DOCSLIB.ORG

Proton Pump Inhibitors Intake and Iron and Vitamin B12 Status: a Prospective Comparative Study with a Follow up of 12 Months

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proton Pump Inhibitors Intake and Iron and Vitamin B12 Status: a Prospective Comparative Study with a Follow up of 12 Months Open Access Maced J Med Sci electronic publication ahead of print, published on March 12, 2018 as https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.142 ID Design Press, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.142 eISSN: 1857-9655 Basic Science Proton Pump Inhibitors Intake and Iron and Vitamin B12 Status: A Prospective Comparative Study with a Follow up of 12 Months Hasime Qorraj-Bytyqi1, Rexhep Hoxha1, Shemsedin Sadiku2, Ismet H Bajraktari3, Mentor Sopjani4, Kujtim Thaçi5, Shpetim Thaçi4, Elton Bahtiri1,6* 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; 2Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; 3Clinic of Rheumatology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; 4Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo; 5Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; 6Clinic of Endocrinology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo Abstract Citation: Qorraj-Bytyqi H, Hoxha R, Sadiku S, Bajraktari BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) represent the most widely prescribed antisecretory agents, but IH, Sopjani M, Thaçi K, Thaçi S, Bahtiri E. Proton Pump their prolonged use, may influence iron and vitamin B12 status, which could have important implications for Inhibitors Intake and Iron and Vitamin B12 Status: A Prospective Comparative Study with a Follow up of 12 clinical practice. Months. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.142 AIM: We undertook this study aiming to investigate the association between PPIs use for 12 months and potential Keywords: PPIs; Iron: Ferritin; Vitamin B12; changes in iron and vitamin B12 status, as well as whether this potential association varies among four specific Homocysteine PPI drugs used in the study. *Correspondence: Elton Bahtiri. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo. E-mail: elton.bahtiri@uni- METHODS: A total of 250 adult subjects were recruited into this study, of which 200 subjects were PPIs users pr.edu while 50 subjects belonged to the control group. Serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, and homocysteine (Hcy) levels Received: 05-Oct-2017; Revised: 20-Feb-2018; were measured before the start of the study and after 12 months. Mann - Whitney U test and Kruskal - Wallis test Accepted: 28-Feb-2018; Online first: 12-Mar-2018 was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the study groups, while Wilcoxon test was used to analyse Copyright: © 2018 Hasime Qorraj-Bytyqi, Rexhep post - pre differences. Hoxha, Shemsedin Sadiku, Ismet H Bajraktari, Mentor Sopjani, Kujtim Thaçi, Shpetim Thaçi, Elton Bahtiri. This is RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant changes within PPIs group and specific PPIs subgroups an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 between the two-time points in serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels, respectively, while no significant changes in International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) serum iron and homocysteine levels were shown. However, subsequent diagnosis of hypoferremia and Funding: This research was partly sponsored by a grant hypovitaminosis B12 in the whole study sample at 12 months was established in only 3.8% and 2.9% of the from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Kosovo subjects, respectively. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist CONCLUSION: PPIs use for 12 months did not result in clinically significant iron and/or vitamin B12 deficiency; thus, these findings argue routine screening under normal circumstances, although monitoring in elderly and malnourished may be of precious value. Introduction potent suppression of gastric acid secretion by parietal cells, which could have important implications for clinical practice [5] [6]. Relatively few studies have Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) represent the specifically investigated the association between PPIs most widely prescribed antisecretory agents [1] use and iron status and/or risk of anemia while what is Prolonged PPIs use is not without consequences, known about the association between PPIs use and however [1] [2]. Concerns have been raised about a vitamin B12 deficiency is largely based on case - possible association between prolonged PPIs use and reports or retrospective observational studies with increased risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies [3] considerable inconsistency in the findings [7] [8] [9] [4]. It has been suggested that their prolonged use [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]. Moreover, they have may influence iron and vitamin B12 status due to failed to provide appropriate monitoring _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 1 Basic Science _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ recommendations in this regard [17]. Most of the participants were screened for exclusion mentioned previous studies provided only the data comparing above criteria. “treatment” with “no treatment”, we therefore A total of 250 adult subjects were recruited undertook this study aiming to prospectively into this study, of which 200 subjects were PPIs users investigate the association between PPIs use for 12 of orally taken dosage forms of PPIs while 50 subjects months in new - users and potential changes in iron belonged to the control group (PPIs nonusers). PPIs and vitamin B12 status, as well as whether this users were divided into four matched groups, each of potential association varies among four specific PPI them consisting of 50 subjects: patients on drugs used in the study. Also, the incidence of new- omeprazole therapy (20 mg/day), patients on onset hypoferremia and hypovitaminosis B12 and esomeprazole therapy (20 mg/day), patients on hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) during the study was lansoprazole therapy (30 mg/day), and patients on assessed. pantoprazole therapy (40 mg/day). Material and Methods The methodology of this open - labelled prospective study is described in greater detail elsewhere [18] [19]. Briefly, the study population consisted of subjects aged 18 to 65 years with a confirmed diagnosis of osteoarthritis of small joints of the hands and on chronic NSAIDs that indicated to initiate gastroprotective maintenance therapy with Figure 1: Study design [18] PPIs. Control group consisted of 50 matched healthy participants and with no gastrointestinal or other risk factors present for iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. All study participants provided written The participants belonging to the groups under informed consent. Before the initiation of the study treatment with PPIs were contacted every 3 months was obtained the approval of the study protocol from by telephone to assess the adherence to PPIs and the the local ethical committees of the University Clinical potential adverse effects, while participants in the Center of Kosova and Faculty of Medicine, University control group were contacted by telephone after 12 of Prishtina. months. Fasting blood samples were collected from Subjects were enrolled in the study only if the antecubital vein at 8 AM, and were centrifuged they had serum iron, ferritin and vitamin B12 levels within the first hour to separate the serum. The greater than lower reference limit provided by the lab measurements of serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12 and (Table 1). Subjects were not included in the study if homocysteine levels were done before the start of the they were using parenteral and/or oral supplements of study (at baseline) and after 12 months. Serum iron, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid, respectively, as well ferritin and homocysteine (enzymatic test) as any of the antisecretory agents (including PPIs) concentrations were measured simultaneously using during preceding 12 months. Also, subjects with automated analyser, COBAS Integra 400 Plus (Roche known hypersensitivity to any drug were excluded. Diagnostics, Switzerland), while serum vitamin B12 Subjects were also excluded from the study if they concentrations were measured by were blood donors, were on vegetarian diet, were Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay using chronic alcohol abusers, were using concomitantly Elecsys 2010 system (Roche Diagnostics, drugs (namely metformin, thyroid hormone Switzerland). Hypoferremia was defined as serum supplements, antiepileptic drugs, anticoagulant drugs, levels of <10.6 μmol/l in male and < 6.6 μmol/l in oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids) and/or had female, hypoferritinemia was defined as serum levels diseases that may affect iron and vitamin B12 status of < 30 ng/ml in male and < 13 ng/ml in female, (namely dementia, acute inflammatory diseases, hypovitaminosis B12 was defined as serum levels of malabsorption diseases, abnormal uterine, < 191 pg/ml, and hyperhomocysteinemia was defined gastrointestinal or urinary bleeding, patients with as serum levels of >15 μmol/l. atrophic gastritis or gastrectomy, thyroid diseases, renal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neoplastic All the study results are expressed as the diseases including leukemias and lymphomas). mean ± standard deviation and as percentages, as Subjects were not included if they were pregnant, appropriate. The baseline continuous characteristics lactating
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Study of Influence of Nutritional Factors Supply Indicators of Blood Laboratory Animals Using Nonparametric Statistics
    Advances in Zoology and Botany 1(4): 83-85, 2013 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/azb.2013.010403 The Study of Influence of Nutritional Factors Supply Indicators of Blood Laboratory Animals Using Nonparametric Statistics Kvan O.V.*, Lebedev S.V., Akimov S.S., Bykov A.V. Orenburg State University , Orenburg, Russia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2013 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze using The problem of iron deficiency has a great practical non-parametric statistical method, a number of interest. According to WHO data about one third of the morphological and biochemical parameters of laboratory world population has latent iron deficiency and iron animals’ blood on a diet deficient in minerals, with deficiency anemia. additional introduction of probiotics (sporobakterin, Keen interest of researchers to this problem is connected bifidobakterin) and iron preporations with different physical not only with the prevalence of iron in nature, but with the and chemical properties. participation of its complex metabolic processes in the The studies were performed in the experimental-biological human body [9]. The fact is not of little important but the clinics (vivarium) Orenburg State University. The seventy concentration of iron is regulated with absorption female rats of Wistar strain at the age of 4-months, identical exclusively, and not with the release. An active part in the in weight, were in the period prior experience in a balanced regulation of sorption and excretion of anions, cations, water diet (feed stuff) were selected. During the experiment, the takes the intestinal microflora.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies Technical Situation Analysis
    Vitamin and Mineral Defi ciencies Technical Situation Analysis ten year strategy for the reduction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies Vitamin and Mineral Defi ciencies Technical Situation Analysis ten year strategy for the reduction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies Produced for: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva By: The Academy for Educational Development (AED) 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW Washington DC 20009 Acknowledgments Th is report was written by the following research team members, who jointly developed the out- line and reviewed the drafts: Tina Sanghvi, John Fiedler, Reena Borwankar, Margaret Phillips, Robin Houston, Jay Ross and Helen Stiefel. Annette De Mattos, Stephanie Andrews, Shera Bender, Beth Daly, Kyra Lit, and Lynley Rappaport assisted the team with data and tables. Th e team takes full responsibility for the contents and conclusions of this report. Andreas Bluethner, Barbara MacDonald, Bérangère Magarinos, Amanda Marlin, Marc Van Ameringen and technical staff of GAIN/Geneva guided the team’s eff orts. Th e report could not have been completed without the contributions of the following persons, whose inputs are gratefully acknowledged: Jean Baker (AED), Karen Bell (Emory University), Bruno de Benoist (WHO), Malia Boggs (USAID), Erick Boy (MI/Ottawa), Kenneth Brown (University of California at Davis), Bruce Cogill (AED/FANTA Project), Nita Dalmiya (UNICEF/ NY), Ian Darnton-Hill (UNICEF/NY), Omar Dary (A2Z Project), Frances Davidson (USAID), Saskia de Pee (HKI), Erin Dusch (HKI), Leslie Elder (AED/FANTA Project),
    [Show full text]
  • Download Document (PDF | 1.17
    NutritioN at a GLANCE MyanMar The Costs of Malnutrition Annually, Myanmar loses nearly US$400 million Public Disclosure Authorized • Over one-third of child deaths are due to under- in GDP to vitamin and mineral deficiencies.3,4 nutrition, mostly from increased severity of dis- ease.2 Scaling up core micronutrient nutrition • Children who are undernourished between con- interventions would cost US$20 million per year. ception and age two are at high risk for impaired (See Technical Notes for more information) cognitive development, which adversely affects the country’s productivity and growth. Key Actions to Approximate • Myanmar is anticipated to lose a cumulative return to 14 US$430 million to chronic disease by 2015.5 Address Malnutrition: investment(%): • The economic costs of undernutrition and over- Improve infant and young weight include direct costs such as the increased child feeding through effective 1400 burden on the health care system, and indirect education and counseling Country Context costs of lost productivity. services. HDi ranking: 138th out of 182 • Childhood anemia alone is associated with a Invest in vitamin A Public Disclosure Authorized 6 1700 countries1 2.5% drop in adult wages. supplementation. Life expectancy: 62 years2 Achieve universal salt iodization. 3000 Where Does Myanmar Stand? Fortify commonly consumed Lifetime risk of maternal death: • 41% of children under the age of five are stunted, 800 2 foods with iron. 1 in 110 30% are underweight, and 11% are wasted.2 Ensure an adequate supply under-five mortality rate: • 40% of those aged 15 and above are overweight 1370 98 per 1,000 live births2 or obese.7 of zinc supplements for the • Close to 1 in 7 infants are born with a low birth treatment of diarrhea.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Trace Minerals in Animal Production
    ROLE OF TRACE MINERALS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION What Do I Need to Know About Trace Minerals for Beef and Dairy Cattle, Horses, Sheep and Goats? Connie K. Larson, Ph.D. Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Corporation Eden Praire, MN 55344 Presented at the 2005 Nutrition Conference sponsored by Department of Animal Science, UT Extension and University Professional and Personal Development The University of Tennessee. Introduction The role of trace minerals in animal production is an area of strong interest for producers, feed manufactures, veterinarians and scientists. Adequate trace mineral intake and absorption is required for a variety of metabolic functions including immune response to pathogenic challenge, reproduction and growth. Mineral supplementation strategies quickly become complex because differences in trace mineral status of all livestock and avian species is critical in order to obtain optimum production in modern animal production systems. Subclinical or marginal deficiencies may be a larger problem than acute mineral deficiency because specific clinical symptoms are not evident to allow the producer to recognize the deficiency; however, animals continue to grow and reproduce but at a reduced rate. As animal trace mineral status declines immunity and enzyme functions are compromised first, followed by a reduction in maximum growth and fertility, and finally normal growth and fertility decrease prior to evidence of clinical deficiency (Figure 1; Fraker, 1983; Wikse 1992). In order to maintain animals in adequate trace mineral status, balanced intake and absorption are necessary. Figure 1. Effect of declining trace mineral status on animal performance Mineral Status Immunity & Enzyme Function Adequate Maximum Growth/Fertility Normal Growth/Fertility Clinical Signs Subclinical Clinical Trace Mineral Function To better understand the role of trace minerals in animal production it is important to recognize that trace elements are functional components of numerous metabolic events.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection and Treatment of Mineral Nutrition Problems in Grazing Sheep
    Detection and Treatment of Mineral Nutrition Problems in Grazing Sheep E.ditors: D.G. Masters and e.l. White Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 1996 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR's research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on developing countries. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Masters, D.G., and White, c.L., ed. 1996. Detection and treatment of mineral nutrition problems in grazing sheep. ACIAR Monograph No. 37, iv + 117p. ISBN 1 86320 172 6 Editorial management: Janet Lawrence Pre-press production: Arawang Information Bureau Pty Ltd Printed by: Watson Ferguson [, Co., Brisbane. Australia Contents page Foreword iv Mineral deficiency problems in grazing sheep-an overview 1 David G. Masters Understanding the mineral requirements of sheep 15 Colin L. White Non-dietary influences on the mineral requirements of sheep 31 Neville F. Suttle Diagnosis of mineral deficiencies 45 David I. Paynter Trace element supplements for sheep at pasture 57 Geoffrey J. Judson Free-choice mineral supplements for grazing sheep in 81 developing countries Lee R.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Charts for Nutrition Diagnosis and Protocol
    Nutrition Care Process NUTRITION CARE AND TREATMENT Nutrition Care Components Key Information Process Nutritional Medical, nutrition and social Information about current/recent illnesses and medications, past medical and Integrating Nutrition Interventions in Care and Treatment: The Screening and history surgical interventions and dietary intakes in last 1 month. Probe for recent roles of the Comprehensive Care Team Assessment unexplained weight loss (3 months), food insecurity2 and barriers to food intake such as illnesses of the digestive system and psychosocial factors, and food allergies. Anthropometric and Accurately measure the client’s weight in kg (use a regularly calibrated scale) and functional impairment height in cm. Mid upper circumference measurement is used for screening those at assessment risk in community settings and in assessment of maternal nutrition in pregnant women. Waist and hip measurements are also necessary in assessing changes in body shape and over nutrition. Muscle strength using the grip strength tester and level of functional impairment eg Clinical Staff 3 Hand grip test, Karnofsky Performance status scale . (Doc tors, Laboratory assessment Laboratory based testing target s biochemical markers and haematology. Anaemia , nurses, etc) vitamins and minerals correlate with nutrition status and disease progression 4 Spouse / (deficiency, normal, overload). Social worker Partner Nutritional Protein energy malnutrition Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with 5 Diagnosis1 (Under nutrition/wasting) medical complications and or not able to feed orally, refer for inpatient care . Severe acute malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition without medical complications. (Other forms include stunting and underweight in children5) Over nutrition Over weight and obese. Micronutrient deficiency Vitamin and mineral deficiency diseases and disorders e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Minerals
    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2(1):43-49, 2005. (www.sportsnutritionsociety.org) Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Minerals Melvin H. Williams, Ph.D., FACSM Department of Exercise Science, Old Dominion University. Address correspondence to [email protected] Received April 20, 2005 /Accepted May 15, 2005/Published (online) ABSTRACT Minerals are essential for a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes in the human body. Some of the physiologic roles of minerals important to athletes are their involvement in: muscle contraction, normal hearth rhythm, nerve impulse conduction, oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme activation, immune functions, antioxidant activity, bone health, and acid-base balance of the blood. The two major classes of minerals are the macrominerals and the trace elements. The scope of this article will focus on the ergogenic theory and the efficacy of such mineral supplementation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2(1):43- 49, 2005. Key Words: sport nutrition, dietary supplements, minerals, sports performance INTRODUCTION Minerals are essential for a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes in the This is the second in a series of six articles human body. Speich and others recently to discuss the major classes of dietary reviewed the physiological roles of minerals supplements (vitamins; minerals; amino important to athletes, noting that minerals acids; herbs or botanicals; metabolites, are involved in muscle contraction, normal constituents/extracts, or combinations). The hearth rhythm, nerve impulse conduction, major focus is on efficacy of such dietary oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, supplements to enhance exercise or sport enzyme activation, immune functions, performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Deficiency in Obesity and After Bariatric Surgery
    biomolecules Review Iron Deficiency in Obesity and after Bariatric Surgery Geir Bjørklund 1,* , Massimiliano Peana 2,* , Lyudmila Pivina 3,4, Alexandru Dosa 5 , Jan Aaseth 6 , Yuliya Semenova 3,4, Salvatore Chirumbolo 7,8 , Serenella Medici 2, Maryam Dadar 9 and Daniel-Ovidiu Costea 5 1 Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway 2 Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan; [email protected] (L.P.); [email protected] (Y.S.) 4 CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan 5 Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (D.-O.C.) 6 Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway; [email protected] 7 Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; [email protected] 8 CONEM Scientific Secretary, 37134 Verona, Italy 9 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31975/148, Iran; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.B.); [email protected] (M.P.) Abstract: Iron deficiency (ID) is particularly frequent in obese patients due to increased circulating levels of acute-phase reactant hepcidin and adiposity-associated inflammation. Inflammation in obese Citation: Bjørklund, G.; Peana, M.; subjects is closely related to ID. It induces reduced iron absorption correlated to the inhibition of Pivina, L.; Dosa, A.; Aaseth, J.; duodenal ferroportin expression, parallel to the increased concentrations of hepcidin.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Diseases of Fish in Aquaculture and Their Management: a Review
    Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423) Volume 2 Issue 12 December 2018 Review Article Nutritional Diseases of Fish in Aquaculture and Their Management: A Review Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat1* and Mohammed Abdul Karim2 1Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh 2Department of Fish Health Management, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh *Corresponding Author: Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat, Postgraduate Researcher, Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Received: September 26, 2018; Published: November 19, 2018 Abstract aquaculture production and health safety. Information were collected from different secondary sources and then arranged chrono- This review was conducted to investigate the significance, underlying causes and negative effects of nutritional diseases of fish on logically. Investigation reveals that, Aquaculture is the largest single animal food producing agricultural sector that is growing rapidly all over the world. Nutritional disease is one of most devastating threats to aquaculture production because it is very difficult to quality and quantity. Public health hazards are also in dangerous situation due to frequent disease outbreak and treatment involving identify nutritional diseases. Production cost get increased due to investment lost, fish mortality,
    [Show full text]
  • By Charusheela M Chitale Thesis Submitted to The
    THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND DIETARY IRON ON IRON STATUS IN 19 MONTHOLD ADULT FEMALE RATS by Charusheela M Chitale Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in HUMANNUTRITION AND FOODS APPROVED: C.A. Pratt, Ph.D., Chairperson E .D. Schlenker, Ph.D. 0 M.A. Khan, Ph.D. May, 1995 Blacksburg, Virginia THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND DIETARY IRON ON IRON STATUS IN 19-MONTH-OLD ADULT FEMALE RATS by Charusheela M Chitale C.A. Pratt, Ph.D., Chairperson HUMAN NUTRITION AND FOODS (ABSTRACT) This study investigated the effects of exercise and dietary iron on iron status in 19- month-old female rats. Fifty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups: baseline (BL); iron sufficient-exercise (HE); iron sufficient-sedentary (HS); moderate iron deficient- exercise (LE) and moderate iron deficient-sedentary (LS). The six-week exercise protocol involved swimming 5 days/week beginning at 10 minutes/day and ending at I hour/day by the fifth and sixth week. The results indicated a significant effect of exercise on food intake and on body weight, with higher levels of intake and body weight in the LS group compared to the exercised groups. Soleus muscle weight was significantly lower than BL in the HS, LE and LS groups. Gastrocnemius muscle weight was significantly higher in the HS than in 1 the LE group. Cardiac weights were comparable in the LE, LS and HE groups but significantly higher than the HS group.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin Excess and Deficiency Liliane Diab and Nancy F
    Vitamin Excess and Deficiency Liliane Diab, MD,* Nancy F. Krebs, MD, MS* *Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO Education Gap Vitamins are organic compounds that humans cannot synthesize but need in small amounts to sustain life. Pediatricians’ knowledge about vitamins is challenged daily. Pediatricians are faced not only with parents requesting supplements but also with parents refusing them when they are clinically indicated. In addition, pediatricians need to be familiar with the effect of maternal health and diet on human milk to counsel their patients on how to prevent potentially devastating health consequences for the breastfed infant. Tables 1 and 2 provide the reader with a quick reference to who is at risk and when to consider a vitamin or mineral deficiency (minerals will be covered in the second part of this review). Table 3 summarizes the pharmaceutical and AUTHOR DISCLOSURE Drs Diab and Krebs supplemental sources of vitamin D and Table 4 provides a quick reference for have disclosed no financial relationships diagnostic tests and treatment doses for vitamin deficiencies. relevant to this article. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/ investigative use of a commercial product/ device. Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to: ABBREVIATIONS 1. Discuss the risk factors for developing selected vitamin deficiencies. AAP American Academy of Pediatrics 2. Identify the role of natural foods, fortified foods, and supplements in CT computed tomography meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes of various vitamins. DRIs Dietary Reference Intakes FDA Food and Drug Administration 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Rdistribution Not for No
    CORE SKILLS NUTRITION INTRODUCTION Optimal nutrition in the hospital setting has been shown to improve outcomes in adult patients, and there is a grow- ing body of evidence that the same is true for pediatric patients. Malnutrition refers to any disorder of nutritional status resulting from a deficiency or excess of nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients, or impairedired nutrient metabolism. Malnutrition occurs in up to half of hospitalized children in the United States, but variesies considconsiderablyonsi by age and disease state. An understanding of the fundamental nutritional requirements of pediatricediatricric patientspatientpatien is essential to providing optimal care for hospitalized children. Pediatric hospitalists should be expertsxperts in makingmakimak objective nutritional assessments and managing frequently encountered nutritional problems.ems.ms. Pediatric hospitalistshospihosp should lead, coordinate, or participate in multidisciplinary efforts to screen for malnutritionritiontion and improve the nutri- tional status of hospitalized pediatric patients. KNOWLEDGE Pediatric hospitalists should be able to: • Describe the normal growth patterns for children at various agess and the potentialpotenti effecte of malnutrition on growth. • List the anthropometric measurements commonly used too assessss acute and chchronic nutritional status. • Describe the basic nutritional requirements for hospitalizedalizedd pediatric patients,patie based on gestational age, chronologic age, weight, activity level, and other characteristics.teristics
    [Show full text]