Steps of Paul, Cappadocia & Churches of Revelation 12 Day First Class Tour
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Decreasing Hydrothermalism at Pamukkale- Hierapolis (Anatolia) Since the 7Th Century
EGU2020-20182 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20182 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Decreasing hydrothermalism at Pamukkale- Hierapolis (Anatolia) since the 7th century Bassam Ghaleb1, Claude Hillaire-Marcel1, Mehmet Ozkul2, and Feride Kulali3 1Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP, Montreal, Canada ([email protected]) 2Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey 3Uskudar University, Istanbul,Turkey The dating of travertine deposition and groundwater / hydrothermal seepages in relation to late Holocene climatic changes can be achieved using short-lived isotopes of the 238U decay series, as illustrated by the present study of the Pamukkale travertine system, at the northern edge of the Denizli and Baklan graben merging area (see Özkul et al., 2013; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.05.018. The strongly lithified self-built channels and modern pools where analysed for their 238U,234U,230Th, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po contents, whereas 238U,234U and 226Ra were measured in modern hydrothermal waters. When corrected for detrital contamination, 230Th-ages of travertine samples range from 1215±80 years, in the oldest self-built hydrothermal channels, to the Present (modern pool carbonate deposits) thus pointing to the inception of the existing huge travertine depositional systems during the very late Holocene, probably following the major Laodikeia earthquate of the early 7th century (cf. Kumsar et al., 2016; DOI 10.1007/s10064-015-0791-0). So far, the available data suggest three major growth phases of the travertine system: an early phase (7th to 8th centuries CE), an intermediate phase (~ 14th century CE) and a modern one, less than one century old. -
Concert Choir Tour in TURKEY an Opportunity to Sing in Historic Christian Locations
Concert Choir Tour in TURKEY An Opportunity to Sing in Historic Christian Locations Choir Tour in rt U R K E T U R K E ce T Y UR T Y n KE U R K E Co Y T Y s A n n CHOIR o CHOIR O i p t p a o c r o GROUPS t L u GROUPS n n i a t i y t s t i o r T S h C T U Si n c T R g U S i r K U i o n Ut O R H s T i T T K U T O U U T R S K U T O U An Opportunity to Sing in Historic Christian Locations alk in the footsteps of Paul and John. Travel to sites connected with Paul’s First, Second and Third Missionary Journeys W(Attalia, Perge, Aspendos, Pisidian Antioch, Loadicea, Hierapolis, Ephesus) and the Seven Churches (Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea) to whom John wrote the Book of Revelation. Added to these magnificent biblical sites is a two-day visit to Istanbul where you can enjoy its rich historical sites and impressive archeological museum, as well as a short cruise on the Bosphorus Sea. BLACK SEA ISTANBUL CANAKKALE ALEXANDER TROAS TURKEY A PERGAMON E S SARDIS PHILADELPHIA PSIDIAN ANTIOCH N IZMIR PAMUKKALE A EPHESUS (HIERAPOLIS) E LAODICEA G E A ANTALYA PERGE DAY 01 FRI DEPART USA EA DAY 02 SAT ARRIVE ISTANBUL MEDITERRANEAN S DAY 03 SUN ISTANBUL DAY 04 MON ISTANBUL - FLY ANTALYA DAY 05 THU PERGA - ASPENDOS - ANTALYA DAY 06 FRI ANTIOCH OF PISIDIA – LAODICEA - PAMUKKALE DAY 07 SAT HIERAPOLIS - PHILADELPHIA - SARDIS - IZMIR DAY 08 SUN PERGAMUM - IZMIR DAY 09 MON EPHESUS - KUSADASI DAY 10 TUE SMYRNA - IZMIR DAY 11 WED IZMIR AIRPORT - FLY BACK HOME PERFORMANCE SCHEDULE: Sun, Day 3 Morning Worship Service followed by a short concert performance. -
TURKEY GRAND TOUR with Dr
TURKEY GRAND TOUR with Dr. Robert M. Schoch The Greatest Ancient Wonders of Anatolia – Exploring the Roots of Civilization June 6–19, 2020 & June 5–18, 2021 Join world-renowned geologist, scholar and author, Dr. Robert Schoch, for an incredible 14- day comprehensive tour exploring the archaeology, history, culture and natural beauty of Turkey – the region rightfully referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization". 1. Introducing Dr. Robert Schoch – Our Host for the Tour There is no better person to guide you through ancient sites and geological wonders than Dr. Robert M. Schoch. Classically trained, with a Ph.D. in geology and geophysics from Yale University, Dr. Schoch has been a fulltime faculty member at Boston University since 1984. For over two decades Dr. Schoch has been studying ancient civilizations around the world, in such diverse countries as Egypt, Turkey, Bosnia, Romania, Wales, Scotland, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Easter Island, Indonesia, and Japan. During the tour, Dr. Schoch will give a formal lecture presentation regarding his research, discuss the sites as we travel, and guests will also have the opportunity to take part in public and private conversations with Dr. Schoch, as everyone travels together, enjoying all of the sites and activities on the itinerary. In the early 1990s, Dr. Schoch's geological analyses of the Great Sphinx demonstrated that the statue is thousands of years older than the conventional dating of 2500 B.C., bringing him worldwide fame. This work has been both controversial and pivotal in reshaping our understanding of the origins and history of civilization. Recent discoveries in Turkey, particularly at Göbekli Tepe, which Dr. -
The Grave Goods of Roman Hierapolis
THE GRAVE GOODS OF ROMAN HIERAPOLIS AN ANALYSIS OF THE FINDS FROM FOUR MULTIPLE BURIAL TOMBS Hallvard Indgjerd Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo This thesis is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts June 2014 The Grave Goods of Roman Hierapolis ABSTRACT The Hellenistic and Roman city of Hierapolis in Phrygia, South-Western Asia Minor, boasts one of the largest necropoleis known from the Roman world. While the grave monuments have seen long-lasting interest, few funerary contexts have been subject to excavation and publication. The present study analyses the artefact finds from four tombs, investigating the context of grave gifts and funerary practices with focus on the Roman imperial period. It considers to what extent the finds influence and reflect varying identities of Hierapolitan individuals over time. Combined, the tombs use cover more than 1500 years, paralleling the life-span of the city itself. Although the material is far too small to give a conclusive view of funerary assem- blages in Hierapolis, the attempted close study and contextual integration of the objects does yield some results with implications for further studies of funerary contexts on the site and in the wider region. The use of standard grave goods items, such as unguentaria, lamps and coins, is found to peak in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Clay unguentaria were used alongside glass ones more than a century longer than what is usually seen outside of Asia Minor, and this period saw the development of new forms, partially resembling Hellenistic types. Some burials did not include any grave gifts, and none were extraordinarily rich, pointing towards a standardised, minimalistic set of funerary objects. -
Deadly CO2 Gases in the Plutonium of Hierapolis (Denizli, Turkey)
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2019) 11:1359–1371 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0599-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Deadly CO2 gases in the Plutonium of Hierapolis (Denizli, Turkey) Hardy Pfanz1 & Galip Yüce2 & Ahmet H. Gulbay3 & Ali Gokgoz4 Received: 30 March 2016 /Accepted: 16 January 2018 /Published online: 12 February 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Using a portable gas analyzer system, the geogenic gas regime below and around an ancient gate to hell at Hierapolis/Phrygia was characterized. The site was first described by Strabo and Plinius as a gate to the underworld. During centuries, it attracted even ancient tourists. In a grotto below the temple of Pluto, CO2 was found to be at deadly concentrations of up to 91%. Astonishingly, these vapors are still emitted in concentrations that nowadays kill insects, birds, and mammals. The concentrations of CO2 escaping from the mouth of the grotto to the outside atmosphere are still in the range of 4–53% CO2 depending on the height above ground level. They reach concentrations during the night that would easily kill even a human being within a minute. These emissions are thought to reflect the Hadean breath and/or the breath of the hellhound Kerberos guarding the entrance to hell. The origin of the geogenic CO2 is the still active seismic structure that crosses the old town of ancient Hierapolis as part of the Babadag fracture zone. Our measurements confirm the presence of geogenic CO2 in concentrations that explain ancient stories of killed bulls, rams, and songbirds during religious ceremonies. -
Numismata Graeca; Greek Coin-Types, Classified For
NUMISMATA GRAECA GREEK COIN-TYPES CLASSIFIED FOR IMMEDIATE IDENTIFICATION PROTAT BROTHERS, PRINTERS, MACON (fRANCb). NUMISMATA GRAEGA GREEK GOIN-TYPES GLASSIFIED FOR IMMEDIATE IDENTIFICATION BY L^" CI flu pl-.M- ALTAR No. ALTAR Metal Xo. Pi.ACi: OBVEnSE Reverse V\t Denom . 1)a Pl.A Ri;it:iii;n(:i; SlZE II Nicaen. AVTKAINETPAIANOC. Large altar ready laid with /E.8 Tra- II un teriaii (]oll Jiilhijni:t. Ileadof Trajan r., laur. wood and havin^' door in 20 jan. p. 247, Xo 8. front; beneath AIOC. Ves- Prusiiis AYTKAilAPIIEBAI EniMAPKOYnAAN. P. I. R. .M. Pontus, etc, pasian, ad IIy])ium. TnOYEinAIIAN KIOYOY APOYAN- 22.5 12 p. 201, No 1. A. D. Billiynia. Headof Altar. nnPOYIIEII- eYHATOY. 200 Vespasian to r., laur. \:i .Aiiiasia. (]ara- 10, \o 31, AYKAIMAYP AAPCeYANTAMACIACM... , , p. Ponliirt. ANTnNINOC-Biislof in ex., eTCH. Altar of 1.2 caila. Caracalla r., laureale two stages. 30 A. n. in Paludamentum and 208 ciiirass. 14 l ariiini. Hust of Pallas r., in hel n A Garlanded altar, yE.5 H. C. R. M. Mysia, p. 1(11, Mijsiu. niet ; borderofdots. 12.5 P I 200 No 74. to Au- gus- tus. 15 Smyrna. TIB€PIOC C€BAC- ZMYPNAICON lonia. TOC- Ilead of Tibe- lePGONYMOC. Altar -ar- .E.65 Tibe- B. M. lonia, p. 268, rius r.,laur. landed. 10 No 263. 16 .\ntioch. BOYAH- Female bust ANTlOXenN- Altar. ^E.7 Babelon,/»^. Wadd., C.nria. r., veiled. 18 p. 116, \o 21.')9. 17 ANTIOXeWN cesAC CYNAPXiA AFAAOY .E.6 Au- ,, ,, No 2165. TOY- Nil^e staiiding. TOY AfAAOY. Altar, 15 gus- tus. -
New Research in the Northern Necropolis of Hierapolis, Phrygia (Turkey)
New research in the Northern necropolis of Hierapolis, Phrygia (Turkey) Anna Anguissola, Silvana Costa, Antonio Monticolo University of Pisa Italian Archaeological Mission at Hierapolis Since 1988, Hierapolis of Phrygia has been included in UNESCO’s list of mixed natural and cultural world heritage sites. Hierapolis is situated on a calcareous platform some 350 metres above sea level, on the western brink of the Anatolian plateau. It covers an area of ca. 65 ha and is surrounded by large cemeteries, built throughout the Hellenistic and imperial Roman periods. Some 600 monumental tombs with a remarkable variety of architectural types have been identified. Only a few of them have been either excavated or presented in scholarly publications. 1. The project This project (2017-2020) is the first coordinated effort to examine the funerary landscape of Hierapolis from a historical and social perspective. Our research focuses on the largest and the most complex of the cemeteries at Hierapolis, the northern Necropolis. Firstly, we aim to account for the general layout of the burial ground, as related to its topography, organizing principles, access and circulation, continuity and changes. Secondly, we wish to assess how individual monuments and sarcophagi contributed to the articulation of the funerary space by focusing on aspects such as material, techniques, visibility, use, and ownership of these objects. Thirdly, we integrate the study of funerary inscriptions as a means to gather information not only on specific persons, their status and lineage, but also on systems of belief, social symbols, memory, identity, social and political organization. 2. Area and funerary typologies We focus on the area between Tombs 156 and 162, including some 20 monuments and dozens of sarcophagi along the main road to Tripolis on the Meander. -
Full Experience Package Itinerary Day 1- Istanbul Arrival Day 12Th November, 2021 1
Full Experience Package Itinerary Day 1- Istanbul Arrival Day 12th November, 2021 1. Meet & Greet at New Istanbul Airport a. Airport Transfers b. Transport from New Istanbul Airport to Pullman Istanbul Hotel & Convention Centre (5 star) by Luxury Air-Conditioned Private Bus 2. Hotel Check-In Deluxe Twin Rooms (Shared) 3. Opening Ceremony: a. Grand Symposium: i. United Nations Officials, Diplomats & Counsellor Generals will be invited to give motivational Speeches b. Diplomatic Dinner c. Ice-Breaking Night: i. Music & Introductory Games Interaction with Conference Officials & Rest of the Delegates Day 2- World Youth Model United Nations Sessions 13th November, 2021 1. Breakfast at hotel 2. Registration 3. United Nations Simulation Sessions: a. First United Nations Simulation Session i. Debate on Pre-Defined Agenda in each Council ii. Alliances with other Countries iii. Bloc Formation b. Second United Nations Simulation Session i. Discussing Solutions to Crisis at the Floor ii. Lobbying at Un-Moderated Caucus iii. Crafting Working Papers c. Buffet Lunch at Hotel’s Restaurant d. Third United Nations Simulation Session i. Working Paper Presentation ii. Lobbying to gather support for Bloc iii. Defending Working Papers iv. Crafting of Draft Resolutions e. Fourth United Nations Simulation Session i. Draft Resolution Presentation ii. Discussion on Draft Resolution Presented by each bloc iii. Proposing Amendments iv. Roll Call Voting on Resolution Day 3- Istanbul City Tour & Departure to Ankara 14th November, 2021 1. Breakfast at hotel 2. Registration 3. Closing Ceremony a. Keynote Speakers i. Youth Icons ii. Turkish Politicians/Businessmen b. Cultural Performances c. Award Distribution d. Secretariat Recognition e. Closing Speech by Secretary General 4. -
Turkey): New Information from a Systematic Review and Integration of Archaeological and Archaeometric Data
heritage Article The Provenance of Marbles and Alabasters Used in the Monuments of Hierapolis in Phrygia (Turkey): New Information from a Systematic Review and Integration of Archaeological and Archaeometric Data Giuseppe Scardozzi Institute for Archaeological and Monumental Heritage, National Research Council of Italy, Monteroni Road, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] Received: 31 December 2018; Accepted: 31 January 2019; Published: 6 February 2019 Abstract: Determining the provenance of the stones used for ancient architectures is very important in order to reconstruct many social and economic questions linked to the life of a city. This paper integrates previous and new archaeometric data about marble and alabaster quarries in south-western Phrygia (Lykos valley), and offers a review of some results of the research activities carried out between the years 2013–2018 and aimed to reconstruct the building stone procurement strategies adopted in the city of Hierapolis in Phrygia across a broad chronological time span from the Hellenistic age to the Byzantine period. The research activities based on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating the archaeological and art-historian study of the monuments, the topographical investigation of the quarries, and the archaeometric characterisation both of extraction sites and marbles and alabasters used in the building sites of the urban area and in the necropolises. Keywords: marble; alabaster; quarry; building site; archaeology; archaeometry; Asia Minor; Roman Imperial period 1. Introduction, Study Area, and Research Aim Numerous studies in the last few years have concentrated on the role of marble architecture in Rome and on the importation of high-value materials to the center of power during the Imperial age. -
TURKEY EGYPT January 15 - February 5, 2021
The Genesis to Revelation Tour Covering Old Testament and New Testament Sites TURKEY EGYPT January 15 - February 5, 2021 Tour Host: Dr. Ben Witherington Egypt Turkey organized by The Genesis to Revelation Tour Covering Old Testament and New Testament Sites TURKEY | EGYPT Pergamum, Turkey January 15 - February 5, 2021 Jan 23 Sat Pamukkale - Laodicea - Kusadasi Visit Laodicea. Although the excavation work is still in its early stages, Laodicea was a major city in Roman times, as is clear from not only the size of the ancient site but FLIGHT SCHEDULE also its two theatres, stadium, aqueduct and major street lined with shops. Laodicea is not only the last of the seven churches to whom John directed the book of Dep.City/Arrival Dep. Arrv. Flight Schedule Date City Time Time Revelation (Rev. 3:14-22), but it also had a close relationship with the nearby churches of Colossae and Hierapolis (Col. 4:13-15) and was the recipient of one of Paul’s now TK 032 15JAN ATLIST 2155 1615 lost letters (Col. 4:16). Overnight in Kusadasi. (B,D) TK 2266 18JAN ISTHTY 1010 1205 Jan 24 Sun Ephesus - Izmir XQ 9229 20JAN GZTADB 2330 0120 Today we will visit the famous ancient city of Ephesus. Ephesus was also the site TK 2325 26JAN ADBIST 1520 1640 of the Artemis temple—one of seven wonders of the ancient world. There is the TK 694 26JAN ISTCAI 1910 2030 same theatre where some 24,000 citizens of Ephesus gathered shouting “Great is Artemis!” in a riot started in response to Paul’s ministry there. -
Rich Yet Lukewarm: Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley
Rich yet Lukewarm: Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley Mark Wilson Published in Uluslarası Denizli ve Çevresi Tarih ve Kültür Sempozyumu Bildiriler ed. Ayfer Özçelik, M. Yaşar Ertaş, Yusuf Kılıç, Yasemin Avcı, Süleyman İnan, and Selim Parlaz (Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen-Edibiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü, 2007), 2:68–72. Introduction Two thousand years ago the area around Denizli was inhabited by native Phrygians, Greeks, Romans, and even some Jews. These groups resided in the three major cities of the Lycus Valley–Laodicea, Hierapolis, and Colossae. A prosopographical inquiry can even reveal the names of a few of its residents–Epaphras, Philemon, Apphia, Archippus, Onesimus, Nympha, and Philip. Each of these places and names is mentioned in the New Testament (İncil), indicating that this region became a center of Christianity in the first century. This paper will discuss the historical background of Christianity’s arrival and development in the Lycus valley as well as some of the personalities involved. Jews in the Lycus Valley Any discussion of Christianity must first address the subject of the Jews. For it was from the Jewish community that the first believers in Jesus the Messiah were drawn. Josephus (Ant. 12.149) mentions that Antiochus III relocated two thousand Jewish families from Mesopotamia to Phrygia and Lydia shortly after 213 B.C. The rich archaeological evidence attesting the presence of Jews in the nearby cities of Sardis and Aphrodisias likewise suggests that the Lycus valley became home for some of these families.1 Josephus (Ant. 14.235) later cites a letter of the propraetor Lucius Antonius, in which he 1 J. -
The Global Paul
THE GLOBAL PAUL May 8-20, 2010 Damascus, Baalbeck, Antioch, Tarsus, Cappadocia, Derbe, Lystra, Psidian Antioch,The Laodicea, Hierapolis,Global Aphrodisias, Perga,Paul and Aspendos Cyprus Extension: May 20-22 MAIN TOUR: May 08 Sat Depart New York JFK – Fly Istanbul TK 002 depart at 16:45pm May 09 Sun Arrive Istanbul at 09:25. Take connecting flight to Damascus TK 952 departing at 2:35 pm. Arrive Damascus at 4:35 pm. Your tour guide will meet you with an “SBL” sign. Meet and transfer to your 5 star hotel for overnight. May 10 Mon Damascus This day is entirely dedicated to touring and discovering Damascus. We will explore the national museum of Damascus, the Omayyad mosque surrounded by old pagan temple walls, the straight street of Damascus, which is mentioned in the New Testament in reference to St. Paul, who recovered his sight & baptized in Damascus. Free time to stroll in the old bazaars of Damascus then head to Qasioun Mountain. Back to your hotel. (B,L,D) May 11 Tue Excursion Baalbeck - Damascus After breakfast, transfer to Baalbeck, Full day Baalbeck Sightseeing. Return to Damascus for overnight. (B,L,D) May 12 Wed Damascus – Turkey Border - Antioch Drive Turkish border.Transfer by taxis to hotel in Antioch.(B,L,D) May 13 Thu Antioch area & Seleucia Pieria. Overnight Adana. (B,L,D) May 14 Fri Adana Museum, Tarsus- Cappadocia. Overnight Cappadocia. (B,L,D) May 15 Sat Full day Cappadocia Visit the Cave Churches in Goreme, Zelve Valley, and Underground City. Overnight Cappadocia. (B,L,D) May 16 Sun Cappadocia-Derbe-Karaman Museum- Lystra - Iconium-Konya(B,L,D) May 17 Mon Pisidian Antioch-Yalvaç Museum-Laodicea-Hierapolis.