DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIVAC 1101 MANUFACTURER Universal Automatic Scientific Computer ~101 Remington Rand Univac Division Sperry-Rand Corporation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNIVAC 1101 MANUFACTURER Universal Automatic Scientific Computer ~101 Remington Rand Univac Division Sperry-Rand Corporation UNIVAC 1101 MANUFACTURER Universal Automatic Scientific Computer ~101 Remington Rand Univac Division Sperry-Rand Corporation Photo by Georgia Institute of Technology Engineering Experiment Station, Rich Electronic Computer Center APPLICATIONS STORAGE Georgia Tech Media Words Access Microsec Gommercial and scientific data processing. F.ducation Magnetic Drum 16,384 32 - 17,000 and research in all fields of engineering and science. Magnetic Core 4,096 10 Provides research assistance to commercial and indus­ Georgia Tech trial sponsors. A modified 1103A Magnetic Core System has been in­ stalled on the 1101. The computer has a 24 binary PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM digit word which is transferred and operated on in a Internal number system Binary parallel mode. Binary digits/word 24 Binary digits/instruction 24 Instructions per word 1 INPUT Instructions decoded 48 Medium Instructions used 43 Paper Tape (35 words, 140 frames, 14 in)/sec Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type One address OUTPUT Number range 1_223 to 223_ 1 Media Speed Negative numbers used are in the ones complement r Paper Tape (Teletype) arithmetic. +5 00000005 and -5 TIm(72 octal. 60 char/sec = = Typewriter (Flexowriter) 10 cha:r/sec ARITHMETIC UNIT CIRCUtT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Exclud Stor Access Tubes MiCI'osec 2,695 (18 types) Diodes 2,385 Add time 5 Mult time ::!60 Diy time 324 Construction Vacuum tubes CHECKI NG FEATURES Basic pulse repetition rate 400 Kc/sec Improper command stops the machine. Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Asynchronous PRODUCTION RECORD Operation Sequential Total number of Univac 1100 Series (all models) deliv­ ered is 45. UNIVAO 1101 900 Photo by Georgia Institute of Technology Engineering Experiment Station, Rich Electronic Computer Center Operation tends toward open shop. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE. PREPARATION Technician training is conducted at scheduled times Power, computer 16 KVA 0.95 pf and programming courses are offered in the Mathematics Power, air conditioner 1.2 KVA (Gas operated) Space, computer 2,880 cu ft, 360 sq ft DepartR£YlAB IlITY, OPERATI NG EXPERI ENeE. Space, air conditioner 384 cu ft, 48 sq ft AND T ME AVAILABILITY Room size, computer 720 sq ft Average error-free running period 5.6 Hours Room size, air conditioner 192 sq ft Good time 34.5 Hours/Week (Average) Floor loading 44 lbs/sq ft Attempted to run time 38.0 Hours/Week (Average) Capacity, air conditioner 5 Tons Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.80 Weight, computer 16,000 lbs Above figures based on period 1 May 60 to 1 Aug 60 Weight, air conditioner 1,500 lbs Passed Customer Acceptance Test Aug 55 False floor (plenum for A.C.). Separate room for Time is available for rent to outside organizations. M.G. and A.C. Distribution duct from A.C. to computer. Rental is $75.00 per hour (including operator). ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Outstanding features include a large library of sub­ Machine donated to Georgia Institute of Technology routines, including fixed point, floating point, (evaluated at $500,000). function evaluation, etc., and stop address interrupt Magnetic Core System $39,000 feature. Bull Equipment 4,000 (approx) Maintenance performed by Georgia Tech staff. FUTURE PLANS PER SONNEl REQU I REMENTS The addition of index registers and floating point One 8-Hour Shift hardware is being considered and modifications are in Used Recommended progress to add punch card input-output with the Bull Supervisors 1 1 Controlled Reproducer with independent input and out­ Analysts 2 2 put buffers. Programmers, Coders 4 6 INSTALLATIONS Librarians 1 1 Georgia Institute of Technology Operators 1 1 Engineering Experimental Station Engineers 1 1 Rich Electronic Computing Center Technicians 2 2 Atlanta, Georgia 901 UNIVAC 1101 UNIVAC 1102 MANUF ACTU RER Universal Automatic Scientific Computer 1102 Sperry Rand Corporation Remington Rand Univac Division Photo by Arnold Engineering Development Center, ARDC, Tullahoma, Tennessee APPLICATIONS ARITHMETIC UNIT Arnold Engineering Development Center Exclud Stor Access Data reduction in Wind Tunnel and Engine Test Facil­ Microsec ities. Three computers are used on-line during wind­ Add time 17 max. tunnel and aerodynamic testing. Mult time 264 max. Div time 340 max. Construction Vacuum tubes PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Rapid access word registers I Internal number system Binary Basic pulse repetition rate 500 Kc/sec Binary digits per word 24 Arithmetic mode Parallel Binary digits/instruction 24 Instructions per word I STORAGE Instructions decoded Depends upon program Octal digits/instruction not decoded 8 Media Words Access Microsec Arithmetic system Left circular shift Magnetic Drum 8,192 8,500 max. Instruction type One address Number range Accumulator holds 48 binary digits INPUT Media Speed Tape Reader 200 lines/sec Raw Data Scanner Scans 252 channels in 12.5 sec or 20/sec. The raw data scanner is connected to transducers measuring test data. UNIVAC ll02 902 RELIAB IlITY, OPERATI NG EXPER I ENCE, OUTPUT AND TIME AVAILABILITY Media Speed Arnold Engineering Development Center Automatic Typewriter 10 char/sec The following performance figures are given for the Automatic Plotter three computers for the period January through Sep­ tember 1956. The last of the three computers was accepted on 1 March 1956. Each column is for a CIRCUtT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM separate engineering facility at the Arnold Engineer­ Tubes 2,700 ing Development Center. Diodes 3,000 ETF WI' G))F Magnetic elements 700 relays Manned Time 57.0% 25.6% 30.1% Number of separate cabinets 3 Utilization 51.4% 20.3% 24.8% Number of different kinds of plug-in units 47 Computer Efficiency 87.5% 89.3% 84.4% Reliability 96.8% 99.310 97.9% Scheduled Maintenance 9.5% 10.0% 13.9% Unscheduled Maintenance 3.0% 0.7% 1.7% CHECKI NG FEATURES Maintenance Factor 0.331 0.301 0.388 Accumulator overflow indicator "Oversize quotient" check Terms and Definitions of Computer Performance Improper operation code check o - Operational Time - Productive computer hours used Address check on tape loading in data reduction, engineering problems, program checking, or other productive computations. It does not include hours used in running of check problems for maintenance purposes. POWER, SPACE,. WEIGHT. AND SITE. PREPARATION I - Idle Time - Computer hours during which the com­ Power, computer 22 Kw puter is manned and in condition for productive opera­ tion but not in use for such purposes. Volume, computer 772 cu n Area, computer 122 sq n U - Unused and Unmanned Time - Hours during which Weight, computer 14,000 lbs personnel are not scheduled for computer operation. Power, air conditioner 9 Kw C - Marginal Checking - Daily routine testing prior Volume, air conditioner 80 cu n to operation to determine that the computer is in Area, air conditioner 12 sq n operable condition. Weight, air conditioner 3,000 lbs P - Preventive Maintenance - Computer hours used for Capacity, air conditioner 25 Tons testing of the computer to improve its performance and which does not detract from scheduled operation­ al time. PRODUCTION RECORD R - Unscheduled Maintenance - Hours consumed in re­ Number produced 3 storing the computer to operating condition wheh Number in current operation 3 failure occurs. C.M. - Concurrent Maintenance - Hours spent in repair and testing of computer components which does not consume computer time. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES E.M. - Engineering Modifications - Computer hours Three computing systems were developed and manufac­ used in accomplishing engineering modifications to tured under contract. Total cost was approximately the computer and its circuitry. $1,400,000. T - Total Time = 0 + I + U + C + P + R + E.M. On a daily basis Total Time is twenty-four hours. PER SONNEl REQU I REMENTS Manned Time 100 (T-U)/T Daily Operation No. of Eng. No. of Tech. Utilization One 8 Hour Shift 5 2 Above totals are for one computer. 100 (O+E.M.)/(O+I+U+E.M.) Computer Efficiency 100 (O+I+E.M.)/(T-U) Reliability 100 (O+I+E.M. )/(O+I+R+E.M.) Scheduled Maintenance 100 (C+P)/(T-U) Unscheduled Maintenance 100 R/(T-U) Maintenance Factor (C+P+C.M.+R)/T-U+C.M.) 903 UlfIVAC 1102 U N I V A C I I 0 3 I I 03 A MANUFACTURER Universal Automatic Computer Model 1103 - 1103A Remington Rand Univac Division Sperry Rand Corporation Photo by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation APPLICATIONS systems, e.g. gyro error coefficients, vibration Manufacturer analysis, acceleration and velocity translation to Scientific computation. tangent plane coordinates, satellite orbit calcula­ White Sands Missile Range tions, and missile performance analysis. Systems Integrated Range Mission-DRD, N. M. are integrated into the Real Time Data Assimilator. Located in Building 1512, White Sands Missile Range, Digital Computation Branch (WWDCD) WADD, W-P AFB the primary use of the ERA 1103A, is for computations Located in Building 57, WADD, W-P AFB, Ohio, the sys­ incident to conversion of range flight test data to tem is used in the solution of scientific and other engineering formats and computations of problems R&D problems, in conducting research in numerical associated with flight simulation and a small amount analYSis and digital computer programming techniques. of general purpose computing for range custcmers. National Aeronautics & Space Administration, 3208th Test Gp (TF), APGC (roVMC) Lewis Research Center Eglin AFB, Florida Located at the NASA-Lewis Research Center, 21000 Located in Building 625, Eglin AFB, Florida, the Brookpark Road, Cleveland 35, OhiO, the system is used l103A is used for impact predictions (real time), for reduction of experimental data from wind tunnels, slew testing of radars and ballistics. test stands, rocket stands, etc., engineering and Air Force Missile Development Center scientific analysis-type problems. Holloman AFB, New Mexico Experimental data is recorded on automatic recorders Both systems are used for reduction of data obtained of our own design.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "Computers" Abacus—The First Calculator
    Component 4: Introduction to Information and Computer Science Unit 1: Basic Computing Concepts, Including History Lecture 4 BMI540/640 Week 1 This material was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015. The First "Computers" • The word "computer" was first recorded in 1613 • Referred to a person who performed calculations • Evidence of counting is traced to at least 35,000 BC Ishango Bone Tally Stick: Science Museum of Brussels Component 4/Unit 1-4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2 Version 2.0/Spring 2011 Abacus—The First Calculator • Invented by Babylonians in 2400 BC — many subsequent versions • Used for counting before there were written numbers • Still used today The Chinese Lee Abacus http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/ Component 4/Unit 1-4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum 3 Version 2.0/Spring 2011 1 Slide Rules John Napier William Oughtred • By the Middle Ages, number systems were developed • John Napier discovered/developed logarithms at the turn of the 17 th century • William Oughtred used logarithms to invent the slide rude in 1621 in England • Used for multiplication, division, logarithms, roots, trigonometric functions • Used until early 70s when electronic calculators became available Component 4/Unit 1-4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum 4 Version 2.0/Spring 2011 Mechanical Computers • Use mechanical parts to automate calculations • Limited operations • First one was the ancient Antikythera computer from 150 BC Used gears to calculate position of sun and moon Fragment of Antikythera mechanism Component 4/Unit 1-4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum 5 Version 2.0/Spring 2011 Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519, Italy Leonardo da Vinci • Two notebooks discovered in 1967 showed drawings for a mechanical calculator • A replica was built soon after Leonardo da Vinci's notes and the replica The Controversial Replica of Leonardo da Vinci's Adding Machine .
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVAC I Computer System
    Saved from the Internet on 3/9/2010 Created by Allan Reiter UNIVAC I Computer System After you look at this yellow page go to the blue page to find out how UNIVAC I really worked. My name is Allan Reiter and in 1954 began my career with a company in St Paul, Minnesota called Engineering Research Associates (ERA) that was part of the Remington Rand Corporation. I was hired with 3 friends, Paul S. Lawson, Vernon Sandoz, and Robert Kress. We were buddies who met in the USAF where we were trained and worked on airborne radar on B-50 airplanes. In a way this was the start of our computer career because the radar was controlled by an analog computer known as the Q- 24. After discharge from the USAF Paul from Indiana and Vernon from Texas drove up to Minnesota to visit me. They said they were looking for jobs. We picked up a newspaper and noticed an ad that sounded interesting and decided to check it out. The ad said they wanted people with military experience in electronics. All three of us were hired at 1902 West Minnehaha in St. Paul. We then looked up Robert Kress (from Iowa) and he was hired a few days later. The four of us then left for Philadelphia with three cars and one wife. Robert took his wife Brenda along. This was where the UNIVAC I was being built. Parts of the production facilities were on an upper floor of a Pep Boys building. Another building on Allegheny Avenue had a hydraulic elevator operated with water pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • 1992 Cern School of Computing
    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH 1992 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING Scuola Superiore G. Reiss Romoli, L'Aquila, Italy 30 August-12 September 1992 PROCEEDINGS Editor: C. Verkerk GENEVA 1993 © Copyright CERN, Genève, 1993 Propriété littéraire et scientifique réservée Literary and scientific copyrights reserved in pour tous les paya < 11» inonde. Ce document ne all countries of the world. This report, or peut être reproduit ou traduit en tout ou en any part of it. may not be reprinted or trans­ partie sans l'autorisation écrite du Directeur lated without written permission ol the copy­ général du CERN, titulaire du droit d'auteur. right holder, the Director-General of CERN. Dans les cas appropriés, et s'il s'agit d'utiliser However, permission will be freely granted for le document à des fins non commerciales, cette appropriate non-commercial use. autorisation sera volontiers accordée. If any patentable invention or registrable Le CERN ne revendique pas la propriété des design is described in the report. CERN makes inventions brevetables et dessins ou modèles no claim to property rights in it but offers i( susceptibles de dépôt qui pourraient être for the free use of research institutions, man­ décrits dans le présent document ; ceux-ci peu­ ufacturers and others. CERN, however, may vent être librement utilisés par les instituts de oppose any attempt by a user to claim any recherche, les industriels et autres intéressés. proprietary or patent rights in such inventions Cependant, le CERN se réserve le droit de or designs as may be described in the present s'opposer à toute revendication qu'un usager document.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Electrical Engineering
    Display of digitally processed data Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Jurich, Samuel, 1929- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 17:48:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551403 DISPLAY OP DIGITALLY PROCESSED DATA ■ v : ' hJ Sarauel Jurlch A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the : - ‘ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of : o ' MASTER OF SCIENCE : ' In the Graduate College A UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 5 9 This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: 6 4f/?y /9S~<7 John R.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAP Videos' Summary W/Links (Vipclubmn.Org)
    An IT Legacy Paper September 2019 Revised December 2020 Computer History Archives Projects Mark Greenia, Researcher and Producer former University of San Francisco Adjunct Professor Introduction Mark posted the ERA video {#1 below} on September 26th, 2019 – over 1,000 views during the first weekend. Mr. Greenia noted that as of Sept. 27th CHAP videos had had over 775,000 views. This paper1 lists the ERA/…/UNISYS associated videos produced by CHAP, the Computer History Museum, and the Hagley Museum plus two bonus clips. Replaced item 12 with a new video in December 2020. Table of Contents2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Computer History "Engineering Research Associates" - Atlas, ERA 1101, Univac Sperry Rand Minnesota ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2. 1977 Sperry UNIVAC Drive Exerciser Diagnostic Unit: .................................................................. 3 3. 1961 Remington Rand UNIVAC "What Do You Want?" Sperry UNISYS LARC Athena Solid-State Computers ........................................................................................................................................ 3 4. 1949 BINAC: Binary Automatic Computer, History Mauchly Eckert EMCC UNIVAC First Stored Program, U.S ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Xx1963-1988 Symp Digest
    Preliminary Table of Contents for SID Symposium Digests 1963-1988, Sorted on Lead Authors (authors' company affiliation not listed) Notes: 1 Both "Author" and "Title" fields are truncated The index covers full papers and keynote speeches for SID 2 Symposia from 1963 through 1988; panel sessions, seminars and luncheon speakers are not listed Authors' company affiliations are not 3 shown (to be added) The first ten (10 Symposia were identified by numbers, as follows: 4 2/1963 -#1; 9/63 - #2; 5/64-#3; 9/64 - #4; 2/65 - #5; 9/65 - #6; 10/66 - #7; 5/67 - #8; 5/68 - #9; 5/69 - #10 5/64-#3; 9/64 - #4; 2/65 - #5; 9/65 - #6; 10/66 - #7; 5/67 - #8; 5/68 - #9; 5/69 - #10 5 Color codes indicate aauthors who authors with two ()2) papers werelead authors for multple papers (where they are lead author) authors with three (3) papers Authors with 4 and 5 papers, respectively Year Session # Author(s) Page Title Abbey, C. G.* 1982 142 13 A Visual Simulator Image Generator using a Laser Scanned Model Abdalla, M. I.*; Plumb, J. L.; Hope, L. L. 1984 245 15 Large-Area ac Thin-Film EL Displays Abdalla, M. I.*; Thomas, J. A. 1978 130 14 Low Voltage DC Electroluminescence in ZnS (Mn, Cul Thin- Film Phosphors Abe, A.*; Matsuoka, T.; Tohda, T.; 1985 215 12 AC Thin-Film EL Display with PrMnO3 Black Dielectric Material Fujita, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Kuwata, J. Abileah, Adi*; Vijan, Meera; Baron, Yair; 1988 420 22 Full-Color Displays with Amorphous-Silicon PIN Diodes Cannella, Vincent; McGill, John; Yaniv, for Military and Avionics Applications Zvi; Ukrainsky, Orest Abramson, N.*; Bjelkhagen, H.; Skande, 1980 224 21 Holographic System for Storing Information Interferometrically P.
    [Show full text]
  • The UNIVAC System, 1948
    5 - The WHAT*S YOUR PROBLEM? Is it the tedious record-keepin% and the arduous figure-work of commerce and industry? Or is it the intricate mathematics of science? Perhaps yoy problem is now considered im ossible because of prohibitive costs asso- ciated with co b methods of solution.- The UNIVAC* SYSTEM has been developed by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer to solve such problems. Within its scope come %fm%s as diverse as air trarfic control, census tabu- lakions, market research studies, insurance records, aerody- namic desisn, oil prospecting, searching chemical literature and economic planning. The UNIVAC COMPUTER and its auxiliary equipment are pictured on the cover and schematically pre- sented on the opposite page. ELECTRONS WORK FASTER.---- thousands of times faster ---- than re- lavs and mechanical parts. The mmuses the in- he&ently high speed *of the electron tube to obtain maximum roductivity with minimum equipment. Electrons workfaster %an ever before in the newly designed UNIVAC CO~UTER, in which little more than one-millionth of a second is needed to deal with a decimal d'igit. Coupled with this computer are magnetic tape records which can be read and classified while new records are generated at a rate of ten thousand decimal- digits per second. f AUTOMATIC OPERATION is the key to greater economies in the 'hand- ling of all sorts of information, both numerical and alpha- betic. For routine tasks only a small operating staff is re- -qured. Changing from one job to another is only a matter of a few minutes. Flexibilit and versatilit are inherent in the UNIVAC methoM o e ectronic *contro ma in9 use of an ex- tremely large storage facility for ttmemorizi@ instructions~S LOW MAINTENANCE AND HIGH RELIABILITY are assured by a design which draws on the technical skill of a group of engineers who have specialized in electronic computing techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming
    Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming version 56 of August 12, 2014 Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Milo This book includes material from the http://www.osdata.com/ website and the text book on computer programming. Distributed on the honor system. Print and read free for personal, non-profit, and/or educational purposes. If you like the book, you are encouraged to send a donation (U.S dollars) to Milo, PO Box 5237, Balboa Island, California, USA 92662. This is a work in progress. For the most up to date version, visit the website http://www.osdata.com/ and http://www.osdata.com/programming/shell/unixbook.pdf — Please add links from your website or Facebook page. Professors and Teachers: Feel free to take a copy of this PDF and make it available to your class (possibly through your academic website). This way everyone in your class will have the same copy (with the same page numbers) despite my continual updates. Please try to avoid posting it to the public internet (to avoid old copies confusing things) and take it down when the class ends. You can post the same or a newer version for each succeeding class. Please remove old copies after the class ends to prevent confusing the search engines. You can contact me with a specific version number and class end date and I will put it on my website. version 56 page 1 Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux Administration and Shell Programming chapter 0 This book looks at Unix (and Linux) shell programming and system administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Open PDF in New Window
    BEST AVAILABLE COPY i The pur'pose of this DIGITAL COMPUTER Itop*"°a""-'"""neesietter' YNEWSLETTER . W OFFICf OF NIVAM RUSEARCMI • MATNEMWTICAL SCIENCES DIVISION Vol. 9, No. 2 Editors: Gordon D. Goldstein April 1957 Albrecht J. Neumann TABLE OF CONTENTS It o Page No. W- COMPUTERS. U. S. A. "1.Air Force Armament Center, ARDC, Eglin AFB, Florida 1 2. Air Force Cambridge Research Center, Bedford, Mass. 1 3. Autonetics, RECOMP, Downey, Calif. 2 4. Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army 2 5. IBM 709. New York, New York 3 6. Lincoln Laboratory TX-2, M.I.T., Lexington, Mass. 4 7. Litton Industries 20 and 40 DDA, Beverly Hills, Calif. 5 8. Naval Air Test Centcr, Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Maryland 5 9. National Cash Register Co. NC 304, Dayton, Ohio 6 10. Naval Air Missile Test Center, RAYDAC, Point Mugu, Calif. 7 11. New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn, New York 7 12. Philco, TRANSAC. Philadelphia, Penna. 7 13. Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio 8 COMPUTING CENTERS I. Univ. of California, Radiation Lab., Livermore, Calif. 9 2. Univ. of California, SWAC, Los Angeles, Calif. 10 3. Electronic Associates, Inc., Princeton Computation Center, Princeton, New Jersey 10 4. Franklin Institute Laboratories, Computing Center, Philadelphia, Penna. 11 5. George Washington Univ., Logistics Research Project, Washington, D. C. 11 6. M.I.T., WHIRLWIND I, Cambridge, Mass. 12 7. National Bureau of Standards, Applied Mathematics Div., Washington, D.C. 12 8. Naval Proving Ground, Naval Ordnance Computation Center, Dahlgren, Virgin-.a 12 9. Ramo Wooldridge Corp., Digital Computing Center, Los Angeles, Calif.
    [Show full text]
  • Sperry Rand's Third-Generation Computers 1964–1980
    Sperry Rand’s Third-Generation Computers 1964–1980 George T. Gray and Ronald Q. Smith The change from transistors to integrated circuits in the mid-1960s marked the beginning of third-generation computers. A late entrant (1962) in the general-purpose, transistor computer market, Sperry Rand Corporation moved quickly to produce computers using ICs. The Univac 1108’s success (1965) reversed the company’s declining fortunes in the large-scale arena, while the 9000 series upheld its market share in smaller computers. Sperry Rand failed to develop a successful minicomputer and, faced with IBM’s dominant market position by the end of the 1970s, struggled to maintain its position in the computer industry. A latecomer to the general-purpose, transistor would be suitable for all types of processing. computer market, Sperry Rand first shipped its With its top management having accepted the large-scale Univac 1107 and Univac III comput- recommendation, IBM began work on the ers to customers in the second half of 1962, System/360, so named because of the intention more than two years later than such key com- to cover the full range of computing tasks. petitors as IBM and Control Data. While this The IBM 360 did not rely exclusively on lateness enabled Sperry Rand to produce rela- integrated circuitry but instead employed a tively sophisticated products in the 1107 and combination of separate transistors and chips, III, it also meant that they did not attain signif- called Solid Logic Technology (SLT). IBM made icant market shares. Fortunately, Sperry’s mili- a big event of the System/360 announcement tary computers and the smaller Univac 1004, on 7 April 1964, holding press conferences in 1005, and 1050 computers developed early in 62 US cities and 14 foreign countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded for Storage and Display—As Is Common with Contemporary Systems—Because in 1952 There Were No Image File Formats to Capture the Graphical Output of a Screen
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title The random-access image: Memory and the history of the computer screen Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b3873pn Journal Grey Room, 70(70) ISSN 1526-3819 Author Gaboury, J Publication Date 2018-03-01 DOI 10.1162/GREY_a_00233 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California John Warnock and an IDI graphical display unit, University of Utah, 1968. Courtesy Salt Lake City Deseret News . 24 doi:10.1162/GREY_a_00233 The Random-Access Image: Memory and the History of the Computer Screen JACOB GABOURY A memory is a means for displacing in time various events which depend upon the same information. —J. Presper Eckert Jr. 1 When we speak of graphics, we think of images. Be it the windowed interface of a personal computer, the tactile swipe of icons across a mobile device, or the surreal effects of computer-enhanced film and video games—all are graphics. Understandably, then, computer graphics are most often understood as the images displayed on a computer screen. This pairing of the image and the screen is so natural that we rarely theorize the screen as a medium itself, one with a heterogeneous history that develops in parallel with other visual and computa - tional forms. 2 What then, of the screen? To be sure, the computer screen follows in the tradition of the visual frame that delimits, contains, and produces the image. 3 It is also the skin of the interface that allows us to engage with, augment, and relate to technical things.
    [Show full text]
  • Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division Photographs and Audiovisual Materials 1985.261
    Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division photographs and audiovisual materials 1985.261 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division photographs and audiovisual materials 1985.261 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 6 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 8 Bibliography
    [Show full text]