Environmental Assessment Report Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 40052 June 2007 People’s Republic of China: Kunming Qingshuihai Water Supply Project Prepared by the Kunming municipal government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 11 June 2007) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1309 $1.00 = CNY7.6358 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – affected person EA – executing agency EDZ – East Development Zone EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EPB – environmental protection bureau IA – implementing agency KMG – Kunming municipal government KQWSP – Kunming Qingshuihai Water Supply Project KWSG – Kunming Water Supply Group NADZ – New Airport Development Zone PLG – Project Leading Group PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – resettlement plan RRP – report and recommendation to the President SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SEPA – State Environmental Protection Administration SEPP – Soil Erosion Prevention Plan TA – technical assistance WWTP – wastewater treatment plant YDRI – Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute YEPB – Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter mm – millimeter mu – Chinese unit of area (15 mu = 1 ha) t/km2 – tons per square kilometer NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAPS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. Justification and Rationale for the Project 1 B. Project Components 3 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Physical Environment 6 B. Ecological Resources 8 C. Social and Economic Conditions 10 IV. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES A. Without-Project Alternative 11 B. Continued Use of Dianchi Lake with Additional Water Treatment 11 C. Major Alternative Water Supply Schemes Compared 11 D. Preferred Alternative 13 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits 14 B. Water Availability 15 C. Wastewater Treatment Capacity in Kunming 16 D. Impacts Associated with the Project Location, Planning, and Design 17 E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase 23 F. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operational Phase 26 G. Qingshuihai Water Source Protection 27 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT A. Economic Benefit 28 B. Environmental Safeguard Costs 28 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Environmental Management 29 B. Environmental Monitoring 29 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE A. Stakeholder Consultation before the Environmental Impact Assessment 29 B. Future Plans for Public Participation 30 IX CONCLUSIONS A. Risks 31 B. Benefits 31 C. Potential Adverse Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures 32 D. Use of Irreplaceable Resources 33 E. Follow-Up Monitoring and Environmental Management Requirements 33 APPENDIXES 1. References 2. Environmental Management Plan Map 1 o 100 o 00'E 120 00'E KUNMING QINGSHUIHAI WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Tongjiang HEILONGJIANG Manzhouli Jixian Jiamusi Harbin M O N G O L I A JILIN Suifenhe Changchun Jilin INNER MONGOLIA Siping Tieling Shenyang o Benxi 40 00'N Jingzhou LIAONING Nanfen Dandong Jining Zhangjiakou Yingkou Shanhaiguan Hohhot BEIJING o Tangshan 40 00'N Dalian Shizuishan Tianjin TIANJIN Yumen Bohai Sea HEBEI Yinchuan Yantai Taiyuan Qingtongxia Shijiazhuang Liulin Shuyang Jinan SHAANXI Qingdao SHANXI SHANDONG Xining Yellow Sea QINGHAI NINGXIA Xinxiang Lianyungang Lanzhou Tongguan Zhengzhou Weinan Luoyang Xuzhou GANSU Sanmenxia Baoji Xi'an HENAN JIANGSU Hefei Nanjing Shanghai SHANGHAI Mianyang ANHUI Nanchong HUBEI Wuhan Ningbo Anqing Hangzhou Chengdu Jiujiang E a s t C h i n a S e a XIZANG SICHUAN CHONGQING Jingdezhen ZHEJIANG Chongqing Nanchang HUNAN Changsha Yong'an Xiangtan N Hengyang JIANGXI Fuzhou Guiyang FUJIAN GUIZHOU Quanzhou 0 100 200 300 400 Guilin Xiamen Kunming Pingpo Qujing Liuzhou Kilometers GUANGDONG Zhangzhou Ruili Chuxiong GUANGXI Huangpu Huizhou YUNNAN Guangzhou Shantou National Capital Tanxi Longyang Provincial Capital Foshan Hong Kong Nanning HONG KONG SAR City/Town o Kaiping Zhuhai MACAO SAR 20 00'N SAR Special Administrative Region Fangchenggang MYANMAR VIET NAM Beihai Zhanjiang Main Road Provincial Boundary Gulf of o LAO PEOPLE'S International Boundary 20 00'N DEMOCRATIC Tonkin REPUBLIC Haikou Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. HAINAN S o u t h C h i n a S e a Sanya o 100 o 00'E 120 00'E 07-1650a HR Map 2 99o 00'E 104o 00'E KUNMING QINGSHUIHAI WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA X I Z A N G S I C H U A N Shuifu 28 o 00'N 28 o 00'N Maliuwang Zhongdian Xinmin Lijiang Jianchian Heqing Huize Pangxieqing G U I Z H O U Shangcun Wase Hongshan Dali Xiangyun Qujing Longyang KUNMING Lianghe Chongming Chuxiong Shilin Anning Longling Lunan Ruili R e Yuxi d Mile R G U A N G X I Y U N N A N iv e r Lincang Suo Long Si Luocunkou r e v i R Kaiyuan Funing g Jianshui n Mengzi Yanshan o k e M Gejiu MYANMAR Pu'er Mohei Simao JiIangcheng Hekou o Xiaomengyang o 22 00'N VIET NAM 22 00'N Mohan Project Area Provincial Capital LAO City/Town PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Major Expressway/Highway National Road N Existing Railway River Provincial Boundary 0 50 100 150 International Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. Kilometers 99o 00'E 104o 00'E 07-1650b HR Map 3 KUNMING QINGSHUIHAI WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Jinsha River X i a o Huize j i a n g R i v e r Dongchuan r e v i R r n e D a v l i a u R i b i N a a Z u i h R K r a i e n v v e g i r j R i u u R d i u v P e r Shiqiao Tabizi Banqiao Qingshuihai Luquan Xintian Reservoir Wuding Xundian Malong Songming Fumin er iv R Jinzhongshan Lake g n la g n Jinzhongshan a T KUNMING N Annung Chenggong Dianchi Lake Yangzonghai Lake 0 25 50 75 100 Kilometers City County Seat Fuxian Lake Hydrologic Station Existing Stage Gauging Station Proposed Stage Gauging Station Existing Reservoir Proposed Reservoir Proposed Water Intake Diversion Line River 07-1650c HR Shiqiaohe Reservoir Banqiaohe Reservoir Tabilzi Dragon Pool Xintianhe Reservoir Qingshuihai Reservoir XUNDIAN R. an Xundian KUNMING QINGSHUIHAI nti Xi WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Fenglongwan Xundian County Reservoir Songming County Provincial Capital County Spring Water Shangyou Water Transmission Channel Reservoir Supply Pipeline Dashitou Reservoir Reservoir Songming River SONGMING County Boundary Tongxin Gate City/District Boundary Dashiba Reservoir Niulan River Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. Jinzhongshan Reservoir Songhuaba Reservoir Xibeishahe Bajiacun Reservoir Reservoir New Airport Development Zone Dongbeishahe Reservoir Baoxianghe Reservoir N 0 7 M - KUNMING 1 6 a 5 Dianchi Lake 0 East p d Development H 4 R Zone I. INTRODUCTION 1. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) is for the Kunming Qingshuihai Water Supply Project (KQWSP), in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), under technical assistance (TA) 4808-PRC from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Project is one of a number of initiatives designed to address the increasing demand on water resources to support the rapid growth of Kunming. The Project will make available 111 million cubic meters (m3) of water per annum to be distributed as follows: 104 million m3 for Kunming city, and 7 million m3 for Xundian County, based on projections to 2020. Eastern PRC and Yunnan Province are presented in Maps 1 and 2. 2. This SEIA is based on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report prepared by the PRC Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, and the Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute (YDRI). It has been augmented by the work of the project preparatory TA team in its project feasibility studies and field inspections. The environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed by the TA team in conjunction with the PRC project proponents, including the Kunming Water Supply Group (KWSG). The EMP includes major mitigation measures described in the EIA and other government documents related to project design and operation. The TA has developed substantial additional EMP provisions based on its own investigations of hydrology, technical designs, health and social impacts, and watershed policy considerations. The resulting SEIA/EMP is wholly owned by the PRC project stakeholders and Kunming municipal government (KMG). 3. The EIA went through rounds of revision based on inputs and suggestions provided by the TA team specialists. The draft EIA report was submitted to the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) for review in February 2007 and supplemented in April 2007 by strategic environmental assessment and environmental protection plan following the EIA requirements. SEPA considered the EIA report to be adequate and authorized the Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB) for the EIA approval. The Soil Erosion Prevention Plan (SEPP), as required by the Ministry of Water Resources, was reviewed and approved by the Yunnan Provincial Water Resource Department (YWRD) in May 2007. II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. Justification and Rationale for the Project 4. The present and continuing rapid population growth of Kunming is putting enormous stress on city services, especially the provision of clean drinking water. This is especially evident with the proposed establishment of new development areas for Kunming. Past and projected Kunming populations are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Projected Kunming City Population, 2002–2020 Year Population 2002 2,860,000 2020 5,810,000 Source: Feasibility study report. 2 5. Dianchi Lake, Kunming’s past water source, is polluted to an extent that it is currently below Class V in the PRC surface water standards (GB3838-2002).