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Module 03: 1917 — Did the War Cause a Revolution? Evidence 29: "Workers' Marseillaise" Introduction Based on the anthem of the French Revolution of 1789, the "Workers' Marseillaise" served as the unofficial anthem of the Provisional Government after the Revolution. While the tune of the song provided a symbolic link to a successful tradition of international revolutionary struggle, the words of the Russian variant appealed directly to a brotherhood of working people "from the Dnepr to the White Sea," and "from the Volga to the Caucasus." Document "Workers' Marseillaise" Verse 1: Let us renounce the ancient world! Let us shake its dust from our feet! We've no need for a golden idol, The tsar's palace we do so hate. The tsar needs soldiers for his forces, So, give up your native sons The tsar needs feasts and he needs palaces, So, why not give up your very own blood? Chorus: Arise, arise working people! Rise up against the foe hungry brother! Sound the cry of the people's vengeance! Forward march, forward march, forward march, march, march. Verse 2: The greedy pack of wealthy kulaks, Steal your own hard labor. Then your work fattens up those gluttons, Who will steal the last bit from your mouth. Have we not enough eternal misery? We'll rise brothers against the spreading plague ? From the Dnepr to the White Sea, And from the Volga to the Caucauses. Chorus: Arise, arise working people! Rise up against the foe hungry brother! Sound the cry of the people's vengeance! Forward march, forward march, forward march, march, march. Verse 3: After the bloody dawn the sun will rise. The sun of truth and brotherly love. Though we paid a terrible price ? Our blood poured out for the earth?s happiness. Now the time of freedom is here. Lies and evil will vanish forever. And all people will come together In the realm of sacred labor. Chorus: Arise, arise working people! Rise up against the foe hungry brother! Sound the cry of the people?s vengeance! Forward march, forward march, forward march, march, march. Source: Downloaded from http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/sounds/index.htm. .

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The Soviet Doctrine of the Closed Sea
The Soviet Doctrine of the Closed Sea JOSEPH J. DARBY* The Soviet Union's maritime borders include several enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. In order to strengthen its military defenses, Russian jurists, both Tsarist and Soviet, developed and offered to the community of nations the doctrine of the closed sea. According to this doctrine, which has never become part of customary inter- national law, the warships of all nonlittoral countries of certain designated peripheralseas would have no right to enter and navi- gate on those seas. Professor Darby analyzes the application of the doctrine to one of the most important of the peripheralseas on the borders of the USSR, namely the Black Sea, in light of recent history and contemporary developments in the Law of the Sea. SOVIET PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Writing in 1959, Gregorii Tunkin, who is generally recognized as the most authoritative spokesman of Soviet international law, stated that the international law position of a country is "determined by the basic principles of its foreign policy."' As far as it goes, this state- ment appears to be an accurate reflection of how the leaders of the Soviet Union perceive the nature and function of international law. International law is a means to be used by legal technicians to ad- vance the foreign policy goals of the Soviet state. Soviet legal schol- ars, whose writings are often obtuse and highly generalized, have al- ways been quite clear on this-no rule of international law is binding on the Soviet Union unless, through an unequivocal sovereign act, the Soviet Union has expressly and formally given its consent to be bound by it.
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