDS) of Russia, which includes the rivers of Don, Kama, Volga, Swir, the Lake Ladoga, the Lake Onega and the Lake Beloye, as well as navigation canals connecting them: the Volga-Don Canal, the Volga-Baltic Route and the Moscow Canal. Thereby IDS connects five seas: the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea in the South of the land, the Baltic Sea and the White Sea in the Northwest. In the mentioned ports a steady nomenclature of handled cargo is formed - grain crops, oil products, metals, scrap metal, coal and coke, containers, wood, mineral fertilizers, piece and chemical goods. Dynamics of cargo traffic and shipping during 2007-2011 Port Quantity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Freight turnover, millions tons 6,9 6,6 7,2 8,3 10,7 Rostov Puttings in at the port 5 376 6 588 5 817 5 915 7 232 Freight turnover, millions tons 3,6 4,2 4,6 4,3 5,0 Azov Puttings in at the port 2 407 2 794 3 073 1 845 3 279 Freight turnover, millions tons 3,2 2,6 3,0 2,9 3,5 Taganrog Puttings in at the port 1 082 905 799 755 898 The trend of increasing of cargo transportation in this direction is caused by an advantageous geographical location, presence of demand for foreign trade transportations on vessels of mixed type “river - sea” of freight-carrying capacity from 3000 till 7 000 tons, stable development of business of big exporters of agricultural products (grain crops, oilseed crops and products of their processing). Considerable buried reserve of cargo traffic increasing in the Azov basin is connected with integration of internal waterways of Russia into the system of international transport corridors. It should be noted that the main hindrance in this way was eliminated, – in 2008 the second string of the shipping lock of the Kochetovski water-engineering system was put into operation. Along with it, it is necessary to know hydro-meteorological special features inherent in this area. The Taganrog Bay is situated in the northeast part of the Sea of Azov and is its largest and most isolated bay. It is separated from the sea by the spits Dolgaya and Belosarayskaya. The length of the bay is about 74 nautical miles. During the winter period the Sea of Azov is at the junction of atmospheric fronts and - as a consequence - is in adverse weather conditions videlicet – there is a zone of high atmospheric pressure near the sea in the north of it, from which cold continental air trends to the sea, this leads to freezing of the sea from December till March. The first frosts in the Taganrog Bay come to the Nothern coast in October, and to the Southern part of the sea – in the first half of November. In winter the temperature can fall till 25- 30° below zero. In some years the freeze-up goes on 4 months, from December till March. The thickness of the ice can reach 50-80 cm, ice hummocks about 2 m and more. First ice appears in the Taganrog Bay. Costal parts of the sea and the Taganrog Bay get covered with continuous ice cover. There is floating ice in the central part of the Sea of Azov and around of the Kerch strait. In the Sea of Azov and the Taganrog Bay a year-round navigation is provided. 8 months (from the 1st of April till the 1st of December) the summer navigation lasts. It is accompanied by intensive traffic of transit fleet from internal waterways of the Russian Federation via ports of Rostov on Don and Azov to the Kerch strait and the Mediterranean Sea. Winter navigation in the Sea of Azov and the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov, Taganrog is provided by the realization of ice pilotages of vessels by ice-breakers of the Federal State Uniraty Enterprise «Rosmorport» («Kapitan Demidov», «Kapitan Moshkin», «Kapitan Chudinov», «Kapitan Kharchikov», «Kama» and «Fanagoriya») during the period from the 1st of December till the 1st of April. Nr Name of the Type and purpose Model year Power MW Operation area vessel 1 «Kapitan Ice-breaker, 1984 4,815 Sea of Azov Demidov» linear pilotages 2 «Kapitan Ice-breaker, 1986 4,815 Sea of Azov Moshkin» linear pilotages 3 «Kapitan Ice-breaker, 1983 4,815 Sea of Azov Chudinov» linear pilotages 4 «Kapitan Ice-breaker – tug, Water area of the Kharchikov» port ice-breaker 1957 1,660 ports of Rostov on Don and Azov 5 «Kama» Ice-breaker – tug, Water area of the 1957 1,475 port ice-breaker port of Taganrog 6 «Fanagoriya» Ice-breaker – pusher tug, Water area of the port ice-breaker 1978 0,544 port of Rostov on Don For maintenance of step-by-step replacement of the existing ice-breaking fleet for the purpose of the ensuring of all-year-round navigation in freezing ports of the Russian Federation, the Central Research and Development Institute of Marine the «Development of the Program of the State Ice-breaking Fleet for the period till 2030» is prepared. This program considers prospect of development of cargo transshipment in the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov, Taganrog and the necessity of step-by-step increasing of the ice-breaking vessels quantity. With the beginning of the winter navigation the ice-breaking pilotages in the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov, Taganrog are declared by the orders of Captains of corresponding ports. These orders limit the age of vessels to be handled (30 years). Besides, according to the classification of the Russian Sea Register of Navigation must have an ice class not under «Ice-1» or analogous of the Classification Society of a IACS member (International Association of Classification Societies). The general organization and management of ice-breaking pilotages is carried out by the Captain of the Taganrog seaport according to the «Arrangement plan of ice-breakers for the winter navigation 2011-2012», confirmed by the Federal Agency of sea and rive transport. Ice-breakers «Kapitan Demidov», «Kapitan Moshkin», «Kapitan Chudinov» being under the jurisdiction of the Azov Basin branch of FSUE «Rosmorport», are in an operative management of Headquarters of the ports of Taganrog, Azov, Rostov on Don. The general organization of ice pilotage of transport vessels in the Sea of Azov consist of the following steps: Forming of ice caravans in the roads of the ports of Rostov on Don, Taganrog, Azov,Yeysk; Ice pilotage of caravan from the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov through the Azov-Don sea canal, length 13 nautical miles, till to the reception buoy in the Sea of Azov; Ice pilotage of the caravan of vessels from the port of Taganrog through the Taganrog passing canal, length 10 nautical miles, to the reception buoy in the Sea of Azov; Ice pilotage of the caravan of vessels from the port of Yeysk through the Yeysk lock-approach canal, length 12 nautical miles, to Yeysk separating buoy situated in the Sea of Azov at the exit of the Taganrog Bay; Organization of 10-20 vessel ice-providing caravans on the basis of the pilotage by two linear ice-breakers from Varsov buoy of the Kerch-Yenikalskiy canal of the Kerch strait of the Black Sea. As a rule the Headquarter of ice operations practices the vessel pilotage in opposite directions for ensuring of uninterrupted operation of ports, terminals and stevedore companies. Quantity of freights and vessels pilotaged during the winter navigations of 2007-2011 Port Quantity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Rostov / Freight turnover, millions tons 2,8 2,5 2,5 3,2 2,8 Azov Puttings in at the port 1 651 1 315 1 405 1 869 1 577 Freight turnover, millions tons 0,8 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 Taganrog Puttings in at the port 584 504 400 425 486 Freight turnover part in the year turnover in the period of the winter navigation operated by ports (percentage) Port 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Rostov/Azov 27 23 21 25 18 Taganrog 25 19 17 21 20 Thus, the weighted average part of the turnover of the ports of Rostov on Don, Azov and Taganrog during four months of the winter navigation reaches 20% of total annual turnover. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RUSSIA: "Extremism" Charges for Possessing Muslim Books, Jehovah's Witness Community Ban Confirmed
    FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief 20 November 2014 RUSSIA: "Extremism" charges for possessing Muslim books, Jehovah's Witness community ban confirmed By Victoria Arnold, Forum 18 News Service The criminal trial of six Russian Muslims accused of "extremism" for alleged involvement in "Nurdzhular", an organisation which Muslims deny exists, began in Perm on 16 October, Forum 18 News Service has learnt. Two women facing the same charges in Krasnoyarsk will go on trial on 27 November, and another man in Rostov-on-Don is likely to be tried soon after. Four more people are soon to be brought to court on similar charges. Another Muslim from Perm, who reads the works of the late Turkish Muslim theologian Said Nursi, was given a suspended prison sentence in June. Also, the Jehovah's Witness community in Samara - forcibly liquidated on charges of "extremism" - has been unable to overturn the liquidation ruling on 12 November in the Supreme Court. In Taganrog a similar 2009 liquidation also upheld by the Supreme Court has been used to justify banning all Jehovah's Witness activity. Subsequently, seven Jehovah's Witnesses were found guilty of "extremism" in August 2014 for continuing to meet together for prayer and Bible study. The criminal trial of six men accused of "extremism" for alleged involvement in "Nurdzhular", an organisation which Muslims in Russia deny exists, began in the Urals city of Perm on 16 October, Forum 18 News Service has learnt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Soviet Doctrine of the Closed Sea
    The Soviet Doctrine of the Closed Sea JOSEPH J. DARBY* The Soviet Union's maritime borders include several enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. In order to strengthen its military defenses, Russian jurists, both Tsarist and Soviet, developed and offered to the community of nations the doctrine of the closed sea. According to this doctrine, which has never become part of customary inter- national law, the warships of all nonlittoral countries of certain designated peripheralseas would have no right to enter and navi- gate on those seas. Professor Darby analyzes the application of the doctrine to one of the most important of the peripheralseas on the borders of the USSR, namely the Black Sea, in light of recent history and contemporary developments in the Law of the Sea. SOVIET PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Writing in 1959, Gregorii Tunkin, who is generally recognized as the most authoritative spokesman of Soviet international law, stated that the international law position of a country is "determined by the basic principles of its foreign policy."' As far as it goes, this state- ment appears to be an accurate reflection of how the leaders of the Soviet Union perceive the nature and function of international law. International law is a means to be used by legal technicians to ad- vance the foreign policy goals of the Soviet state. Soviet legal schol- ars, whose writings are often obtuse and highly generalized, have al- ways been quite clear on this-no rule of international law is binding on the Soviet Union unless, through an unequivocal sovereign act, the Soviet Union has expressly and formally given its consent to be bound by it.
    [Show full text]
  • Radioactivity in the Arctic Seas
    IAEA-TECDOC-1075 XA9949696 Radioactivity in the Arctic Seas Report for the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) ffl INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCA / Y / 1JrrziZr^AA 30-16 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Radiometrics Section International Atomic Energy Agency Marine Environment Laboratory B.P. 800 MC 98012 Monaco Cedex RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ARCTIC SEAS IAEA, VIENNA, 1999 IAEA-TECDOC-1075 ISSN 1011-4289 ©IAEA, 1999 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i d b a April 1999 FOREWORD From 199 o 1993t e Internationa6th l Atomic Energy Agency's Marine Environment Laboratory (IAEA-MEL s engage IAEA'e wa ) th n di s International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP whicn i ) h emphasi bees ha sn place criticaa n do l revie f environmentawo l conditions in the Arctic Seas. IAEA-MEe Th L programme, organize framewore th n dIASAi e th f ko P included: (i) an oceanographic and an ecological description of the Arctic Seas; provisioe th (ii )centra a f no l database facilitIASAe th r yfo P programm collectione th r efo , synthesi interpretatiod san datf nmarino n ao e radioactivit Arctie th n yi c Seas; (iii) participation in official expeditions to the Kara Sea organized by the joint Russian- Norwegian Experts Group (1992, 1993 and 1994), the Russian Academy of Sciences (1994), and the Naval Research Laboratory and Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (1995); (iv) assistance wit d n laboratorsiti han u y based radiometric measurement f curreno s t radionuclide concentrations in the Kara Sea; (v) organization of analytical quality assurance intercalibration exercises among the participating laboratories; (vi) computer modellin e potentiath f o g l dispersa f radionuclideo l s released froe mth dumped f assessmeno wast d associatee ean th f o t d radiological consequencee th f o s disposals on local, regional and global scales; (vii) in situ and laboratory based assessment of distribution coefficients (Kd) and concentration factor sArctie (CFth r c)fo environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Stages of Two Neolithisation Models in the Lower Volga Basin
    Documenta Praehistorica XLIII (2016) Initial stages of two Neolithisation models in the Lower Volga basin Aleksandr Vybornov Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, RU [email protected] ABSTRACT – In this paper, two groups of ancient sites located in the Lower Volga River basin are analysed. The first group is linked to the emergence of the oldest pottery in this region, which is one of the most ancient in Europe. The presence of this feature of the ‘Neolithic package’ can be dated to the middle of the 7th millenium BC. A production economy is a particular feature of the second group of sites, which can be dated to the end of the 6th millenium BC. This is one of the earliest pieces of evidence of the existence of domesticated species in Eastern Europe. These two groups of sites show the initial stages of two Neolithisation models in the Lower Volga basin. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠lanku analiziramo dve skupini najdi∏≠ na obmo≠ju spodnjega dela reke Volge. Prva skupina je vezana na pojav najstarej∏e lon≠enine na tem prostoru, ki je hkrati ena najstarej∏ih v Ev- ropi. Navzo≠nost lon≠enine, ki je del t. i. ‘neolitskega paketa’, lahko datiramo v sredino 7. tiso≠letja pr. n. ∏t. Pojav produktivnega gospodarstva je zna≠ilnost druge skupine najdi∏≠, ki jih datiramo na konec 6. tiso≠letja pr. n. ∏t. To je eden najstarej∏ih dokazov o navzo≠nosti udoma≠enih vrst ∫ivali v Vzhodni Evropi. Obe skupini najdi∏≠ predstavljata za≠etne stopnje dveh razli≠nih modelov neolitiza- cije na obmo≠ju spodnje Volge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Scythian Torque
    IJCC, Vol, 6, No. 2, 69〜82(2003) A Study on the Scythian Torque Moon-Ja Kim Professor, Dept, of Clothing & Textiles, Suwon University (Received May 2, 2003) Abstract The Scythians had a veritable passion for adornment, delighting in decorating themselves no less than their horses and belongings. Their love of jewellery was expressed at every turn. The most magnificent pieces naturally come from the royal tombs. In the area of the neck and chest the Scythian had a massive gold Torques, a symbol of power, made of gold, turquoise, cornelian coral and even amber. The entire surface of the torque, like that of many of the other artefacts, is decorated with depictions of animals. Scythian Torques are worn with the decorative terminals to the front. It was put a Torque on, grasped both terminals and placed the opening at the back of the neck. It is possible the Torque signified its wearer's religious leadership responsibilities. Scythian Torques were divided into several types according to the shape, Torque with Terminal style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crown style, Crescent-shaped pectoral style. Key words : Crescent-shaped pectoral style, Layers style, Scythian Torque, Spiral style, Terminal style role in the Scythian kingdom belonged to no­ I • Introduction mads and it conformed to nomadic life. A vivid description of the burial of the Scythian kings The Scythians originated in the central Asian and of ordinary members of the Scythian co­ steppes sometime in the early first millennium, mmunity is contained in Herodotus' History. The BC. After migrating into what is present-day basic characteristics of the Scythian funeral Ukraine, they flourished, from the seventh to the ritual (burials beneath Kurgans according to a third centuries, BC, over a vast expanse of the rite for lating body in its grave) remained un­ steppe that stretched from the Danube, east changed throughout the entire Scythian period.^ across what is modem Ukraine and east of the No less remarkable are the articles from the Black Sea into Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • MEGA Rostov-On-Don Rostov-On-Don, Russia a Way of 15 MLN Life for All VISITORS ANNUALLY
    MEGA Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don, Russia A way of 15 MLN life for all VISITORS ANNUALLY Conveniently located near the M4 federal highway, with Enjoying over 15 million visitors a year, MEGA Rostov-on-Don a competitive mix of anchor tenants, affordable family has the highest footfall in the region. Our concept allows every value, and an exceptional food and beverage offer, guest to find something which appeals to the whole family, be MEGA Rostov-on-Don has the highest brand awareness that leisure or shopping. Our wide range of stores, services and among our competitors. leisure opportunities significantly increases dwell time, providing Luhansk high sales and a fun day out for our guests. Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy Gukovo Donetsk Novoshakhtinsk ShakhtyShakaty Novocherkassk Volgodonsk ROSTOV-ON-DON City Centre Taganrog Bataysk Azov Catchment Areas People Distance ● Primary 40,720 11 km ● Secondary 1,450,920 11–18 km ● Tertiary 2,831,070 > 18–211 km 59% EyskTotal area: 4,322,710 9 33% CUSTOMERS COME BUS ROUTES LIFESTYLE BY CAR GUESTS Sal’sk Tikhoretsk A region with Loyal customers MEGA Rostov is located in the city of Rostov–on-Don and attracts shoppers from all over the strong potential city and surrounding area. MEGA is loved by families, lifestyle and experienced guests alike. Rostov region The city of Rostov-on-Don Rostov region is a part of the Southern Federal District. Considered as a southern capital of Russia, Rostov- GUESTS VISIT MEGA 125 MINS 756km away from Moscow it has major railway routes on-Don has a diverse economical profile, with major AVERAGE 34% 62% 2.7 TIMES PER MONTH DWELL TIME passing in many directions across Russia and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • DRAINAGE BASINS of the WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA and KARA SEA Chapter 1
    38 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 39 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN 42 TULOMA RIVER BASIN 44 JAKOBSELV RIVER BASIN 44 PAATSJOKI RIVER BASIN 45 LAKE INARI 47 NÄATAMÖ RIVER BASIN 47 TENO RIVER BASIN 49 YENISEY RIVER BASIN 51 OB RIVER BASIN Chapter 1 40 WHITE SEA, BARENT SEA AND KARA SEA This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE BARENTS SEA, THE WHITE SEA AND THE KARA SEA Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Oulanka …1 White Sea FI, RU … Kola Fjord > Tuloma 21,140 FI, RU … Barents Sea Jacobselv 400 Barents Sea NO, RU … Paatsjoki 18,403 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Lake Inari Näätämö 2,962 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU … Teno 16,386 Barents Sea FI, NO … Yenisey 2,580,000 Kara Sea MN, RU … Lake Baikal > - Selenga 447,000 Angara > Yenisey > MN, RU Kara Sea Ob 2,972,493 Kara Sea CN, KZ, MN, RU - Irtysh 1,643,000 Ob CN, KZ, MN, RU - Tobol 426,000 Irtysh KZ, RU - Ishim 176,000 Irtysh KZ, RU 1 5,566 km2 to Lake Paanajärvi and 18,800 km2 to the White Sea. Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN1 Finland (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the basin of the Oulanka River.
    [Show full text]
  • Career Break Or a New Career? Extremist Foreign Fighters in Ukraine
    Career Break or a New Career? Extremist Foreign Fighters in Ukraine By Kacper Rekawek (@KacperRekawek) April 2020 Counter Extremism Project (CEP) Germany www.counterextremism.com I @FightExtremism CONTENTS: ABOUT CEP/ABOUT THE AUTHOR 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 5 SECTION I INTRODUCING FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN THE WAR IN UKRAINE 7 THE XRW FOREIGN FIGHTER: A WORLDVIEW 9 TALKING TO FOREIGN FIGHTERS: THEIR WORDS AND SYMBOLS 11 THE “UNHAPPY” FOREING FIGHTERS 13 CIVIL WAR? 15 SECTION II WHY THEY FIGHT 17 A CAREER BREAK OR NEW CAREER? 18 FOREIGN FIGHTERS WAR LOGISTICS 22 SECTION III FOREIGN FIGHTERS AS A THREAT? 25 TENTATIVE CONCLUSION: NEITHER A UKRAINIAN 29 NOR A WESTERN PROBLEM? ENDNOTES 31 Counter Extremism Project (CEP) 1 counterextremism.com About CEP The Counter Extremism Project (CEP) is a not-for-profit, non-partisan, international policy organization formed to combat the growing threat from extremist ideologies. Led by a renowned group of former world leaders and diplomats it combats extremism by pressuring financial and material support networks; countering the narrative of extremists and their online recruitment; and advocating for smart laws, policies, and regulations. About the author Kacper Rekawek, PhD is an affiliated researcher at CEP and a GLOBSEC associate fellow. Between 2016 and 2019 he led the latter’s national security program. Previously, he worked at the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM) and University of Social Sciences in Warsaw, Poland. He held Paul Wilkinson Memorial Fellowship at the Handa Centre
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Organized Crime
    Stanford Model United Nations Conference 2014 Russian Organized Crime Chair: Alina Utrata Co-Chair: Christina Schiciano Crisis Director: Jackie Becker SMUNC 2014 Table of Contents Letter from the Chair . 3 History of Russian Organized Crime . 4 Modernity in Russian Organized Crime . .6 The Crisis . 10 Committee Structure . 12 Character List . 13 Directives . .17 Position Papers . .19 Works Cited . .20 2 SMUNC 2014 Dear Delegates, Welcome to the Russian Organized Crime committee! My name is Alina Utrata and I will be your chair for this upcoming weekend of drama, intrigue, negotiation and, hopefully, making the world a slightly more economically viable place for the Russian mafia. I am currently a sophomore majoring in History. I first got involved with Model United Nations in my freshman year of high school, and I’ve stuck with it this long because nothing parallels the camaraderie of a MUN team. Together, we’ve suffered through the endless team meetings, position paper deadlines and late nights spent drafting resolutions. Whether I’ve been half-way across the country or just meeting new people at school, I’ve always found MUN’ers who can bond over the shared experience of pretending to be UN delegates for a weekend. For that reason, I have co-opted two of my best friends here at Stanford, Christina Schiciano and Jackie Becker, to compose your dias. Christina is a sophomore practically fluent in Arabic; she is currently planning to pursue her studies on the Middle East. Jackie is a sophomore, also undeclared; she is interested in international politics and cultural norms, and involved in many drama and theatre productions on campus.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Use the Digital History Reader
    Module 03: 1917 — Did the War Cause a Revolution? Evidence 29: "Workers' Marseillaise" Introduction Based on the anthem of the French Revolution of 1789, the "Workers' Marseillaise" served as the unofficial anthem of the Provisional Government after the Revolution. While the tune of the song provided a symbolic link to a successful tradition of international revolutionary struggle, the words of the Russian variant appealed directly to a brotherhood of working people "from the Dnepr to the White Sea," and "from the Volga to the Caucasus." Document "Workers' Marseillaise" Verse 1: Let us renounce the ancient world! Let us shake its dust from our feet! We've no need for a golden idol, The tsar's palace we do so hate. The tsar needs soldiers for his forces, So, give up your native sons The tsar needs feasts and he needs palaces, So, why not give up your very own blood? Chorus: Arise, arise working people! Rise up against the foe hungry brother! Sound the cry of the people's vengeance! Forward march, forward march, forward march, march, march. Verse 2: The greedy pack of wealthy kulaks, Steal your own hard labor. Then your work fattens up those gluttons, Who will steal the last bit from your mouth. Have we not enough eternal misery? We'll rise brothers against the spreading plague ? From the Dnepr to the White Sea, And from the Volga to the Caucauses. Chorus: Arise, arise working people! Rise up against the foe hungry brother! Sound the cry of the people's vengeance! Forward march, forward march, forward march, march, march.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Men in Taganrog, Russia*
    Labour in Transition: Women and Men in Taganrog, Russia* By Katarina Katz§ Abstract The paper discusses the effect of economic reforms on gender differences in participation rates and earnings in Russia in the early 1990s. Besides national statistics it uses survey data from the city Taganrog, 1989 and 1993/9. Although local, these repeated cross sections provide unique comparable data from Soviet and post- Soviet Russia. Results agree with national statistics in that participation has decreased and unemployment increased for both men and women. The female/male earnings ratio fell from 66% in 1989, to 61% in 1993, at a moment when real wages for the men too have decreased dramatically. Oaxaca-decompostions of the gender gap indicate that, in both years, the greater part is due to differential rewards but that gender differences in hours worked contribute more to the wage gap 1993 than in Soviet times. JEL Classification: J16, J21, J31, J60, P20 Keywords: Russia, gender gap, labour force participation, transition, labour market * This work was done with the support of the Swedish Council for Social Research and the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences. I am indebted to the Institute for Socio- Economic Population Studies, and in particular to Professor Natalia Rimashevskaya, to Ludmila Nivorozhkina and Anastasia Posadskaya for permission to use the data. I thank Lena Sand for excellent research assistance and her, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Björn Gustafsson, Anita Nyberg and Ann-Mari Sätre for their helpful comments on the paper. Any remaining errors are the responsibility of the author. § Department of Economics, Stockholm University.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baltic-White Sea Canal
    A GULAG: THE WHITE SEA CANAL A Photo Essay by Donald N. Miller Ever since I was a little boy I heard about the Baltic-White Sea Canal. My uncle Heinrich M. Muller was sentenced to a Gulag there in May 1934. Over the years I learned bits and pieces about the canal from various books and articles, and from Sofie Schmalz, Heinrich’s adopted daughter. But my greatest discovery was made in the State Archives in Zhitomir while working on my book, Under Arrest, and in a personal visit I made to the canal with my wife Nancy in June 2004. Heinrich and Berta Muller and their adopted daughter, Sophie What I learned is that the construction of the canal was begun in November 1931. The plan, largely at the insistence of Stalin, was to build a 227 km long (141 miles), 37 km out of solid rock and the remaining 188 km consisting of dammed-up lakes and flooded riverbeds, linking the White Sea to the Baltic Sea. The purpose was to connect the two seas enabling ships carrying timber and minerals from the White Sea to the commercial ports of the Baltic without making the 370-mile journey through the Artic Ocean, and to provide military access to the area in event of war. It was an old idea, first proposed by trade merchants in the 16th C. During the 20 months it took to build the canal, the number of workers reached in excess of 300,000 at its peak. Of these, over 100,000 were devoured by the fierce winters, abysmal living conditions and stringent labor requirements, although some historians put the number of deaths at a substantially higher figure.
    [Show full text]